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Q1. You wash and dry your hair, then comb it with a plastic comb. As you move the comb away from your head
some hairs are attracted to the comb.
(a) What has happened to the comb to make it attract the hairs?
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(1)
(b) If the comb is now held above some small pieces of dry tissue paper what is likely to happen?
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(1)
(c) If you rub your hands all over the comb it will no longer attract your hair.
Explain why.
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(2)
Q2. A student did an experiment with two strips of polythene. She held the
strips together at one end. She rubbed down one strip with a dry cloth.
Then she rubbed down the other strip with the dry cloth. Still holding the
top ends together, she held up the strips.
(2)
(a) When end C was brought near to end B they attracted each other.
Q4. During car journeys, the driver will often become electrostatically charged.
This is more noticeable on dry days than on damp, humid days.
(a) Explain what happens to cause the driver to become charged.
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(2)
(b) Scientists were asked to find out whether the build-up of charge on the driver depends on the type of
material used to make the drivers clothes. The results of the investigation are given in the table.
Material
Humidity
Temperature in C
Nylon
48%
18
3.0 to 3.2
Wool
48%
18
2.4 to 2.5
Cotton
48%
18
1.4 to 1.7
Humidity is a measure of how much water vapour the air can hold.
(i) Why was it important that the scientists controlled the humidity?
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(1)
(ii) Does the data in the table show that the charge on the driver would always be less if they were
to wear cotton clothing?
Give a reason for your answer.
...........................................................................................................................
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(1)
(Total 4 marks)
Q5. (a) Complete the sentence below to name the instrument used to measure electrical current.
The instrument used to measure electrical current is called ......................................
(1)
(b) In the diagram below each box contains an electrical
component or a circuit symbol.
Draw straight lines to link each electrical component
to its circuit symbol. The first one has been done for
you.
(4)
(Total 5 marks)
Q6. (a) The diagram shows the circuit used by a student to measure the power of a filament lamp.
Voltmeter
reading in
volts
0.10
1.0
0.15
2.0
0.20
4.0
0.25
7.0
0.30
11.0
(i) Which one of the following components did the student add to the circuit?
Draw a ring around your answer.
fuse switch variable resistor
(1)
(ii) What is the range of ammeter readings taken by the student?
from .............................. amps to .............................. amps
(1)
(iii) Use the data in the table and the equation in the box to calculate the maximum power of the
filament lamp.
remains constant
decreases
(1)
(Total 7 marks)
Q7. A small torch uses a single cell to make the bulb light up.
(a) Label the symbol for a cell and the symbol for a bulb (lamp)
(2)
(b) The graphs show the voltage across two different types of cell as they transfer the last bit of their
stored energy through the torch bulb.
Describe the differences that the graphs show between the two types of cell.
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(3)
(c) The diagram shows how bright the torch bulb is for different voltages.
From the point when the voltage of each cell starts to fall, how long will the bulb stay lit:
(i) with the ordinary cell?
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(ii) with the nicad cell?
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(4)
(Total 9 marks)
Q8. The picture shows an advert for an electric mobility scooter.
(1)
(b) At 2.5 m/s on flat ground, the motor takes a current of 3.0 A from the batteries.
(i) Explain why a bigger current is taken from the batteries when the scooter is going uphill at 2.5
m/s.
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(2)
(ii) What effect does travelling uphill have on the range of the scooter?
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(1)
(c) The mass of the scooter driver is 80 kg.
Use the equation in the box to calculate the kinetic energy of the scooter and driver when they are
travelling at maximum speed.
Use the following equation to calculate the efficiency of the hairdrier in transferring electrical energy into
heat energy.
efficiency =
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Efficiency = ..............................
(2)
(d) One kilowatt-hour of electricity costs 6p. Use the following equation to calculate how much it will cost
to use the hairdrier for 10 minutes.
cost of electricity = energy transferred price per unit
......................................................................................................................................
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Cost = .............................
(2)
(Total 9 marks)
Q11. The circuit diagram below shows a circuit used to supply electrical energy to the two headlights of a car.
The current through the filament of one car headlight is 3.0 A. The
potential difference across each of the two headlights is 12 V.
Answer ............................. W
(2)
(c) Calculate the power supplied to the two headlights of the car.
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Answer ............................ W
(2)
(d) The fully charged car battery can deliver 72 kJ of energy at 12 V. How long can the battery keep the
headlights fully on?
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Answer .............................. s
(2)
(Total 7 marks)
Q12. (a) An adaptor can be used to connect up to four appliances in parallel to one 230 V mains socket. The
adaptor is fitted with a 13 A fuse. The table gives a list of appliances and the current they draw
from a mains socket.
Appliance
Current
computer
1A
hairdryer
4A
heater
8A
iron
6A
television
2A
(i) What current will flow to the adaptor when the television, computer and hairdryer are plugged
into the adaptor?
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Current = .................................. A
(1)
(ii) Write down the equation which links current, electrical power and voltage.
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(1)
(iii) Calculate the electrical power used when the television, computer and hairdryer are plugged
into the adaptor. Show clearly how you work out your answer and give the unit.
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Electrical power = ......................................
(2)
(iv) What would happen to the fuse if the heater is also plugged into the adaptor?
Give a reason for your answer.
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(2)
(b) The diagram shows two of the appliances.
(i) For safety reasons, it is important that the iron has an earth wire connected to its outer metal
case. Explain why.
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(2)
(ii) The hairdryer does not have an earth wire. It is safe to use because it is double insulated.
