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"
'c# at# c tb dt
"
"
"
'c# t# dt c 3 'c# t dt
"
c#
"
"
" ' t# dt c 3 '
t# dt c 3 1
3 !
#
!
"
3
2)
"
1 c 3 (c3 b
3
$
"
3
"
#
3
#
(c2)
#
"
'c" akxk c 1b dx
!
'c" (cx c 1) dx b " '!" (x c 1) dx
#
!
!
"
"
c " ' x dx c " ' 1 dx b " ' x dx c " ' 1 dx
# c"
#
# !
# !
c"
"
#
(c1)
#
c"0 c
# #
0
#
c " (1 c 0)
#
c".
#
"
'"$ akxk c 1b dx # '"$ (x c 1) dx
$
$
" ' x dx c " ' 1 dx " 3 c 1 c " (3 c 1)
#
#
#
#
#
#
"
"
"
(b) av(g) 3 c 1
1.
"
4
"
4
$
'c" akxk c 1b dx
"
"
'c" akxk c 1b dx b 4 '"$ akxk c 1b dx
"
4
0
0
'c" c kxk dx 'c" c(cx) dx
0
'c" x dx 0#
(c1 b 2)
(c1)
#
c".
#
275
276
Chapter 5 Integration
"
(b) av(h) 1 c 0
0
#
c " c
#
c ".
#
"
'c" c kxk dx
0
'c" c kxk dx b '0" c kxk dx9
"
#
"
#
above).
bca
n and let ck be the right
c
n ab c a b
and ck a b kabn ab .
n
63. Consider the partition P that subdivides the interval a, b into n subintervals of width x
endpoint of each subinterval. So the partition is P a, a b
n
k"
k"
b
bca
n
bca
n ,
n
c ab c a b !
"
n
k"
#a b c a b
,
n
ab
c ab c a b
n
...,ab
64. Consider the partition P that subdivides the interval 0, 2 into n subintervals of width x
right endpoint of each subinterval. So the partition is P 0,
k"
2
n
4 an b "b
n
2
n
! 4k b 1
n
k"
...,n
8
n2
!k b
k"
2 and ck k
2
n
!1
k"
8
n2
n an b " b
#
b 2.
an b "ba#n b "b
n
#a a b c a b
n
n a n b "b
#
ab c a b
n
b
$
a
$
. Thus,
#b n b n
"b n
ab c a b
" b
'
"
ab c a b
#
'
b
x# dx b c a$ .
$
a
As n _ and mPm ! this expression has value ab c aba# b aab c ab# " b
'
na# b
ab c a b
'
b ca
n
"
bca
n
nb"
n
#a a b c a b !
k
n
k"
k"
n
ab c a b ! #
k 9
n
k"
bca ! #
a
n
k"
k"
n
4 an b " b
n
c
c
c
a, a b b c a , a b #abn ab , . . ., a b nabn ab and ck a b kabn ab .
n
n
n
#
c
b c a ! a b kabn ab bca ! a# b #akab c ab b k abnc ab
n
n
n
k"
k"
$
2
n
We get the
2k
n .
'02 a2x b 1b dx 6.
65. Consider the partition P that subdivides the interval a, b into n subintervals of width x
endpoint of each subinterval. So the partition is P
2
n
66. Consider the partition P that subdivides the interval c1, 0 into n subintervals of width x
the right endpoint of each subinterval. So the partition is P c1, c1 b
1
n,
c1 b 2
1
n,
k"
2
n
2
n
2
n,
#
"
2
n,
2c0
n
0 c ac 1 b
n
. . ., c1 b n
1
n
1
n
and let ck be
0 and
1
n
k"
n
k"
2
c1 b k . We get the Riemann sum ! fack bx ! c1 b k c c1 b k
n
n
n
k
n
c1b
! c1 b
k"
3 an b " b
2n
c2 b
1
n
ck c1 b k
c k c2 !1 b
n
n
2k
n
k"
an b "ba#n b "b
.
'n 2
3
n2
!k c
1
n3
k"
! k2 c 2 n b
n
k"
3
n2
n an b " b
#
'c01 ax c x# bdx c 5 .
6
3
2
c
c
1
n3
3
n
! 3 c
18k
n
k"
18 c
3
n
36an b "b
n
c1 b
27k2
n2
b
b
3k
n .
c1 b 2
k"
n
3
n,
k"
b2c
6k
n
b 1
18
n
!1 c
k"
72
n2
!k b
k"
81
n3
! k2
k"
18
n
nc
3
n,
3k 2
n
72
n2
1
n
c 5 . Thus,
6
1
3
67. Consider the partition P that subdivides the interval c1, 2 into n subintervals of width x
2 c ac 1 b
n
. . ., c1 b n
c 2c1 b
n an b " b
#
277
3
n
3k
n
81
n3
3
n
and let ck be
2 and
b 1
3
n
68. Consider the partition P that subdivides the interval c1, 1 into n subintervals of width x
! c1 b
k"
6k
n
c2 n b
n
12
n
c2 b 6
"b n
"
12k2
n2
n an b " b
#
24
n
c4
"
'c1 x3 dx 0.
c1 b 2
8k3
n3
#b n b n
"
$
2
n
2k
n .
c1 b
2
n
#
"
ck c1 b k
k"
k"
2
6
n c! 1 b n ! k c
b4
" b 2 b n12
n
1
16
n4
12
n2
n nb
a # "b
! k2 b
k"
2
k"
n
8 ! 3
k 9
3
n
k"
c2 b 6
nb"
n
2
n
c4
#
n,
. . ., c1 b n
! c1 b
k"
2
n
2
n
and let ck be
1 and
2k 3
n
an b "ba#n b "b
n
#
2
n,
1 c ac 1 b
n
b4
an b "b2
n2
Thus,
bca
n and let ck be the
#a b c a b
n ab c a b
endpoint of each subinterval. So the partition is P a, a b b c a , a b n , . . . , a b n b and
n
n
n
n
3
k ab c a b
! fack bx ! c3 b c a b c a ! a b kab c ab
ck a b n . We get the Riemann sum
k
n
n
n
k"
k"
k"
n
n
n
2
3
2 n
3 n
2
2
3
2
b
b
b c a ! a3 b 3a kan c ab b 3ak an2c ab b k abnc ab b c a ! a3 b 3a ab c ab ! k b 3aabnc ab ! k2 b ab c3ab ! k3 9
3
2
n
n
n
n
k"
k"
k"
k"
k"
2
3a2 ab c ab
n an b "b
3aab c ab
nan b "ba#n b "b
n a n b "b
ab c a b4
b c a na3 b
# b n
b n4 #
n
n
'
69. Consider the partition P that subdivides the interval a, b into n subintervals of width x
4
2
an b "ba#n b "b
b ab c ab an b2"b
n
4
n
4
2
" b 2 b n12
#b n b n
"b
n
ab c aba3 b 3a ab2c ab " n b aab c ab
b ab c a b
. As n
"
2
4
1
b
4
2
4
4
4
ab c aba3 b 3a ab2c ab b aab c ab$ b ab c ab b c a4 . Thus,
x3 dx b
4
4
4
a
a ab c a b
2
nb"
n
#
"
"
3a2 ab c ab
2
ab c aba3 b
right
'
a4
4.
