Вы находитесь на странице: 1из 15

ECE 460 and ME 401P and ME 501P

Electromechanical Conversion
Fall 2004

*********** Test 1 ***********


Total Points – 150, Complete at Least 100 Points, all Else are Bonus Points
This Test Will Constitute 15 Percent of Your Final Grade
September 15, 2004

Please Print your Full Name ___________________________________

Please: Dependent upon the type of problem given: 1) Answer the questions (neatly and
succinctly as no credit is given for Psychobabble (PB)) with all Steps shown and with all Units
shown – repeating the question is not an answer by the way) or 2) Circle the singular best
answer or 3) Match the letter to the answers given on the right. Please read the remaining
instructions carefully.

DO NOT TURN THIS COVER SHEET OVER BEFORE TOLD TO DO SO!!

WHEN TOLD TO STOP – STOP IMMEDIATELY and PASS YOUR TEST TO THE FRONT

YOU MAY HAVE 90 MINUTES TO COMPLETE THIS EXAM

THERE WILL BE NO BREAK, BUT YOU MAY INDIVIDUALLY LEAVE AND RETURN AS YOU
CHOOSE

MAKE SURE YOU READ ALL THE QUESTIONS!! MARK THE ONES WITH WHICH YOU FEEL
COMFORTABLE.

SHOW ALL YOUR WORK, AS PARTIAL CREDIT MAY NOT BE GIVEN UNLESS THERE IS WORK TO
GRADE!!

THANKS

YOU MAY LEAVE WHEN FINISHED, Good Luck

TEST 1 - Page 1 of 15
ECE 460 and ME 401P and ME 501P
Electromechanical Conversion
Fall 2004

1) What is the limiting parameter that restricts the capability of most electrical
equipment? (1 Point)
a) Heat dissipation and/or resultant temperature rise
b) Pressure
c) I2R loss otherwise known as Watt loss
d) Volume
e) a) and c) (which are virtually one and the same)

2) The cooling classes of motors base their temperature on what ambient temperature? (1
Point)
a) 30 o Fahrenheit
b) 50 o Fahrenheit
c) 60 o Celsius
d) 40 o Celsius

3) What is it that fundamentally makes the substation and panelboard buses move and
tear apart during a fault, the same thing that makes the motor move around? (1 Point)
a) The current only
b) The interaction of the magnetic fields and current
c) The magnetic field only
d) The direction of the current only

4) Capacitors supply reactive power (VArs) and they can be used to correct the power
factor of lagging type loads (transformers, motors, etc., which absorb reactive power).
This application is described as Power Factor Improvement or Power Factor
Correction and results in: (1 Point)
a) Greater system efficiency
b) Lower (I2R) loss
c) Lower line currents
d) Lower supply equipment cost
e) All of the above

5) When do VArs leave the Generator? (1 Point)


a) When the generator is Over Excited
b) When the generator is Under Excited
c) Both

6) Apparent (Complex) power is measured in units of Volt-Amperes while Real (Active)


power is measured in units of Watts; what units are used to measure Reactive power? (1
Point)
a) guilders
b) currents

TEST 1 - Page 2 of 15
ECE 460 and ME 401P and ME 501P
Electromechanical Conversion
Fall 2004

c) VArs
d) None of the above

Review the three phase balanced source and load circuit carefully as shown on the
following page. The source is 208:120 VAC. The load is 30 kVA. The Pf = 1 or Unity.
Don’t ask if the load is three phase or per phase as you should know this by the problem
statement. There is no impedance in any of the lines that connect the source to the load. (1
Point each)
A

Source Load
208:120 N
VAC
Neutral Current

C B

7 - i) What is the voltage from Phase A to Phase B?


a) 208 VAC
b) 120 VAC
c) A complete vacuum
d) All of the Above

7 - ii) Is the aforementioned line to line voltage magnitude the same from Phase B to
Phase C as it is from Phase C to Phase A?
a) Yes
b) No
c) None of the Above

7 - iii) What is the voltage from Phase A to Neutral N?


