Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
September 2012
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Contents
1. VOCABULARY/TEXTS/SITUATIONS ......................................................................................... 2 20 Questions Before Starting ............................................................................................................. 2 10 Steps to Starting a Business ........................................................................................................... 3 Writing Effective Job Descriptions ...................................................................................................... 4 Introduction to a Company People and Workplaces ....................................................................... 5 Company Structure ............................................................................................................................ 6 Writing Notes and Reports ................................................................................................................. 7 The process of solving commercial problems ..................................................................................... 8 What is marketing? .......................................................................................................................... 10 Doing business online: the basics ..................................................................................................... 11 Unethical behaviour in doing business ............................................................................................. 12 Job descriptions................................................................................................................................ 14 Company profile ............................................................................................................................... 17 What is a company profile? .............................................................................................................. 18 8 Rules for Good Customer Service .................................................................................................. 19 2. 3. 4. TALKING ABOUT THOUGHTS AND QUOTES .......................................................................... 22 TALKING ABOUT PHOTOS /PICTURES ................................................................................... 23 ROLE PLAY .......................................................................................................................... 27
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1. VOCABULARY/TEXTS/SITUATIONS
So youve got what it takes to be an entrepreneur? Now, ask yourself these 20 questions to make sure youre thinking about the right key business decisions: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Why am I starting a business? What kind of business do I want? Who is my ideal customer? What products or services will my business provide? Am I prepared to spend the time and money needed to get my business started? 6. What differentiates my business idea and the products or services I will provide from others in the market? 7. Where will my business be located? 8. How many employees will I need? 9. What types of suppliers do I need? 10. How much money do I need to get started? 11. Will I need to get a loan? 12. How soon will it take before my products or services are available? 13. How long do I have until I start making a profit? 14. Who is my competition? 15. How will I price my product compared to my competition? 16. How will I set up the legal structure of my business? 17. What taxes do I need to pay? 18. What kind of insurance do I need? 19. How will I manage my business? 20. How will I advertise my business?
Adapted from articles at http://www.sba.gov
Exercise: Check any unknown words and try to answer the questions for your business or the company/firm that you are working in at the moment.
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Exercise: Check any unknown words and give a short summary of the steps in your own words.
www.bizstartsmilwaukee.com
There are a number of available programs to assist start-ups, micro businesses, and underserved or disadvantaged groups. Environmentally-Friendly "Green" Business Home-Based Business Online Business Self Employment Exercise: explain what the above given businesses are like and talk about a few of their characteristics or specialities.
Summary of the general nature and level of the job Description of the broad function and scope of the position List of duties or tasks performed critical to success Key functional and relational responsibilities in order of significance Description of the relationships and roles within the company, including supervisory positions, subordinating roles and other working relationships Additional Items for Job Descriptions for Recruiting Situations Job specifications, standards, and requirements Job location where the work will be performed Equipment to be used in the performance of the job Collective Bargaining Agreements if your company's employees are members of a union Salary range
Adapted from articles at http://www.sba.gov
Exercise: Read the text and try to give relevant information about the job that you do or would like to do in future.
Different people work in different companies. Some positions are the same in different companies, but there are some professions which are original.
Generally, the people who work for a company, all the people on its payroll are its employees, personnel, staff or workforce (workers). Usually, these words mean the people carrying out the work of a company rather than leading and organizing it, which is the management. Activities of various companies may be spread over different sites. A companys most senior managers work in its head office or headquarters (HQ). Some 5|P age
managers have their own individual offices, but most employees work in open plan offices (area where many people work together). Administration (informally called admin) is often done in offices by administrative staff or support staff. In some larger companies, there is a human resource department, which deals with recruitment, pays etc. In this area, lower positions are called human resources whereas higher positions are called human resources management. The name of this department can also be the personnel department. Exercise 1: Choose the best word from the words in the brackets to fill the gap. 1. We have 150 people on our __________ (recruitment/business/payroll). 2. Our main office is in Bratislava, but we have __________ all over the country (companies/places/sites). 3. Mrs. Kook is in charge of training in the human __________ department (resources/ staff/support). 4. Our _________ department is responsible for recruitment. (employee/worker/personnel) Mr. Kook is the head of the ____________ team (staff/ management/organization).
