Philippine Association of Safety Engineers

S H E Q
*** 2 0 1 2

Principle on Risk Assessment & Control

Engr. Francis E. Tan
1

LEVEL 1 SESSION 1

Introduction
S H E Q
*** 2 0 1 2

The legislation throughout the world is the concept of risk assessment. In almost all countries it is a legal requirement to conduct the risk assessment. In any attempt to protect the health & safety of the employees is the process of identification of hazards and the people at risk, a broad assessment of the magnitude of that risk and some consideration of what action to take to reduce that risk.
2

Overall Aims
S H E Q
*** 2 0 1 2
3

On completion of this seminar, you can understand: The process of risk assessment Risk assessment recording and reviewing procedure.

Specific Intended learning Outcomes

S H E Q
*** 2 0 1 2 When we have worked through this element, you will be able to:
Explain the aim and objectives of risk assessment Distinguish between high frequency / low severity events and low frequency / high severity Identify hazards by means of workplace inspections and analysis of task Use accident and near-miss data in risk assessment Use a simple risk assessment technique to determine risk level and to assess the adequacy of control 4

Definitions
S H E Q
*** 2 0 1 2
5

HAZARD something with the potential to cause harm They are categorized as physical hazards, chemical hazards, biological hazards ergonomically or psychologically hazards.

continuation

Definitions

S H E Q
*** 2 0 1 2

RISK probability of occurrence of a hazard & severity of injury or damage Risk = Probability X Severity Whenever possible, the hazards can be eliminated through careful selection and design of facilities, equipment and process. If the hazard cannot be eliminated they need to be minimised by physical controls. e.g: use of guards to the machine, use of anti 6 slip floor surface.

continuation

Definitions

S H E Q
*** 2 0 1 2

RISK ASSESSMENT Risk assessment is the process of identifying hazards and how likely accident can occur

The Risk Assessment Process

S H E Q
*** 2 0 1 2
8

The aim is to make sure that no one gets hurt to become ill. The management process of risk assessment involves the identification of unwanted & uncertain further events; create alternative strategies & evaluating its cost and taking action according to the organization framework. Risk assessment should fulfill the requirement that has to be suitable and sufficient.

The Risk Assessment continuation Process

S H E Q
*** 2 0 1 2 To level in the risk assessment should be proportionate to the level of risk, during risk assessment process one has to ensure that:
All aspect of work activity are reviewed Take account of the way the work is organised Identify the significant hazards, risk and evaluate the risk. Identify the control measure & set priorities Non routine activities taken into account and also account risk to the public. The employee undertaking the risk assessment has to have sufficient knowledge, experience and ensure the risk assessment is valid for a 9 reasonable time.

Competency requirements for Risk Assessment

S H E Q
*** 2 0 1 2 The following competences are required to carry-out the suitable and sufficient risk assessment.
The assessors have to be experienced and trained in identification of hazards and carrying out risk assessment. Should have sufficient knowledge of the process and the activity involved. Technical knowledge of the plant and equipment Should have good communication and technical report writing skills Must be able to interpret legislation, guidance and possess the right attitude to carry out risk 10 assessment.

Steps of Risk Assessment Process

S H E Q
*** 2 0 1 2
STEP 1: Look for the hazard This is the process of identifying all the hazards that exist in the workplace. We must be aware of all the possible hazards but it is the significant ones which are important. Task observation by checklist / identifying physical hazards. Accident, ill-health or near miss data Workplace inspection e.g.: electrical hazards, asbestos, biological / chemical agent. Job safety analysis; is work study technique which observes & records every detail of work. Legal standard Consultation (with operator / employees / expert) & control present in legal standards 11 Guidance (ILO, OSHA, ISO, BSI, HSE, Manufactures, MSDS, etc.)

