Demonstrations

0Ioucesfershire Leoding Science Teochers 0roup 1
GIoucestershire Leading Science

Teachers group
Short
Engaging
PracticaI
Demonstrations

Short engaging practical demonstrations

This collection of ideas has been gathered together by a group of Gloucestershire
science teachers who were looking for attention grabbing ideas to use as starter
activities or to re-engage pupils during a lesson.

Each example is linked to a science curriculum area with details of equipment
requirements and some suggestions for questions to ask pupils to think about.

We hope that you will find this to be a useful resource and that it inspires you to share
more of your own. If you have any comments, suggestions or ideas for activities please
contact the science team through sylvia.odell@gloucestershire.gov.uk

June 2006

Confribufors

Geoff Carr AST, Chipping Campden School
Ann Corbin Cheltenham Bournside School
Andrea Fisk Cheltenham Bournside School
Alex Fleming Gloucestershire Secondary Science consultant
David Harrison Gloucestershire Secondary Science consultant
Sue Hilton AST, Cleeve School
Janet McKechnie AST, Cheltenham Bournside School
Ashley Mortimer AST, Newent Community School
Sylvia Odell Gloucestershire Science Adviser
Sharron Pearson Maidenhill School
Lucy Pilkington Barnwood Park School
Mike Staley Chosen Hill School
Rachel Thomas Lakers School
Karen Warden-Lovell Chosen Hill School
Katy Weir Sir William Romneys School
Chantel Yeates Winchcombe School

Contents by title

Page Title Topic Year groups
4 Amorous meter Electricity 7/9 GCSE
5 Balloon in a bottle Air pressure Any
6 Balls in rice Forces Solids and liquids 7
7 Benhams disc Light and sight Any
8 Biscuit paper / Tea bag Heating and cooling Energy transfer 8 GCSE
9 Brain teaser Investigating Any
10 Bunsen flame Y7 introduction 7
11 Burning tenner Combustion Energy GCSE
12 Cabbage paper Acids and alkalis 7
13 Can you take the pressure Pressure and moments 9
14 Cell membranes Cells 7 A
15 Cornflour Particle model Forces 7
16 Egg and conical flask Gas pressure in S,L G 7
17 Exploding canister Rates of reaction Pressure 9 GCSE
18 Exploding crisp tube Gas explosion Newtons 3
rd
law 9 GCSE
19 Fire ball Combustion 9 GCSE
20 Floating egg Forces 7
21 Floating and sinking egg Chemical reactions Rocks and weathering 7/8
22 Floating and sinking cans Floating and sinking Drawing conclusions 7/8 GCSE
23 King Kongs hand Chemical reactions 8
24 Magnetic pen Forces Magnetism 7/8
25 Marshmallows and laces Forces 7
26 Model of blood Respiration Fit and Healthy 7/8 GCSE
27 Model digestive system Digestion 8 GCSE
28 Musical box Sound 8 GCSE
29 Raisins Forces Speed 7/9
30 Rates of reaction Rates of reaction Metal reactions 9 GCSE
31 Screaming jelly babies Chemical reactions Oxidation 8/9 GCSE
32 Semolina saucer Static electricity GCSE
33 Silver trees Displacement reactions 9
34 Swinging buzzer Big bang theory Doppler effect GCSE
35 Thermite Displacement reactions 9 GCSE
38 Tonic water Electromagnetic spectrum GCSE
39 Woodpecker Forces 7/9
40 Useful resources of more short engaging practical demonstrations
Contents by topic

Page Title Topic Year groups
40 Useful resources of more short engaging practical demonstrations
12 Cabbage paper Acids and alkalis 7
5 Balloon in a bottle Air pressure Any
34 Swinging buzzer Big bang theory Doppler effect GCSE
14 Cell membranes Cells 7 A
21 Floating and sinking egg Chemical reactions Rocks and weathering 7/8
23 King Kongs hand Chemical reactions 8
31 Screaming jelly babies Chemical reactions Oxidation 8/9 GCSE
11 Burning tenner Combustion Energy GCSE
19 Fire ball Combustion 9 GCSE
27 Model digestive system Digestion 8 GCSE
33 Silver trees Displacement reactions 9
35 Thermite Displacement reactions 9 GCSE
4 Amorous meter Electricity 7/9 GCSE
38 Tonic water Electromagnetic spectrum GCSE
22 Floating and sinking cans Floating and sinking Drawing conclusions 7/8 GCSE
6 Balls in rice Forces Solids and liquids 7
20 Floating egg Forces 7
24 Magnetic pen Forces Magnetism 7/8
25 Marshmallows and laces Forces 7
29 Raisins Forces Speed 7/9
39 Woodpecker Forces 7/9
18 Exploding crisp tube Gas explosion Newtons 3
rd
law 9 GCSE
16 Egg and conical flask Gas pressure in S,L G 7
8 Biscuit paper / Tea bag Heating and cooling Energy transfer 8 GCSE
9 Brain teaser Investigating Any
7 Benhams disc Light and sight Any
15 Cornflour Particle model Forces 7
13 Can you take the pressure Pressure and moments 9
17 Exploding canister Rates of reaction Pressure 9 GCSE
30 Rates of reaction Rates of reaction Metal reactions 9 GCSE
26 Model of blood Respiration Fit and Healthy 7/8 GCSE
28 Musical box Sound 8 GCSE
32 Semolina saucer Static electricity GCSE
10 Bunsen flame Y7 introduction 7

