TEXT TYPE

GENRE

SOCIAL FUNCTION

GENERIC STRUCTURE
Orientation: provides the setting and introduces participants.

LANGUAGE FEATURES
Focus on specific participants. Use of material processes. Circumstance of time and place Use of past tense, i.e.simple past Focus on temporal sequence. Frequent use is made of words which link events in time, such as next, later, when, then, after, before, first, at the same time, etc.

A recount is a piece of text that retells past events, usually in the order in which they happened.

RECOUNT

Events: tell what happened, in what sequence. Teks Recount adalah teks yang berisi tentang Re-orientation (A pengalaman personal comment): pengalaman atau optional-closure of kejadian yang terjadi di events. masa lampau. Such as: Personal recounts, eg. Diary, personal letters, etc Factual retellings, eg. science experiment or news, police report, incidents reports. Imaginative recounts

A report is used to present information about something. Reports generally describe an entire class of things, whether natural or made and also social phenomena in our environment.

General classification: what phenomenon discussion is.

tells the under

Focus on generic participants. Use of Relational Processes to state what is and that which it is. Use of simple present tense (unless extinct) No temporal sequence

REPORT

Teks Report adalah teks yang isinya mendeskripsikan sesuatu (binatang/barang/tempat umum,dll) secara umum.

Description tells what the phenomenon under discussion is like in terms of (1) parts, (2) qualities, (3) habits or behaviors, if living; uses, if nonnatural.

Such as: Brochures, government and business report.

It is to inform the readers, listeners or viewers about events of the day which are considered newsworthy or important.

NEW ITEM

Newsworthy Event(s): recounts the event in summary form. Background Events: elaborate what happened, to whom, in what circumstances.

Short, telegraphic information about story captured in headline. Use of Material Processes to retell the event. Use of projectingVerbal Process es in Sources stage.

Sources: comments Focus on Circumstances by participants in, (e.g. mostly within witnesses to and Qualifiers). authorities expert on the event.

To present (at least) two Issue: points of view about an Statement issue. Preview

Focus on generic human and generic nonhuman Participants. Use of: Material Processes e.g. has produced, have developed, to feed. Relational Processes, e.g., is, could have, cause, are. -Mental Processes, e.g., feel. Use of Comparative: contrastive and Consequential conjunctions. Reasoning expressed as verbs and nouns (abstraction).

DISCUSSION

Teks Diskusi adalah teks yang menyajikan lebih Arguments for and dari satu point/ sudut against or Statement of pandang tentang suatu differing points of view. persoalan Point Ellaboration Such as: Pappers, essays and thesis. Conclusion or Recommendation.

ANECDOTE

Abstract: signals the Use of exclamations, retelling of an rhetorical questions and It is to share with others unusual incident. intensifiers (really, very, an account of an unusual quite, etc.) to point up the Orientation: sets the or amusing incident. significance of the events. scene Use of material processes Crisis: provides to tell what happened. details of the unusual incident. Use of temporal Such as: conjunctions. Reaction: reaction to Humour stories crises Coda: optional reflection on or evaluation of the incident.

Narrative is the telling of the story by using spoken or written language. It is usually not real, fiction. Teks Narratif adalah teks yang isinya tentang cerita (fiksi/non fiksi/dongeng/ cerita rakyat, dll) dan dalam alur plotnya selalu disertai dengan puncak masalah/ klimaks (complication) kemudian diikuti dengan penyelesaian masalah (Resolution).

Orientation: sets the scene and introduces the participants (who / what, where and when). Evaluation: a stepping back to evaluate the plight. Complication: a crisis arises. Resolution : the crisis is resolved, for better or for worse. Re-orientation: optional.

Focus on specific and usually individualized Participants. Use of Material, Mental and Relational Processes. Use of past tense Use of temporal conjunctions and temporal circumstances

NARRATIVE

Eg fairytales, legends, plays, science fiction, myths, novel, cartoons, adventure/ short stories.
The social function of Goal or aim. procedure text is Materials (not todescribe how something is required for all accomplished through a procedural texts) sequence of actions or Steps 1-n (i.e. Goal steps. followed by a series of steps oriented to achieving the Goal) Teks Prosedure adalah teks yang isinya mengenai langkah langkah /step bagaimana membuat / melakukan sesuatu. Eg. Recipes / cookbooks, craft instructions, game rules, science experiments/report. Focus on generalized human agents. Use of simple present, often imperative. Use mainly of temporal conjunctions (or numbering to indicate sequence). Use mainly of Material Processes.