Steps of Risk Assessment Process continuation

S H E Q
*** 2 0 1 2
STEP 2: Decide who might be harmed This is a process of determining who may be at risk from the hazard that is the groups of staff and others likely to be affected in the case of an incident involving the hazard. It is important to consider the wider implications of hazard, not just as they may affect those working in the immediate environment. We have to be aware of other staff groups such as person working near-by as well as visitors and the public. Special attention must be given to inexperienced staff.
12

Steps of Risk Assessment Process continuation

S H E Q
*** 2 0 1 2
STEP 3: Evaluate the Risk & Check Existing Procedure The risk is evaluated based on the likelihood of harm and severity of the harm. The following should be consider: a. The effectiveness of existing control: The existing control measures are to be listed in order to produce a baseline risk assessment and he control measures that have been used / recommended to control the risk. o Workplace precautions Hardware controls at the point of the hazard. E.g.: guarding, segregation, extract hood Control by procedure 13 E.g.: Job rotation / safe system of work, PPE

Steps of Risk Assessment Process continuation

S H E Q
*** 2 0 1 2
14

STEP 3: Evaluate the Risk & Check Existing Procedure o Risk control system E.g.: Information, instruction, training and supervision along with monitoring techniques such as inspection. b. Elimination of the risk The method for estimating the risk is: (Risk Score = Severity X Likelihood)

Steps of Risk Assessment Process continuation

S H E Q
*** 2 0 1 2
STEP 3: Evaluate the Risk & Check Existing Procedure o The severity of harm Rating 0 1 2 3 4 5 Qualitative equivalent No harm Minor harm Moderate harm serious harm Major harm Catastrophic harm Fatality or disabling illness, catastrophic damage or loss
15

Examples No injury, damage, sickness or other loss First aid injury or illness, minor damage or loss 3 days injury or illness, substantial damage or loss

STEP 3: Evaluate the Risk & Check Existing Procedure o The likelihood of harm
continuation

S H E Q
*** 2 0 1 2

Rating 0 1 2 3 4 5

Possible Qualitative equivalent Almost impossible Extremely unlikely unlikely likely Extremely likely Almost certain

Examples The likelihood that a person will fall down a manhole with a properly fitted, intact cover. First aid injury or illness, minor damage or loss The likelihood that a person will fall down an open manhole protected only by a flimsy barrier. The likelihood that a person will fall down an open manhole which has no barrier and no warning signs 16

STEP 3: Evaluate the Risk & Check Existing Procedure o Risk score
continuation

S H E Q
*** 2 0 1 2

Risk Action required Rating 0 to 1 No action 2 to 6 Record the hazard Record risk rating Recommend risk control measure upgrades if risk rating is not as low as is reasonably practicable 8 to 16 Record the hazard Record risk rating Recommend risk control measure to reduce risk rating to under 7 or to a level which is as low as is reasonably practicable 20 Seek further advice 17 25 Stop activity and seek further advice

A simple risk control plan

Risk Level Necessary Action and Timescale Very Low These risk are considered acceptable. No further action is necessary other than to ensure that the controls are maintained. No additional controls are required unless they can be implemented at very low Low cost (in terms of time, money and effort). Arrangements should be made to ensure that controls are maintained. Medium Consideration should be given as to whether the risks can be lowered, where applicable to a tolerable level and preferably to an acceptable level but the cost of additional risk reduction measure should be taken into account. The risk reduction measures should be implemented within define time period. Arrangements should be made to ensure that the controls are maintained particularly if the risk levels are associated with harmful consequences. Substantial efforts should be made to reduce the risk. Risk reduction measures High should be implemented urgently within a defined time period and it might be necessary to consider suspending or restricting the activity or to apply interim control measures until this has been been completed. Considerable resources might have to be allocated to additional control measures. Arrangements should be made to ensure that the controls are maintained particularly if the risk levels are associated with extremely harmful consequences and very harmful consequences. Very High These risk are unacceptable. Substantial improvements in the risk controls are necessary so that the risk is reduced to a tolerable or acceptable level. The activity should be halted until risk control are implemented that reduces the risk so that it is no longer very high. If it is not possible to reduce risk the work 18 should remain prohibited.