1c0
n
70. Consider the partition P that subdivides the interval 0, 1 into n subintervals of width x
right endpoint of each subinterval. So the partition is P 0, 0 b
n
k"
k"
1
n
1
n,
0b2
! 3
k"
k
n
1
n,
. . ., 0 b n
1
n
n
1
n
1 and ck 0 b k
3
c k 13 !k c
n
n n
k"
1
n3
! k3 9
k"
1
n
k.
n
Chapter 5 Integration
3
n2
n an b " b
#
has value
3
2
1
4
1
n4
b
n a n # "b
5 . Thus,
4
3
2
nb"
n
1
4
a n b "b 2
n2
3
2
"b n
"
"
278
" b 2 b n12
n
1
1
4
2
5
'00.5 1 b" x
dx b
"
'0.5 1 b" x
dx
"
#
2
5
'0
"
'0.5 1 b" x
"
4
Then
"
1b1
min f
'0
1, min f
2
5
0.5
"
1 b (0.5)
'0" 1 b" x
dx 1.
"
1bx
0.8. Therefore
dx
"
#
dx (1 c 0.5) max f
13
20
'0" 1 b" x
(0.5 c 0) min f
0.5
"
1b0
"
#
dx (1 c 0) max f
dx
9
10
"
4
"
1 b (0.5)
"
'0.5 1 b1 x
"
#
'0" 1 b" x
"
#
"
1b1
at 1 min f f(1)
"
1bx
73. f(x)
dx
0.8 and
2
5
'0"sin x# dx cannot
equal 2.
76. f(x) x b 8 is increasing on [! "] max f f(1) 1 b 8 3 and min f f(0) 0 b 8 22 .
Therefore, (1 c 0) min f
'0" x b 8 dx (1 c 0) max f
2 2
'0" x b 8 dx 3.
77. If f(x) 0 on [a b], then min f 0 and max f 0 on [a b]. Now, (b c a) min f
Then b a b c a 0 (b c a) min f 0
'ab f(x) dx 0.
'a f(x) dx 0.
Then
'0" sec x dx '0" 1 dx b " '0" x# dx '0" sec x dx (1 c 0) b " 13 '0" sec x dx 7 . Thus a lower bound
#
#
6
$
0 on c 1 1
# #
since [0 1] is contained in c 1 1
# #
x
#
x
#
80. sec x 1 b
279
is 7 .
6
"
bca
Thus
K(b c a)
82. All three rules hold. The reasons: On any interval [a b] on which f and g are integrable, we have:
(a) av(f b g)
"
bca
"
"
"
'ab [f(x) b g(x)] dx b c a 'ab f(x) dx b 'ab g(x) dx b c a 'ab f(x) dx b b c a 'ab g(x) dx
av(f) b av(g)
(b) av(kf)
(c) av(f)
"
bca
"
bca
"
"
'ab kf(x) dx b c a k 'ab f(x) dx k b c a 'ab f(x) dx k av(f)
"
"
'ab f(x) dx b c a 'ab g(x) dx since f(x) g(x) on [a b], and b c a 'ab g(x) dx av(g).
lPl 0
lPl 0
"c
280
Chapter 5 Integration
(b) U max" ?x" b max# ?x# b b maxn ?xn where max" f(x! ), max# f(x" ), , maxn f(xn ) since
f is decreasing on[a b]; L min" ?x" b min# ?x# b b minn ?xn where
min" f(x" ), min# f(x# ), , minn f(xn ) since f is decreasing on [a b]. Therefore
U c L (max" c min" ) ?x" b (max# c min# ) ?x# b b (maxn c minn ) ?xn
(f(x! ) c f(x" )) ?x" b (f(x" ) c f(x# ))?x# b b (f(xn ) c f(xn )) ?xn
(f(x! ) c f(xn )) ?xmax (f(a) c f(b) ?xmax kf(b) c f(a)k ?xmax since f(b) f(a). Thus
lim (U c L) lim kf(b) c f(a)k ?xmax 0, since ?xmax lPl .
"c
"c
lPl 0
lPl 0
1
#n
1
#.
of the circumscribed rectangles of areas f(x" ) ?x (sin ?x)?x, f(x# ) ?x (sin 2?x) ?x, , f(xn ) ?x
1 c cos
1
c cos b 4n
1
#
sin
4n
4n
4n
c cos b 4n
cos
sin 4n
4n
4n
cos
c cos b 4n
4n sin 4n
4n
#
"
sin x dx n lim
_
1 cos
#n
'!
#1
2n
c cos n b ?x
?x
# sin x
#
c cos n b
# sin 4n
4n
cos
cos
#
"
1.
86. (a) The area of the shaded region is !xi mi which is equal to L.
i"
n
(c) The area of the shaded region is the difference in the areas of the shaded regions shown in the second part of the figure
and the first part of the figure. Thus this area is U c L.
n
i"
i"
87. By Exercise 86, U c L !xi Mi c !xi mi where Mi maxfaxb on the ith subinterval and
n
i"
i"
mi minfaxb on the ith subinterval. Thus U c L !aMi c mi bxi !% xi provided xi $ for each
n
i"
i"
88. The car drove the first 150 miles in 5 hours and the
second 150 miles in 3 hours, which means it drove 300
miles in 8 hours, for an average of 300 mi/hr
8
37.5 mi/hr. In terms of average values of functions,
the function whose average value we seek is
30, 0 t 5
v(t)
, and the average value is
50, 5 1 8
(30)(5) b (50)(3)
8
37.5.
281
282
Chapter 5 Integration
'
2.
'
3.
'
4.
'
5.
'
6.
'
7.
'
8.
'
9.
'
10.
'
11.
'
12.
'
5(4) c
3
dx 3x c
#
%
x
16 !
ax$ c 2x b 3b dx x c x# b 3x
4
a2 b c
3
3 a2 b 2
2
133
4
c a0 b c
3
c1
#
c#
3 a0 b 2
2
c 10
3
1)
a1b c a1b# b 3a1b c (c3 c (c1)# b 3(c1)
3
3(4) c
#
2
3x2
2 !
(c3)
4
4
16
c 3(0) c
#
(0)
16
2)
2 c 2# b 3(2) c (c4 c (c2)# b 3(c2) 12
4
%
x
4
3x c
c 5(c3) c
ax2 c 2x b 3b dx x c x# b 3x
3
4
4
ax2 c 3xb dx x c
3
3
"
2
2
x# b x dx x b 3 x$# " b 3 c 0 1
3
3
$
32
$#
5
xc'& dx <c5xc"& " c # c (c5)
1$
5
#
2 tan 1 c (2 tan 0) 23 c 0 23
3
1
4
c$
'
xax c 3b dx
x
4
5 c x dx 5x c
#
$1%
1
csc ) cot ) d) [ccsc )]1% ccsc 34 c ccsc 1 c2 c c2 0
4
1$
20
3
1c
16.
'
'
'
dt
"
4
" b
#
3
3
"
#
" c
#
"
#
"
sin 2 1 c # c 1 c
3
3
tan# x dx
'
"
4
'
sin 2 c 1
3
1
6
"
4
1
sin 23 b
1
6
"
4
2
sin c3 1
1
3
'
c1%
a4 sec# t b 1tc# b dt <4 tan t c 1 c1$
t
(4(c1) b 4) c 4 c3 b 3 43 c 3
20.
