Hypothetical Syllogism Conditional, Disjunctive and Conjunctive Definition Time Hypothetical of or based on hypothesis (Hypothetical.

l.The New Lexicon Websters Encyclopedic Dictionary of the English Language.(c)1992) Statement (claim)- An assertion that something is or is not the case. (Logic. www.oup.com .Lecture Guide: The Power of Critical Thinking (2013) 4 September 2013) Premise- A statement given in support of another statement. (Logic.) Conclusion- A statement that premises are used to support.(Logic.) Argument-A group of statements in which some of them (the premises) are intended to support another of them (the conclusion).(Logic) Sublate - to negate (Sublate. Merriam-Webster.com. Merriam-Webster, 2011.Web. 4 September 2013) Logical Connectives Conditional (if-then) as in p q (If Alice rode her bike, then John walked.) v Disjunction (Either-or) as in p v q (Either Alice rode her bike, or John walked.) & Conjunction (and)as in p & q (Alice rode her bike, and John walked.) What is Hypothetical Syllogism? - a syllogism that has a hypothetical proposition as one of its premise. If p, then q. If q, then r. Therefore, if p, then r. - Example: (Conditional) If Bugoy steals the money, he will go to jail. If Bugoy goes to jail, his family will suffer. Therefore, if Bugoy steals the money, his family will suffer. The 3 types of hypothetical syllogism Conditional Syllogism Indicator: If, then Conjunctive Syllogism Indicator: Not both, and Disjunctive Syllogism Indicator: Either, or CONDITIONAL SYLLOGISM A Conditional Syllogism is one whose major premise is a conditional proposition. 2 Types of Conditional Syllogism: 1. Mixed Conditional (the minor premise is a categorical proposition) 2. Purely conditional (both of whose premises are conditional propositions) Conditional Propositions is a compound proposition of which one member (the then clause) asserts something as true on the condition that the other member (the if clause) is true. If it is raining, the roof is wet. - The if clause or its equivalent is called the antecedent. - The then clause or its equivalent is called the consequent. - Truth table for a conditional: - p q pq - T T T

- T F F - F T T - F F T Rules of the Mixed Conditional Syllogism 1. If the antecedent is true and the sequence valid, the consequent is true. 2. If the consequent is false and the sequence valid, the antecedent is false. Procedure: 1. Posit the antecedent in the minor premise and posit the consequent in the conclusion. 2. Sublate the consequent in the minor premise and sublate the antecedent in the conclusion. Example of a Valid Form Conditional Syllogism: Major Premise If your have acute appendicitis, you are very sick. Minor Premise Posit the Antecedent But you have acute appendicitis. Sublate the Consequent But you are not sick. Conclusion Posit the Consequent Therefore you are very sick. Sublate the Antecedent Therefore you do not have acute appendicitis Example of a Invalid Form Conditional Syllogism: Major Premise If your have acute appendicitis, you are very sick. Minor Premise Posit the Consequent But you are very sick. Sublate the Antecedent But you do not have acute appendicitis. Conclusion Posit the Antecedent Therefore you have acute appendicitis. Sublate the Consequent Therefore you are not very sick. Purely Conditional Syllogism The Purely Conditional Syllogism, which has conditional propositions for both its premises, has exactly the same forms and the same rules as the mixed conditional syllogism except that the condition expressed in the minor premise must be retained in the conclusion. If A is a B, then C is a D; but if X is a Y, then A is a B; therefore, if X is a Y, then C is a D. DISJUNCTIVE SYLLOGISM A Disjunctive Syllogism is one whose major premise is a disjunctive proposition, whose minor premise sublates (or posits) one or more members of the major premise, and whose conclusion posits (or sublates) the other member or members.

A Disjunctive Syllogism is one that presents various alternatives and asserts that an indeterminate one of them is true. It consists of two or more members joined by the conjunctions either or. It is sometimes called an alternative proposition. 2 Kinds of Disjunctive Syllogism: 1. Strict Disjunctive (only one member is true and the others are false. If all the members except one are false, the remaining member must be true; and if one is true, the remaining members must be false). 2. Broad Disjunctive (at least one member is true but more than one may be true). Truth table for a disjunctive p q pvq T T T T F T F T T F F F Rules for Disjunctive Syllogism: 1. If the minor premise posits one or more members of the major premise, the conclusion must sublate each of the other members. It is either raining or not raining; but it is raining; therefore it is not not raining. It is either raining or not raining; but it is not raining; therefore it is not raining. 2. If the minor premise sublates one or more of the members of the major premise, the conclusion posits the remaining members, one of which must be true. If more than one member remains, the conclusion must be a disjunctive in the strict sense. It is either raining or not raining; but it is not raining; therefore it is not raining. It is either raining or not raining; but it is not raining; therefore it is raining. Broad Disjunctive In a Broad Disjunctive Syllogism, the major premise is a disjunctive proposition in a broad or improper sense. There is only one valid procedure: to sublate one (or more but not all) of the members in the minor and posit the remaining member (or members) in the conclusion. It is either A, or B, or C, or D at least one of them; but it is either A nor B; therefore it is either C or D at least one of them. CONJUNCTIVE SYLLOGISM A Conjunctive Syllogism is one whose major premise is a conjunctive proposition, whose minor premise posits one or more members of the major premise, and whose conclusion sublates the other member of the major premise. A Conjunctive Syllogism is one that denies the simultaneous possibility of two alternatives. A thing cannot both be and not be in the same respect Rules for Conjunctive Syllogism: 1. Posit one member in the major premise and sublate the other in the conclusion. He cannot be in Manila and Cebu at the same time;

but he is now in Manila; therefore he cannot now be in Cebu. Truth table for a conjunctive p q p&q T T T T F F F T F F F F