S H E Q
*** 2 0 1 2

Steps of Risk Assessment Process continuation

S H E Q
*** 2 0 1 2
STEP 3: Evaluate the Risk & Check Existing Procedure c. What further actions are required to eliminate or reduce the risk o Hierarchy of Control Eliminate the hazard E.g.: Using water instead of solvent based paints. Reduce the risk E.g.: Using 110v electric apparatus instead of 240v Isolate the people from hazard E.g.: Using fencing or guards from machinery
19

STEP 3: Evaluate the Risk & Check Existing Procedure

S H E Q
*** 2 0 1 2
20

continuation

o Hierarchy of Control Control the extent of exposure or contact with the hazard by means of engineering means. E.g.: Limiting the time, frequency and number of persons exposed Personal Protective Equipment E.g.: Helmets, goggles, gloves, shoes etc. Discipline E.g.: Obtain compliance with rules and following procedures

STEP 3: Evaluate the Risk & Check Existing Procedure

S H E Q
*** 2 0 1 2

continuation

o Guidance Illustrate good practices and outline the hazard situations where risk is increased & precautions that will control the risk. o Minimum legal standards H&S legislation provides minimum legal standards which should be achieved, e.g: Guarding of machinery Limiting noise / vibration Limit exposure to airborne chemicals / structure. Limit ionizing radiation
21

Example for Likelihood & Severity S H E Q

*** 2 0 1 2
22

Consider the situation where window cleaner from a small local firm are using a ladder to clean windows on a three storey block of flats during their Monthly window cleaning round.

Example for Likelihood & Severity

continuation

S H E Q
***

How likely is that they could fall? To assess this, we need to consider a number of factors, such as: The stability of the ladder The condition of the rungs The type of the footwear The lighting levels

Low 1

0 1 2

Increase likelihood

High 3

Medium 2

23

Example for Likelihood & Severity

continuation

S H E Q
*** 2 0 1 2

When we considered all relevant factors, we can rank the seriousness of the fall. Again, will find it helpful to do this by using a three point scale:
Low (1): minor injuries requiring first aid for example: grazes or minor cuts
High: 3

Medium: 2

High (3): major injuries, such as paralysis or death.

Low: 1

INCREASING CONSEQUENCE

Medium (2): an injury requiring further medical assistance - for example, cut needing stitches or broken bone

24

STEP 4: Record the Findings

S H E Q
*** 2 0 1 2
25

We should record the significant findings of the risk assessment including: significant hazards; people affected; adequacy of existing controls; the extent of the risk; further action required; and references to other documents used in the assessment

STEP 5: Review the Findings

S H E Q
*** 2 0 1 2 Risk assessment will need to be reviewed if there is a significant change or if there is any reason to suspect that it is no longer valid including:

an accident, ill-health, near miss or dangerous occurrence, etc.; New equipment has been introduced; Changes to equipment, plant and processes; Change in personnel & legislation; As a result of monitoring or audit; advice or action by the enforcing authority or insurance company; New information become available; Improved control measures become available. the involvement of new personnel or a specific period of time has elapsed, thus indicating the need for a 26 periodic review.

Risk Assessment Flow Chart

Break tasks into component parts to identify activities to be assessed Identify any hazard

S H E Q
*** 2 0 1 2
yes yes

Identify who hazards could affect Using risk ratings determine level of risk Is risk significant? no

Identify and evaluate current control measures

Is significant risk already adequately controlled? Review/revise existing control measures or identify/implement new preventative and protective measures Evaluate Controls

Is Risks now acceptable? Implement controls yes

no

Record findings of risk assessment and set date for review

27
Monitor and Review

Risk Assessment Matrix

(Category)
FREQUENT Likely to occur immediately or in a short period of time; expected to occur frequently

