RF Sources

Professor Richard Carter

Lancaster University Engineering Department 27th November 2007

Multiple-Beam Klystron for CLIC

Collaboration with Thales Electron Devices and CERN Chris Lingwood (PhD student) Current target design
1.3 GHz, 15 MW pk, 80% efficiency

Research challenges
Cavity design Interaction design Stability Electron optics
RGC Presentation to CI SAC 27 Nov 2007

Multiple-beam klystron cavity studies

20 beams
Reentrant Cavity Coaxial Cavity

TM 0 1

TM 10 1

Whispering Gallery

RGC Presentation to CI SAC 27 Nov 2007

Multiple-beam klystron interaction studies

Interaction design for 15 MW, 80% efficiency
CLIC MBK ( freq = 1.31 cavit 6 Qex ( cavit 2 f0 = 1.35 cavit 3 shift = 300 ) F = 1.30000 Pe = 1.000000e+001 Ps = 7.555e+005 % = 80.02
2.5

2 amplitude du courant de modulation (A)

1.5

harm 1 harm 2 harm 3 harm 4 I0 2*I0 Gaps

0.5

0 0.000E+00

5.000E+02

1.000E+03 Z MM

1.500E+03

2.000E+03

2.500E+03

RGC Presentation to CI SAC 27 Nov 2007

Klystron Transient Performance

Objective: Understand and model klystron transient performance for crab cavity control systems
TH2450 klystron amplifier
3 kW, 6 GHz, 45 MHz bandwidth

Research Assistant: Dr Richard Jenkins

RGC Presentation to CI SAC 27 Nov 2007

Small-signal results
TH2450 Klystron: Small-Signal Gain

Tube data supplied by Thales and CPI Tube modelled with

Linear model SLAC AJ-Disk code
Gain (dB)

50

40

30

20

Measured

Tube data confirmed Tuning of models not yet aligned with experiment

10

AJ-Disk Mathcad

0 5.95 6 6.05 6.1 6.15 6.2

Frequency (GHz)

RGC Presentation to CI SAC 27 Nov 2007

Transient performance
transient measurements for a 200kHz modulated signal

First ASK transient measurements

output signal /mV

4.5 4 3.5

input signal klystron

PSK measurements planned Modelling to be based on SLAC paper

T.L. Lavine, R.H. Miller, P.L. Morton and R.D. Ruth Transient analysis of multicavity klystrons PAC 1989, pp.126-128

3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 time /microseconds

RGC Presentation to CI SAC 27 Nov 2007

Radial inductive output tube

Collaboration with E2V Technologies PhD student: Sharon Crane (part-time)
Output cavity Cathode Grid bias and RF Input

RF Output

Input cavity Anode

Collector

Target 1 GHz, 1 MW c.w.

RGC Presentation to CI SAC 27 Nov 2007

Radial Inductive Output Tube

Research challenges
Electron optics Gridded electron gun Input cavity Output cavity Stability

RGC Presentation to CI SAC 27 Nov 2007

Stabilisation of c.w. magnetron oscillators

0 -2 0 -4 0

2 .4 4 0 2 .4 50 2 .4 6 0 2 .4 70

Dr Amos Dexter, Imran Tahir Phase-locked loop control of frequency Injection locking Phase locking to better than 1% Injected power 37dB

-6 0 -8 0 2 .4 3 0

Freerunning magnetron

F requency (GH z)

0 -20 -40 -60

2.43 2.44 2.45 2.46 2.47

-80

F requency (GH z)

Magnetron with PLL frequency control

0 -20 -40 -60 -80 2.4496 2.4498 2.45 2.4502 2.4504

RB W 2 KHz

F requency(GH z)

Magnetron with PLL control and injection

Tahir I., Dexter A.C and Carter R.G., Noise Performance of Frequency and Phase Locked CW Magnetrons operated as current controlled oscillators, IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, vol.52, no.9, pp.2096-2103, (2005)

RGC Presentation to CI SAC 27 Nov 2007

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CW Magnetrons: State of the Art

CW Magnetron Efficiency
100% 90% Efficiency 80% 70% 60% 50% 1 10 Power (kW) 100 1000
L Band
S Band
Shibata

Pf2 scaling from 100 kW at 915 MHz suggests that it should be possible to achieve at least * * 50 kW CW at > 80% efficiency at 1.3 GHz 2 MW CW at > 90% efficiency at 200 MHz
RGC Presentation to CI SAC 27 Nov 2007

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Comparison of Power Sources for IFMIF (1 MW CW at 200 MHz)

Diacrode IOT Magnetron

Anode voltage Anode current Efficiency

14 kV 103 A 71%

95 kV 16 A 65% (>75% with a multielement depressed collector 23 dB 5 kW Collector Yes (except the radial IOT) Would require 2 - 3 years R&D

60 kV 20 A 90 %

Gain Drive power Cooling Electromagnet Availability

13 dB 50 kW Anode No Yes

> 30 dB < 1 kW Anode and (probably) cathode Yes Would require 4 5 years R&D

RGC Presentation to CI SAC 27 Nov 2007

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The magnetron is an attractive possibility for future accelerators, BUT

Performance and reliability of a prototype must be demonstrated Industry would be unlikely to commit resources to such a speculative project Proposed research:
Stage 1: Detailed design study of a 50 kW, 1.3 GHz magnetron Stage 2: Build a prototype 50 kW, 1.3 GHz magnetron and install it on ERLP (e.g.) Stage 3: Detailed design study of a 1 MW, 200 MHz magnetron Stage 4: Build a prototype 1 MW, 200 MHz, magnetron and install it on MICE (e.g.)

The committees comments are invited

RGC Presentation to CI SAC 27 Nov 2007

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