a) 208 VAC
b) 120 VAC
c) A partial vacuum
d) None of the Above

7 - iv) Is the aforementioned phase voltage the same magnitude from Phase B to Neutral
N as it is from Phase C to Neutral N?
a) Yes

TEST 1 - Page 3 of 15
ECE 460 and ME 401P and ME 501P
Electromechanical Conversion
Fall 2004

b) No
c) All of the Above

7 - v) An interesting thing occurs with perfectly balanced non-harmonic bearing three


phase circuits, what is it? (1 Point)
a) There is no neutral current, the return currents from all three phases cancels
this current.
b) It takes but a small weight to tip the scale either way.
c) The neutral current is equal to the phase current.
d) None of the Above

7 - vi) Another interesting thing occurs with perfectly balanced non-harmonic bearing
three phase circuits, what is this?
a) A three phase circuit that is balanced may be analyzed by a single phase
equivalent circuit as illustrated below; current flow, voltage drop, and voltage
regulation are the same as in the three phase circuit. “Square root of 3” is not necessary
if you convert all to wye connections. (1 Point)
b) The answer a) is false and here is why _____________________________.
c) a) and b) are correct.
A

Source Load
120 N
VAC

8) Capacitors and Inductors are opposites in all respects and their impedance values
subtract from each other in series circuits and form interesting quotients (that vary from
zero to infinite amounts of impedance) when in parallel circuits. These interesting effects
result in such unique characteristics as resonance, tuned circuits, oscillators, and impulse
generators. (1 Point)
a) True
b) False

9) Maximum transfer of power will occur when the source impedance is _____ to the load
impedance in any circuit that only has a potential source, a source impedance, and a load
impedance. (1 Point)
a) Opposite.
b) Equal.
c) Mirror Image.
d) Reciprocal

TEST 1 - Page 4 of 15
ECE 460 and ME 401P and ME 501P
Electromechanical Conversion
Fall 2004

10) What are the major three steps in solving all electrical problems? (1 Point)
a) Stop; drop; and roll (It is a fire thing).
b) Draw the circuit and determine what you know; make reasonable assumptions
and calculate what you need; and check KVL, KCL, and the units of the answers.

11) What is the difference between a vector and a phasor? (2 Points)

Explanation _____A vector has magnitude and direction. A phasor has rms magnitude, a_
relative phase angle, and rotation._______________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________

12) What is the reference rotational direction for phasors? (1 Point)

Explanation _________CCW____________

Answer the following questions based upon the phasor diagram illustrated below. (2 Points
each)

V = 4,160 VAC
θ = 30 O

I = 12 A

13 - i) Does this diagram give you the impression that this is a capacitive or an inductive
circuit?
a) Capacitive
b) Inductive
c) Both but equal
d) All of the Above

13 - ii) What is the perceived Power Factor of this circuit?

Explanation ____________Cos ∟V,I or 30 = 86% or 0.86 pu__________________

TEST 1 - Page 5 of 15
ECE 460 and ME 401P and ME 501P
Electromechanical Conversion
Fall 2004

13 - iii) What is the Real Power indicated?

Explanation ______V*I*Cos30 = 43,232 Watts___________________________

13 - iv) What is the Reactive Power indicated?

Explanation ______V*I*Sin30 = 24,960 Vars__________________________

13 - v) What is the Apparent Power indicated?

Explanation _______V*I = 49,920 VA__________________________

13 - vi) What is the amount of Reactive Power required to correct the phasor to unity?

Explanation _______-V*I*Sin30 = -24,960 Vars__________________________

14) What value of reactive device (reactor or capacitor, Circle which is required) would
correct the previous problem to unity if this device was in parallel to the reactive device?
(4 Points)

Explanation _Q =V2/Xc = (4160)2/693 = -24960 VArs Xc=1/2πfC = 693; therefore C =__


3.8 uF. _____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________

15) What are the three forms of heat loss and also what do they all have in common? (2
and 3 Points)

Explanation __________Conduction, Convection, Radiation – Temperature Difference__


____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________

TEST 1 - Page 6 of 15
ECE 460 and ME 401P and ME 501P
Electromechanical Conversion
Fall 2004

16) All electric generators basically spring from the same type. Which is it? (2 Points)

