Molecules Kinetic theory of matter 1. Matter is composed of tiny particles (molecules) 2. Particles present in continuous motion 3.

The lighter the particles the faster the movement 4. As you heat matter, movement of molecules increase Brownian motion It is the random movement of the gas particles due to collision with air particles Experiment to show Brownian motion - Get a small glass box filled with smoke. - Put the glass box under microscope. - Focus a beam of light on the box - observe the smoke particles movement using eyepiece. Observation Smoke particles move randomly with acute angles. Conclusion Gas particles have Brownian motion due to the collision of smoke particles with air particles. Give reason Smoke spread slowly in air Due to the collision of air particles with dust so it moves with the direction of net force H.W State the kinetic theory of matter Define Brownian motion By experiment show the Brownian motion Compare between different states of matter.

5/9/2013 Diffusion It is the spreading of the particles of one substance into another substance from high concentration region to low concentration region. Examples: Diffusion of perfume particles in air.

Diffusion of nickel sulfate crystals in water (it takes long time) Diffusion of metals to form alloy (it takes very long time) Experiment to show diffusion Leave the perfume bottle opened at the end of your room Observation After short time you can smell it every where Conclusion Perfume diffuses in air. Experiment to show diffusion in liquid Put a drop of ink in a glass of water observation colour of water change conclusion ink diffuses in water H.W Book page 125

Expansion (No change in the matter state) When the temperature increase the size of the body increase why? Because the attraction force between particles get weaker and the distance between particles increase Contraction When the temperature decrease, the size of the body is decreased, because the attraction get stronger and distance is decreased

Which state of matter is compressible? Gas is compressible because there is a large distance between particles, solid or liquid not compressible. Give reason: Brake oil in car shouldn't contain any bubbles of air. Inflated balloon burst when it is left in sun A ball loses its turgidity when it is left on cold surface

What is the difference between powder and crystal substance.

10/9/2013 Temperature It is used to show how hot or cold the body is. We use thermometer to measure the temperature of objects. Types of thermometers: 1. Glass thermometer 2. Thermocouple Glass thermometer Properties of thermometric substance used in glass thermometer: 1. It has wide range of temperature e.g Mercury freezes at -39oC ------------boils at 357oC Alcohol freezes at -112oC --------------boils at 78oC 2. Colourful 3. Doesn't leave remains on glass 4. Easily affected by temperature (has low specific heat capacitiy)

Celsius Thermometer To graduate Celsius thermometer 1. Immerse it into ice which present in beaker till the ice melts, put mark zero. 2. Heat water till it boils, put mark refer to 100 celsius degree 3. Divide the distance between zero and 100 into 100 equal sections each section equal 1oC. Clinical Thermometer Its range 35 - 42oC It has constriction It allows mercury to rise up and prevent it from falling down. Explain the steps of using clinical thermometer Sensitivity