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Y.S. Li ()
1 / 55
Y.S. Li ()
2 / 55
Laplace Poisson
Maxwell
Schrdinger Dirac
NavierStockes Euler
Saint-Venant
Y.S. Li ()
2 / 55
Laplace Poisson
Maxwell
Schrdinger Dirac
NavierStockes Euler
Saint-Venant
() ()
Y.S. Li ()
2 / 55
Y.S. Li ()
3 / 55
Y.S. Li ()
4 / 55
x x = 0 x = l
Y.S. Li ()
4 / 55
x x = 0 x = l
u(x, t) x t ()
dx ()
Y.S. Li ()
4 / 55
x x = 0 x = l
u(x, t) x t ()
dx ()
x x + dx
Y.S. Li ()
4 / 55
Y.S. Li ()
5 / 55
Y.S. Li ()
5 / 55
dm
2u
t2
Y.S. Li ()
5 / 55
Y.S. Li ()
2u
t2
6 / 55
2u
t2
x + dx x
u(x + dx, t) u(x, t) dx
u
1
x
Y.S. Li ()
6 / 55
2u
t2
x + dx x
u(x + dx, t) u(x, t) dx
u
1
x
sin tan =
cos 1
Y.S. Li ()
u
x
6 / 55
cos 1
2u
t2
sin tan =
cos 1
u
x
(T)x+ dx (T)x = 0
T x
Y.S. Li ()
6 / 55
sin tan =
=
[(
u
x
cos 1
x+ dx
u
x
u
x
) ]
=T
x
Y.S. Li ()
2u
t2
2u
dx
x2
6 / 55
2u
2u
T
=0
x2
t2
()
Y.S. Li ()
7 / 55
2u
2u
T
=0
x2
t2
()
a = T/
Y.S. Li ()
7 / 55
2u
2u
T
=0
x2
t2
()
a = T/
2
2u
2 u
a
=0
x2
t2
Y.S. Li ()
7 / 55
T t
Y.S. Li ()
8 / 55
T t
ds dx =
du2 + dx2 dx
( )2
( ( )2 )
u
u
1 dx = O
= 1+
x
x
Y.S. Li ()
8 / 55
T t
ds dx =
du2 + dx2 dx
( )2
( ( )2 )
u
u
1 dx = O
= 1+
x
x
u/x ()
Hooke T
Y.S. Li ()
8 / 55
2u
2u
T
=0
x2
t2
T t
T x
Y.S. Li ()
9 / 55
2u
2u
T
=0
x2
t2
T t
T x
T
Y.S. Li ()
9 / 55
( u )
F(x)
dx
2u
2u
=
T
dx + F(x) dx
x2
t2
Y.S. Li ()
10 / 55
( u )
F(x)
dx
2u
2u
=
T
dx + F(x) dx
x2
t2
2u
2u
a2 2 = f(x)
2
x
t
f(x) =
F(x)
Y.S. Li ()
10 / 55
P ( x, t ) S
()
P ( x + dx , t ) S
x + dx
Y.S. Li ()
u + du
11 / 55
P ( x, t ) S
()
P ( x + dx , t ) S
x + dx
u + du
(x, x + dx) x
P(x, t)S x + dx P(x + dx, t)S
Y.S. Li ()
11 / 55
P ( x, t ) S
()
P ( x + dx , t ) S
x + dx
u + du
Newton
dm
2u
= [P(x + dx, t) P(x, t)] S
t2
.
Y.S. Li ()
11 / 55
dm
2u
= [P(x + dx, t) P(x, t)] S
t2
Y.S. Li ()
12 / 55
dm
2u
= [P(x + dx, t) P(x, t)] S
t2
dm = S dx
2u
P
=
2
x
t
Y.S. Li ()
12 / 55
dm
2u
= [P(x + dx, t) P(x, t)] S
t2
dm = S dx
2u
P
=
2
x
t
Hooke
P
P=E
u
x
E Young
Y.S. Li ()
12 / 55
dm
2u
= [P(x + dx, t) P(x, t)] S
t2
dm = S dx
2u
P
=
2
x
t
Hooke
P
P=E
u
x
E Young
2
2u
2 u
a
=0
x2
t2
a =
Y.S. Li ()
12 / 55
2
2u
2 u
a
=0
x2
t2
Y.S. Li ()
13 / 55
2
2u
2 u
a
=0
x2
t2
]
[ 2
2u 2u
2u
2 u
+
+
=0
a
x2
y2
z2
t2
Y.S. Li ()
13 / 55
[ 2
]
2u
2u 2u
2 u
a
+ 2 + 2 =0
x2
y
z
t2
Y.S. Li ()
14 / 55
[ 2
]
2u
2u 2u
2 u
a
+ 2 + 2 =0
x2
y
z
t2
Laplace
2
2
2
2
+
+
=
x2 y2 z2
Y.S. Li ()
14 / 55
[ 2
]
2u
2u 2u
2 u
a
+ 2 + 2 =0
x2
y
z
t2
Laplace
2
2
2
2
+
+
=
x2 y2 z2
2u
a2 2 u = 0
t2
Y.S. Li ()
14 / 55
Y.S. Li ()
15 / 55
Fourier
Y.S. Li ()
15 / 55
Fourier
(x, y, z, t)u(x, y, z, t)
(x, y, z) t
Y.S. Li ()
16 / 55
Fourier
(x, y, z, t)u(x, y, z, t)
(x, y, z) t
x x
Y.S. Li ()
16 / 55
Fourier
x x
.
