CONTROLLING evaluation assessing and regulating performance with the plans that have been adopted, the instructions

ns issued and the principles established. seeing to it that what is planned is done opens opportunities for improvement and comparing performance against set standards. Components of Control Process: 1. Establishment of standards and objectives 2. Measurement of actual performance 3. Comparison of standards with performance 4. Action to reinforce strengths 5. Implementation of corrective action as necessary Characteristics of E-Tool: 1. Objectivity Free from bias 2. Reliability Accuracy or precision of the tool 3. Validity Relevancy of the measurement to the performance 4. Sensitivity Can measure fine lines of differences 3 TYPES OF STANDARDS 1. Structure Structure of management system 2. Outcome Decision and actions of the nurse relative to the nursing process which are necessary to provide good nursing care. 3. Procedure Designed to measure the results of care provided in terms of changes in the health status of clients and changes in their level of KAS. PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL Control process in which employees performance is evaluated against standards. Most valuable tool in controlling human resources and productivity. Purpose: 1. Salary and merit 2. Promotion or transfer 3. Demotion or termination 4. Make inventories of talents 5. Training and developmental needs 6. Improve performance of work groups

7.

Improve communication between supervisors and employees 8. Establish standards of supervisory performance 9. Discover the aspirations of employees and reconcile with goals of institution 10. employee recognition 11. Inform employees where they stand Types: 1. Informal Incidental 2. Formal Systematically done Protocol Checklists METHODS OF MEASURING PERFORMANCE QUALITY ASSURANCE Nursing audit Estimation of the degree of excellence in patient health outcomes and in activity and other resource outcomes. Measurement of the actual level of service provided plus the efforts to modify when necessary. Measure and improve the quality of nursing delivered in the agency. Nursing Audit Committee PATIENT CARE AUDITS 1. Concurrent Review of charts Observation of staff Inspection of patients 2. Restrospective Review of discharged patient Questionnaires or interviews Peer review Employees of the same profession, rank and setting Quality Circles Solve work-related problems and to recommend solutions. From Japanese FAULTS ON EVALUATION 1. Halo error 2. Horns error 3. Logical error 4. Central tendency error

5. 6.

Proximity error Contrast error

DISCIPLINE Constructive and effective means by which employees take personal responsibility for their own performance and behavior. Self-discipline Factors That Influence: 1. Strong commitment to MVPGOPP 2. Laws that govern the practice of all professions 3. Understanding the rules and regulations of the agency. 4. Atmosphere of mutual trust and confidence 5. Pressure from peers and organization

Disciplinary Approaches o Promptness o Fairness o Impartiality o Nonpunitiveness o Advance warning o Follow-through o Problem Solving Disciplinary action 1. Counseling and oral warning 2. Written warning 3. Suspension 4. Dismissal Major Methods of analysis: 1. Analytic What law is 2. Normative What the law ought to be Ethics Ethos Custom or particular behaviour Practical science dealing with the morality of human acts or conduct Nursing Ethics Covers not only the general duty of nurse to provide care but also the noble responsibility to inform and educate patients of their needs. An analysis of potential or actual professional nursing actions Nursing Jurisprudence Branch of law which deals with study of nursing laws, lawsuits, liabilities, legal principles, rules and regulations Principles in ETHICS: 1. Principle of Autonomy Freedom to Choose 2. Principle of Beneficence DO ONLY WHAT IS GOOD 3. Nonmaleficence DO NO HARM 4. Veracity TELL THE TRUTH 5. Confidentiality KEEP PRIVATE 6. Justice BE FAIR 7. Fidelity BE FAITHFUL 8. Double Effect 9. Solidarity 10. Inviolability of life 11. Totality 12. Stewardship

NURSING JURISPRUDENCE Nursing Nutrix (latin) to nourish Art (skills), Science (systematic) and social science (context of life and environment) Law Lex (latin) rules Set rules established by governing power to guide actions, regulate conduct of the people Not all human conduct can be regulated by law o Some moral regulations

Law and morale Both product of social conscience Law 1. 2. Divine Law God Human Law Man a. General or Public Law b. Individual or Private law i. Civil law ii. Procedural law iii. Mercantile law

Jurisprudence Related to law and ethics Achieve and promote justice Juris law or legal Prudential wisdom or prudence

PROFESSIONAL ADJUSTMENT: Profession Vocation - Formal education - informal - Defined skill - acquired skills - Call of society - call of God Period of Professionalization: Development of individual holistically towards the practice of professional nursing Period wherein the newly graduate nurse assume fully yet gradually the role and responsibilities of a newly registered nurse Academic Preparation: 1. BSN 2. RN 3. Physically fit and mentally fit Nursing as Profession 1. Care 2. Code of Ethics 3. Autonomy 4. Theory 5. Education 6. Research 7. Service