'c
"
ds
'
"
1 b sc$# ds s c
#
2
s
"
1b
: 2 c
b 2 c3 b 4 c3; 103
1
16 b
s b s
s
"
4u
&
'
dy
u
c uc& du 16 b
c $
c3
"
4(1)
c:
2
a 1b
' " u#
du
b 2 3 b 43; c :
c3
y5 c 2y
y3
3
'
b 2t# b 4t
t
3
'
"
u
22.
at$ b t# b 4t b 4b dt t4 b
%
' " u#
21.
23.
'c
(t b 1) at# b 4b dt
8
b (c1)# b (c1) c 1 b 1# b 1 c 3
3
2
2 ;
c a
2
16
3b
1c
19.
c 1 c
"
2
1
;c4
3
4 2
2
a 3b
1
c 3
c 4 tan 1 c
3
1
c 4
1c
%1
4 tan c 1 c
4
c2
2 c 2
4
'c
%1
4 sec# t b t1 dt
1
6
'c
1 8
18.
3
4
'
sin 2 1 c 1
#
4
1
4
"
4
sin 2t c1$
1 4
"
4
1$
"
4
" c cos 2t
#
3
" 1 c
# 3
15.
'
dt
'
" b cos 2t
#
2
1c
14.
'
13.
22
3
2 c 2$% b 1
4
2 c 8 b 1
x1 3 b 12 c x2 3
x1 3
1
dx
'
2x1 3 c x b 2 c x2
x1 3
1
'
24.
dx
'
<2x c 3 x53 b 3x23 c 3 x43 3 2a8b c 3 a8b53 b 3a8b23 c 3 a8b43 c 2a1b c 3 a1b53 b 3a1b23 c 3 a1b43
5
4
5
4
5
4
1
c 137
20
'
2 sin x cos x
2 sin x
dx
'
dx
cos x dx sin x
sin 2x
2 sin x
1
2
'
25.
283
c%
b x c 0 b
#
#
!
(cos x c cos x) dx
d
dx
'
cos t dt9
'
d
dx
(c4)
#
b 4 c
#
sin x
u du
sin x
3t# dt9
d
dx
'
2
3
at% b
$#
c0
2 '
3 t
d
dt
'
'
u du9
2 t' 4t&
3
d
dt
d
u du9 t% dt at% b t# a4t$ b 4t&
d
d)
tan
tan
'
'
sec# y dy9
d
d)
2x# sin x6 b
x
t
1 t b4
#
'
37. y
'
dt c
sin t# dt
dy
dx
dy
dx
'
x2
dy
dx
d
dx
'
"
t
dt
dy
dx
"
x
,x0
#
d
sin
csin x dx x c(sin x) " xc"# c 2x
#
x
sin t3 dt9 b 1
'
x2
3 d
#
dx ax b
'
x2
sin t3 dt
x2
sin t3 dt
'
t
t b4
#
sin t3 dt
x2
34. y
dt
x
x b4
#
'
'
1 b x#
36. y x
sin t# dt c
dy
dx
x
x b4
#
'
1 b t# dt
35. y
sec# y dy9 asec# (tan ))b dd) (tan )) asec# (tan ))b sec# )
'
tan
33. y
'
d
d)
(b)
16
1#
d
3t# dt9 a3 sin# xb dx (sin x) 3 sin# x cos x
d
dx
sin x
'
sin$ x c 1
0
#
cos x
2 x
d
cos t dt9 cos x dx x cos x " xc"#
#
'
32. (a)
sin x
d
dt
'
(b)
"
#
d
dx
31. (a)
'
(b)
%c
'
x b cos x) dx b
'
d
dx
30. (a)
x dx c x
#
cos x
2 x
(b)
#1
"
# (cos
'
x dx b
c sin 0 1
#1
%c
'
'
'
1
#
kxk dx c
#1
acos x b kcos xk b dx
sin
29. (a)
'
%c
"
#
kxk dx b
'
'
kxk dx
28.
'
9 3
8
27.
51
6
5
2
1 cos 2x b
2
'
'
'
'
26.
Chapter 5 Integration
1
284
40. y
'
sin x
dt
1 c t
!
tan x
dt
1bt
, kxk
dy
dx
1
#
dy
dx
"
1 c sin x
'
10
d
at3 b "b dt9 dx
d
dx (sin x)
10
10
'
"
cos x
(cos x)
cos x
kcos xk
cos x
cos x
c#
!
'c$ acx# c 2xbdx b 'c# acx# c 2xbdx c '!# acx# c 2xbdx
c#
c$
b c x c x#
3
$
c c x c x#
3
c c x c x#
3
$
c#
2)
3)
c c (c3 c (c2)# c c (c3 c (c3)#
$
2)
b c 0 c 0# c c (c3 c (c2)#
3
$
c c 2 c 2# c c 0 c 0#
3
3
28
3
"
x c x$ b x # c x c x $ b x #
4
4
%
c1 b1 c
#
"
c0 b0
0
4
1
4
c 2 c 2$ b 2# c 1 c 1$ b 1#
4
4
10
1 since kxk
"
d
"
1 b tan x dx (tan x) sec x asec# xb 1
#
'
39. y
dy
dx
'
10
'
38. y
"
#
1
#
285
286
Chapter 5 Integration
b 3 x%$ c
4
c"
0
#
"c
c 3 (0)%$ c
4
"
3
c 4 x%$ c
x
#
x
#
(c1)
#
c 3 (c1)%$ c
4
b 3 (1)%$ c
4
1
#
c 3 (0)%$ c
4
0
#
8
#
c 3 (1)%$ c
4
1
#
"
c 3 (8)%$ c
4
x
#
c 3 x%$ c
4
Area c
"
4
"
4
c c2! c
$
4
"
b #
83
4
45. The area of the rectangle bounded by the lines y 2, y 0, x 1, and x 0 is 21. The area under the curve
'!
y 1 b cos x on [0 1] is
1
(1 b cos x) dx [x b sin x]! (1 b sin 1) c (0 b sin 0) 1. Therefore the area of
1
1
56 c 1 1 . The area under the curve y sin x on < 1 56 is
6
3
6
ccos
51
6
3
#
c ccos 1 c c
6
3
#
1
6
y sin
'
"
#
51
6 ,
"
#
sin
51
6
, and y 0 is
&1'
47. On <c 1 0 : The area of the rectangle bounded by the lines y 2, y 0, ) 0, and ) c 1 is 2 1
4
4
4
. The area between the curve y sec ) tan ) and y 0 is c
'
1c
12
4
12
4
'
12
4
1%
sec
1
4
b 2 c 1 .
12
4
. The area
12
#
1 4 2 b 2 c 1 b 1 4 2 c 2 b 1
"
t
sec t dt b 4
dy
dx
'
'
!
dy
dx
sec t dt b 4
'
'
5
3
and y(1)
"
51. y
"
x
dy
dx
dt c 3
1c
'
"
t
50. y
'
2
3
. The
!
sec# t dt [tan t]c1% tan 0 c tan c 1 1. The area
4
2
'! a1 c t# b dt t c t3 " 1 c 13 c 0 c 03 3 .