Amorous meter

Infroducfion

This experimenf fifs in weII fo IS3 EIecfricify ond Energy (9I). If is usefuI for
discussing voIfoge ond conducfivify of peopIe, buf if is oIso o fun woy of infroducing
eIecfrochemicoI pofenfioIs of IS4.

Pisk ossessmenf Pisk of cufs if pIofe edges ore nof smoofhed

Apporofus
PIofe of copper ond pIofe of ;inc
(bofh shouId be hond-si;ed ond hove smoofh edges fo reduce risk of cufs)
VoIfmefer fo reod befween +IV ond -IV (eg Iorge demo mefer)
Leods fo connecf mefoI pIofes fo voIfmefer

Mefhod
I. PupiIs pIoce I hond on eoch mefoI pIofe.
Z. VoIfmefer shouId reod befween 0.bV ond I.0V

ExpIonofion
The eIecfrochemicoI pofenfioI befween copper ond ;inc couses fhe reoding on fhe
voIfmefer. The pupiIs' bodies ocf os fhe conducfor. PupiIs producing fhe highesf
reoding hove fhe sweofiesf poIms (mosf omorous7).

Quesfions fo osk

I. Whof is fhe reoding on fhe voIfmefer (for onoIogue mefers)
Z. Whof do you nofice obouf fhe reoding for differenf pupiIs7
3. Why do you fhink fhis is7
How couId you fesf your ideo7
4. Why is fhe reoding oIwoys posifive/negofive7
How couId you chonge ifs poIorify7
b. How is fhe voIfoge produced7
o. Whof wiII hoppen if we use differenf mefoIs7
V
Cu Zn
uIIoon in u bottIe

Infroducfion

This experimenf is usefuI for demonsfrofing oir pressure ond fhof 'oir is reoI', buf
if is o usefuI 'feoser' for ony oge.

Pisk ossessmenf
Very Iow. OnIy one person shouId bIow up fhe boIIoon fo ovoid infecfion.

Apporofus
Empfy wofer boffIe of ony si;e up fo obouf I L
Moke o smoII hoIe (Z fo 4mm diomefer) neor fhe boffom.
PIoce o boIIoon inside ond wrop ifs open end oround fhe fop of fhe boffIe.

Mefhod
I. DiscrefeIy hoId your finger over fhe hoIe ond fry fo bIow up fhe boIIoon (if
won'f bIow up).
Z. Pemove your finger ond repeof - now if bIows up.
3. Wifh fhe boIIoon infIofed, repIoce your finger over fhe hoIe ond remove fhe
boffIe from your moufh - fhe boIIoon sfoys infIofed.
4. Prefend fo pour fhe oir ouf of fhe boffIe: fip if ond move your finger
sIighfIy so fhof fhe boIIoon defIofes sIowIy.
b. Pepeof fhese in ony order fo prove fhof you hove on obedienf boIIoonl

ExpIonofion
The oir in fhe boffIe con onIy move in ond ouf if fhe hoIe is open. If fhe hoIe is
cIosed, fhe boIIoon connof chonge shope os fhe oir in fhe boffIe is exerfing o
pressure on if.

Quesfions fo osk

I. Why won'f fhe boIIoon infIofe7
Z. When fhe boIIoon is infIofed, why doesn'f if go down when fhe person fokes
if owoy from fheir moufh7
3. How con fhe oir be poured sIowIy ouf of fhe boIIoon7

uIIs in rice

Infroducfion

This experimenf is usefuI for demonsfrofing fIoofing ond sinking (Forces ond fheir
effecfs, 7I) ond for discussing soIids ond Iiquids (70), buf if is o usefuI 'feoser' for
ony oge.

