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Y.S. Li ()

1 / 55

Y.S. Li ()

2 / 55

Laplace Poisson

Maxwell
Schrdinger Dirac
NavierStockes Euler
Saint-Venant

Y.S. Li ()

2 / 55

Laplace Poisson

Maxwell
Schrdinger Dirac
NavierStockes Euler
Saint-Venant
() ()

Y.S. Li ()

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Y.S. Li ()

3 / 55

Y.S. Li ()

4 / 55

x x = 0 x = l

Y.S. Li ()

4 / 55

x x = 0 x = l
u(x, t) x t ()
dx ()

Y.S. Li ()

4 / 55

x x = 0 x = l
u(x, t) x t ()
dx ()

x x + dx

Y.S. Li ()

4 / 55

Y.S. Li ()

5 / 55

Y.S. Li ()

5 / 55

(T sin )x+ dx (T sin )x =

dm

2u
t2

(T cos )x+ dx (T cos )x = 0


.

Y.S. Li ()

5 / 55

(T sin )x+ dx (T sin )x = dm


(T cos )x+ dx (T cos )x = 0

Y.S. Li ()

2u
t2

6 / 55

(T sin )x+ dx (T sin )x = dm


(T cos )x+ dx (T cos )x = 0

2u
t2

x + dx x
u(x + dx, t) u(x, t) dx

u
1
x

Y.S. Li ()

6 / 55

(T sin )x+ dx (T sin )x = dm


(T cos )x+ dx (T cos )x = 0

2u
t2

x + dx x
u(x + dx, t) u(x, t) dx

u
1
x

sin tan =
cos 1

Y.S. Li ()

u
x

6 / 55

(T sin )x+ dx (T sin )x = dm


(T cos )x+ dx (T cos )x = 0

u
1
x

cos 1

2u
t2

sin tan =
cos 1

u
x

(T)x+ dx (T)x = 0

T x

Y.S. Li ()

6 / 55

(T sin )x+ dx (T sin )x = dm


(T cos )x+ dx (T cos )x = 0

u
1
x
2u
dx 2 = T
t

sin tan =

=
[(

u
x

cos 1

x+ dx

u
x

u
x

) ]
=T
x

Y.S. Li ()

2u
t2

2u
dx
x2

6 / 55

2u
2u

T
=0
x2
t2

()

Y.S. Li ()

7 / 55

2u
2u

T
=0
x2
t2

()

a = T/

Y.S. Li ()

7 / 55

2u
2u

T
=0
x2
t2

()

a = T/

2
2u
2 u

a
=0
x2
t2

Y.S. Li ()

7 / 55

T t

Y.S. Li ()

8 / 55

T t

ds dx =
du2 + dx2 dx

( )2
( ( )2 )
u
u
1 dx = O
= 1+
x
x

Y.S. Li ()

8 / 55

T t

ds dx =
du2 + dx2 dx

( )2
( ( )2 )
u
u
1 dx = O
= 1+
x
x
u/x ()
Hooke T

Y.S. Li ()

8 / 55

2u
2u

T
=0
x2
t2

T t
T x

Y.S. Li ()

9 / 55

2u
2u

T
=0
x2
t2

T t
T x
T

Y.S. Li ()

9 / 55

( u )
F(x)
dx

2u
2u
=
T
dx + F(x) dx
x2
t2

Y.S. Li ()

10 / 55

( u )
F(x)
dx

2u
2u
=
T
dx + F(x) dx
x2
t2

2u
2u
a2 2 = f(x)
2
x
t
f(x) =

F(x)

Y.S. Li ()

10 / 55

P ( x, t ) S

()

P ( x + dx , t ) S

x + dx

Y.S. Li ()

u + du

11 / 55

P ( x, t ) S

()

P ( x + dx , t ) S

x + dx

u + du

(x, x + dx) x
P(x, t)S x + dx P(x + dx, t)S

Y.S. Li ()

11 / 55

P ( x, t ) S

()

P ( x + dx , t ) S

x + dx

u + du

Newton
dm

2u
= [P(x + dx, t) P(x, t)] S
t2
.