'
1
#
5
3
"
3
1
#
'
"
t
sec t dt b 3
c c bh b
#
bh
6
bh c
bh c
#
9 c h c # c
4h c b
3b
#
b
h # c
4h b
3b
#
#
bh
6
4hx
3b
bh
3
b 2
h c 4h x# dx hx c
b
2
3
'
1 b t# dt c 2
b 2
b 2
b 2
'
54. y
9
bh
56. k 0 one arch of y sin kx will occur over the interval <0 1 the area
k
"
#
2 c
xc"# c
'
dx 2
'
2
(x b 1)
'
58. r
"
# x
dc
dx
57.
2
k
" c"#
dt
# t
1 c
sin kx dx <c
"
k
"
(x b 1)
dx 2 <x c xc11 ! 2 3 b
b
"
(3 b 1)
c 0 b
"
(0 b 1)
"
2 <3 " c 1 2 2 4 4.5 or $4500
4
1
25 85a25b
1
25 c 0
b 2a25 c 25b
1
' 25 85 c 325 c t dt 25 85t b 2a25 c tb32 25
!
3 2
1
25 85a0b
b 2a25 c 0b
32
75 F
3
60. (a) t 0 H 0 b 1 b 5a0b13 1 ft; t 4 H 4 b 1 b 5a4b13 5 b 54 10.17 ft;
t 8 H 8 b 1 b 5a8b13 13 ft
'
a8b
43
f(t) dt x# c 2x b 1 f(x)
f(t) dt x cos 1x f(x)
63. f(x) 2 c
'
62.
"b
'
15
4
9
1bt
d
dx
1 2
8 3 a0
'
d
dx
'
b 1b
32
f(t) dt
d
dx
43
15
4 a0b
29
3
9.67 ft
ax# c 2x b 1b 2x c 2
9
dt f w (x) c 1 b (x b 1)
c9
x b2
'
61.
b 1b
3 2
"b"
1 2
8 3 a8
1
8c0
9
1bt
dt 2 c 0 2;
1 k
cos kx !
"
c " cos k 1 c c k cos (0)
k
k
'
!
"
x
55. Area
dy
dx
"
x
dt c 3
'
"
t
"
53. y
"
'
"
52. y
287
Chapter 5 Integration
64. g(x) 3 b
'
288
sec (t c 1) dt gw (x) asec ax# c 1bb (2x) 2x sec ax# c 1b gw (c1) 2(c1) sec a(c1)# c 1b
' ac"b sec (t c 1) dt 3 b ' " sec (t c 1) dt 3 b 0 3; L(x) c2(x c (c1)) b g(c1)
#
c2; g(c1) 3 b
c2(x b 1) b 3 c2x b 1
65. (a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
<Fax1 b c Fax0 b b <Fax2 b c Fax1 b b <Fax3 b c Fax2 b b b <Faxnc1 b c Faxnc2 b b <Faxn b c Faxnc1 b
c Fax0 b b Fax1 b c Fax1 b b Fax2 b c Fax2 b b b Faxnc1 b c Faxnc1 b b Faxn b Faxn b c Fax0 b Fabb c Faab
(b) Since F is any antiderivative of f on a, b F is differentiable on a, b F is continuous on a, b. Consider any
subinterval xic1 , xi in a, b, then by the Mean Value Theorem there is at least one number ci in xic1 , xi such that
n
<Faxi b c Faxic1 b Fw aci baxi c xic1 b faci baxi c xic1 b faci b?xi . Thus Fabb c Faab !<Faxi b c Faxic1 b
i1
!faci b?xi .
i1
i1
mPm0
mPm0
i1
76.
289
290
Chapter 5 Integration
1. Let u 2x b 4 du 2 dx
' 2a 2x b 4b dx '
5
2u5
"
2
du ' u5 du
"
7
2. Let u 7x c 1 du 7 dx
u6 b C
1
2 x
dx ' 1 b x
"
4
"
3
sin 3x dx '
"
3
"
4
bC
"
2
'
"
10
u4 du
1
x
"
2
c1
x4 b 1
bC
du a3x b 2b dx
u5 b C
"
10
a 3x2 b 4xb
bC
dx
3
4
u43 b C
3
2
1 b x43 b C
du dx
"
4
"
#
du x dx
"
"
sin u du c 4 cos u b C c 4 cos 2x# b C
"
#
du dt
sec u tan u du
t
10. Let u 1 c cos 2 du
1 c cos
a7x c 1b32 b C
"
"
sin u du c 3 cos u b C c 3 cos 3x b C
t #
#
2
3
du x3 dx
dx 2 du
1 3 1
x
9. Let u 2t du 2 dt
'
u32 b C
c3
u4 " du
2
8. Let u 2x# du 4x dx
'
2
3
c2
7. Let u 3x du 3 dx
'
bC
"
' 4x3 ax4 b 1b dx ' 4 uc2 4 du ' uc2 du c uc1 b C
6. Let u 1 b x du
'
"
"
"
dx ' 2 uc4 2 du ' uc4 du c 3 uc3 b C c 3 a x2 b 5b
a 2x b 4b
du x dx
1 3
"
6
du dx
"
2
4. Let u x4 b 1 du 4x3 dx
'
"
6
1 2
3. Let u x2 b 5 du 2x dx
c4
du dx
"
#
sin
t
#
"
#
sec u b C
dt 2 du sin
t
sin # dt ' 2u# du
2
3
u$ b C
t
2
2
3
"
#
sec 2t b C
dt
t
1 c cos # $ b C
9r
'
"#
bC
'
'
x"# dx
"
x
2
3
2
3
du x dx
sin# u du
2
3
u
# c
"
4
sin 2u b C
"
3
x$# c 1 c
"
6
sin 2x$# c 2 b C
dx
"
cos# x dx ' cos# acub du
"
"
2
c 2x c 4 sin x b C
"
x
'
3
#
'
cos# aub du u b
#
"
4
"
sin 2u b C c 2x b
"
4
2
sin c x b C
"
u du c " u b C c u b C c 4 cot# 2) b C
4
#
#
#
'
"
csc# 2) cot 2) d) ' c " u du c " u b C c u b C c 4 csc# 2) b C
4
#
#
#
#
'
dx
5x b 8
'
"
5
"
u du
"
#
(b) Let u 5x b 8 du
'
dx
5x b 8
'
2
5
du
2
5
"
5
'
"
5
'
du dx
uc"# du
"
5
2u"# b C
ubC
2
5
2
5
du
2
5
u"# b C
2
5
5x b 8 b C
dx
5xb8
5x b 8 b C
'
18. Let u 5s b 4 du 5 ds
'
"
5s b 4
ds '
"
u
"
5 du
"
5
"
5
'
du ds
"
uc"# du 5 2u"# b C
2
5
5s b 4 b C
'
&%
4
4
) 1 c )# d) ' u c " du c " ' u"% du c " 4 u&% b C c 2 a1 c )# b b C
#
#
#
5
5
'
$#
"
3y7 c 3y# dy ' u c " du c " ' u"# du c " 2 u$# b C c 3 a7 c 3y# b b C
#
#
#
3
21. Let u 1 b x du
#
"
x " b x
dx '
2 du
u
#
'
"
2 x
dx 2 du
c2 bC
u
22. Let u 3z b 4 du 3 dz
'
"
3
c2
1 b x
dx
bC
du dz
23. Let u 3x b 2 du 3 dx