Explain what the term double insulated means.
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(2)
(Total 10 marks)
Q13. The diagrams show a hair-dryer and the circuit inside the hair-dryer.
(a) Switches S1, S2 and S3 are all shown in the OFF position.
Which switch or switches have to be ON to make:
(i) only the fan work? ............................................................................................
(ii) both heaters work? ............................................................................................
(2)
(b) (i) What happens to the current in the circuit when the heaters are switched on?
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(ii) Suggest why it is important to have the fan working when the heaters are switched on.
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(3)
(c) This hair-dryer has a plastic case. It is connected to a mains socket by a 3-pin plug.
The cable connecting the hair-dryer to the plug contains only two wires.
(i) Which number tells us how fast the hair-dryer uses energy?
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(ii) On what else does the energy used by the hair-dryer depend?
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(2)
(Total 12 marks)
Q14. Carefully read the following extract from a safety leaflet. Then answer the questions.
An RCD adaptor is an automatic safety switch. It should be used when there is a
particular risk of electric shock. For example, it is recommended that it is used with an
electric lawnmower.
Inside one make of RCD is an electromagnet that holds the switch closed so that the
RCD is switched on. An electronic circuit in the RCD monitors the difference between
the current in the live wire and the current in the neutral wire.
If something goes wrong and this difference is greater than 30 milliamps then the RCD
will trip (= switch off) within 40 milliseconds.
(a) Suggest two reasons why there is a particular risk of an electric shock when using an electric lawnmower.
1. ................................................................................................................................
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2. .................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................. (2)
(b) Why will there be a difference between the current in the live wire and the current in the neutral wire if
something goes wrong?
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(c) (i) Use the words charge, current and time to write an equation which shows the relationship between
them.
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(1)
(ii) Calculate how much charge flows when a current of 30 milliamps passes
for 40 milliseconds.
Clearly show how you get to your answer and give the unit.
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Charge = .....................................................
(3)
(Total 7 marks)
(a) Calculate the resistance of the filament whilst the lamp is drawing the maximum current.
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(3)
(b) Describe how the resistance of the lamp changes after the current has reached its maximum value.
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(2)
(c) Calculate the maximum power taken by the lamp.
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(2)
(d) Calculate the power of the lamp in normal use.
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(2)
(e) Calculate the energy used by the lamp in six hours of normal use.
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(3)
(Total 12 marks)
(4)
(b) The pictures show mains electricity being used to operate various devices.
Some of the pictures show the electricity being used in a dangerous way.
(i) Complete the table to show which size fuse, 3 A or 13 A, should be fitted to each of the
appliances.
Appliance
Kettle
Hair straighteners
Coffee maker
Power
Fuse
2200 W
75 W
1260 W
(2)
(ii) The plug of a washing machine has been wrongly fitted with a 3 A fuse.
Explain why the washing machine stops working shortly after it is switched on.
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(2)
(b) Complete these two sentences.
In the UK, the mains electricity supply is ............................................... volts.
The frequency of the UK mains electricity supply is ............................. hertz.
(2)
(c) The diagram shows the oscilloscope traces produced by four different electricity supplies. The settings
on the oscilloscope remained the same for each supply.
(i) Why does the hairdryer not need a cable with an earth wire?
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(1)
(ii) The hairdryer takes a current of 5 A from the 230 V mains electricity supply.
Calculate the power of the hairdryer.
Write down the equation you use, and then show clearly how you work out your answer.
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Power = ............................................................. W
(2)
(Total 12 marks)
Trace A shows how the potential difference between the live and neutral
terminals of an electricity supply changes with time.
(a) Describe how the potential of the live terminal varies with respect to
the neutral terminal of the electricity supply.
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.................................................................................................................................. (2)
(b) What does trace B show?
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.................................................................................................................................... (1)
(c) Each horizontal division on the oscilloscope represents 0.005 s.
(i) What is the period of this electricity supply?
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Period = .................................. seconds
(1)
Describe three examples of dangerous practice in the use of mains electricity in this bathroom.
1. ................................................................................................................................
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2. ................................................................................................................................
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3. ................................................................................................................................
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(3)
(b) In the table below three electrical appliances are listed with their power ratings and the number of
hours they are used each week.
ELECTRICAL
APPLIANCE
POWER RATINGS
(W)
TV
200
35
Kettle
2000
Toaster
1000
Cooker
11 500
k Wh USED
EACH WEEK
(i) Complete the table by inserting the number of kWh used by each appliance each week.
(ii) Which appliance would cost the least to run per week?
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(iii) The cost of running a toaster is 8p per week. How much does it cost to run the kettle each
week?
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(6)
(Total 9 marks)
(ii) The table gives the maximum current that can safely pass through electric cables of different
cross-sectional area.
Cross-sectional area
2
in mm
Maximum safe
current in amps
1.0
11.5
2.5
20.0
4.0
27.0
6.0
34.0
10.0
46.0
16.0
62.0
The existing power sockets in the house are wired to the mains electricity supply using 2.5
2
mm cable.
Use the data in the table to explain why the shower must not be connected to the mains
2
electricity supply using 2.5 mm cable.
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(2)
(iii) The circuit connecting the shower to the mains electricity supply must include a residual current
circuit breaker (RCCB) and not a fuse.
Give two advantages of using a RCCB to protect a circuit rather than a fuse.
1 ............................................................................................................
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2 ............................................................................................................
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(2)
(Total 9 marks)