Company Structure
a) Departments
There are nationalized companies belonging to the state, on the other hand there are private companies, which can be small firms with one owner, or large firms with thousands of shareholders.
A company can be divided into five functional areas of activities, namely, Human Resources, Production, Distribution, Planning & Engineering and Public Relations . The Human Resources and Public relations activities are conducted at the Main Office while the Production, Distribution and Planning activities are conducted at the production plant. The organizational structure of some larger companies is very hierarchical with a board of directors at the top and the various departmental heads reporting to them. Often the only time shareholders can influence the board is at the yearly shareholders meeting.
us.123rf.com
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Exercise : Practice the learned vocabulary. Connect the suitable pair of words. Multinational Big Non-profit Departmental work corporation business airlines
Commercial
Voluntary
head
organization
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Parts Introduction
Appendices
Every formal written report should have this structure. In some cases, you may need to have elements such as recommendations or appendices, sometimes they are not necessary. Exercise: use the exercises in the ROLE-PLAY chapter and give reports on specific topics.
Exercise: Look at the phases below and decide which problem area they correspond to. A. Im afraid a late delivery is not a matter solved in my department. B. Let me make sure Ive got that. You are saying that the total cost was wrong. C. This invoice hasnt been paid yet! D. Thats entirely my fault. It looks I misspelt your address. E. We have a small problem here. The model of the device does not correspond to our order F. For the time being, I suggest you write a complaint and explain what you called poor service... G. Well replace all the faulty parts. H. I may be able to suggest an answer to how to improve the quality of your service providers I. Im really sorry but the order went out too late. The parcel should arrive in a day. J. Im not happy about your after-sales services. K. There is a major problem with the receipt you sent me. L. It just does not work. 8|P age
Making it clear
When you receive a complaint or any other important information, it is very important to double-check the information to make sure it is accurate. These are some useful phrases that should help you. I see, just a moment/second/minute. Can you go through that again, please? Could you please slow down and speak up? Let me see if I have understood. Youre saying that Let me run through this again. Youre saying that Let me check that Ive got it right. Youre saying that
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What is marketing?
These days marketing influences and often even controls every part of a companys activities. Marketing is the process of planning, designing, pricing, promoting and distributing goods, services and ideas in order to satisfy customers needs and to make profit.
The marketing concept we have to produce what customers want, not what we want to produce. The costumer first this means that we organize the company so that this happens. Market research we must find out what customers want. Supply we must supply exactly what customers want. Marketing mix the activities that you have to combine successfully in order to sell. We can do this by offering the four Ps i.e. the right product at the right price, available through the right place of distribution, and presented in the right way promotion.
Exercise: There are many ways of attracting customers to your product. Look at the list below and describe the possible ways of marketing in short. 1. Sales literature 2. Packaging 3. Personal selling 4. Point of sale advertising 5. Public relations 6. Publicity 7. Show-rooms 8. Sponsorship 9. Telephone sales 10. Trade fairs 11. Word of mouth
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Some other ways of promotional activities: A special offer (e.g.: discount or reduced price) A free sample (small amount of a product to taste or try) A free gift (given with the product) Competition with prizes Cross-promotion (you buy 1 product and you are recommended to buy another that may go with it) Product endorsement (famous people recommend a product) Loyalty cards (usually given by supermarkets; the more you spend, the more points you get and you can exchange them for free goods)
Adapted from the online course Teaj angleine za direktorje available with VERLAG DASHFER
Exercise: Explain the underlined words and discuss briefly the aspects of doing business online.
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findfulfillflourish.files.wordpress.com
7. Rejecting liability
im.ftadviser.com
8. Discrimination
3.bp.blogspot.com
9. Corruption
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static5.depositphotos.com Adapted from the article Top 10 Unethical Business Actions at http://listverse.com
Exercise: Look at the examples of unethical behaviour in doing business and the pictures above. Explain and discuss each of them in short.