Theorem ( Fourier )
.
x q
q = k
u
x
q. k
Y.S. Li ()
16 / 55
Fourier
q = k
u
x
Y.S. Li ()
17 / 55
Fourier
q = k
u
x
Y.S. Li ()
17 / 55
Fourier
q = k
u
x
k
u
Y.S. Li ()
17 / 55
Fourier
q = k
u
x
k
u
k u
Y.S. Li ()
17 / 55
Fourier
q = k
u
x
k
u
k u
u
Y.S. Li ()
17 / 55
Fourier
q = k
u
x
k
u
k u
u
Y.S. Li ()
17 / 55
qx = k
u
,
x
qy = k
u
,
y
qz = k
u
z
q = ku
q u
Y.S. Li ()
18 / 55
qx = k
u
,
x
qy = k
u
,
y
qz = k
u
z
q = ku
q u
Y.S. Li ()
18 / 55
t x
[
]
(qx )x (qx )x+ dx yzt
[(
)
(
) ]
u
u
=
k
k
yzt
x x+ dx
x x
=k
2u
xyzt
x2
Y.S. Li ()
19 / 55
t y
[( )
]
( )
qy y qy y+ dy xzt
[(
)
(
) ]
u
u
=
k
k
xzt
y y+ dy
y y
=k
2u
xyzt
y2
Y.S. Li ()
20 / 55
t z
[
]
(qz )z (qz )z+ dz xyt
[(
)
(
)]
u
u
=
k
k
xyt
z z+ dz
z z
=k
2u
xyzt
z2
Y.S. Li ()
21 / 55
t
x
2u
xyzt
x2
2u
xyzt
y2
2u
xyzt
z2
(
)
k2 u xyzt
Y.S. Li ()
22 / 55
t
x
2u
xyzt
x2
2u
xyzt
y2
2u
xyzt
z2
(
)
k2 u xyzt
Y.S. Li ()
22 / 55
t
x
2u
xyzt
x2
2u
xyzt
y2
2u
xyzt
z2
(
)
k2 u xyzt
)
k2 u xyzt = xyz c u
Y.S. Li ()
22 / 55
.
u
k
2 u = 0
t
c
Y.S. Li ()
23 / 55
.
u
k
2 u = 0
t
c
c
= k/c
u
2 u = 0
t
()
Y.S. Li ()
23 / 55
(
) F(x, y, z, t)
Y.S. Li ()
24 / 55
(
) F(x, y, z, t)
k2 uxyzt + F(x, y, z, t)xyzt
= xyz c u
Y.S. Li ()
24 / 55
(
) F(x, y, z, t)
k2 uxyzt + F(x, y, z, t)xyzt
= xyz c u
.
.
u
1
2 u = F(x, y, z, t) = f(x, y, z, t)
t
c
Y.S. Li ()
24 / 55
Y.S. Li ()
25 / 55
Y.S. Li ()
25 / 55
Y.S. Li ()
25 / 55
u
D2 u = f(x, y, z, t)
t
u(x, y, z, t) D
f(x, y, z, t)
Y.S. Li ()
26 / 55
.
u
1
2 u = F(x, y, z, t) = f(x, y, z, t)
c
.t
Y.S. Li ()
27 / 55
.
u
1
2 u = F(x, y, z, t) = f(x, y, z, t)
c
.t
Poisson
2 u =
Y.S. Li ()
27 / 55
.
u
1
2 u = F(x, y, z, t) = f(x, y, z, t)
c
.t
f = 0Laplace
2 u = 0
Poisson
2 u =
Y.S. Li ()
27 / 55
.
u
1
2 u = F(x, y, z, t) = f(x, y, z, t)
c
.t
f = 0Laplace
2 u = 0
Poisson
2 u =
Y.S. Li ()
27 / 55
.
