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SENTENCE STRUCTURES (TENSES) There are 4 main sentence structures ( Tenses ) in English Language.

They are then divided into 3 sub sentence structures ( present, past, future ). These are the basis of constructing correct sentences. Study each of the structure carefully and complete the exercises given. Main Sentence Structures 1. 2. 3. 4. The Simple Tenses The Progressive / Continuous Tenses The Perfect Tenses The Perfect Progressive Tenses

Sub-structures 1. The Simple Tenses a. The Simple Present b. The Simple Past c. The Simple Future 2. The Progressive Tenses a. The Present Progressive Tenses b. The Past Progressive Tenses c. The Future Progressive Tenses 3. The Perfect Tenses a. The Present Perfect Tenses b. The Past Perfect Tenses c. The Future Perfect Tenses 4. The Perfect Progressive Tenses a. The Present Perfect Progressive Tenses b. The Past Perfect Progressive Tenses c. The Future Perfect Progressive Note : 1. All the examples given are from the same sentences. The only changes made are to the verbs in which reflect each of the structures or tenses. The progression of the tenses can be seen clearly in the examples. 2. Teachers are encouraged to use this module according to the students ability. Preferably, one topic per class. Explain thoroughly and slowly. Repetition is advisable until the students understand.

1. The Simple Tenses a. The Simple Present ( singular subjects add s, es, ies / plural subjects no need to add s ) Examples : - It snows in Alaska. ( singular subject takes singular verb add s / es / ies ) - Ali plays football at the field. ( singular subject takes singular verb add s / es / ies ) - They shoot the tiger. ( plural subject takes plural verb no s ) - I eat nasi lemak every morning. ( I is considered as special noun and act as plural without s) b. The Simple Past ( regular verbs add d, ed / irregular verbs have to change the verbs ) Examples : - It snowed in Alaska. ( regular verb add ed ) - Ali played football at the field. ( regular verb add ed ) - They shot the tiger. ( irregular verb change the verb ) - I ate nasi lemak yesterday ( irregular verb change the verb ) c. The Simple Future ( remember to always put will / shall = will + verb ) Examples : - It will snow in Alaska - Ali will play football at the field. - They will shoot the tiger - I will eat nasi lemak tomorrow Note: regardless the subject is singular or plural, there is no need to put s, es, ies after the will or shall. 2. The Progressive / Continuous Tenses ( verb to be + ing refer to SVA table, column 2) a. The Present Progressive / Continuous Tenses ( am / is / are + ing ) Examples : - It is snowing in Alaska. - Ali is playing football at the field. - They are shooting the tiger. - I am eating nasi lemak this morning. b. The Past Progressive / Continuous Tenses (was / were + ing ) Examples : - It was snowing in Alaska. - Ali was playing football at the field. - They were shooting the tiger. - I was eating nasi lemak yesterday.

c. The Future Progressive / Continuous Tenses ( will + be + ing )

Examples : - It will be snowing in Alaska. - Ali will be playing football the field. - They will be shooting the tiger. - I will be eating nasi lemak next week. 3. The Perfect Tenses ( has / have / had + past participle ) a. The Present Perfect Tenses ( has / have + past participle ) Examples : - It has snowed in Alaska. - Ali has played football at the field. - They have shot the tiger. - I have eaten nasi lemak this morning. b. The Past Perfect Tenses ( had + past participle ) Examples : - It had snowed in Alaska. - Ali had played football at the field. - They had shot the tiger. - I had eaten nasi lemak last night c. The Future Perfect Tenses ( will + have + past participle ) Examples : - It will have snowed in Alaska. - Ali will have played football at the field. - They will have shot the tiger. - I will have eaten nasi lemak tonight. 4. The Perfect Progressive/Continuous Tenses ( has / have / had + been + ing ) a. The Present Perfect Progressive/Continuous Tenses ( has / have + been + ing ) Examples : - It has been snowing in Alaska. - Ali has been playing football at the field. - They have been shooting the tiger. - I have been eating nasi lemak.

Task 1 Construct one sentence for each verb according to the sentence structures given. Refer to the notes on The Simple Tenses. Tenses / Verbs drive carry take beat kick Task 2 Construct one sentence for each verb according to the sentence structures given. Refer to the notes on The Progressive / Continuous Tenses. Tenses / Verbs aim jump lay make paint Present Progressive Past Progressive Future Progressive The Simple Tense The Simple Past The Simple Future

Task 3 Construct one sentence for each of the sentence structure given. Refer to the notes on The Perfect Tenses. Tenses / Verbs fight grind haunt inform leave Task 4 Construct one sentence for each of the sentence structure given. Refer to the notes on The Perfect Progressive Tenses. Tenses / Verbs manage perform ride search teach Present Perfect Progressive Past Perfect Progressive Future Perfect Progressive Present Perfect Past Perfect Future Perfect

Task 5 Choose the correct tense 1. Successful people hardly ever ( sit, sat ) still. They ( have, had ) active minds and ( are, were ) always on the move, thinking of the next great idea. 2. I ( didnt see, havent see ) Ruhana lately. ( Did, Has ) she ( go, gone ) somewhere? 3. Since coming to Penang they ( visited, have visited ) many interesting places. Yesterday they ( spent, have spent ) the entire day visiting the old mansions around Armenian Street. 4. Hanis brother ( graduated, has just graduated ) from university two weeks ago, and he ( found, has found ) a job already. 5. Although many people ( have, had ) big ambitions, relatively few ever ( achieve, achieved ) them. One reason is that these people ( fail, failed ) to develop careful plan for realizing their goals. Task 6 Choose the correct tense from the bracket. 1. Damage to fragile goods ( is, are ) quite common. 2. One of the sheep ( was, were ) run over by a car. 3. Soft music ( has, have ) the power to calm frayed nerves. 4. Good help ( is, are ) hard to find! ( is, are ) the lament of every employer. 5. These pieces of information ( is, are ) not from the same source. 6. A number of sea mammals ( was, were ) rescued from the oil slick. 7. The captain of the tanker ( is, are ) unavailable for comment and neither ( is, are ) the crew. Everyone ( has, have ) been told to keep quiet. 8. The orchestra ( is, are ) led by a famous conductor. 9. A swarm of bees ( was, were ) seen here; I wonder where the hive ( is, are ). 10. The committee ( comprise, comprises )seven members, all of whom are students.

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