MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY

DANIELLE HOPKINS JAKE BAUSCHER JOSH VANDENBUSH TJ WILLIAMS

WHAT IS MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY?

A group of inherited disorders that involve muscle weakness and loss of muscle tissue, which get worse over time Usually noticed between ages 3-7, primarily boys No physical indication at birth that a child has MD Results in deterioration of muscle strength, power, and endurance There is no way to stop the progression

TYPES OF MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY

Becker Muscular Dystrophy Duchene Muscular Dystrophy Emery-Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy Limb-girdle Muscular Dystrophy Myotonia Congenita Myotonic Dystrophy]
THE TWO MOST COMMON TYPES OF MD ARE DUCHENNE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY (DMD) AND BECKER MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY (BMD)

CAUSES OF DISABILITY
Caused by problems in the genes DMD and BMD are caused by a mutation on an xlinked recessive gene called dystrophin
In order for a female to possess MD, she has to have dystrophin mutations on both of her x-chromosomes, which is extremely rare Explains why MD is more common in males than females
He only needs to have the gene on that single X-chromosome to have the disorder

SYMPTOMS & CHARACTERISTICS

Early signs of the MD include:
Delay in walking, difficulty rising from sitting or laying position, frequent falling, weakness affecting shoulder and pelvic muscle

Other common symptoms include:

Clumsy movement, difficulty climbing stairs, trips and falls, tip toe walking, leg pain, and facial weakness

Tendency to tire quickly Tendency to lose fine motor control Progressive weakness causes negative postural changes Emotional disturbances
Ongoing deterioration and lack of socializing opportunities

BEHAVIOR & COGNITIVE EFFECTS

Some children with MD experience cognitive symptoms that are unrelated to behavior
Degree of cognitive and intellectual disability that a child with MD will experience can vary widely
Learning disabilities can range from ADHD to Autism

All children experience emotional ups and downs

Important to know the signs of when a child needs professional help
Attention span (like ADHD) Behavior regresses overly dependent Expresses all frustration with tantrums Overwhelmed or consumed by the illness Exhibits frequent bouts of irritability and anger Resists and avoids following treatment plan

ASSOCIATED MEDICAL CONDITIONS

Other medical complications that are linked to MD include:
Cardiomyopathy with heart failure Cataracts Decreased ability to care for ones self Decreased movement Depression Lung failure Tightening of muscles around the joints Scoliosis Learning difficulties
Related to slower speed at which a student with MD processes information Difficulty organizing and responding to new information

ACTIVITIES FOR A CHILD WITH MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY IN PE

Swimming
Allows student to use more of his strength to propel himself without fighting gravity Improves pulmonary ability Great opportunity to play with friends, without the child worrying about losing his balance, tripping, etc.
Feel like part of the group

Opportunity for swimming in the Platteville community:

University pool open to the public Summer: public pool

ACTIVITIES FOR A CHILD WITH MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY IN PE

Tricycle riding
Works on motor development Tricycle would be used due to balance issues children with MD posses Cardiovascular system Gives student freedom to move around the area available Available anywhere in the Platteville community where sidewalks are present This is an activity that could be incorporated into their every day life

ACTIVITIES FOR A CHILD WITH MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY IN PE

EZ rope
Method of jump roping without actually need to jump in time with the swinging motion
Simply a jump rope with the middle cut out

Child can swing and jump at his own pace

Or swing and not jump at all

Heart rate and breathing will increase No strain on muscles Every day activity a child with MD can take part of, anywhere

INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGIES
Keep muscles active, to maintain flexibility Stretch leg muscles regularly to increase flexibility

Avoid strength-building exercises that can further damage weak muscles

Avoid walking long distances Have a chair present to sit on because getting up from the floor can be very hard

ADAPTATIONS/MODIFICATIONS
Sport of baseball
Instead of baseball/softball use whiffle ball
Lighter Slower Easier to spot

Instead of regular bats use foam or plastic bats

Swinging becomes easier (lighter)

Using a batting tee will help student by allowing him to take his time and set up his swing Reduce the field of play
Reduce distances traveled Allows student to compete more meaningfully

ADAPTATIONS/MODIFICATIONS
Sport of Volleyball
Instead of regular volleyball use a beach ball
Lighter Floats in air longer

Instead of regular net height lower nets Decrease court size Rules
Allow ball to bounce before hitting Allow student to catch the ball and then toss, instead of hitting

COMMUNITY RECREATION/ COMPETITIVE SPORTS

Recreation
Swimming Ball Sports with modifications Hand-cycling Volleyball Bowling

Competitive Sports
Power Soccer Hand-cycling Boccia Ball http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=smi7bQ7JIbY

RESOURCES
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH00021 72/ http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/musculardystrophy/DS00200/DSECTION=symptoms (use for fact sheet) http://www.childrenshospital.org/az/Site1087/mainpage S1087P1.html http://www.parentprojectmd.org/site/DocServer/EdMatt ers-AdaptivePE.pdf?docID=2401 http://www.musculardystrophy.org/assets/0001/1477/Physio_booklet_web.pdf http://www.mda.org.au/Information/Recreation.asp