'
"
3
"
x
"
3
"
"
' cos u du 3 sin u b C 3 sin (3z b 4) b C
du dx
"
3
'
sec# u du
"
3
tan u b C
"
3
tan (3x b 2) b C
'
"
3
u$ b C
"
3
tan$ x b C
291
292
Chapter 5 Integration
"
sin& x cos x dx ' u& (3 du) 3 6 u' b C
3
3
c 1 du
r
18
r
6
sec# x dx 2 du sec# x dx
#
#
"
4
tan) x b C
#
dr 6 du r# dr
'
du c " r% dr c2 du r% dr
#
&
r
10
'
3
#
x"# dx
2
3
r
10
&
&
r % 7 c
r
10
$
'
sin' x b C
3
r
r
r# 18 c 1 dr ' u& (6 du) 6 ' u& du 6 u b C 18 c 1 b C
6
&
28. Let u 7 c
'
"
#
"
tan( x sec# x dx ' u( (2 du) 2 8 u) b C
#
#
27. Let u
'
"
#
'
cos x dx 3 du cos x dx
3
3
'
"
3
bC
du x"# dx
2
3
'
sin u du
2
3
'
"
dt ' c #
du
u
#
'
"
#u
bC
"
# cos (2t b 1)
bC
33. Let u
"
u
"
)
" c"#
# t
dt 2 du
sin
"
)
"
)
cos
cos )
) sin )
d) '
"
)
dt
t$ a1 b t% b dt ' u$ " du
4
$
cos
"
# )
"
)
"
)
d)
bC
d) c2 du
"
)
cot ) csc ) d)
'
"
)
"
"
d) ' cu du c # u# b C c # sin#
'
"
t
"
t
'
dt
cos " c 1 dt ' (cos u)(cdu) c ' cos u du csin u b C csin " c 1 b C
t
t
'
"
t
"
t
'
dz '
'
"
4
"
4
2
sin )
du t$ dt
"
4 u% b C
"
16
a 1 b t% b b C
bC
&
40. Let u 1 c
"
x
du
"
x
du
2
x3
c3
x11
'
x3
3
x3
du
dx '
1
x4
9
x4
c3
x3
x3
"
#
dx
41. Let u 1 c
1 c
x2
x3 c 1
du
"
9
dx
du
dx '
dx '
1
1
x4
"
3
u$# b C
2
3
1
x3
2
3
u$# b C
2
3
1 c " $# b C
x
2
3
2 c " $# b C
x
dx
dx ' u
' x xc 1 dx '
"
x
dx
"
x
2 c
"
x
x c 1 dx '
x
"
x
"
x
'
"
x
dx
"
#
1
x4
du
"
#
c
x x 1 dx '
39. Let u 2 c
"
x
du
'
"
x
38. Let u 1 c
293
dx
3
x3
dx ' u
"
9
du
"
9
2
2
' u"# du 27 u$# b C 27 1 c x3 $# b C
3
du x2 dx
1 "
u 3
du
"
3
43. Let u x c ". Then du dx and x u b ". Thus ' xax c "b10 dx ' au b "bu10 du ' au11 b u10 b du
1 12
12 u
1 11
11 u
bC
1
12 ax
c "b12 b
1
11 ax
c "b11 b C
44. Let u 4 c x. Then du c1 dx and ac1b du dx and x 4 c u. Thus ' x 4 c xdx ' a4 c ubu ac1bdu
' a4 c ubcu12 du ' au32 c 4u12 b du 2 u52 c 8 u32 b C 2 a4 c xb52 c 8 a4 c xb32 b C
5
3
5
3
45. Let u " c x. Then du c1 dx and ac1b du dx and x 1 c u. Thus ' ax b 1b2 a" c xb5 dx
' a2 c ub2 u5 ac1b du ' acu7 b 4u6 c 4u5 b du c 1 u8 b 4 u7 c 2 u6 b C
8
7
3
c 1 a" c xb8 b 4 a" c xb7 c 2 a" c xb6 b C
8
7
3
46. Let u x c 5. Then du dx and x u b 5. Thus ' ax b 5bax c 5b13 dx ' au b 10bu13 du ' u43 b 10u13 du
3 u 7 3 b
7
15 43
2 u
b C 3 ax c 5b73 b
7
15
2 ax
c 5b43 b C
47. Let u x# b ". Then du #x dx and " du x dx and x# u c ". Thus ' x$ x# b " dx ' au c "b " u du
#
#
"
#
' au$# c u"# bdu " # u&# c # u$# b C " u&# c " u$# b C " ax# b "b&# c " ax# b "b$# b C
# &
$
&
$
&
$
48. Let u x3 b " du 3x# dx and x3 u c ". So ' 3B& x3 b " dx ' au c "bu du ' au$# c u"# bdu
# u&# c # u$# b C # ax$ b "b
&
$
&
49. Let u x2 c 4 du 2x dx and
"
c " uc2 b C c 4 ax2 c 4b
4
c2
&#
"
#
c # a x$ b " b
$
$#
bC
du x dx . Thus '
x
ax 2 c 4 b 3
"
#
' uc3 du
bC
x
ax c 4 b 3
294
Chapter 5 Integration
'
18u
du
a2 b u b
6
c 2 b tan x b C
#
#
#
# $
bC
6 dv
(2 b v)
'
6 dw
w
6
6 ' wc# dw c6wc" b C c # b v b C
18 tan x sec x
a2 b tan xb
6
c 2bu
$
'
6 du
(2 b u)
6 dv
v
#
dx '
18 tan x sec x
a2 b tan xb
6
6
6
c v b C c 2 b u b C c # b tan
'
bC
6 du
u
#
18 tan x sec x
a2 b tan xb
6
6
c u b C c 2 b tan
'
bC
'
"
#
w dw
"
3
w$# b C
"
3
a 1 b v# b
$#
bC
"
3
a1 b sin# ub
$#
bC
"
#
"
3
"
3
v$# b C
a1 b u # b
$#
bC
"
3
a1 b sin# (x c 1)b
$#
"
6
dr '
d)
4
cos )
'
sin )
) cos )
$
sin )
) cos )
v dv '
$#
"
#
"
1#
du sin (x c 1) cos (x c 1) dx
"
#
u"# du
"
#
2 u$# b C
3
du (2r c 1) dr; v u dv
"
# )
d) '
d) c2 du
c2 du
u
"
6
sin v b C
"
# u
"
6
du
sin u b C
sin )
)
d)
4
u
bC
"
#
u% b C
"
#
a3t# c 1b b C;
(3 c 1)% b C 3 8 b C C c5 s
"
#
a3t# c 1b c 5
56. Let u x# b 8 du 2x dx 2 du 4x dx
y ' 4x ax# b 8b
c"$
y 0 when x 0 0 3(8)
57. Let u t b
1
1#
#$
b C C c12 y 3 ax b 8b
#$
#$
b C;
c 12
du dt
s ' 8 sin# t b
"
1 # u
bC
dv
v"# dv
bC
s 3 when t 1 3
bC
dv u du
'
$#
a1 b sin# (x c 1)b
"
#
"
du ' (cos v) 6 dv
cos u
"
u 1#
#$
u du '
"
3
bC
'
"
#
"
#
a1 b sin# (x c 1)b
'
dw v dv
'
"
#
1
dt ' 8 sin# u du 8 u c " sin 2u b C 4 t b 1# c 2 sin 2t b 1 b C;
4
6
#
1
