Practice questions

CHAPTER 1 CELLS

1.

Study the diagram below.

Give one piece of evidence that this diagram is each of the following:
(a)

A eukaryotic cell ...................................................................................................

............................................................................................................... (1 mark)

(b)

An animal cell .......................................................................................................

............................................................................................................... (1 mark)

(c)

A student measures the distance from point A to point B as 90 mm.

Calculate the actual diameter of the cell. Write down your answer in
micrometers (m).

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............................................................................................................... (1 mark)
(d)

Eukaryotic cells are often over 1 000 times larger in volume than prokaryotic
cells. Use evidence from the diagram to suggest how this greater size can
be achieved.
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................... (3 marks)
Total 6 marks

2.

Complete the table, using a tick () for present and a cross () for absent.
Feature

Eukaryotic cell

Prokaryotic cell

Cell surface membrane

Nuclear membrane
Circular DNA
Ribosomes
Total 4 marks
3.

Microscopes can tell us a lot about the structure of cells and tissues, but not very much
about their function. Radioactive isotopes, however, can be introduced into cells
without damaging their function, and allow us to investigate the pathways of molecules
through cells and whole organisms.
In one particular investigation, cells in the mammary gland of a rat were provided with
amino acids labelled with 3H (radioactive hydrogen). Samples of cells were taken every
few minutes and the radioactivity in different organelles was measured.
The results are listed in the following table:

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Amount of radioactivity (arbitrary units)

Time (minutes)

10

20

30

40

60

Ribosomes

14

11

Outside of cell

35

40

32

Rough endoplasmic
reticulum

15

Golgi body

20

30

Cytoplasm

(a)

Outline the process of autoradiography.

............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................. (3 marks)

(b)

(i)

On a sheet of graph paper, draw a graph to show how the level of

radioactivity changes in each organelle.
(4 marks)

(ii)

Use the graph you just drew to draw a flowchart showing the pathway of
the amino acids through the cell.

(1 mark)
(iii)

Explain what is happening to the amino acids at each organelle.

................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................
................................................................................................ (5 marks)

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(iv)

Explain how materials are transported between different organelles in

the cell, such as between the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi body,
or between the Golgi body and the outside of the cell.
................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................
................................................................................................ (2 marks)
Total 15 marks

4.

The diagram below shows a particular organelle, extracted from the liver of a mammal.

(a)

Name the organelle shown in the diagram.

............................................................................................................. (1 mark)

(b)

What process takes place inside this organelle?

............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................. (1 mark)

(c)

Explain how the structure of this organelle allows it to carry out this process
efficiently.
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................... (2 marks)

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(d)

Name one tissue, apart from the liver, where this organelle will be particularly
abundant. Explain your answer.
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................... (3 marks)

(e)

Outline how you could prepare a pure sample of this organelle from a piece of
liver tissue.
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................... (4 marks)
Total 11 marks

5.

The following illustration shows a generalised bacterial cell.

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(a)

Give two pieces of evidence from the diagram that this is a prokaryotic cell.
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................... (2 marks)

(b)

What is the function of each of the following?

(i)

The flagellum
................................................................................................................
................................................................................................. (1 mark)

(ii)

The
ribosome ...................................................................................................
.............
................................................................................................. (1 mark)

(c)

Explain how bacteria feed.

............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................... (2 marks)
Total 6 marks
TOTAL MARKS FOR EXAM: 42

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Collins Advanced Science Biology