Types of Movement Joints

April 2, 2013 | By Admin | 0 Comments

Expansion Joint

An initial gap should be provided between adjoining parts of the structure to accommodate either expansion or contraction of the structure. (BS 8007) Has no restraint to movement. Complete discontinuity in both reinforcement and concrete (BS 8007) (BS 8110 2); but transfer of shear across the joint can be achieved by the use of dowel bars with one end of the dowel free to slide. (CIRIA Report 146)

Water-stops, joint fillers and joint sealing compounds are essential.(BS 8007) Used for elements exposed to significant temperature variation (notably solar gain) such as roof slabs, footbridges, and ground-bearing slabs outdoors. (CIRIA Report 146)

Hinged Joint

Can be formed either by completely separating the two elements, placing one element in a groove in the other, or by crossing the reinforcement at the junction of the two elements. (BS 8007)

Transmits thrust and shearing force; but permits rotation with minimal restraint. (BS 8007) Required to prevent the occurrence of reverse moments or of undesirable restraint, for example in a threehinged portal. (BS 8110 2) The hinged joint is more common in bridges, particularly arches, than in building structures. It has been used in a few structures to provide effectively pinned concrete connections, for example to minimize potentially damaging horizontal shear forces in the lowest lift of columns carrying floors down to a progressively-posttensioned long-span transfer girder. (CIRIA Report 146)

Sliding Joint

Complete discontinuity in both reinforcement and concrete. Allows relative movement in the plane of the joint. Special provision is made to facilitate relative movement in the plane of the joint. (BS 8007) Generally used in precast concrete structures and in larger civil engineering structures such as bridges, although sliding joints are also found at the wall-floor and wall-roof junctions in water-retaining structures. (CIRIA Report 146)

Settlement Joint

Permits adjacent members or structures to settle or deflect relative to each other in cases, for example, where movements of the foundations of a building are likely due to mining subsidence. (BS 8110 2)

Complete Contraction Joint

No initial gap between the concrete on both sides of the joint. Joint may be formed either by using stop ends with no initial gap between the concrete or by using a crack inducer (or other means) to reduce the depth of the concrete section by at least 25 % and accommodate contraction of the concrete. (BS 8007)

Has no restraint to movement. Complete discontinuity in both reinforcement and concrete. Water-stops and joint sealing compounds are essential. Transfer of shear across the joint can be achieved by the use of dowel bars with one end of the dowel free to slide. It is most commonly used in water-containing structures to deal with early-age thermal movements and irreversible drying shrinkage, where no load transfer or equalizing of deflection in the plane of the joint is required. (CIRIA Report 146)

Partial Contraction Joint

No initial gap between the concrete on both sides of the joint and joint may be either by using stop ends with no initial gap between the concrete or by using a crack inducer (or other means) to reduce the depth of the concrete section by at least 25 % and accommodate some contraction of the concrete. (BS 8007)

Has some restraint to movement. Complete discontinuity in concrete and partially in steel. Steel is provided to ensure that shear loads can be transferred across the joint and or when equalizing of deflection in the plane of the joint is required Commonly used in water containing structures, retaining walls, and large ground-bearing slabs Water-stops and joint sealing compounds are essential.

Seismic Joint

These joints will have to be of sufficient width to accommodate the cumulative anticipated movement across the joints. This may be l00 mm or more, which is well beyond the capability of any orthodox joint sealant or gasket. Choosing a suitable bridging material for such joints may be complicated by the need to accommodate pedestrian or vehicular traffic. One approach is to provide steel plates, either fixed on one side of the joints or loose but captive within retaining strips.

Material Specifications for Movement Joints BS 8007

March 31, 2013 | By Admin | 0 Comments

Movement joints require the use of combinations of jointing materials, which may be classified as:

Joint fillers Waterstops Joint sealing compounds

Note: The use of these jointing materials in each type of movement joints is shown in Types of Movement Joints. Joint Fillers

They consist of compressible sheet or strip material fixed to the face of the first-placed concrete and against which the second-placed concrete is cast. Since the percentage expansion or contraction of the filler is inversely proportional to the initial width of the joint, there is an advantage in using a wide joint. The usefulness of joint filler is increased if the material remains in contact with both faces of the joint throughout joint movements. Only non-rotting and non-absorbent materials should be used as joint fillers.

Waterstops

1.

Waterstops are preformed strips of durable impermeable material that are wholly or partially embedded in the concrete during construction. When specified, waterstops should be appropriate to the required design performance. It is essential that the concrete placed around the waterstop is well compacted and that the waterstop be fixed and maintained firmly in position until the concrete placing is completed and the concrete has set. Waterstops may be divided into four categories as follow: Central-bulb: There is a solid bulb or wing at each end of this type, which is made of rubber or flexible plastics such as PVC. The distance of the waterstop from the nearest exposed concrete face should not be less than half the width of the waterstop. The second category is similar to the first category but has no central bulb. The third category, consisting of surface types of waterstop, is mainly used on the undersides of concrete slabs, and sometimes on the outer face of walls that are backfilled. To secure good compaction of the

2. 3.

concrete against the water-stop it should be fixed to a base of blinding concrete or formwork. This type of waterstop is usually formed from rubber or flexible plastics such as PVC. 4. The fourth category of waterstop is a rigid type and is specified when, as in construction joints, no movement is expected at the joint but a positive waterstop is required because of the pressure of the contained liquid as in a pressure pipeline. Such waterstops are usually formed from copper or steel strip.

Joint Sealing Compounds

These materials (or sealants) are impermeable ductile materials that are required to provide a liquid-tight seal by adhesion to the concrete throughout the range of joint movements