s 8 when t 0 8 4 1# c 2 sin 1 b C C 8 c 1 b 1 9 c 1
6
3
3
1
s 4t b 1# c 2 sin 2t b 1 b 9 c 1 4t c 2 sin 2t b 1 b 9
6
3
6
1
1#
"
6
du
58. Let u
c ) cdu d)
sin 2u b C c 3 1 c ) c 3 sin 1 c 2) b C;
4
# 4
#
1
3
3 1
3
c 4 sin 1 c 2) b 1 b
bC C # b 4 rc# 4 c)
#
#
1
3
when ) 0 1 c 38 c 4 sin 1
8
#
3
3
1
1
3
r # ) c 4 sin # c 2) b 8 b 4 r
1
8
1
#
59. Let u 2t c
ds
dt
295
3
2
)c
3
4
"
4
cos 2) b
1
8
3
4
3
4
du 2 dt c2 du c4 dt
' c4 sin 2t c 1 dt ' (sin u)(c2 du) 2 cos u b C" 2 cos 2t c 1 b C" ;
#
#
at t 0 and
ds
dt
2 cos 2t c 1 b 100
#
ds
dt
at x 0 and
dy
dx
at x 0 and y c1 we have c1
"
#
dy
dx
"
#
"
#
dv dx
tan v b 3 v b C#
#
"
#
(0) b 0 b C# C# c1 y
"
#
tan 2x b 3x b C# ;
tan 2x b 3x c 1
61. Let u 2t du 2 dt 3 du 6 dt
62. Let u 1t du 1 dt 1 du 1# dt
v ' 1# cos 1t dt ' (cos u)(1 du) 1 sin u b C" 1 sin (1t) b C" ;
at t 0 and v 8 we have 8 1(0) b C" C" 8 v
ds
dt
63. All three integrations are correct. In each case, the derivative of the function on the right is the integrand on
the left, and each formula has an arbitrary constant for generating the remaining antiderivatives. Moreover,
sin# x b C" 1 c cos# x b C" C# 1 b C" ; also ccos# x b C# c cos 2x c " b C# C$ C# c " C" b " .
#
#
#
#
"'!
"
Vmax sin 1201t dt 60 <cVmax 1201 cos (1201t) !
"
c Vmax [1 c 1] 0
#1
(b) Vmax 2 Vrms 2 (240) 339 volts
aVmax b# sin# 1201t dt aVmax b#
#
aVmax b
#
"
<t c 2401 sin
"'!
2401t !
'
1 60
1 c cos 2401t dt
#
aVmax b
#
1 60
'
aVmax b
#
(c)
'
1 60
(1 c cos 2401t) dt
"
"
"
< 60 c 2401 sin (41) c 0 c #401 sin (0)
aVmax b
1#0
1 60
'
"
60 c 0
64. (a)
296
Chapter 5 Integration
'
'
y b 1 dy
14
3
'
0
1
'
y b 1 dy
"
2
3
'
'
r 1 c r# dr
"
"
c " u du <c 3 u$# " 0 c c 3 (1)$#
#
"
3
'
1
1
'
r 1 c r# dr
c " u du 0
#
'
tan x sec# x dx
"
u du u
#
#
c0
1
#
'
1
4
u1
"
#
'
tan x sec# x dx
0
1
u du u
#
#
'
0c
c"
"
#
c"
#
1c
'
3 cos# x sin x dx
c3u# du 2
5. (a) u 1 b t% du 4t$ dt
1
'
"
1 4
t$ a1 b t% b dt
du t$ dt; t 0 u 1, t 1 u 2
#
u
u$ du 16
%
'
"
4
"
2
16
%
'c
1
16
%
3 cos# x sin x dx
'
15
16
'
'
t$ a1 b t% b dt
"
4
u$ du 0
6. (a) Let u t# b 1 du 2t dt
'
t at# b 1b
"$
dt
'
"
#
"
#
du t dt; t 0 u 1, t 7 u 8
)
45
8
'
0
7
t at# b 1b
"$
dt
'
"
8 #
u"$ du c
7. (a) Let u 4 b r# du 2r dr
5r
'c a4 b r b
1
# #
dr 5
'
"
#
"
#
'
"
#
u"$ du c 45
8
du r dr; r c1 u 5, r 1 u 5
uc# du 0
5r
a4 b r b
# #
'
dr 5
'
"
#
&
"
8
# #$
a1 b v
dv
'
"
u
v"# dv
20 du
3
'
3
#
'
20
3
du 10v dv; v 0 u 1, v 1 u 2
20
3
2
#
1
"
uc# du c 20 < " " c 20 < # c 1
3 u
3
297
10
3
10v
b
# #$
a1 b v
dv
'
"
"
1
7
20 du c 20 < u * c 20 9 c 2 c 20 c 18
3
3
3
3
#
"
u
'
70
#7
'
4x
x b 1
dx
'
'
du
2
1 u
'
4x
3 x b 1
'
dx
du 0
2
u
'
x
0 x b 9
dx
'
10
"
4
du x$ dx; x 0 u 9, x 1 u 10
"!
"
4
"
uc"# du < 4 (2)u"# *
"
#
"
(10)"# c # (9)"#
10 c 3
#
x
1 x b 9
$
'
dx
'
"
10 4
uc"# du c
'
10
"
4
"
3
'
"
3
1
6
'
0
2
t
#
t
#
dt
"
3
"
#
du
t
2 b tan # sec#
'
1
6
t
#
1c
1
'
t
2 b tan # sec#
t
#
'
dt 2
1c
'
dz
cos z
4 b 3 sin z
'
"
u
dt 2 du sec#
1
3
1
6
u 1 c cos
1
#
"
6
u 1 c cos 1 2
"
6
"
(2)# c 6 (1)#
t
#
dt; t
c1
#
"
2
u 2 b tan c1 1, t 0 u 2
4
u 1, t
1
#
u3
u du cu# d " 3# c 1# 8
"
3
"
(1)# c 6 (0)#
u 1, t
"
"
6
"
u du 3 u
#
sec#
'
'
"
"
u du 3 u
#
du sin 3t dt; t 0 u 0, t
#
'
3 c 10
#
uc"# du
du cos z dz; z 0 u 4, z 21 u 4
"
3 du 0
'
dz
cos z
4 b 3 sin z
'
"
u
"
3 du 0
1c
sin w
2 (3 b 2 cos w)
'
dw
'
"
uc# c # du
"
#
&
cuc" d $
"
#
"
" c " c 15
5
3
1c
'
dw
'
"
uc# c # du
"
#
' uc# du
1
#
u3
"
15
298
Chapter 5 Integration
16. Let u 1 b y du
#
dy
1 2 y 1 b y
'
"
2 u
(3)$# c 2 (0)$# 23
3
2
3
; y 1 u 2, y 4 u 3
dy
2 y
'
du
'
uc# du ccuc" d # c 1 c c 1
3
2
"
6
"
4 1
)
)
sec# 6 d) 6 du sec# 6 d); ) 1 u tan 1
6
'
)
)
cot& 6 sec# 6 d)
uc& (6 du) 6 u 4
c
'
"
uc$ du c 2 u
c#
%c
"
6
1 2
'
"
4
"
"$
5u"% " du
4
'
'
"
3
"
4(1)
,)
31
#
"
#
3
4
u tan
1
4
; 12
'
5
4
3 "
3
<c 2u "$ c 2(1) c :c 3
#
'
'
1 2
u cos 2 1
6
#
)
18. Let u tan 6 du
'
cosc$ 2) sin 2) d)
#c
'
1
6
% "
'
t& b 2t a5t% b 2b dt
'
" 2 &# !