Y.S. Li ()

11 / 55

dm

2u
= [P(x + dx, t) P(x, t)] S
t2

Y.S. Li ()

12 / 55

dm

2u
= [P(x + dx, t) P(x, t)] S
t2

dm = S dx

2u
P
=
2
x
t

Y.S. Li ()

12 / 55

dm

2u
= [P(x + dx, t) P(x, t)] S
t2

dm = S dx

2u
P
=
2
x
t

Hooke
P

P=E

u
x

E Young

Y.S. Li ()

12 / 55

dm

2u
= [P(x + dx, t) P(x, t)] S
t2

dm = S dx

2u
P
=
2
x
t

Hooke
P

P=E

u
x

E Young
2
2u
2 u

a
=0
x2
t2

a =

Y.S. Li ()

12 / 55

2
2u
2 u

a
=0
x2
t2

Y.S. Li ()

13 / 55

2
2u
2 u

a
=0
x2
t2

]
[ 2
2u 2u
2u
2 u
+
+
=0

a
x2
y2
z2
t2

Y.S. Li ()

13 / 55

[ 2
]
2u
2u 2u
2 u
a
+ 2 + 2 =0
x2
y
z
t2

Y.S. Li ()

14 / 55

[ 2
]
2u
2u 2u
2 u
a
+ 2 + 2 =0
x2
y
z
t2

Laplace
2

2
2
2
+
+
=
x2 y2 z2

Y.S. Li ()

14 / 55

[ 2
]
2u
2u 2u
2 u
a
+ 2 + 2 =0
x2
y
z
t2

Laplace
2

2
2
2
+
+
=
x2 y2 z2

2u
a2 2 u = 0
t2

Y.S. Li ()

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Y.S. Li ()

15 / 55

Fourier

Y.S. Li ()

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Fourier

(x, y, z, t)u(x, y, z, t)
(x, y, z) t

Y.S. Li ()

16 / 55


Fourier

(x, y, z, t)u(x, y, z, t)
(x, y, z) t
x x

Y.S. Li ()

16 / 55


Fourier

x x

.
Theorem ( Fourier )
.
x q

q = k

u
x

q. k

Y.S. Li ()

16 / 55


Fourier

q = k

u
x

Y.S. Li ()

17 / 55


Fourier

q = k

u
x

Y.S. Li ()

17 / 55


Fourier

q = k

u
x

k
u

Y.S. Li ()

17 / 55


Fourier

q = k

u
x

k
u
k u

Y.S. Li ()

17 / 55


Fourier

q = k

u
x

k
u
k u
u

Y.S. Li ()

17 / 55


Fourier

q = k

u
x

k
u
k u
u

Y.S. Li ()

17 / 55

qx = k

u
,
x

qy = k

u
,
y

qz = k

u
z

q = ku

q u

Y.S. Li ()

18 / 55

qx = k

u
,
x

qy = k

u
,
y

qz = k

u
z

q = ku

q u

Y.S. Li ()

18 / 55

t x
[
]
(qx )x (qx )x+ dx yzt
[(
)
(
) ]
u
u
=
k
k
yzt
x x+ dx
x x
=k

2u
xyzt
x2

Y.S. Li ()

19 / 55

t y
[( )
]
( )
qy y qy y+ dy xzt
[(
)
(
) ]
u
u
=
k
k
xzt
y y+ dy
y y
=k

2u
xyzt
y2

Y.S. Li ()

20 / 55

t z
[
]
(qz )z (qz )z+ dz xyt
[(
)
(
)]
u
u
=
k
k
xyt
z z+ dz
z z
=k

2u
xyzt
z2

Y.S. Li ()

21 / 55

t
x

2u
xyzt
x2

2u
xyzt
y2

2u
xyzt
z2
(
)
k2 u xyzt

Y.S. Li ()

22 / 55

t
x

2u
xyzt
x2

2u
xyzt
y2

2u
xyzt
z2
(
)
k2 u xyzt

Y.S. Li ()

22 / 55

t
x

2u
xyzt
x2

2u
xyzt
y2

2u
xyzt
z2
(
)
k2 u xyzt

)
k2 u xyzt = xyz c u

Y.S. Li ()

22 / 55

.
u
k
2 u = 0
t
c

Y.S. Li ()

23 / 55

.
u
k
2 u = 0
t
c

c
= k/c
u
2 u = 0
t
()

Y.S. Li ()

23 / 55

(
) F(x, y, z, t)

Y.S. Li ()

24 / 55

(
) F(x, y, z, t)
k2 uxyzt + F(x, y, z, t)xyzt
= xyz c u

Y.S. Li ()

24 / 55

(
) F(x, y, z, t)
k2 uxyzt + F(x, y, z, t)xyzt
= xyz c u
.
.

u
1
2 u = F(x, y, z, t) = f(x, y, z, t)
t
c

Y.S. Li ()

24 / 55

Y.S. Li ()

25 / 55

Y.S. Li ()

25 / 55

Y.S. Li ()

25 / 55

u
D2 u = f(x, y, z, t)
t
u(x, y, z, t) D
f(x, y, z, t)

Y.S. Li ()

26 / 55

.
u
1
2 u = F(x, y, z, t) = f(x, y, z, t)
c
.t

Y.S. Li ()

27 / 55

.
u
1
2 u = F(x, y, z, t) = f(x, y, z, t)
c
.t

Poisson
2 u =

Y.S. Li ()

27 / 55

.
u
1
2 u = F(x, y, z, t) = f(x, y, z, t)
c
.t

f = 0Laplace

2 u = 0

Poisson
2 u =

Y.S. Li ()

27 / 55

.
u
1
2 u = F(x, y, z, t) = f(x, y, z, t)
c
.t

f = 0Laplace

2 u = 0

Poisson
2 u =

Y.S. Li ()

27 / 55

.
Gauss
.

