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1. Frontal Lobe:-
Makes one third (1/3) of cerebral cortex>>>>
Primary Motor Cortex (Area 4):
- Is located in the posterior portion of the frontal lobe. It works in association with pre-motor areas to plan and execute movements.
- Lesion will cause result in paralysis/paresis (partial loss of movement, or impaired movement) of contra-lateral body area.
Pre-motor Cortex (Area 6)
- It is responsible for sensory guidance of movement and control of proximal and trunk muscles of the body.
- Lesion will cause result in Apraxia (loss of the ability to execute or carry out learned purposeful movements, despite having the
desire and the physical ability to perform the movements).
Frontal Eye Field (Inferior Part of Area 8)
- Stimulation produces conjugate eye movement to contralateral side.
- Lesion produces transient deviation of eyes to ipsilateral side and paralysis of contralateral gaze.
Supplementary Motor Area (Parts of Areas 6 and 8)
- Stimulation produces posturing responses such as turning head and eyes toward moving arm & Programming for complex
movements involving several parts of the body.
Prefrontal Cortex (Areas 9, 10, 11, 12, 32, 46, and 47)
- Nearly 1/4 of all cortex & Orbitofrontal area functions in visceral and emotional activities & Dorsolateral area functions in
intellectual activities such as planning, judgment, problem solving and conceptualizing.
- Lesion will cause loss of initiative, careless dress, loss of sense of acceptable social behavior.
Broca’s Area (Area 44 & 45)
- language production and language comprehension (It has direct connections for the muscles responsible for the movements of the
tongue, lips, vocal cord, and pharynx).
o Lesion will cause motor aphaisa (is a language disorder in which there is an impairment (but not loss) of speech and of comprehension
of speech.) but only when the dominant hemisphere is involved. The patient knows what he wants to say but speech is slow, deleting
many prepositions and nouns, certain words are skipped and missed or words are repeated.
2. Parietal Lobe:-
Includes over one fifth (1/5) of total cortex>>>>
4. Occipital Lobe:
primary visual cortex (Areas 17)
- Macular vision (is vision in which each eye is used separately. By using the eyes in this way, as opposed by binocular vision, the
field of view is increased, while depth perception is limited. The eyes are usually positioned on opposite sides of the animals head
giving them the ability to see two objects at once.) in posterior part
- Lesion causes homonymous hemianopsia (partial blindness resulting in a loss of vision in the same visual field of both eyes.)