S H E
SEVERITY OF RISK 4

PROBABILITY THAT SOMETHING WILL GO WRONG 4 3 2

LIKELY Quite likely to occur in time OCCASIONAL May occur in time SELDOM Not likely to occur but possible

UNLIKELY Unlikely to occur

Category

CATASTROPHIC May result in death

Q
*** 2 0 1 2

CRITICAL May cause severe injury, major property damage, significant financial loss, and/or result in negative publicity for the organization and/or institution

MARGINAL May cause minor injury, illness, property damage, financial loss and/or result in negative publicity for the organization and/or the institution

NEGLIGIBLE Hazard presents a minimal threat to safety, health and well-being of participants; trivial.

28 L

Risk Assessment Matrix

(Risk Definition)
S H E Q
*** 2 0 1 2 E
RISK DEFINITIONS
Many events, without proper planning, can have unreasonable levels of risk. However, by applying risk management strategies, you can reduce the risk to an acceptable level.

Extremely High Risk

Activities in this category contain unacceptable levels of risk, including catastrophic and critical injuries that are highly likely to occur. Organizations should consider whether they should eliminate or modify activities that still have an E rating after applying all reasonable risk management strategies.

H M L

High Risk

Activities in this category contain potentially serious risks that are likely to occur. Application of proactive risk management strategies to reduce the risk is advised. Organizations should consider ways to modify or eliminate unacceptable risks.

Moderate Risk

Activities in this category contain some level of risk that is unlikely to occur. Organizations should consider what can be done to manage the risk to prevent any negative outcomes.

Low Risk

Activities in this category contain minimal risk and are unlikely to occur. Organizations can proceed with these activities as planned

WORKSHOP
S H E Q
*** 2 0 1 2
30

Method statement Hazard identification

Sequence of Work
S H E Q
*** 2 0 1 2
31

Study carefully the Method Statement (Sequence of Work) to prepare a proper Risk Assessment and Control

1. Method Statement for Cable Trenching Works

Task/Activity:

RISK ASSESSMENT FORM SAMPLE

Assessor:

Cable Trenching Works

DATE: Page 1 of X 0 1 2 3 4 5 Likelihood Almost Impossible Extremely Unlikely Unlikely Likely Extremely Likely Almost Certain

S No Harm

Severity

Example No injury, damage, sickness or other loss First aid injury or illness, minor damage or loss Reportable Condition 3 days injury or illness, substantial damage or loss Major Injury Fatality or disabling illness, catastrophic damage or loss

HModerate Harm
Minor Harm

E Major Harm Q
Sl. No. 1

Serious Harm

Catastrophic Harm

*** Activity (Job Steps) 2 0 1 2

Potential Hazards

Severity x Probability (Initial risk level)

Required Control/Mitigation Measures & Checks

Residual Risk

Action Party

Work permit from Client to Unauthorized be obtained. commencement of works may result in exposing workers and or potential to harm or danger. 2x3=6

Authorized PTW holder shall ensure obtaining and maintaining valid work permit. The worksite supervisor responsible for this activity has to check the PPE of his staff to ensure that all required items are available and properly used. Inform all workers regarding permit condition before 1 x 1 = 1 work starts. Worksite supervisor shall conduct toolbox talks about nature of works and associated potential hazards and their essential precautionary measure.