2 5 u
"
1
4
u0
c 1 (0)&# c c 1 (1)&#
5
5
"
5
'
a4y c y# b 4y$ b 1b
c#$
a12y# c 2y b 4b dy
'
"
#
'
"
t
"
4
du ay# b 4y c 4b dy; y 0 u 9, y 1 u 4
%
"
3
"
uc"# du < 3 2u"# *
2
3
2
(4)"# c 3 (9)"#
2
3
2
(2 c 3) c 3
3
du ) d); ) 0 u 0, ) 1# u 1
"
4
sin 2u !
2
3
1 b
#
"
4
2
sin 21 c 3 (0)
1
3
"
du ctc# dt; t c1 u 0, t c # u c1
2
3
'
u
cos# u 2 du < 2 # b
3
3
'
1 2
)"# d)
) cos# )$# d)
24. Let u 1 b
'
3
#
#1
'
ay# b 4y c 4b dy
c"#
'
"
3
sin 2
csin# u du <c u c
2
"
4
c"
"
sin 2u ! c c # c
"
4
0
sin (c2) c # c
"
4
sin 0
< 2 u$# !
3
2
3
'
x4 c x# dx b
x4 c x# dx c
(4)$# c 2 (0)$#
3
'
c " u"# du b
#
'
c " u"# du 2
#
'
'
"
#
u"# du
16
3
u du u
2
#
'
2
#
(1 c cos x) sin x dx
0
#
'
'
Ac
u"# du
299
27. Let u 1 b cos x du csin x dx cdu sin x dx; x c1 u 1 b cos (c1) 0, x 0 u 1 b cos 0 2
2
1c
"
1
'
'
1
#
"
(sin u) 1 du
1 c cos 2x
;
#
'
sec# t dt b 2
3
3
1c
1
1c
"
#
'
3
3
1c
'
"
#
'
"
#
'
sec# t dt b 4
(1 c cos 2t) dt
"
#
"
#
1$
3
3
sin# t dt
"
#
"
#
'
sec# t b 4 sin# t;
3
3
1$
sin 2t
# ]c1$
1
#
[(1 c 0) c (0 c 0)]
sin 2x 1
#
!
<x c
1c
"
#
'
sec# t dt b 4
3 b 4
1
3
1c
(1 c cos 2x) dx
'
"
#
dx
'
1c
1
#
'
'
3u"# (cdu) 3
1c
'
3 (sin x) 1 b cos x dx c
'
Ac
c 3
dt
41
3
31. For the sketch given, a c2, b 2; f(x) c g(x) 2x# c ax% c 2x# b 4x# c x% ;
2
a4x# c x% b dx 4x c
3
$
'
x
5
&
32 c
3
c#
32
5
c <c 32 c c 32
3
5
64
5
(" c 0)
4
"
3
320c192
15
64
3
128
15
'
ay# c y$ b dy
'
y# dy c
"
"
(" c 0)
3
y$ dy y c y
3
4
$
'
"
4
"
1#
33. For the sketch given, c 0, d 1; f(y) c g(y) a12y# c 12y$ b c a2y# c 2yb 10y# c 12y$ b 2y;
'
10 c 0 c (3 c 0) b (1 c 0)
3
10y# dy c
4
3
'
'
12y$ dy b
'
"
"
"
2
2y dy < 10 y$ ! c < 12 y% ! b < # y# !
3
4
34. For the sketch given, a c1, b 1; f(x) c g(x) x# c ac2x% b x# b 2x% ;
'
"
"
2
"
2
3 b 5 c <c 3 b c 5
2
3
35. We want the area between the line y 1, 0 x 2, and the curve y
x
4
8
1#
"
#
2c
2
3
"
#
'
c"
5
6
1 c
4
5
x
4
10 b 12
15
22
15
dx c " (1)(1) x c
#
#
x
1# !
$
2x
5
ax# b 2x% b dx x b
3
$
&
"
#
36. We want the area between the x-axis and the curve y x# , 0 x 1 :6?= the area of a triangle (formed by x 1,
'
"
x# dx b " (1)(1) x b
#
3
$
"
#
"
3
"
#
5
6
37. AREA A1 b A2
A1: For the sketch given, a c3 and we find b by solving the equations y x# c 4 and y cx# c 2x
simultaneously for x: x# c 4 cx# c 2x 2x# b 2x c 4 0 2(x b 2)(x c 1) x c2 or x 1 so
'
c
3
a2x# b 2x c 4b dx
Chapter 5 Integration
2x b
3
2x
#
c 4x
300
c#
c$
c 16 b 4 b 8 c (c18 b 9 b 12) 9 c
3
16
3
11
3 ;
A2: For the sketch given, a c2 and b 1: f(x) c g(x) acx# c 2xb c ax# c 4b c2x# c 2x b 4
'
a2x# b 2x c 4b dx c 2x b x# c 4x
3
$
A2 c
c2 c1b4c
3
16
3
"
c 2 b 1 c 4 b c 16 b 4 b 8
3
3
c#
b 4 b 8 9;
Therefore, AREA A1 b A2
11
3
b9
38
3
38. AREA A1 b A2
A1: For the sketch given, a c2 and b 0: f(x) c g(x) a2x$ c x# c 5xb c acx# b 3xb 2x$ c 8x
'
a2x$ c 8xb dx 2x c
4
%
8x
#
A1
0 c (8 c 16) 8;
c#
A2: For the sketch given, a 0 and b 2: f(x) c g(x) acx# b 3xb c a2x$ c x# c 5xb 8x c 2x$
'
a8x c 2x$ b dx 8x c
2
#
2x
4
(16 c 8) 8;
A2
Therefore, AREA A1 b A2 16
39. AREA A1 b A2 b A3
A1: For the sketch given, a c2 and b c1: f(x) c g(x) (cx b 2) c a4 c x# b x# c x c 2
'
ax# c x c 2b dx x c
3
$
x
#
A1
c 2x
c"
c#
c " c
3
"
#
b 2 c c 8 c
3
b 4
4
2
7
3
"
#
14c3
6
1"
6 ;
"
#
9;
#
A2: For the sketch given, a c1 and b 2: f(x) c g(x) a4 c x# b c (cx b 2) c ax# c x c 2b
'
ax# c x c 2b dx c x c
3
$
x
#
A2 c
c 2x
#
c"
c 8 c
3
4
#
c 4 b c 1 c
3
1
2
b 2 c3 b 8 c
ax# c x c 2b dx x c
3
x
#
'
Therefore, AREA A1 b A2 b A3
11
6
A3
9
#
c 2x 27 c
3
#
9
#
b 9 c
9
#
8
c 6 c 3 c
c 8 9 c
3
5
6
4
2
c 4 9 c
9
#
8
c 3;
49
6
40. AREA A1 b A2 b A3
$
0
2
ax$ c 4xb dx
"
3
x c 2x#
4
f(x) c g(x)
"
3
x
3
c x0
4
3
x
3
"
3
ax$ c 4xb
x
3
c x and y
x
3
simultaneously
(x c 2)(x b 2) 0 x c2, x 0, or x 2 so b 2:
"
"
c x c x c 3 ax$ c 4xb A2 c 3
3
$
cx
x
3
for x:
x
3
c4x
3
"
4
0 c 3 (4 c 8) 3 ;
c#
A2: For the sketch given, a 0 and we find b by solving the equations y
x
3
x
3
'
ax$ c 4xb dx
"
3
'
a4x c x$ b
(8 c 4) 4 ;
3
"
3
'
ax$ c 4xb dx
"
3
Therefore, AREA A1 b A2 b A3
x c 2x#
4
%
A3
4
3
4
3
25
12
"
3
x
3
"
3
ax$ c 4xb
< 81 c 2 9 c 16 c 8
4
4
32b25
1#
"
3
81 c 14
4
19
4
41. a c2, b 2;
f(x) c g(x) 2 c ax# c 2b 4 c x#
'
2
2
a4 c x# bdx 4x c
8
2 24 c 3
3
x
3
"
3
#
c#
8 c 8 c c8 b 8
3
3
32
3
25
12 ;
2x# c
x
4
'
"
3
A1
x
3
#
!