Fundamental Responsibilities of a nurse: P - Promotion of Health R - Rehabilitation A - Alleviation of suffering P - Prevention of illness S - Spiritual health ELEMENTS OF CODE OF ETHICS: a. Registered Nurses and People o -respect values, customs and spiritual beliefs o -respect individual freedom to make rational and unconstrained decisions o -old in strict confidence personal info acquired in the process of giving nursing care b. Registered Nurses and Co-workers o solidarity with other members of the health team for the best interest of the patient o maintain collegial and collaborative working relationships with colleagues and other health care providers c. Registered Nurses and Practice o inviolability of human life o goal of quality and excellent patient care o accountability for accurate documentation of actions and outcomes o awareness of the professional, ethical, moral legal dimensions of their actions o goal of striving to perform their work in the best interest of all concerned d. Registered Nurses and the Profession o loyalty to the nursing profession o compliance with the bylaws of the PNA and other prof. Organizations o commitment to continual learning and active participation in the growth and development of the org. e. Registered Nurses, society and environment o preservation of life, respect for human rights, and promotion of a health environment o establishment of the linkages with the public in promoting local, international efforts to meet health and social needs of the people. THEORY - Theoretical body of knowledge - Nursing theories and theorists

CODE OF ETHICS The Filipino Nurses Code of Ethics Purpose: Delineates the roles, missions and responsibilities of a nurse, serves as a guide in making moral and ethical decisions. Not absolutely correct Historical Perspective 1982 First Code of Ethics for Filipinos was approved by the PNA after it was formed in 1922 under the FNA. March 21, 1984 PRC Board of Nursing adopted the International Council of Nursing Code of Ethics for Nurses in the Philippines. October 18, 1989 Amended code of ethics was approved by the BON, the same date that the said code was approved by the PRC. July 14, 2004 Revision of Code of Ethics Adoption of the code of good governance and recognition of the patients bill of rights

D Defined skills A Abilities N Norms and standards

BRIEF HISTORY OF THE NURSING LAW 1919 RA 2808 First true nursing law Created by BON 1 Chairman, 2 members o To conduct NLE First BON Chairman Dr. Juan Cabarrus, MD 1920 First topnotcer Anna Dahlgen 92.36% 1953 RA 877 Philippine Nursing Act of 1953 BON: 1 Chairman, 4 Members 1991 RA 7164 Philippine Nursing Act of 1991 BON: 1 Chairman, 5 members Upper 40% of rule to enter the BSN program in college Trice to fail the board exam refreshers course o 1 Year (10 Months 2 semesters) 2002 RA 9173 the Philippine Nursing Act of 2002 BON: 1 Chairman, 6 members October 21, 2002 Signed the Act President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo 40% rule no longer effective Unlimited taking REPUBLIC ACT 9173 9 Articles and 40 Sections 1. Title 2. Declaration of Policy 3. Composition of BON 4. Examination and Registration 5. Nursing Education 6. Nursing Practice 7. Human Resource, Procedures, Utilization, Supervision & Development 8. Penal and Miscellaneous Provisions 9. Final Provisions I. Declaration of Policy - purpose of law - repeals all of the 7164 II. Composition of the BON BON Licensing board for nurses in the Philippines Professional regulatory board The membership of board of nurses should represent the 3 broad areas of nursing o CNN (CHN, Nursing Education, Nursing Practice)

President of the Philippines General supervision over the BON PRC Direct supervision over the BON Chairman of PRC Nicolas Lapena, Jr Commissioners Ruth Rana Padilla (first nurse to be a commissioner) Dr. Nilo Rosas Prof. Regulatory Board o BON, BOA, BOM

Chairman: Carmencita M. Abaquin (MS, Oncology) Members: Marco Antonio C. Sto. Tomas (First Male President of the PNA 1991) o CHN, Former Dean of St. James College Betty F. Merritt o MS / Psyche, UP Perla G. Po o MS /Psyche, UP Yolanda C. Arugay o MS and Education, FEU, Former Dean of PWU Leonila Faire o OR Nurse, Practice Amelia B. Rosales o Practice, Former Chief Nurse of Makati-Medical

Appointment: 1. Regular Appointment 2. Ad Interim Appointment 3. Doctrine of Hold Over Term: 3 years Re-elected: 1x Max years: 6 years 1. Regular Appointment BON ex 2 years 11 months 2. Ad Interim Appointment 3. Doctrine of Hold Over Qualification of BON 1. Must be a natural born Filipino 2. BSN, RN, MAN Chairman should be MAN o Members , majority of them should be holders of masters degree in nursing 3. 10 years of continuous practice in nursing with 5 years rendered in the Philippines 4. Must be of good standing in APO (PNA) active member 5. Must not have been convicted of any moral turpitude

- moral turpitude an act of done against the virtue of justice, honesty and modesty Disqualifications: 1. Faculty of CON / Review Centers 2. Private or Public employment 3. Pecuniary matters money matters Involvement of family or relative in any activity that give rise to any conflict of interest Jus soli Jus sanguinis Ground for Termination: 1. Gross incompetence / continued neglect of duty Lack of skills and lack of knowledge 2. Commission or toleration in any irregularity in giving the NLE 3. Unethical, unprofessional and dishonourable conduct Compensation of the Board of Nursing The compensation of the Chairperson and members of the BON shall be comparable to the compensation of the chairperson and members of other prof. Regulatory boards on the basis of the doctrine QUANTUM MERUIT (as much as they deserve) EXAMINATION AND REGISTRATION Scope of Exam: Determined the scope by the BON Venue, rating, checking, posting PRC