Site Engineer / Worksite Supervisor

32

Sl. No. 2

Activity (Job Steps) Mobilization and Demobilization

Potential Hazards Physical: Injury from heavy equipment, Heavy lifting, pinch point, slip, trips and fall hazards

Severity x Probability (Initial risk level)

Required Control/Mitigation Measures & Checks

Residual Risk

Action Party

S H E Q
3 Pre-task briefing toolbox talks and site inspection

Before transporting the loads to the site, rest assure that the materials are secured and tight with nylon rope for the safe transporting. Ensure that a driver is having knowledge to the hazard while transporting the materials. The driver shall not have driving attitude while using the road. Driver is driving only in the minimum speed 3 x 4 = 12 limit. 1x2=2 Minimize work personnel in vicinity of equipment. Provide ergonomic training, institute good housekeeping procedure. Keep feet and hands clear of moving/suspended materials and equipment. Keep a tidy site. Ensure that the pre task briefing is given out in a

Site Engineer / Worksite Supervisor

*** 2 0 1 2

The work force does not understand the pre task briefing therefore does not understand the potential dangers and control measures to be 2 x 4 = 8 implemented. Some of the workers could be lacking PPE or using defective PPE.

language understood by the work force, have it translated. Ask question regarding the briefing to get feed back from the staff, this ensures full comprehension. Issue required appropriate PPE and replace PPE that has signs of defect. PPE must include both hearing protection as 1x2=2

Engineer / Supervisor and Safety Officer

33
well as dust inhalation protection.

Sl. No. 4

Activity (Job Steps) Excavation using Jack hammer

Potential Hazards

Serious injury and or property damaged 3 x 4 = 12 caused by hit to underground utilities. Collapsed of excavated soil

Severity x Probability (Initial risk level)

Required Control/Mitigation Measures & Checks Commence work submission & acknowledgment of application for trench underground utilities. Avoid operation of jack hammer if route layouts are having red mark-up.

Residual Risk

Action Party

1x2=2

Supervisor / Safety Officer

S H E Q
*** 2 0
5

Ensure that the excavated materials are 1.00 meters away from the trench excavation. Ensure that excavation is side sloped, shielded and shore to prevent cave-ins. Spoil plant or work materials must not be placed immediately adjacent to the excavation edge. Engineer / 3 x 5 = 15 Supervision of the works must be by authorized 1 x 3 = 3 Supervisor and Safety Officer persons who are adequately trained, competent and familiar with excavation activities. Suitable and sufficient steps shall be taken to prevent a fall or dislodgement of any material into or from within the excavation Locate any underground obstruction such as pipelines, utilities and cables by metal detector Keep area clean and tidy and secure loose cables 3x2=6 and or rock debris Checked the area and do the gas test if any harmful substance smells in the site. 4 x 4 = 16 Check the wind direction for a proper emergency evacuation 4 x 5 = 20 1x2=2 1x2=2 Supervisor / Safety Officer Supervisor / Safety Officer Supervisor / Safety Officer

Hazards due to underground utilities Tripping hazards Atmospheric hazard due to gas leak

1x2=2

Manual Excavation and Back pain installing of cable route marker

1 2

Avoid improper positioning during excavation works. Avoid manual lifting of heavy debris materials. If manual handling is unavoidable, ensure operatives 1x2=2 2 x 4 = 8 involved are trained in basic lifting techniques. Selection may be required of suitable, fit individuals depending upon the nature of the task.

Supervisor / Safety 34 Officer

Sl. No. 6

Activity (Job Steps)

Severity x Probability Potential Hazards (Initial risk level)

Required Control/Mitigation Measures Residual Action Party & Checks Risk

Working in dusty area Dust causing for respiratory and eye decease. Work during extreme Heat Stress, stroke, exhaustion and over weather/ climate fatigue conditions.

S E

2x3=6

Use appropriate dust mask or P1 is suitable for dust particulates.

1x2=2

Supervisor

H Q

*** 2
8 9 Working during sandstorm

Ensure 100% availability of drinking water at site. Encourage and remind workers to drink water or rehydration juices frequently Frequent rest cycle is highly recommended during high humidity index Supervisor / 3 x 5 = 15 Resting shed shall be provided for the 1x2=2 Safety Officer workers and shall be strategically located near the actual working area. Field supervision/ HSE personnel shall closely monitor the condition of workers, intervene as the need arises.