Gauss
.
0
0 (
E=
)
.
Y.S. Li ()
28 / 55
.
Gauss
.
0
0 (
E=
.
E = u
.
)
.
Y.S. Li ()
28 / 55
.
Gauss
.
0
0 (
E=
.
E = u
.
)
.
Poisson
2 u =
Y.S. Li ()
28 / 55
.
Gauss
.
0
0 (
E=
.
E = u
.
)
.
Poisson
2 u =
0 Laplace
2 u(x, y, z) = 0
.
Y.S. Li ()
28 / 55
.
.
2u
a2 2 u = 0
t2
Y.S. Li ()
29 / 55
.
.
2u
a2 2 u = 0
t2
u(x, y, z, t)
u(x, y, z, t) = v(x, y, z)eit
Y.S. Li ()
29 / 55
2u
a2 2 u = 0
t2
u(x, y, z, t)
u(x, y, z, t) = v(x, y, z)eit
v(x, y, z) Helmholtz
2 v(x, y, z) + k2 v(x, y, z) = 0
k = /a
Y.S. Li ()
29 / 55
()
Poisson
Laplace
Helmholtz
Y.S. Li ()
30 / 55
()
Poisson
Laplace
Helmholtz
Y.S. Li ()
30 / 55
()
Poisson
Laplace
Helmholtz
Y.S. Li ()
30 / 55
()
Poisson
Laplace
Helmholtz
Y.S. Li ()
30 / 55
()
Poisson
Laplace
Helmholtz
Y.S. Li ()
30 / 55
()
Poisson
Laplace
Helmholtz
Y.S. Li ()
30 / 55
()
Poisson
Laplace
Helmholtz
Y.S. Li ()
30 / 55
()
Poisson
Laplace
Helmholtz
Y.S. Li ()
30 / 55
Y.S. Li ()
31 / 55
Y.S. Li ()
31 / 55
Newton
Y.S. Li ()
32 / 55
Newton
Y.S. Li ()
32 / 55
Y.S. Li ()
33 / 55
2 u(x, y)
=0
x2
( c1 (y) c2 (y) y )
u(x, y) = c1 (y) + xc2 (y)
.
Y.S. Li ()
33 / 55
Y.S. Li ()
34 / 55
Y.S. Li ()
34 / 55
t > 0
Y.S. Li ()
34 / 55
t > 0
Y.S. Li ()
34 / 55
Y.S. Li ()
35 / 55
(t = 0
)
Y.S. Li ()
35 / 55
(
)
ut=0
= (x, y, z)
u
= (x, y, z)
t t=0
(x, y, z) V
Y.S. Li ()
36 / 55
(
)
ut=0
= (x, y, z)
u
= (x, y, z)
t t=0
(x, y, z) V
u(x, y, z, t) t
ut=0 = (x, y, z)
(x, y, z) V
Y.S. Li ()
36 / 55
Y.S. Li ()
37 / 55
Y.S. Li ()
37 / 55
(t 0)
Y.S. Li ()
37 / 55
ux=0 = 0
u = 0
t0
x=l
Y.S. Li ()
38 / 55
.
x = 0 x = 0
ux=0 = 0
Y.S. Li ()
39 / 55
.
(x = l) x
F(t)
P (l , t ) S
FS
x = l
x=l
Y.S. Li ()
40 / 55
.
(x = l) x
F(t)
P (l , t ) S
FS
x = l
x=l
.
x = l
Newton
S
2 u
= F(t)S P(l , t)S
t2 x=l
0 1
.
Y.S. Li ()
40 / 55
.
(x = l) x
F(t)
P (l , t ) S
FS
x = l
x=l
.
2 u
S 2
= F(t)S P(l , t)S
t x=l
0
P(l, t) = F(t)
.
Y.S. Li ()
40 / 55
.
(x = l) x
F(t)
P (l , t ) S
FS
x = l
x=l
.
P(l, t) = F(t)
+
P=E
=
u
x
u
x
=
x=l
.
Y.S. Li ()
1
F(t)
E
.
40 / 55
.
.
u
1
= F(t)
x x=l E
Y.S. Li ()
41 / 55
.
.
u
1
= F(t)
x x=l E
0x = l
u
=0
x
x=l
Y.S. Li ()
41 / 55
u
1
= F(t)
x x=l E
F(t)
[
]
F(t) = k u(l, t) u0
k
[
u
k
+ u
x E
]
=
x=l
k
u0
E
.