27
3
a2x c x# b 3b dx x# c
9 c
b 9 c 1 b
1
3
f(x) c g(x) 8x c x% A
#
16 c
x
5
&
32
5
b 3x
"
3
c 3 11 c
43. a 0, b 2;
8x c
2
x
3
'
'
$
c"
32
3
a8x c x% b dx
80 c 32
5
48
5
27
#
a3x c x# b dx 3x c
2
#
'
27 c 18
#
c9
x
3
$
!
9
#
'
c 16 b
3
16
#
c32 b 48
6
4x
2
#
!
8
3
'
1
1
a3 c 3x# b dx 3 x c
x
3
"
c"
"
2
3 <1 c " c c1 b 3 6 3 4
3
&
60
5
5
3
c 4x
c"
b x c
5
&
" c
5
5x
3
c#
b 4 c 32 c
5
60
3
300c180
15
40
3
5x
3
c x b
5
1
1
b 4x
"
b 8 b 5 c
5
3
"
c"
x
b c5 b
&
'
5x
3
'
'
"
b 4 c c 5 b
c 4x
5
3
#
"
c 4 b c 32 b
5
40
3
"
c 8 c c 5 b
5
3
c 4
301
302
Chapter 5 Integration
"
#
"
3
0
a
'
cxa# c x# dx b
2 aa# c x# b
3
# $#
aa b
$# !
"
3
ca
xa# c x# dx
c " 2 aa# c x# b
# 3
# $#
c c aa b
2a
3
$# a
'
cx, x 0
and
x, x 0
5y x b 6 or y x b 6 ; for x 0: cx x b 6
5
5
5
5
5cx x b 6 25(cx) x# b 12x b 36
x# b 37x b 36 0 (x b 1)(x b 36) 0
x c1, c36 (but x c36 is not a solution);
for x 0: 5x x b 6 25x x# b 12x b 36
x# c 13x b 36 0 (x c 4)(x c 9) 0
x 4, 9; there are three intersection points and
0
1
x b 6 c cxdx b
5
(x b 6) b 2 (cx)$#
10
3
#
36 c
10
25
10
'
x b 6 c xdx b
5
c"
'
x c
b (x b 6) c 2 x$# b 2 x$# c
10
3
3
#
'
c 2 b 100 c
3
10
2
3
4$# c
36
10
2
b 0 b 3 9$# c
xb6
5
(x b 6)
10
225
10
2
3
dx
*
%
4$# b
100
10
c 50 b
10
20
3
x
2
for x c2 and x 2: x# c 4
b4
2x c 8 x b 8 x 16 x 4;
x
#
for c2 x 2: 4 c x#
b 4 8 c 2x# x# b 8
x b 4 c a4 c x# bdx b 2
2
#
2 8 c 0 b 2 32 c
#
64
6
'
x b 4 c ax# c 4bdx 2 x b 2 8x c
2
2
8
c 16 b 6 40 c
'
56
3
x
6
A2
%
#
64
3
'
2y# dy 2y 2 9 18
3
$
5
3
ay b 2 c y# b dy y b 2y c
#
#
"
4 b 4 c 8 c " c 2 b 3 6 c
#
3
#
8
3
"
#
y
3
'
#
c"
b2c
"
3
9
#
'
5
4
"
4
"
4
c y b
3
"
4
"
4
acy# b y b 20b dy
c 125 b
3
c 189 b
3
y
#
cy byb20
4
#
b
c
f(y) c g(y) 164 y c y 4 4
b 20y
&
c%
25
"
b 100 c 4 64
2
3
9
243
b 180 8
2
c 80
16
#
3 y c
y
3
3 2 1 c
"
c"
"
3
'
1
1
3 c 3y# 3 a1 c y# b A 3
a1 c y# b dy
"
3 1 c " c 3 c1 b 3
3
'
c9 b
acy# b y b 6b dy c y b " y2 b 6y
3
#
$
b 18 c 8 b 2 c 12
3
9
2
3
c2
125
6
'
2y c
y
5
1
1
2 c y% c y#$ dy
3
c 5 y&$
"
c"
&
2 c " c 3 c c2 b
5
5
2 2 c " c 3 12
5
5
5
"
5
b 3
5
303
304
Chapter 5 Integration
y#
or y# 1 y
2
#
2
#
or y 1.
'
0
1
1 c y# c y a1 c y# b
a1 c y# b dy c 2
2 <(! c 0) c c1 b
'
0
1
'
A2
"#
"
3
"#
dy
y a1 c y# b
2
3
"#
dy 2 y c
y
3
1 c y# c y a1 c y# b
!
c"
b 2 " 2 a1 c3y b
#
#$ #
!
c"
c 0 2
58. AREA A1 b A2
Limits of integration: x 2y and x y$ c y#
y$ c y# 2y y ay# c y c 2b y(y b 1)(y c 2) 0
y c1, 0, 2:
for c1 y 0, f(y) c g(y) y$ c y# c 2y
'
y
3
0 c " b
4
ay$ c y# c 2yb dy y c
4
"
3
c 1
A1
c y#
!
c"
5
12 ;
4 c
16
4
8
3
c0
Therefore, A1 b A2
y
3
'! a2y c y$ b y# b dy y# c y4
A2
#
!
8
3;
5
12
8
3
37
12
c 4 c
3
ac4x# c x% b 5b dx c 4x c
3
$
'
"
5
b 5 c 4 b
3
"
5
c 5 2 c 4 c
3
"
x
5
b 5x
"
5
b 5
&
c"
104
15
16 c
4
24
3
ax$ c 3x# b 4b dx x c
4
%
'
1
b 8 c 4 b " c 4
3x
3
b 4x
#
c"
27
4