0 1 2

Poor visibility/ Dust Trips, stumble or foot puncture

3 x 4 = 12

In addition to basic PPE and HIVIS Vest, dust mask (P1) shall be worn Place equipment in orderly manner

1x2=2

Supervisor / Safety Officer

Housekeeping

Keep work location and access safe 3 x 4 = 12 Keep area clean daily & weekly basis, remove debris and store material tidily safely.

1x2=2

Supervisor / Safety 35 Officer

Sequence of Work
S H E Q
*** 2 0 1 2
36

Study carefully the Method Statement (Sequence of Work) to prepare a proper Risk Assessment and Control

2. Method Statement for the Instrument Installation Works

Task/Activity:

RISK ASSESSMENT FORM SAMPLE

Assessor:

Inst. Installation and Fabrication of Support DATE: Page 1 of X 0 1 2 3 4 5 Likelihood Almost Impossible Extremely Unlikely Unlikely Likely Extremely Likely Almost Certain

S No Harm

Severity

Example No injury, damage, sickness or other loss First aid injury or illness, minor damage or loss Reportable Condition 3 days injury or illness, substantial damage or loss Major Injury Fatality or disabling illness, catastrophic damage or loss

HModerate Harm
Minor Harm

E Major Harm Q
Sl. No. 1

Serious Harm

Catastrophic Harm

*** Activity (Job Steps) 2 0 1 2

Potential Hazards

Severity x Probability (Initial risk level)

Required Control/Mitigation Measures & Checks

Residual Risk

Action Party

Work permit from Client to Unauthorized be obtained. commencement of works may result in exposing workers and or potential to harm or danger. 2x3=6

Authorized PTW holder shall ensure obtaining and maintaining valid work permit. The worksite supervisor responsible for this activity has to check the PPE of his staff to ensure that all required items are available and properly used. Inform all workers regarding permit condition before 1 x 1 = 1 work starts. Worksite supervisor shall conduct toolbox talks about nature of works and associated potential hazards and their essential precautionary measure.

Site Engineer / Worksite Supervisor

37

Sl. No.

Activity (Job Steps)

Potential Hazards

Severity x Probability (Initial risk level)

Required Control/Mitigation Measures & Checks

Residual Risk

Action Party

Pre-task briefing toolbox talks and site inspection

Ensure that the pre task briefing is given out in a language understood by the work force, have it The work force does not understand the pre task briefing therefore does not understand the potential dangers and control measures to be 2 x 4 = 8 implemented. Some of the workers could be lacking PPE or using defective PPE. translated. Ask question regarding the briefing to get feed back from the staff, this ensures full comprehension. Issue required appropriate PPE and replace PPE that has signs of defect. PPE must include both hearing protection as well as dust inhalation protection. back pain Avoid improper positioning during excavation works. Avoid manual lifting of heavy debris materials. If manual handling is unavoidable, ensure operatives involved are trained in basic lifting techniques. Selection may be required of suitable, 3x3=9 1x2=2 fit individuals depending upon the nature of the task. 1x2=2 Engineer / Supervisor and Safety Officer

S H E Q
***
3 Manual handling

2 0 1 2

Supervisor / Safety Officer

38

Sl. No. 4

Activity (Job Steps) Fabrication of instrument stands/support, junction box support. a) Cutting and grinding

Potential Hazards Cutting or grinding disc may come into contact with a body part, or shatter and throw off pieces at extremely high speed that could easily sustain cuts, abrasions, burns or eye injury to the workers.

Severity x Probability (Initial risk level)

Required Control/Mitigation Measures & Checks Ensure workers are properly following the safe working procedure on how to use an angle grinder The disc must be suitable for the material, the correct size for the grinder (this includes centre hole size), and capable of being used at the maximum r.p.m. of the grinder. If any doubt exists, the disc should not be attached to the grinder. Cutting discs should never be used for grinding and vice versa. During operation, newly mounted discs should run free for one minute before cutting or grinding and never apply pressure to stop a disc spinning. Eye/face and hearing protection appropriate to the task must be worn.

