Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
SELF MANAGEMENT
The approach that is most beneficial in helping The first method is to help them count and record
students change their behaviour is one that their own behaviour.
provides the greatest amount of student
involvement, enhances students’ dignity, and helps
students to develop new skills that can be A second approach is to teach students new social
transferred to other settings skills for meeting their needs.
The behaviouristic strategies that best fulfill these The third approach involves working with students
criteria involve students in monitoring their own to develop some form of agreement or contract to
behaviour. In addition to the problem solving help motivate them to use skills that are in their
strategies discussed earlier there are three basic
approaches to helping students monitor and control repertoire but which they are finding difficult to use.
behaviour. This section presents specific procedures for
implementing these three strategies.
SELF MONITORING
Students have a basic need to be viewed positively Procedure: - When instructing students in counting
and to demonstrate their competence and power by their own behaviour, the first step is to ensure that
controlling their own behaviour. Often, however, the students can accurately describe the behaviour.
students are not aware of the extent of their Teach the skill by asking them to demonstrate the
unproductive behaviour. desirable and undesirable behaviours.
Self-monitoring involves assisting a student or The second step is to develop a method for tallying
group of students in establishing a system for the data. Especially when working with young
monitoring and recording their own behaviours and children, it is helpful to start with visual displays of
is reported as effective for changing a wide range of the behaviour being counted. A countoon can
specific unproductive behaviours with a diverse serve this purpose.
population of students.
1
7/5/2009
SELF-INSTRUCTION
A countoon can include a picture of the behaviour Although self-monitoring can provide excellent
being tallied and a place for the student to mark a results by itself, it is often combined with strategies
tally each time the behaviour occurs (eg: Fig 10.1 such as self-instruction, self-evaluation, and self-
for younger students and Fig 10.2 for older reinforcement.
students).
Students who act out in a school setting are often
The third step involves implementing the self- characterized by their inability to express or control
monitoring. Selecting a short period of time is their emotions productively.
suggested.
One approach to helping students involve teaching
Read through: them to give themselves verbal instructions that cue
Case Study: Junior High them to behave more appropriately when
(P353 -354) confronted with frustration and stress.
The first step in implementing a social skills lesson is to Similarly, a student who fails to obey reasonable
determine what skills the student(s) need to develop. adult requests may lack skills in accepting
This is best determined by completing a functional corrections or directions.
assessment.
2
7/5/2009
DEVELOPING CONTRACTS
A behaviour contract is an agreement between two Behaviour contracts frequently indicate the specific
or more parties that indicates the manner in which reinforcement or punishment associated with
one or more of the parties will behave in a given performing or failing to perform the behaviours
situation. listed in the contract.
ACTIVITY:
Read through:
Case Study: A Contract with a High-school Band class
Required Readings:
Jones & Jones (1998) chapter 10