Y.S. Li ()
41 / 55
u = (, t)
Y.S. Li ()
42 / 55
Y.S. Li ()
43 / 55
0
.
Y.S. Li ()
43 / 55
u
1
= (, t)
n
k
Y.S. Li ()
43 / 55
.
u
1
= (, t)
n
k
n
n
=n
n
u
= n (u)
n
Y.S. Li ()
44 / 55
.
u
1
= (, t)
n
k
u
1
= (, t)
n
k
Y.S. Li ()
44 / 55
.
u
1
= (, t)
n
k
.
0
u
=0
n
Y.S. Li ()
44 / 55
.
u
1
= (, t)
n
k
.
Newton
u| u0
( H)
]
[
)
(
u
u
+ hu = hu0
k = H u u0
n
n
Y.S. Li ()
44 / 55
u = (, t)
Y.S. Li ()
45 / 55
u = (, t)
Y.S. Li ()
45 / 55
u = (, t)
u
= f(, t)
n
Y.S. Li ()
45 / 55
u = (, t)
u
=0
n
Y.S. Li ()
45 / 55
u = (, t)
u
= f(, t)
n
Y.S. Li ()
45 / 55
u = (, t)
u
= f(, t)
n
Y.S. Li ()
45 / 55
Newton
u = (, t)
u
= f(, t)
n
[
]
u
+ hu = f(, t)
n
Y.S. Li ()
45 / 55
Newton
u = (, t)
u
= f(, t)
n
[
]
u
+ hu = f(, t)
n
Y.S. Li ()
45 / 55
Y.S. Li ()
46 / 55
Y.S. Li ()
46 / 55
Y.S. Li ()
46 / 55
Y.S. Li ()
46 / 55
+ y = 0
Y.S. Li ()
47 / 55
+ y = 0
y x=0 = yx=0 = 0
Y.S. Li ()
47 / 55
+ y = 0
y x=0 = yx=0 = 0
yx=0 = yx= = 0
y = C sin x
Y.S. Li ()
47 / 55
+ y = 0
y x=0 = yx=0 = 0
yx=0 = yx= = 0
y = C sin x
Y.S. Li ()
47 / 55
Y.S. Li ()
48 / 55
Y.S. Li ()
48 / 55
Y.S. Li ()
48 / 55
Y.S. Li ()
48 / 55
Y.S. Li ()
48 / 55
Y.S. Li ()
48 / 55
Y.S. Li ()
49 / 55
Y.S. Li ()
50 / 55
Y.S. Li ()
50 / 55
Y.S. Li ()
50 / 55
Y.S. Li ()
50 / 55
Y.S. Li ()
50 / 55
Y.S. Li ()
50 / 55
Y.S. Li ()
50 / 55
.
.
Y.S. Li ()
51 / 55
.
.
( t = 0)
t 0
Y.S. Li ()
51 / 55
Y.S. Li ()
52 / 55
.
= f(, t)
u(x,
y,
z,
t)
.
u(x,
y,
z,
t)
= (x, y, z)
t=0
.
Y.S. Li ()
52 / 55
.
= f(, t)
u(x,
y,
z,
t)
.
u(x,
y,
z,
t)
= (x, y, z)
t=0
.
f(, t)t=0 = (x, y, z)
Y.S. Li ()
52 / 55
(x, y, z) ( u0 )
u0
u(x, y, z, t) = u0
Y.S. Li ()
53 / 55
2
u 2u
+ 2 = 0,
x2
y
u
=
yy=l = 0,
y=0
u
=
= 0,
x=0
x x=0
Y.S. Li ()
54 / 55
2
u 2u
+ 2 = 0,
x2
y
u
=
yy=l = 0,
y=0
u
=
= 0,
x=0
x x=0
u(x, y) = 0
Y.S. Li ()
54 / 55
2
u 2u
+ 2 = 0,
x2
y
u
=
yy=l = 0,
y=0
u
=
= 0,
x=0
x x=0
u(x, y) = 0
u
l
n
=
sin
y n
x=0
n
l
Y.S. Li ()
54 / 55
u(x, y) =
n
l
n
sin
ycosh
x,
n
l
l
0 y l, x 0
Y.S. Li ()
55 / 55
u(x, y) =
n
l
n
sin
ycosh
x,
n
l
l
0 y l, x 0
Y.S. Li ()
55 / 55
u(x, y) =
n
l
n
sin
ycosh
x,
n
l
l
0 y l, x 0
2
u 2u
+ 2 = 0,
x2
y
u y=0 = yy=l = 0,
u
= 0,
=
x=0
x x=a
Y.S. Li ()
55 / 55