Residual Risk

Action Party

3 x 5 = 15

2x3=6

Supervisor / Safety Officer

S H E Q
***
b) Welding activities Fire hazard 4 x 5 = 20 Health hazard due to fumes or dust 2x3=6

Obtain hot work permit Cover the work area by suitable sheets to prevent flying of sparks. Remove combustible material from the work area Keep fire extinguisher ready for use Keep your head out of the fumes. Do not breathe the fumes. Use enclosure and proper ventilation Implementing work rest schedules and safe work practices Wear respirator if necessary or 3M P1 mask

2x3=6

Supervisor / Safety Officer

1x2=2

Supervisor / Safety Officer

Flying sparks 3 x 4 = 12

Wear approved face shield or safety goggles with side shields. Wear proper body protection to protect skin. Wear flame-resistant ear plugs or ear muffs to prevent sparks from entering ears. Use approved ear plugs or ear muffs if noise level is high. Warn others nearby about noise hazard or keep signages along the working area. Wear face protection (helmet or shield) with a proper shade of filter lenses to protect your face and eyes from arc rays and sparks during welding. Wear approved safety glasses with side shields under your helmet or shield. Use protective screens or barriers to protect others from flash, glare and sparks; warn others not to watch the arc. Wear protective clothing made from durable, flame-resistant material (leather, heavy cotton, or wool) and foot protection.

1x2=2

Supervisor / Safety Officer

Prolonge noise exposure 2x4=8 Eye injury, Burns, Radiation

1x2=2

Supervisor / Safety Officer

2 0 1 2

3x3=9

1x2=2

Supervisor / Safety Officer

Fire or explosion hazard

4 x 5 = 20

Do not locate unit on, over, or near combustible surfaces. Do not install unit near flammables. Remove combustible material from the work area Keep fire extinguisher ready for use Depute trained fire watch Deploy trained and experienced personnel. Check welding machine and cables are in good condition. Do not pass cables over hot surfaces and sharp objects

2x3=6

Supervisor / Safety Officer

39

Sl. No. 5

Activity (Job Steps) Installation of instrument, instrument stand and support, conduit and cable trays

Potential Hazards Back pain and back injuries due to negative effect on manual handling

Severity x Probability (Initial risk level)

Required Control/Mitigation Measures & Checks

Residual Risk

Action Party

S E

H Q
*** 2 0 1 2
Pinch point hand injury

Ensure workers are familiar to the task Stretch before working Take frequent breaks from repetitive work tasks Sit up straight, no matter the type of work being done When appropriate, use protective materials, such as wrist pads Do a buddy system when lifting more than 20 kgs., or long piece of pipes. 3 x 3 = 9 Organizing manual handling tasks in a safe way, with 1 x 2 = 2 loads split into smaller ones, and proper rest periods provided. Providing information and training to workers on tasks, and the use of equipment and correct handling techniques.

Supervisor / Safety Officer

Identify possible pinch point hazards during activities. Focus on objects that move or possibly could move Be aware of pinch points created by objects that move and come into direct or close contact with relatively fixed objects 2 x 5 = 10 Be on guard whenever you put your hands, fingers, toes, or feet "between" anything. Discuss and point out pinch point hazards to the worker by conducting toolbox talks.