JOB DESCRIPTIONS
Managers job description 1) Sets objectives. The manager sets goals for the group, and decides what work needs to be done to meet those goals. 2) Organizes. The manager divides the work into manageable activities, and selects people to accomplish the tasks that need to be done. 3) Motivates and communicates. The manager creates a team out of his people, through decisions on pay, placement, promotion, and through his communications with the team. 4) Measures. The manager establishes appropriate targets and yardsticks, and analyzes, appraises and interprets performance. 5) Develops people. With the rise of the knowledge worker, this task has taken on added importance. In a knowledge economy, people are the companys most important asset, and it is up to the manager to develop that asset. Here's a list of the eight tasks of management:
Analyzing - Figuring things out Organizing - Designing processes and practices, and the org chart Planning and scheduling - Budgeting, establishing priorities, and deciding what happens when. Negotiating - Self-explanatory
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Provisioning - Making sure employees have the tools they need to do their work. Overseeing - Making sure employees do their work. Administering - Taking care of paperwork and related day-to-day minutia. Delivering - Getting the department's work out the door.
Common tasks for the majority of secretaries/administrators include word processing, audio and copy typing, letter writing, dealing with telephone and email enquiries, creating and maintaining filing systems, keeping diaries, arranging meetings/appointments and organising travel for staff. Depending on the sector, the role may also include many of the following: using a variety of software packages, such as Microsoft Word, Outlook, PowerPoint, Excel, Access, etc., to produce correspondence and documents and maintain presentations, records, spreadsheets and databases; devising and maintaining office systems; booking rooms and conference facilities; using content management systems to maintain and update websites and internal databases; attending meetings, taking minutes and keeping notes; invoicing; managing and maintaining budgets; liaising with staff in other departments and with external contacts; ordering and maintaining stationery and equipment supplies; sorting and distributing incoming post and organising and sending outgoing post; liaising with colleagues and external contacts to book travel and accommodation; organising and storing paperwork, documents and computer-based information; photocopying and printing various documents, sometimes on behalf of other colleagues Other duties may include: recruiting, training and supervising junior staff and delegating work as required;
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manipulating complex statistical data; arranging both in-house and external events
Purchasing manager's job description seeking reliable vendors or suppliers to provide quality goods at reasonable prices negotiating prices and contracts reviewing technical specifications for raw materials, components, equipment or buildings determining quantity and timing of deliveries (more commonly in small companies) forecasting upcoming demand Maintain records of goods ordered and received. Locate vendors of materials, equipment or supplies, and interview them in order to determine product availability and terms of sales. Prepare and process requisitions and purchase orders for supplies and equipment. Control purchasing department budgets. Interview and hire staff, and oversee staff training. Review purchase order claims and contracts for conformance to company policy. Marketing managers job description A marketing manager may do some or all of the following: organise and analyse market research and surveys, and generate reports on products, services, consumers and sales monitor customer demand, sales, goods produced and/or services delivered help develop new products and services using research, customer feedback and other methods of information gathering identify and implement communication strategies, such as advertising campaigns, to attract customers identify target markets and work out how to deliver a message to particular groups prepare marketing plans, including budgets and progress reports decide on pricing and special deals for goods and services analyse customer feedback and monitor customer satisfaction Exercise: Check the vocabulary, summarize the main tasks of each job and give a description of your job position.
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COMPANY PROFILE
Web Site Challenges? Get A Single Page Online Business Profile: Short, Sweet, To The Point
Almost every business should have a multi-page web site giving pertinent information about their business at the very least. This information should include robust information on the core products or services you sell, information about your companys management, news, customer support information and more. Of course this web site should also be alive and contain a blog of fresh i nformation, an oasis of insight for your customers and your industry overall. On the other hand, some business owners might be very challenged with developing a full scale web site. Maybe their business is so small that they feel there is not much information they have to put online or some other reason. In this case one quick solution is to create a one-page profile page about your web site. Recently, I was clued into a similar service for businesses. This service is by Formstack and it is called ShoutMy.biz. Your one page profile page is mobile friendly and contains analytics giving you some insight into who visits your profile. ShoutMy.biz lets you add an invitation to join your Facebook page, Google Map to your business, Twitter stream and information from Yelp to your profile. If youre looking to create a simple yet enriching profile page about your business, give ShoutMy.biz a look. There are many other options, including local directory listings such as Manta.com, Local.com, Merchant Circle, Yelp and others. Youll find these listin g search engine friendly and also full of features youll like as you start out with your online identity or supplement one you already have.