Pisk ossessmenf Very Iow.

Apporofus
Empfy fronsporenf boffIe or ofher confoiner wifh o wide neck.
FiII boffIe wifh Iong-groin rice.
PIoce o sfeeI boII on fhe fop of fhe rice ond o poIysfyrene boII o few cm beIow fhe
surfoce. 8ofh boIIs shouId be roughIy fhe some si;e, befween Icm ond Zcm
diomefer.

Mefhod
Shoke fhe boffIe quife vigorousIy so fhof fhe sfeeI boII sinks ond oppeors fo be
repIoced by fhe poIysfyrene boII os if rises fo fhe fop.

ExpIonofion
The rice behoves os o fIuidised bed (Iiquid). The sfeeI boII sinks becouse if is more
dense fhon fhe rice ond fhe poIysfyrene boII rises os if is Iess dense.

Quesfions fo osk

I. How hos fhe sfeeI boII furned info o poIysfyrene boII7
Z. How con fhese boIIs move fhrough fhe soIid rice7
3. Why does fhe sfeeI boII sink ond fhe poIysfyrene boII rise7
enhum's Disc

Infroducfion
This experimenf is usefuI for
discussing Iighf, sighf ond
percepfion of ony oge.
Apporofus
Copy of fhis poffern
sfuck onfo cord
Device fo oIIow
rofofion of fhe poffern eg
driII, furnfobIe, foy spinner,
eIecfric screwdriver efc
incondescenf Iighf
(fIuorescenf Iighf does nof
produce such o good effecf)

Mefhod
I. Affoch fhe disc fo fhe rofofing device ond spin if
Z. View fhe disc under incondescenf Iighf

ExpIonofion
CoIoured bonds wiII oppeor. Differenf peopIe see differenf infensifies of coIours on
fhis spinning disk. There ore fhree fypes of cones, sensifive fo red, green ond bIue
Iighf. Eoch fype of cone hos o differenf Iofency fime (fhe fime if fokes fo respond
fo o coIour) ond o differenf persisfence of response fime (fhe fime if keeps
responding offer fhe sfimuIus hos been removed). When you go;e of one pIoce on
fhe spinning disk, you ore Iooking of oIfernofing fIoshes of bIock ond whife. When o
whife fIosh goes by, oII fhree fypes of cones respond. 8uf your eyes ond broin see
fhe coIour whife onIy when oII fhree fypes of cones ore responding equoIIy. The
difference befween fhe Iofency ond response fimes Ieods fo on imboIonce fhof
porfIy expIoins why you see coIours.

Quesfions fo osk
I. Whof con you see7 Does everyone see fhis7
Z. Whof does fhis demonsfrofe obouf Iighf7
3. Whof voriobIes couId you invesfigofe7
iscuit puper/teubug

Infroducfion
This demonsfrofion fifs in weII fo Heofing ond CooIing (8I) ond IS4 Energy fronsfer
(convecfion) - buf if is greof fun of ony fimel
If promofes discussion of how convecfion currenfs ore coused ond how fhe moss of
on objecf chonges os if burns.

Pisk ossessmenf Do fhis in o room wifh o high, fire-resisfonf ceiIing.
Prevenf pupiIs from bIowing fhe burning poper.

Apporofus Wropper from Amoreffi biscuif or empfy fubuIor feo bog

Mefhod
I. Smoofh fhe poper, roII if info o cyIinder (biscuif poper onIy) ond sfond
uprighf onfo o heofproof mof.
Z. Lighf fhe fop of fhe cyIinder oII fhe woy round.
3. When fhe fIome reoches fhe boffom, fhe cyIinder (osh) wiII rise
dromoficoIIy (up fo fhe ceiIing if you ore Iucky).

ExpIonofion

The fIome creofes o convecfion currenf in fhe oir oround fhe poper
cyIinder (see diogrom). As fhe poper burns, ifs osh weighs Iess fhon
fhe originoI poper. EvenfuoIIy, fhe weighf of fhe osh becomes so smoII
fhof fhe convecfion currenf Iiffs if upwords.

Quesfions fo osk
I. Whof couses fhe osh fo rise7
Z. Why doesn'f fhe poper sforf rising neor fhe beginning of fhe experimenf7
3. Whof wouId hoppen if fhe poper wos (o) smoIIer or (b) Iorger7
(fhis wouId moke o good invesfigofion - fhere seems fo be on opfimum si;e
which is o compromise befween creofing on odequofe convecfion currenf
ond fhe weighf of fhe poper)

ruin Teuser

Infroducfion
SuifobIe for ScI.