Explanation ___________AC___________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________

17) What is the basic difference between AC and DC generators? (2 Points)

Explanation _______________Commutation or Rectification_________________________


_____________________________________________________________________________

18) Does the output of an AC generator come from the Stator or the Rotor? (2 Points)

Explanation
______________Stator__________________________________________________________

19) Does the output of a DC generator come from the Stator or the Rotor? (2 Points)

Explanation
______________Rotor__________________________________________________________
_

20) If a DC motor were running smoothly and suddenly the load changed and sparks
began to fly from the brushes; what is wrong, how could we fix this, and what is missing in
the motor that made this occur? (2 and 2 and 3 Points)

Explanation _______________Brushes Shifted – Move the Brushes Back to the Neutral


Point – Commutating and possibly Compensating Windings__________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_

TEST 1 - Page 7 of 15
ECE 460 and ME 401P and ME 501P
Electromechanical Conversion
Fall 2004

_____________________________________________________________________________
_
_____________________________________________________________________________
_
_____________________________________________________________________________
_
_____________________________________________________________________________
_
_____________________________________________________________________________
_
_____________________________________________________________________________
_
_____________________________________________________________________________
_

21) What are the three different types of DC generators? Define a significant difference
between each? Which has better speed control? Which is quite dangerous if the field
current is inadvertently removed? Why? Which is quite dangerous if the load is
inadvertently removed? Why? (4 and 4 and 2 and 2 and 4 and 3 and 4 Points)

Explanation _______Separately Excited, Shunt Excited, Compound ___________________


_____________________________________________________________________________
_
_____________________________________________________________________________
_
_____________________________________________________________________________
_
_____________________________________________________________________________
_

TEST 1 - Page 8 of 15
ECE 460 and ME 401P and ME 501P
Electromechanical Conversion
Fall 2004

_____________________________________________________________________________
_
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
___
_____________________________________________________________________________
_
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
___
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
____
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
___
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________

22) Give me three practical methods of stopping a DC motor? Describe How Each
Works(3, 3, 3, and 3 Points)

Explanation ___________Plugging, Dynamic, Braking_____________________________

TEST 1 - Page 9 of 15
ECE 460 and ME 401P and ME 501P
Electromechanical Conversion
Fall 2004

____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________

23) What is the actual “term” used to describe the flux distortion that occurs in both DC
motors and DC generators and “where” does this come from? (2 and 3 Points)

Explanation ____________Armature Reaction_- Comes From Interaction of both Field


Flux and Rotor or Armature Flux with Rotation___________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________

24) What is that special DC motor that solves that speed run-away problem upon the loss
of field current. (3 Points)

Explanation ___________________Permant Magnet Motor_________________________

25) What is the only DC motor type where increases in load produce increases in speed? (3
Points)

Explanation ______Differential Compound_______________________________________

26) What happens when you significantly over-size a motor for its driven load? (3 Points)

Explanation _____If AC, it Wastes Power and the Efficiency Drops; if DC and separately
excited, most probably same as AC; if other, it most probably over-speeds_______________
_____________________________________________________________________________

TEST 1 - Page 10 of 15
ECE 460 and ME 401P and ME 501P
Electromechanical Conversion
Fall 2004

27) What is the singular item that most determines the physical size of a motor or a
generator? (1 Points and it is not HP or Voltage)

Explanation
____________________Torque_________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
28) Succinctly define a reactor. (3 Points)

Explanation ___Any of the following - Another name for an Inductor - An Inductive


Device for Absorbing VArs – A device that results in current lagging voltage___________

29) Succinctly define a capacitor. (3 Points)


Explanation __Any of the following - A Capacitive Device for Generating VArs – A device
that results in current leading voltage__________________
_____________________________________________________________________________

30) Succinctly define Instantaneous Power. (3 Point)

Explanation ______________________Instantaneous Current * Instantaneous Voltage___


_____________________________________________________________________________

TEST 1 - Page 11 of 15
ECE 460 and ME 401P and ME 501P
Electromechanical Conversion
Fall 2004