Adapted from http://www.smallbiztechnology.com
Exercise: Check the vocabulary. What sort of web site would you choose for your company/the company you work for? What sort of information would you include?
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Exercise: Read the text and then put together a profile for the company you work for. Present it to your partner and then listen to your partners presentation and take notes of the important information that you hear.
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Good customer service is the lifeblood of any business. You can offer promotions and slash prices to bring in as many new customers as you want, but unless you can get some of those customers to come back, your business won't be profitable for long. Good customer service is all about bringing customers back. And about sending them away happy - happy enough to pass positive feedback about your business along to others, who may then try the product or service you offer for themselves and in their turn become repeat customers. If you're a good salesperson, you can sell anything to anyone once. But it will be your approach to customer service that determines whether or not youll ever be able to sell that person anything else. The essence of good customer service is forming a relationship with customers a relationship that that individual customer feels that he would like to pursue. How do you go about forming such a relationship? By remembering the one true secret of good customer service and acting accordingly; "You will be judged by what you do, not what you say." I know this verges on the kind of statement that's often seen on a sampler, but providing good customer service IS a simple thing. If you truly want to have good customer service, all you have to do is ensure that your business consistently does these things: 1) Answer your phone. Get call forwarding. Or an answering service. Hire staff if you need to. But make sure that someone is picking up the phone when someone calls your business. (Notice I say "someone". People who call want to talk to a live person, not a fake "recorded robot".) 2) Don't make promises unless you will keep them. Not plan to keep them. Will keep them. Reliability is one of the keys to any good relationship, and good customer service is no exception. If you say, Your new
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bedroom furniture will be delivered on Tuesday, make sure it is delivered on Tuesday. Otherwise, don't say it. The same rule applies to client appointments, deadlines, etc. Think before you give any promise - because nothing annoys customers more than a broken one. 3) Listen to your customers. Is there anything more exasperating than telling someone what you want or what your problem is and then discovering that that person hasn't been paying attention and needs to have it explained again? From a customer's point of view, I doubt it. Can the sales pitches and the product babble. Let your customers talk and show them that you are listening by making the appropriate responses, such as suggesting how to solve the problem. 4) Deal with complaints. No one likes hearing complaints, and many of us have developed a reflex shrug, saying, "You can't please all the people all the time". Maybe not, but if you give the complaint your attention, you may be able to please this one person this one time and position your business to reap the benefits of good customer service. 5) Be helpful - even if there's no immediate profit in it. The other day I popped into a local watch shop because I had lost the small piece that clips the pieces of my watch band together. When I explained the problem, the proprietor said that he thought he might have one lying around. He found it, attached it to my watch band and charged me nothing! Where do you think I'll go when I need a new watch band or even a new watch? And how many people do you think I've told this story to? 6) Train your staff (if you have any) to be always helpful, courteous, and knowledgeable. Do it yourself or hire someone to train them. Talk to them about good customer service and what it is (and isn't) regularly. (Good Customer Service: How to Help a Customer explains the basics of ensuring positive staff-customer interactions.) Most importantly, give every member of your staff enough information and power to make those small customer-pleasing decisions, so he never has to say, "I don't know, but so-and-so will be back at..." 7) Take the extra step. For instance, if someone walks into your store and asks you to help them find something, don't just say, "It's in Aisle 3". Lead the customer to the item. Better yet, wait and see if he has questions about it, or further needs. Whatever the extra step may be, if you want to provide good customer service, take it. They may not say so to you, but people notice when people make an extra effort and will tell other people.
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8) Throw in something extra. Whether it's a coupon for a future discount, additional information on how to use the product, or a genuine smile, people love to get more than they thought they were getting. And dont think that a gesture has to be large to be effective . The local art framer that we use attaches a package of picture hangers to every picture he frames. A small thing, but so appreciated. If you apply these eight simple rules consistently, your business will become known for its good customer service. And the best part? The irony of good customer service is that over time it will bring in more new customers than promotions and price slashing ever did!
http://sbinfocanada.about.com
Exercise: Read the article. Make sure you know how to explain all the underlined words. Then discuss in short every of the eight steps explaining the importance of it, giving examples of good practice, etc.