0
0 (
E=

)
.

Y.S. Li ()

28 / 55

.
Gauss
.

0
0 (
E=

.
E = u
.

)
.

Y.S. Li ()

28 / 55

.
Gauss
.

0
0 (
E=

.
E = u
.

)
.
Poisson
2 u =

Y.S. Li ()

28 / 55

.
Gauss
.

0
0 (
E=

.
E = u
.

)
.
Poisson
2 u =

0 Laplace
2 u(x, y, z) = 0
.

Y.S. Li ()

28 / 55

.
.

2u
a2 2 u = 0
t2

Y.S. Li ()

29 / 55

.
.

2u
a2 2 u = 0
t2

u(x, y, z, t)
u(x, y, z, t) = v(x, y, z)eit

Y.S. Li ()

29 / 55

2u
a2 2 u = 0
t2

u(x, y, z, t)
u(x, y, z, t) = v(x, y, z)eit
v(x, y, z) Helmholtz
2 v(x, y, z) + k2 v(x, y, z) = 0
k = /a

Y.S. Li ()

29 / 55

()

Poisson
Laplace
Helmholtz

Y.S. Li ()

30 / 55

()

Poisson
Laplace
Helmholtz

Y.S. Li ()

30 / 55

()

Poisson
Laplace
Helmholtz

Y.S. Li ()

30 / 55

()

Poisson
Laplace

Helmholtz

Y.S. Li ()

30 / 55

()

Poisson
Laplace

Helmholtz

Y.S. Li ()

30 / 55

()

Poisson
Laplace

Helmholtz

Y.S. Li ()

30 / 55

()

Poisson
Laplace
Helmholtz

Y.S. Li ()

30 / 55

()

Poisson
Laplace
Helmholtz

Y.S. Li ()

30 / 55

Y.S. Li ()

31 / 55

Y.S. Li ()

31 / 55

Newton

Y.S. Li ()

32 / 55

Newton

Y.S. Li ()

32 / 55

Y.S. Li ()

33 / 55

2 u(x, y)
=0
x2
( c1 (y) c2 (y) y )
u(x, y) = c1 (y) + xc2 (y)
.

Y.S. Li ()

33 / 55

Y.S. Li ()

34 / 55

Y.S. Li ()

34 / 55

t > 0

Y.S. Li ()

34 / 55

t > 0

Y.S. Li ()

34 / 55

Y.S. Li ()

35 / 55

(t = 0
)

Y.S. Li ()

35 / 55

(
)


u t=0
= (x, y, z)
u
= (x, y, z)
t t=0

(x, y, z) V

Y.S. Li ()

36 / 55

(
)


u t=0
= (x, y, z)
u
= (x, y, z)
t t=0

(x, y, z) V

u(x, y, z, t) t


u t=0 = (x, y, z)

(x, y, z) V

Y.S. Li ()

36 / 55

Y.S. Li ()

37 / 55

Y.S. Li ()

37 / 55

(t 0)

Y.S. Li ()

37 / 55


u x=0 = 0

u = 0

t0

x=l

Y.S. Li ()

38 / 55

.
x = 0 x = 0

u x=0 = 0

Y.S. Li ()

39 / 55

.
(x = l) x
F(t)

P (l , t ) S

FS
x = l

x=l

Y.S. Li ()

40 / 55

.
(x = l) x
F(t)

P (l , t ) S

FS
x = l

x=l

.
x = l
Newton
S


2 u
= F(t)S P(l , t)S
t2 x=l

0 1
.

Y.S. Li ()

40 / 55

.
(x = l) x
F(t)

P (l , t ) S

FS
x = l

x=l

.

2 u
S 2
= F(t)S P(l , t)S
t x=l
0
P(l, t) = F(t)
.

Y.S. Li ()

40 / 55

.
(x = l) x
F(t)

P (l , t ) S

FS
x = l

x=l

.
P(l, t) = F(t)
+
P=E

=
u
x


u

x

=
x=l
.

Y.S. Li ()

1
F(t)
E
.

40 / 55

.
.


u
1
= F(t)

x x=l E

Y.S. Li ()

41 / 55

.
.


u
1
= F(t)

x x=l E

0x = l

u
=0
x
x=l

Y.S. Li ()

41 / 55


u
1
= F(t)

x x=l E

F(t)

[
]
F(t) = k u(l, t) u0
k
[

u
k
+ u
x E

]
=
x=l

k
u0
E
.