PROCEDURE

Jenis-jenis text English

NARRATIVE Purpose: To amuse/entertain the readers and to tell a story Generic Structure: 1. Orientation 2. Complication 3. Resolution 4. Reorientation Dominant Language Features: 1. Using Past Tense 2. Using action verb 3. Chronologically arranged RECOUNT Purpose: to retell something that happened in the past and to tell a series of past event Generic Structure: 1. Orientation 2. Event(s) 3. Reorientation Dominant Language Features: 1. Using Past Tense 2. Using action verb 3. Using adjectives Narrative and recount in some ways are similar. Both are telling something in the past so narrative and recount usually apply PAST TENSE; whether Simple Past Tense, Simple Past Continuous Tense, or Past Perfect Tense. The ways narrative and recount told are in chronological order using time or place. Commonly narrative text is found in story book; myth, fable, folklore, etc while recount text is found in biography. The thing that makes narrative and recount different is the structure in which they are constructed. Narrative uses conflicts among the participants whether natural conflict, social conflict or psychological conflict. In some ways narrative text combines all these conflicts. In the contrary, we do not find these conflicts inside recount text. Recount applies series of event as the basic structure DESCRIPTIVE Purpose: to describe a particular person, place or thing in detail. Dominant Generic Structure: 1. Identification 2. Description Language Features: 1. Using Simple Present Tense 2. Using action verb 3. Using adverb 4. Using special technical terms REPORT Purpose: to presents information about something, as it is. Generic Structure 1. General classification 2. Description Dominant Language Feature 1. Introducing group or general aspect

2. Using conditional logical connection 3. Using Simple Present Tense EXPLANATION Purpose: To explain the processes involved in the formation or working of natural or socio-cultural phenomena. Generic Structure: 1. General statement 2. Explanation 3. Closing Dominant Language Features: 1. Using Simple Present Tense 2. Using action verbs 3. Using passive voice 4. Using noun phrase 5. Using adverbial phrase 6. Using technical terms 7. Using general and abstract noun 8. Using conjunction of time and cause-effect. ANALYTICAL EXPOSITION Purpose: To reveal the readers that something is the important case Generic Structure: 1. Thesis 2. Arguments 3. Reiteration/Conclusion Dominant Language Features: 1. Using modals 2. Using action verbs 3. Using thinking verbs 4. Using adverbs 5. Using adjective 6. Using technical terms 7. Using general and abstract noun 8. Using connectives/transition HORTATORY EXPOSITION Purpose: to persuade the readers that something should or should not be the case or be done Generic Structure: 1. Thesis 2. Arguments 3. Recommendation Dominant Language features: 1. Using Simple Present Tense 2. Using modals 3. Using action verbs 4. Using thinking verbs 5. Using adverbs 6. Using adjective 7. Using technical terms 8. Using general and abstract noun 9. Using connectives/transition Then what is the basic difference between analytical and hortatory exposition. In simple word.

Analytical is the answer of How is/will while hortatory is the answer of How should. Analytical exposition will be best to describe How will student do for his examination? The point is the important thing to do. But for the question How should student do for his exam? will be good to be answered with hortatory. It is to convince that the thing should be done PROCEDURE Purpose: to help readers how to do or make something completely Generic Structure: 1. Goal/Aim 2. Materials/Equipments 3. Steps/Methods Dominant Language Features: 1. Using Simple Present Tense 2. Using Imperatives sentence 3. Using adverb 4. Using technical terms DISCUSSION Purpose: to present information and opinions about issues in more one side of an issue (For/Pros and Against/Cons) Generic Structure: 1. Issue 2. Arguments for and against 3. Conclusion Dominant Language Features: 1. Using Simple Present Tense 2. Use of relating verb/to be 3. Using thinking verb 4. Using general and abstract noun 5. Using conjunction/transition 6. Using modality 7. Using adverb of manner REVIEW Purpose: to critique or evaluate an art work or event for a public audience dominant Generic Structure: 1. Orientation 2. Evaluation 3. Interpretative Recount 4. Evaluation 5. Evaluative Summation Dominant Language features: 1. Focus on specific participants 2. Using adjectives 3. Using long and complex clauses 4. Using metaphor ANECDOTE Purpose: to share with others an account of an unusual or amusing incident Generic Structure: 1. Abstract 2. Orientation 3. Crisis 4. Reaction

5. Coda. Dominant Language Features: 1. Using exclamations, rhetorical question or intensifiers 2. Using material process 3. Using temporal conjunctions SPOOF Purpose: to tell an event with a humorous twist and entertain the readers Generic Structure: 1. Orientation 2. Event(s) 3. Twist Dominant Language Features: 1. Using Past Tense 2. Using action verb 3. Using adverb 4. Chronologically arranged NEWS ITEM Purpose: to inform readers about events of the day which are considered newsworthy or important Dominant Generic Structure: 1. Newsworthy event(s) 2. Background event(s) 3. Sources Dominant Language Features: 1. Short, telegraphic information about story captured in headline 2. Using action verbs 3. Using saying verbs 4. Using adverbs : time, place and manner.