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Because we don't think about future generations, they will never forget us. Henrik Tikkanen Don't blow it - good planets are hard to find. Quoted in Time Modern technology Owes ecology An apology. Alan M. Eddison The computer was born to solve problems that did not exist before. Bill Gates The Internet is the world's largest library. It's just that all the books are on the floor. John Allen Paulos
Price is what you pay. Value is what you get. Warren Buffett
In business, sir, one has no friends, only correspondents. Alexandre Dumas Quality attracts quality Anonymous
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A brand is the perception that you are the only one who can solve their particular problem. AJ Kessler Marketing is the cost you pay for lousy products. Sergey Brin ...One of the interesting findings of the study is the stress involved in running a small business. They found that it was thrice as stressful (38%) as raising children (13%) and almost thrice to stay happily married (15%). (Could that be because these business owners have great marriages and children or because they cede that effort to their spouse?)...
Taken from an article at http://www.adjuvancy.com
ontopinternetmarketing.com
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usmilitary.com
csedweek.org
3vdesign.com
en.wikipedia.org
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us.123rf.com
us.123rf.com
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img682.imageshack.us
it.dreamstime.com
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4. ROLE PLAY
1. Read the ad, look at the statistics presented and give a short presentation on the topic. Small Business Energy Savings: Lower Your Business Overhead
Most small businesses require appliances that can consume a lot of energy. Our KiloWatt
Master products designed specifically for Small Business owners can optimize power consumption and energy costs. Save money on electricity bills, increase cash flow and start growing your small business into a large business. Small Business Cost Savings Profile
Payback Period as Fast as 3 Years With a 20 Year Service Life Save up to 15% on Monthly Electricity Costs Lower Business Overhead Lower Overall Energy Demand Charges Lower Facilities Charges Lower Tax On Total Electric Bill
http://www.xzeresenergy.com
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2. Go through this page for creating company profiles and provide your information. Then give a short presentation on it to your colleagues.
http://www.hagenbusiness.com
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3. Go through the statistics given in the table below and report on the topic.
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http://www.nccommerce.com
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4. Read this companys profile and give a presentation to your manager on why you chose them to do the finance for your company.
20/20 STRATEGIES, INC. dba 20/20 Bookkeeping & Tax Services specializing in accounting, bookkeeping
and tax preparation services for a wide variety of clients. We specialize in:
QuickBooks installation, training and conversion Online Bookkeeping and paperless office > SCAN > POST > SHRED Tax return filing and tax planning for individuals and businesses Bookkeeping and financial statements for small businesses Corporate tax return filing
http://www.20-20strategies.com
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5. Look at the statistics diagram below and give a short presentation on the topic.
http://www.adjuvancy.com
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6. Look at the information given below and explain the topic. Interpret the statistical data for Murray & Roberts. TIP-OFFS ANONYMOUS To support our commitment to conducting business honestly and with integrity, we subscribe to a service that allows all employees to report anonymously any unethical behaviour or dishonesty in the workplace. The hotline is managed by Deloitte & Touche and is completely independent of Murray & Roberts. All reports are investigated. In the year under review, the hotline received 59 contacts, of which 24 reports were generated (the breakdown of reports is provided below).
http://www.murrob-online.co.za/
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7. Look at the statistics below and give a short report on interpreting tha data on the Internet advertising spending.
The Interactive Advertising Bureau (IAB) in partnership with Price-water-house Coopers (PwC), just concluded a separate study which studied online search spending in 2011 increased to $14.8 billion from $11.7 Billion in 2010. In the fourth quarter of 2011, search was 46% of online ad spending, up from 43% in the same period of 2010. Bottom Line: This data is in line with what we all are seeing out there online advertising spending is going up, and search is the primary way that potential customers interact with the internet and all of its information. Mobile Search is growing quickly, and online advertisers are scrambling to create mobile sites and responsive web design sites to interact effectively with that market.
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8. Look at the information given below and give a short presentation of this company which is your potential business partner.
http://aggreko2011.html.investis.com
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9. Look at the diagram below and interpret the data in a short report.
www.ericsson.com
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