Pisk ossessmenf Low risk

Apporofus

A sfrip of poper, opprox. Ib cm by 3cm
Z poper cIips

Mefhod
I. FoId fhe poper so fhof if mokes on 'S' shope ond
offoch fhe poper cIips os shown
Z. PuII fhe ends of fhe poper fo puII oporf fhe S

PesuIfs

The poper cIips fIy off ond end up sfuck fogefher.

Quesfions
I. Whof do you fhink is going fo hoppen7
Z. Whof hoppened7
3. Why did if hoppen7
4. How couId we moke fhis info on invesfigofion7
b. Are fhere ony voriobIes fhof you need fo consider7
unsen fIume

Infroducfion
This demonsfrofion con be used in Yeor 7 fo infroduce pupiIs fo fhe 8unsen burner.
If wouId oIso be usefuI Iofer on wifh ony fueI /combusfion or chemicoI reocfions
reIofed fopic.

Pisk ossessmenf: Low

Apporofus
8unsen burner Mofches FiIfer poper

Mefhod
I. Secure on unused mofch in fhe fop of o 8unsen burner (wifh fhe fip
uprighf) ond show fhof if doesn'f Iighf when fhe fIome is rooring (oir- hoIe
is open).
Z. 8riefIy hoId o piece of fiIfer poper over fhe rooring fIome for o very shorf
fime. You wiII be obIe fo feII which is fhe hoffesf by where fhe poper hos
burnf. This con oIso be done wifh fhe oir-hoIe cIosed ond hoIf open fo
compore.

When fhe oir hoIe is open fhere shouId be o ring fo show where fhe poper hos burnf
indicofing fhe hoffesf porf of fhe fIome.

Quesfions
I. Why do we oIwoys Iighf fhe 8unsen burner when fhe oir hoIe is cIosed7
Z. Why con'f you use o fhermomefer fo fesf which is fhe hoffesf porf of fhe
fIome7
3. How couId you find ouf which fIome is fhe hoffesf7
4. Whof ore fhe reocfonfs ond producfs of fhis chemicoI reocfion7
FiIfer poper
urning tenner

Infroducfion
This demonsfrofion couId be Iinked fo o FueI/Combusfion or Energy fopic.
efhonoI + oxygen -- corbon dioxide + wofer
C
Z
H
b
OH (I) + 3O
Z
(g) -- ZCO
Z
(g) + 3HZ0(I)

Pisk ossessmenf (Medium: refer fo CLEAPPS guidonce)
EfhonoI is highIy fIommobIe. Don'f gef fhe beokers mixed up.
Are you prepored fo risk one of your own fenners7

Apporofus 3 beokers
8unsen burner
Tongs
Z pieces of bonknofe si;ed poper
One fen pound nofe
EfhonoI
Wofer
Mefhod
I. Dip o bonknofe- si;ed piece of poper info o beoker confoining I00cmòf
wofer.
Z. Using fongs, pIoce fhe piece of poper info fhe fIome of o 8unsen burner. If
shouId nof burn.
3. Dip fhe ofher piece of poper info I00cmòf efhonoI.
4. Using fongs, pIoce fhe poper info fhe 8unsen fIome. If shouId burn.
b. Puf b0cm of efhonoI ond b0cmòf wofer info o beoker fo produce o b0:b0
mixfure.
o. Dip your fen pound nofe info fhe soIufion.
7. Using fongs, pIoce fhe fen pound nofe info fhe fIome.

PesuIfs
HopefuIIy your fenner shouIdn'f go up in fIomes. The efhonoI burns owoy buf fhe
wofer keeps fhe poper under ifs ignifion femperofure so if doesn'f burn. If works
oIong fhe some principIe os o fIoming Chrisfmos pudding.

Quesfions
I. Whof hoppens fo fhe porficIes of fhe Iiquids on fhe oufside of fhe fenner7
Z. How ond why is fhe heof energy fronsferred7
3. Why do you fhink fhe nofe in wofer does nof burn7
4. How con you moke fhis o foir fesf7
Cubbuge Puper

Infroducfion
This con be Iinked fo Acids ond AIkoIis (7E). WhiIe pupiIs ore using Iifmus
ond universoI indicofor poper, fhey con moke fheir own indicofor
poper. This con be done over fwo Iessons where fhe indicofor
poper is mode one Iesson ond used in fhe nexf Iesson.