1x3=3

Supervisor / Safety Officer

40

Sl. No. 6

Activity (Job Steps) Use of portable hand and power tools

Potential Hazards Dust, fumes and sparks generated by hand and power tools

Severity x Probability (Initial risk level)

Required Control/Mitigation Measures & Checks Keep your head out of the fumes. Do not breathe the fumes. Use enclosure and proper ventilation Implementing work rest schedules and safe work practices Wear respirator if necessary or 3M P1 mask

Residual Risk

Action Party

2x3=6

1x2=2

Supervisor / Safety Officer

S H E Q
*** 2 0 1 2

Falling, flying, abrasive, and splashing objects

Wear face protection (helmet or shield) with a proper shade of filter lenses to protect your face and eyes from arc rays and sparks during welding. Wear approved safety glasses with side shields under your helmet or shield. 3 x 4 = 12 Use protective screens or barriers to protect others from flash, glare and sparks; warn others not to watch the arc. Wear protective clothing made from durable, flame-resistant material (leather, heavy cotton, or wool) and foot protection. Ensure workers properly trained to use power tools. Dont assigned a workers without appropriate training to do 3 x 4 = 12 the task Tools must properly select for the particular operation. Hand and power tools must inspected prior to use and maintained in accordance with the manufacturers instructions and recommendations and must be used only for the purpose for which they are designed. A copy of the manufacturers instructions and recommendations must be maintained along with the tools. Hand and power tools must be inspected, tested and determined to be in safe operating condition before use. Continued periodic inspections must be made to assure safe operating condition and proper maintenance. Tools having defects that will compromise safety of workers must be removed from service. All tools must be kept in safe working condition, stored properly in suitable containers and protected against corrosion.

1x2=2

Supervisor / Safety Officer

Untrained and/or unauthorized person working with the tools Injuries with hand and power tools occur due to misuse or improper maintenance of tools.

1x2=2

Supervisor / Safety Officer

2x3=6

1x2=2

Supervisor / Safety Officer

41
Accidental starting that 2x3=6 Do not hold fingers on the switch button while carrying a 1x2=2 Supervisor / Safety

Sl. No.

Activity (Job Steps)

Potential Hazards

Severity x Probability (Initial risk level)

Required Control/Mitigation Measures & Checks

Residual Risk

Action Party

Working in dusty area

Work during extreme weather/ climate conditions.

S E

Dust causing for respiratory and eye decease. Heat Stress, stroke, exhaustion and over fatigue

2x3=6

Use appropriate dust mask or P1 is suitable for dust particulates.

1x2=2

Supervisor

H Q

*** 2
9 10 Working during sandstorm Housekeeping

Ensure 100% availability of drinking water at site. Encourage and remind workers to drink water or rehydration juices frequently Frequent rest cycle is highly recommended during high humidity index 3 x 5 = 15 Resting shed shall be provided for the workers and shall be strategically located near the actual working area. Field supervision/ HSE personnel shall closely monitor the condition of workers, intervene as the need arises.

1x2=2

Supervisor / Safety Officer

0 1 2

Poor visibility/ Dust

3 x 4 = 12

In addition to basic PPE and HIVIS Vest, dust mask 1x2=2 (P1) shall be worn Place equipment in orderly manner

Supervisor / Safety Officer

Trips, stumble or foot puncture 3 x 4 = 12

Keep work location and access safe Keep area clean daily & weekly basis, remove debris and store material tidily safely.

1x2=2

Supervisor / Safety 42 Officer

The mid-rail is missing on the upper platform, a key component of a guardrail system.

The worker doesnt have safe access to the scaffold, and would have to climb through the guardrails to access the upper platform.

There is a bucket near the edge. If excess material could fall off the scaffold, a toe board should be used.

S E

The access ladder is too short (it must be long enough to project approximately 1 m (3 ft.) above the upper landing to which it provides access).

There is a dangerous gap in the middle of the upper level platform a slip/trip hazard. The worker not wearing a safety harness.

H Q
2 0

The cross brace is missing from the back of the scaffold (it must be erected according to the manufacturers instructions).

***

The scaffold has a lockout tag placed on it, indicating the scaffold is unfinished and should not be used.

The lower level platform is unfinished. The worker needs a guardrail to use it.

1 2

43

Any Question?
S H E Q
*** 2 0 1 2
44

Philippine Association of Safety Engineers

S H E Q
*** 2 0 1 2

S. H. E. Q. *** 2012

45