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. Find the equation of the sphere centered at (3, 2, 1), which is tangent to: (a) the xz -plane
SOLUTION: In order to be tangent to the xz -plane, the radius must be exactly the distance from the center to the xz -plane, or 2 units. Therefore the equation is (x + 3)2 + (y 2)2 + (z 1)2 = 4 .
Problems 2 - 7 involve the parallelogram shown below, with vertices at A(2, 1, 4), B (1, 0, 1), C (1, 2, 3), and D. Find the following:
2. the coordinates of D
SOLUTION: The point D(x, y, z ) can be used to form the # vector AD = x 2, y + 1, z 4 , which is equal to the vec# tor BC = 0, 2, 4 on the opposite side of the parallelogram. Thus, we nd that D has coordinates (2, 1, 8) .
# # BC 5. projBD
SOLUTION: The vector projection is given by # # 1, 1, 9 0, 2, 4 38 # BD BC # # BC = projBD 1, 1, 9 = 1, 1, 9 = # 2 (BD) = 83 83 |BD| 38 38 342 , , 83 83 83
= |14i + 4j 2k| =
8. For what real values of a and b are the three vectors x = a, b, 1 , y = 1, b, b a , z = 1, a, a + b mutually orthogonal? (That is, each pair of vectors is orthogonal.)
SOLUTION: In order to test for orthogonality, we test to see when the dot product of the vectors is equal to zero. The three dot products give us: x y = a b2 + b a = b2 + b = b(1 b) = 0 x z = a ab + a + b = ab + b = b(1 a) = 0 y z = 1 + ab + b a = 0 Checking b = 0 in the third equation, we have 1 a2 = 0 = a2 = 1 = No solution. = a = 0 or a = 1. The Checking b = 1 in the third equation, we have 1 + a + 1 a2 = a a2 = a(1 a) = 0 common solution to satisfy all three is then a = b = 1
2 2
= =
b = 0 or b = 1 b = 0 or a = 1
9. Find the equation of the plane containing the point (3, 1, 4) that satises each condition: (a) parallel to the yz -plane.
SOLUTION: A plane that is parallel to the yz -plane is also perpendicular to the x-axis. Therefore, we can use the vector i as the normal vector. n (r r0 ) = i [(x 3)i + (y + 1)j + (z 4)k] = x 3 = 0 x=3
10. Find the parametric equations of the line of intersection of the planes x + y z = 7 and 3x 2y + z = 5.
SOLUTION: To nd the direction vector of the line, we nd the cross product of the normal vectors n1 = i + j k and n2 = 3i 2j + k. This will give a vector that is perpendicular to both normal vectors, and therefore it will be parallel to both planes. i j k v = n1 n2 = 1 1 1 = i 4j 5k 3 2 1 We must then nd a point which lies on the line of intersection, in other words, a point which lies on both planes simultaneously. We can do this by selecting one coordinate of the point, and then solving for the other 2 coordinates: Let y = 0, then xz =7 3x + z = 5 x = 3, z = 4
The parametric equations of the line are: x = 3 t, y = 4t, z = 4 5t Note: This answer is not unique. Any line with a point that lies on both planes, and has a direction vector parallel to the vector v is valid.
nd the parametric equations of the line which is orthogonal to both L1 and L2 , and passes through their point of intersection. Also using a computer, print the graph of L1 , L2 , their point of intersction, and the line which is orthogonal to both L1 and L2 on the same coordinate system. Please remember to print your input and output for submission with HW1.
SOLUTION:
We first find the point of intersection of the two lines. Clear t, s, P ; P t_ 3 2 t, Q s_ 1 s, 2 Solve P t s 0, t
t, 3 2 s, s, t
3t ; s ;
Q s , 1
point1 point2 1, 1,
P 1 Q 0
2, 0 2, 0
The point 1,
2, 0 is in common with both lines. Now we will graph the lines and the point of intersect
Clear gr1, gr2, gr3 gr1 Graphics3D Red, PointSize .02 , Point point1 ; gr2 ParametricPlot3D P t , t, 2, 3 , PlotStyle Blue ; gr3 ParametricPlot3D Q t , t, 2, 3 , PlotStyle Green ; Show gr1, gr2, gr3, Boxed False
Now we must find the cross product of the direction vectors v1 and v2 to find a vector which is orthogona v1 2, 1, 3 ; v2 1, 2, 1 ; v Cross v1, v2 5, 5, 5 Using the point of intersection either point1 or point2 , and the cross product vector v we have : Eqt 1 point1 5 t, 2 tv 5 t, 5 t
Now we will add the graph of this line to the previous graph. gr4 ParametricPlot3D Eqt, t, 1, 1 , PlotStyle Show gr1, gr2, gr3, gr4, Boxed False Purple ;