Y.S. Li ()

41 / 55


u = (, t)

Y.S. Li ()

42 / 55

Y.S. Li ()

43 / 55

0
.

Y.S. Li ()

43 / 55


u
1
= (, t)
n
k

Y.S. Li ()

43 / 55

.

u
1
= (, t)
n
k

n
n

=n
n

u
= n (u)
n

Y.S. Li ()

44 / 55

.

u
1
= (, t)
n
k


u
1
= (, t)

n
k

Y.S. Li ()

44 / 55

.

u
1
= (, t)
n
k

.
0
u
=0
n

Y.S. Li ()

44 / 55

.

u
1
= (, t)
n
k

.
Newton
u| u0
( H)

]
[
)
(
u
u

+ hu = hu0
k = H u u0
n
n

Y.S. Li ()

44 / 55


u = (, t)

Y.S. Li ()

45 / 55


u = (, t)

Y.S. Li ()

45 / 55


u = (, t)

u
= f(, t)
n

Y.S. Li ()

45 / 55


u = (, t)

u
=0
n

Y.S. Li ()

45 / 55


u = (, t)

u
= f(, t)
n

Y.S. Li ()

45 / 55


u = (, t)
u
= f(, t)
n

Y.S. Li ()

45 / 55

Newton


u = (, t)
u
= f(, t)
n
[
]
u
+ hu = f(, t)
n

Y.S. Li ()

45 / 55

Newton


u = (, t)
u
= f(, t)
n
[
]
u
+ hu = f(, t)
n

Y.S. Li ()

45 / 55

Y.S. Li ()

46 / 55

Y.S. Li ()

46 / 55

Y.S. Li ()

46 / 55

Y.S. Li ()

46 / 55

+ y = 0

Y.S. Li ()

47 / 55

+ y = 0



y x=0 = y x=0 = 0

Y.S. Li ()

47 / 55

+ y = 0



y x=0 = y x=0 = 0



y x=0 = y x= = 0
y = C sin x

Y.S. Li ()

47 / 55

+ y = 0



y x=0 = y x=0 = 0



y x=0 = y x= = 0
y = C sin x

Y.S. Li ()

47 / 55

Y.S. Li ()

48 / 55

Y.S. Li ()

48 / 55

Y.S. Li ()

48 / 55

Y.S. Li ()

48 / 55

Y.S. Li ()

48 / 55

Y.S. Li ()

48 / 55

Y.S. Li ()

49 / 55

Y.S. Li ()

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Y.S. Li ()

50 / 55

Y.S. Li ()

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Y.S. Li ()

50 / 55

Y.S. Li ()

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Y.S. Li ()

50 / 55

Y.S. Li ()

50 / 55

.
.

Y.S. Li ()

51 / 55

.
.

( t = 0)

t 0

Y.S. Li ()

51 / 55

Y.S. Li ()

52 / 55

.

= f(, t)
u(x,
y,
z,
t)

.


u(x,
y,
z,
t)
= (x, y, z)
t=0
.

Y.S. Li ()

52 / 55

.

= f(, t)
u(x,
y,
z,
t)

.


u(x,
y,
z,
t)
= (x, y, z)
t=0
.



f(, t) t=0 = (x, y, z)

Y.S. Li ()

52 / 55

(x, y, z) ( u0 )
u0


u(x, y, z, t) = u0

Y.S. Li ()

53 / 55


2
u 2u

+ 2 = 0,

x2
y


u
=
y y=l = 0,
y=0

u
=
= 0,
x=0
x x=0

0 < y < l, x > 0


x0
0yl

Y.S. Li ()

54 / 55


2
u 2u

+ 2 = 0,

x2
y


u
=
y y=l = 0,
y=0

u
=
= 0,
x=0
x x=0

0 < y < l, x > 0


x0
0yl

u(x, y) = 0

Y.S. Li ()

54 / 55


2
u 2u

+ 2 = 0,

x2
y


u
=
y y=l = 0,
y=0

u
=
= 0,
x=0
x x=0

0 < y < l, x > 0


x0
0yl

u(x, y) = 0

u

l
n
=
sin
y n
x=0
n
l

Y.S. Li ()

54 / 55

u(x, y) =

n
l
n
sin
ycosh
x,
n
l
l

0 y l, x 0

Y.S. Li ()

55 / 55

u(x, y) =

n
l
n
sin
ycosh
x,
n
l
l

0 y l, x 0

Y.S. Li ()

55 / 55

u(x, y) =

n
l
n
sin
ycosh
x,
n
l
l

0 y l, x 0

2
u 2u

+ 2 = 0,

x2
y


u y=0 = y y=l = 0,

u
= 0,
=
x=0
x x=a

0 < y < l, x > 0


0xa
0yl
.

Y.S. Li ()

55 / 55

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