Pisk ossessmenf
Weor sofefy goggIes when using ocids ond oIkoIis.
Use Iow concenfrofions
Pefer fo CLEAPSS guidonce

Apporofus
Ped cobboge
PesfIe ond morfor
FiIfer poper
SompIes of ocids ond oIkoIis -diIufe soIufions
Pipeffes

Mefhod
I. Chop up some red cobboge ond use pesfIe ond morfor fo crush, odding o
smoII omounf of wofer
Z. Droin of red cobboge juice. More wofer con be odded if needed fo diIufe
fhe soIufion
3. Sook some fiIfer poper in fhe 'jus de red cobboge' ond Ieove fo dry
4. Once dry, 'poinf' on some ocids ond oIkoIis, wrifing fheir inifioIs or moking o
drowing wifh if.

PesuIfs
Ped cobboge is o wonderfuI nofuroI indicofor. 'Sfomoch ocid' furns if pink, ond oven
cIeoner furns if green. If wiII gef fhem fhinking obouf fhe focfs fhof fhe coIour of
on indicofor con feII us if somefhing is on ocid or on oIkoIi.

Quesfions
I. Whof coIour does fhe red cobboge furn is fhe subsfonce is ocidic7
Z. Con you pick fhe subsfonce which is fhe mosf ocidic7
3. Why do you hove fo crush fhe cobboge7
Cun you tuke the pressure?

Infroducfion
This demonsfrofion couId be Iinked fo pressure ond momenfs (9L).

Pisk ossessmenf
Worn pupiIs obouf fhe Ioud popl Core shouId be foken wifh ony individuoIs of o
nervous disposifion

Apporofus
Z pre-prepored Pefri dishes, fhe firsf
wifh o singIe drowing pin sfuck down,
poinf up, fhe second fiIIed wifh pins,
sfuck down, poinfs up (moke sure fhey
ore oII fhe some IeveI)
A coupIe of boIIoons

Mefhod
I. 0ef fhe pupiIs fo predicf whof wiII hoppen
Z. Press fhe boIIoon ogoinsf fhe fuII Pefri dish. If shouIdn'f pop
3. Press fhe boIIoon ogoinsf fhe Pefri dish confoining fhe singIe pin.
If shouId pop.

PesuIfs
The pupiIs shouId be obIe fo expIoin in ferms of pressure, force ond oreo, why fhe
boIIoon didn'f bursf wifh Iofs of pins.

Quesfions
I. Why did fhe boIIoon bursf wifh onIy one pin7
Z. Why didn'f fhe boIIoon bursf when fhere were Iofs of pins7
3. How mony pins do you fhink you wouId need before fhe boIIoon no Ionger
bursf7
4. How con you reIofe fhis fo o bed of noiIs7
CeII Membrunes

Infroducfion
This nice IiffIe demo shows fhof fhe ceII membrone is nof o rigid sfrucfure, ond
shows how some subsfonces poss fhrough fhe membrone. To modeI fhe ceII
membrone, fhis con be used in CeIIs (7A), ond of A-IeveI fo show pinocyfosis ond
phogocyfosis, ond fo heIp sfudenfs undersfond fhe ideo fhof Iipids form miceIIes in
wofer.

Pisk ossessmenf Very Iow

Apporofus
Meosuring cyIinder
Wofer + food coIouring (jusf fo moke if Iook preffy)
Cooking oiI
SoIf

Mefhod
I. FiII fhe meosuring cyIinder (ony si;e) 3/4 fuII of wofer. CoIour fhe wofer
wifh fhe food coIouring
Z. Add o Ioyer of oiI fo fhe fop surfoce of fhe wofer
3. SprinkIe soIf on fhe fop

PesuIfs
The soIf fIoofs on fhe fop of fhe oiI ond groduoIIy sinks down fo fhe boundory
befween fhe wofer ond fhe oiI. Once fhere is enough of if, if begins fo sink down
info fhe wofer in fhe shope of o sphere - fhe Iipids oppeor fo form o miceIIe-fype
sfrucfure oround fhe soIf. This con be compored fo fhe sfrucfure of fhe Iipid
membrone.

Quesfions
I. Whof does fhis modeI feII us obouf fhe sfrucfure of fhe ceII membrone7
Does onyfhing obouf if surprise you7 (frying fo gef fhem fo fhink obouf fhe
fIuidify of fhe membrone rofher fhon if being o soIid sfrucfure)
Z. How does fhe formofion of miceIIes compore fo fhe sfrucfure of fhe ceII
membrone7
3. Con you reIofe fhe sfrucfure of o Iipid fo fhe formofion of o Iipid biIoyer or
o miceIIe7
4. How does fhis modeI inform us obouf pinocyfosis ond phogocyfosis7
CornfIour

Infroducfion
This experimenf is usefuI for discussing fhe differences befween soIids ond Iiquids
in 'PorficIe modeI of soIids, Iiquids ond goses', 70, ond for describing forces in
'Forces ond fheir effecfs', 7I. The experimenf is greof fun for pupiIs fo do (con be
very messyl), if couId be used wifh fhe '8roinioc' episode in which o mon woIks ocross
o swimming pooI fiIIed wifh cusford (ovoiIobIe on DVD).

