Stage Infancy (birth to 18 months) Early Childhood (2 to 3 years)

Basic Conflict

Important Events

Outcome
Children develop a sense of trust when caregivers provide reliability, care, and affection. A lack of this will lead to mistrust. Children need to develop a sense of personal control over physical skills and a sense of independence. Success leads to feelings of autonomy, failure results in feelings of shame and doubt. Children need to begin asserting control and power over the environment. Success in this stage leads to a sense of purpose. Children who try to exert too much power experience disapproval, resulting in a sense of guilt. Children need to cope with new social and academic demands. Success leads to a sense of competence, while failure results in feelings of inferiority. Teens need to develop a sense of self and personal identity. Success leads to an ability to stay true to yourself, while failure leads to role confusion and a weak sense of self. Young adults need to form intimate, loving relationships with other people. Success leads to strong relationships, while failure results in loneliness and isolation. Adults need to create or nurture things that will outlast them, often by having children or creating a positive change that benefits other people. Success leads to feelings of usefulness and accomplishment, while failure results in shallow involvement in the world. Older adults need to look back on life and feel a sense of fulfillment. Success at this stage leads to feelings of wisdom, while failure results in regret, bitterness, and despair.

Trust vs. Mistrust Feeding

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

Toilet Training

Preschool (3 to 5 years)

Initiative vs. Guilt Exploration

School Age (6 to 11 years) Adolescence (12 to 18 years)

Industry vs. Inferiority Identity vs. Role Confusion

School

Social Relationships

Yound Adulthood (19 to 40 years) Middle Adulthood (40 to 65 years)

Intimacy vs. Isolation

Relationships

Generativity vs. Stagnation

Work and Parenthood

Maturity(65 to death)

Ego Integrity vs. Despair

Reflection on Life

Stage Oral

Age Range Birth1 year

Erogenous zone

Consequences of Psychologic fixation

Anal

13 years

Phallic

36 years

Orally aggressive: chewing gum and the ends of pencils, etc. Orally Passive: smoking, eating, kissing, oral sexual practices. Oral stage fixation might result in a passive, gullible, immature, manipulative personality. Bowel and blad Anal retentive: Obsessively der elimination organized, or excessively neat Anal expulsive: reckless, careless, defiant, disorganized, coprophiliac Genitalia Oedipus complex (in boys) Electra complex (in girls)

Mouth

Latency

6puberty

Dormant sexual feelings Sexual interests mature

Sexual unfulfillment if fixation occurs in this stage. Frigidity, impotence, unsatisfactory relationships

Genital

Pubertydeath

NUTRIENTS SOURCES Complex wholemeal bread, wholegrain cereals, baked beans, carbohydrate pasta, potatoes, peas, other starchy vegetables & fiber Protein lean meat, chicken, fish, cheese, milk, eggs, bread, nuts, legumes Fat oils, butter, margarine, cream, meat, cheese, pastry, biscuits, nuts Preformed butter, margarine, cream, cheese, eggs, meat Vitamin A Beta-carotene carrots, spinach, pumpkin, broccoli, tomatoes, (converts to apricots, rockmelon vitamin A) Vitamin D Fatty/canned fish, butter, margarine, cream, cheese, eggs Vitamin E Polyunsaturated oils, polyunsaturated margarine, nuts, olive oil, fatty fish and small amounts in wholegrain cereals and green vegetables Vitamin K green vegetables, cheese, butter, pork, eggs Thiamin Wholegrain cereals, pork, bread, nuts, peas Riboflavin milk, meat, eggs, cheese, wholegrain, cereals, nuts, mushrooms Niacin fish, meat, peanuts, wholegrain cereals, nuts, mushrooms Pantothenic eggs, wholegrain cereals, peanuts, fish, meat, acid vegetables Vitamin B6 Wholegrain cereals, meat, fish, peanuts, bananas Folic acid green vegetables, wholegrain cereals, wholemeal bread, nuts

Vitamin B12 Biotin Vitamin C Calcium Phosphorus Iron Sodium Potassium Iodine

Zinc

meat, fish, eggs, cheese, milk, oysters eggs, cheese, milk, fish, wholegrain cereals Oranges, tomatoes, potatoes, broccoli, cabbage, Brussels sprouts, Strawberries cheese, milk, yoghurt, canned fish, nuts, sesame seeds (tahini), dried fruit meat, fish, poultry, eggs, milk, cheese, nuts, cereals, bread meat, poultry, wholegrain cereals, wholemeal bread, eggs table salt, meat, milk, cheese, seafood, spinach, celery Potatoes, bananas, oranges, apricots, other fruit and vegetables, meat, fish, nuts Sea foods, milk and cereals and vegetables from areas with high iodine content in the soil, iodised table salt oysters, meat, fish, poultry, eggs, wholegrain cereals, peanuts