31) Draw the Power Triangle of the following loads that are all shunt fed from a
synchronous generator. What is the Resultant in terms of P and Q? Please be neat! -
EACH BLOCK IS 5 kVA HIGH and 5 kVA WIDE, You might want to scribble this out on a
piece of scrap paper before transferring to the grid below. (7 and 3 Points)

5 kVAr(Ind), 10 kW, 20 kVAr(Cap), 5 kW, 15 kVAr(Ind), 5 kW, 15 kVAr(Ind), 10 kW, 10


kVAr(Cap), 20 kW, and 5 kVAr(Ind)

_____________________________________________________________________________
_

_____________________________________________________________________________
_

_____________________________________________________________________________
_

_____________________________________________________________________________
_

_____________________________________________________________________________
_

_____________________________________________________________________________
_

_____________________________________________________________________________
_

TEST 1 - Page 12 of 15
ECE 460 and ME 401P and ME 501P
Electromechanical Conversion
Fall 2004

_____________________________________________________________________________
_

_____________________________________________________________________________
_

RESULTANT ______50 kW + j10 kVAr___or___51 kVA 11.30____________________

32) Define the quantities P, Q, and S (Name, Symbol (who is buried in Grant’s Tomb), and
Units). Define their mathematical relationship as well. (3 and 2 Points)

Explanation _________S - Name “Apparent Power”, Symbol “S”, Units “VA”_________


____________________P - Name “Real Power”, Symbol “P”, Units “Watt”____________
____________________Q - Name “Reactive Power”, Symbol “Q”, Units “VAr”_________
____________________S2 = P2 + Q2______________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
33) Turn to page 152 of the book. Find Example 7-14. Solve this example for the voltage
across the resistor and the current through resistor with no change in the circuit except a
capacitor has been added in series with the other elements and the capacitor has a value of
28 ohms. Now calculate the voltage across the capacitor and the reactor? Before you get
your Cray computer out, note the points for this problem! (4 Points)

Explanation __The Capacitor negates the Inductor as they have the same Reactive Value;
and, therefore, the current is 159V/45Ω = 3.53 Amps and voltage = 3.53 * (-28) = 98.93__
Volts._______________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________

TEST 1 - Page 13 of 15
ECE 460 and ME 401P and ME 501P
Electromechanical Conversion
Fall 2004

34) If the circuit on the following page has a current of 10 amperes with a source voltage of
120 VAC, 60 Hz, what will the current do as the frequency of this source increases? What
will the voltage across the resistor do as the frequency increases? (3 Points)
a) Both will decrease
b) Current will increase and Voltage will decrease
c) Current will decrease and Voltage will increase
d) Both will increase

Source INDUCTOR
I Current
Current

35) If the circuit below has a current of 10 amperes with a source voltage of 120 VAC, 60
Hz, what will the current do as the frequency of this source increases? What will the
voltage across the resistor do as the frequency increases? (3 Points)
a) Both will decrease
b) Current will increase and Voltage will decrease
c) Current will decrease and Voltage will increase
d) Both will increase
e) This is a “flux capacitor”, so nothing will happen.

CAPACITOR
Source I Current
Current

36) If the following circuit has a total current of 10 Amperes initially, will the portion of the
total current that flows through resistor R1 increase or decrease as R2 is increased?
(2 Points)
a) Increase
b) Decrease
c) Both

TEST 1 - Page 14 of 15
ECE 460 and ME 401P and ME 501P
Electromechanical Conversion
Fall 2004

d) Warp before your very eyes - Source Resistor Didn’t show accept d) as “Non-of-
the-above”

R1 R2
Source

37) Please define Saturation as it applies to motors. How does it occur? Can saturation
occur in a DC motor or is it only an AC phenomenon? (5 and 5 Points)

Explanation _____Saturation occurs when an inordinate increase in mmf (Magnetic Field


Intensity or Amp-Turn) input to the core produces little if any increase in Magnetic Field
Density or Flux Density – Flux Density can no longer increase and leakage flux increases
(flux spills outside the magnetic path), and, therefore, does not link to the rotor. - As a no
point comment – Saturation can occur in any DC motor.____________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
__

TEST 1 - Page 15 of 15

Вам также может понравиться