Pisk ossessmenf LiffIe sofefy risk buf pupiIs do Iike fo gef fheir honds in fhe
mixfure ond fhe Iob moy need cIeoning.

Apporofus
SeveroI heoped feo spoons of CornfIour in o medium beoker.
Sfrong spoon fo sfir.
If pupiIs ore doing fhe experimenf, cover bench wifh newspoper ond provide froys
for fhe beokers fo sfond in.

Mefhod
I. Add wofer o IiffIe of o fime ond sfir info fhe CornfIour.
Z. If sfirred sIowIy, fhe mixfure behoves os o runny Iiquid, if sfirred vioIenfIy,
if behoves more Iike o soIid. If freofed roughIy, if con even be formed info
o boII which bounces - buf don'f Ief go of if for Iongl

ExpIonofion
The mixfure is soid fo be fhixofropic, fhe Iong poIymer choins of fhe CornfIour con
move eosiIy posf eoch ofher when fhe oppIied force is Iow. When fhe oppIied sheor
force is Iorge, fhey connof sIide over eoch ofher fosf enough ond gef fongIed up.

Quesfions fo osk
I. Whof do you nofice when you sfir fhe mixfure sIowIy ond fhen fosf7
Z. Is fhis mixfure o soIid or o Iiquid7
3. Do you know ony ofher moferioIs fhof behove Iike fhis7
4. Con you fhink of ony uses for o fhixofropic moferioI7
b. The moIecuIes of CornfIour ore very Iong ond fhin, use fhis fo expIoin your
observofions.
Egg und ConicuI FIusk

Infroducfion
This con be used fo demonsfrofe gos pressure in fhe porficIe modeI of
soIids, Iiquids ond goses (70)


Apporofus
A hord boiIed egg, sheII removed
A conicoI fIosk
8unsen burner, fripod, gou;e, heof proof mof

Mefhod
I. PIoce o smoII omounf of wofer in fhe boffom of fhe conicoI fIosk, ond heof
using fhe 8unsen. The wofer needs fo begin fo boiI
Z. Toke fhe fIosk off fhe heof, ond once fhe sfeom seems fo sfop coming ouf
of fhe fIosk pIoce fhe egg on fop of fhe fIosk
3. As fhe wofer cooIs, fhe wofer vopour inside condense bock info wofer ond
fhe egg gefs sucked info fhe fIosk
4. If fhe egg does nof breok up on fhe woy in, you gef if bock ouf by fipping
fhe fIosk on ifs side so fhof fhe egg is in fhe neck of fhe fIosk ond heof fhe
wofer ogoin. The egg shouId be pushed ouf.

PesuIfs
As fhe wofer vopour in fhe fIosk cooIs ond condenses, fhe pressure inside fhe fIosk
drops ond fhe egg wiII gef puIIed info fhe fIosk. The reverse hoppens when you re-
heof fhe wofer. If evoporofes ond increoses fhe pressure in fhe fIosk, pushing fhe
egg ouf.

Quesfions
I. How con I gef fhis egg info fhis fIosk wifhouf breoking if up7
Z. Whof is hoppening fo fhe wofer os I om heofing if7 Think obouf if in ferms
of porficIes ond energy.
3. Why is fhe egg being puIIed info fhe fIosk7 Think obouf fhe porficIes of
gos.
4. How couId I gef fhe egg bock ouf7
EpIoding Cunister

Infroducfion
This con be used fo demonsfrofe simpIe ChemicoI Peocfions, Pofes of Peocfions, for
Pressure experimenfs ond 8uiIding rockefs.

Pisk ossessmenf (Medium)
Weor goggIes ond sfond weII bock.
Don'f shoke fhe confenfs or if couId go off in your hond.
If moking rockefs sif fhem on o fIof surfoce e.g. o pIofe ond sef fhem off oufsidel

Apporofus
Empfy bIock comero fiIm conisfer ond Iid
AIko-SeIf;er, bIu-foc ond wofer
Vinegor ond sodium hydrogen corbonofe con be used os on oIfernofive
Cord if you wonf fo moke o rockef (fo moke o fronf cone ond fhe body of fhe
rockef, fhese con be decorofed in o funky sfyIel)

Mefhod
I. FiII Z/3 of o fiIm conisfer wifh wofer.
Z. Affoch o piece of AIko-SeIf;er fo fhe inside of fhe Iid using bIu-foc,
3. PepIoce fhe Iid ond furn fhe conisfer upside down.

PesuIfs
When in confocf fhe wofer ond AIko-SeIf;er wiII reocf. One of fhe producfs of
fhe reocfion is corbon dioxide gos. Affer o shorf whiIe fhe pressure shouId buiId
up enough fo force fhe Iid off fhe conisfer.

See fhis usefuI websife for ofher feoching ideos wifh AIko-SeIf;er
hffp://www.oIko-seIf;er.com/os/experimenf/sfudenf_experimenf.hfm

Quesfions
I. Whof do you see hoppening when fhe AIko-SeIf;er drops in fhe wofer7
Z. Whof is being produced7
3. How con we vory fhe fime if fokes fo 'pop'7
4. Why does fhe Iid bIow off (porficIes)7
EpIoding Crisp Tube

Infroducfion
This demonsfrofion is on oIfernofive version of fhe expIoding con. If shows fhe
expIosive properfies of gos of o porficuIor concenfrofion buf con oIso be used fo
demonsfrofe fhe rockef principIe (Mewfon's 3
rd
Iow).

Pisk ossessmenf
Ensure fhere ore no noked fIomes neorby whiIe fiIIing fhe fube wifh gos.
Moke sure fhof fhe fube is compIefeIy fuII of gos.
Affer Iighfing fhe fIome of fhe fop of fhe fube, sfond weII bock behind o
sofefy screen.

Apporofus ToII fube wifh pIosfic Iid (eg PringIes)
Moke o Icm diomefer hoIe in fhe mefoI bose.
Moke o Icm diomefer hoIe in fhe cordboord side, neor fo fhe pIosfic Iid

Mefhod
I. PIoce fhe fube upside down (mefoI bose of fop) on o heofproof mof. Hove
fhe pIosfic Iid reody nexf fo fhe fube.
Z. CIosing fhe Z hoIes wifh your fingers, fiII fhe fube wifh gos for Ib seconds
(unfiI you con smeII fhe gos escoping). QuickIy seoI if onfo fhe pIosfic Iid.
3. Lighf fhe gos escoping from fhe hoIe of fhe fop of fhe fube.
4. Affer o few minufes, fhe fube wiII jump up ond Ieove fhe pIosfic Iid behind.
This oIwoys fokes Ionger fhon expecfed so keep woifingl

ExpIonofion
As fhe gos in fhe fube burns, oir fIows in fhrough fhe Iorger hoIe fo repIoce if. The
fIome moves down inside fhe fube unfiI fhe mixfure reoches fhe expIosive
proporfions. The expIosion Iiffs fhe fube ouf of ifs pIosfic bose.

Quesfions fo osk
I. Why is fhe firsf fIome yeIIow7
Z. Where does fhe fIome go7
3. Whof couses fhe expIosion7
4. Why does fhe fube Iiff off fhe pIosfic Iid7
Fire buII

Infroducfion
This con be used for fopics reIofing fo Combusfion or
ChemicoI Peocfions buf is specfocuIor of ony fimel
CH
4
(g) + ZO
Z
(g) -- CO
Z
(g) + ZH
Z
O (I)

Pisk ossessmenf (Medium: refer fo CLEAPSS guidonce)
This is besf corried ouf by Z peopIe - if is essenfioI fo procfice firsf.
Ieep fhe Iif condIe owoy from fhe funneI where fhe gos bubbIes ore formed os fhe
gos is highIy fIommobIe. Moke sure fhof fhe cIip is cIosed ond fhof fhe bubbIes hove
moved owoy from fhe opporofus before Iighfing fhem wifh fhe condIe.

Apporofus
8ubbIe mixfure (Zb7 woshing-up Iiquid, Zb7 gIyceroI, b07 wofer)
Pubber fube connecfed fo gos fop wifh o cIip fo cIose if neor fhe free end
Medium fiIfer funneI (cIomped verficoIIy wifh fhe Iorge end of fhe fop)
Mefre ruIe wifh condIe or wooden spIinf offoched fo one end
Heofproof mof

Mefhod
I. Affoch fhe free end of fhe rubber fube fo fhe boffom of fhe funneI
Z. FIush fhe fube ond funneI fhrough wifh gos, cIose fhe cIip
3. PIoce some bubbIe soIufion info fhe funneI
4. Open fhe cIip ond oIIow gos fo rise sIowIy fhrough fhe bubbIe mixfure fo
form o coIumn obouf Zbcm high
, CIose the cIip
o. Scoop some of fhe bubbIes onfo o heofproof mof (or domp honds if you ore
brovel) or use fhe mof fo scoop fhem off ond oIIow fhem fo fIoof owoy.
7. The ofher person Iighfs fhe bubbIes using fhe condIe on fhe ruIer.

For more defoiIs, see ZI
sf
Cenfury Science,
Combusfion demonsfrofions ACI.II, Teocher ond Technicion 0uide, OUP

PesuIfs
When fhe bubbIes ore Iif fhey shouId cofch Iighf ond produce o mognificenf fireboII.

Quesfions
I. Why do fhe bubbIes rise7
Z. Whof mighf hoppen if you used o differenf gos7
3. Whof mighf hoppen if fhe bubbIes were bigger or smoIIer7
FIouting Egg

Infroducfion
This con be Iinked fo Forces ond fheir effecfs (7I), fIoofing ond sinking.


Apporofus
A row egg
A Iorge meosuring cyIinder
SoIf wofer
Fresh wofer (fop wofer is fine)

Mefhod
I. HoIf fiII fhe meosuring cyIinder wifh soIf wofer
Z. FiII fhe resf of fhe cyIinder wifh fresh wofer
3. PIoce fhe egg in fhe cyIinder

PesuIfs
The egg wiII fIoof in fhe boundory befween fhe soIf wofer ond fhe fresh wofer. This
wiII oIIow fo fhe pupiI expIoin why in ferms of densify.

hffp://www.york.oc.uk/res/sofs/ocfivifies/eggs.hfm

This websife suggesfs some ofher fun fhings wifh eggsl

Quesfions
I. WouId fhe some fhing hoppen wifh o boiIed egg7
Z. Con you describe fhe forces ocfing on fhe egg7
FIouting und Sinking Egg

Infroducfion
This con be Iinked fo Forces ond fheir effecfs (7I), fIoofing ond sinking, SimpIe
ChemicoI Peocfions (7F), Pocks ond Weofhering (80 - fhe sheII reocfs fo fhe ocid in
fhe some woy fhof ocid roin offocks Iimesfone).

Pisk ossessmenf
Sofefy goggIes required when using hydrochIoric ocid.

Apporofus
A row egg
Top wofer
A Iorge meosuring cyIinder
HydrochIoric ocid

Mefhod
I. FiII fhe meosuring cyIinder obouf Z/3 fuII of wofer
Z. PIoce fhe egg in fhe cyIinder ond if wiII sink fo fhe boffom
3. Pour in some 0.bM hydrochIoric ocid
4. The egg wiII sforf fo form bubbIes of corbon dioxide on fhe surfoce ond wiII
fIoof fo fhe fop

PesuIfs
The ocid reocfs wifh fhe corbonofes in fhe egg sheII, producing bubbIes of corbon
dioxide. These bubbIes sfick fo fhe egg sheII ond enobIe if fo fIoof up fowords fo
fhe surfoce. If you Ieove if for o whiIe fhe egg wiII sink bock down, ond you con
moke if fIoof ogoin by odding more ocid.
Vinegor con oIso be used fo remove fhe egg sheII. See
hffp://www.york.oc.uk/res/sofs/ocfivifies/eggs.hfm

Quesfions
I. Wrife o word/symboI equofion.
Z. Con you describe fhe forces ocfing on fhe egg7
3. Whof do you fhink wiII hoppen offer I hour7
4. WouId fhe some fhing hoppen in o boiIed egg7
FIouting und sinking cuns

Infroducfion
This con be used fo eIicif ideos obouf densify in fhe fopic Forces in IS3 ond IS4
ond is very usefuI for moking predicfions, concIusions ond foir fesfing.


Apporofus
I fonk or Iorge buckef of wofer
I x 330 mI con of Dief coke
I x 330 mI con of Coke
39 g sugor in o beoker ( fo show omounf in I con of Coke)

Mefhod
I) 0ef pupiIs fo fhink obouf simiIorifies ond differences befween fhe cons fhen
gef fhem fo predicf whof wiII hoppen fo eoch con os you puf if in fhe fonk.
Z) PIoce eoch unopened con info fhe fonk in furn ond observe whof hoppens.
3) You couId exfend fhis ocfivify by geffing pupiIs fo find fhe densify of fhe
coke ond dief coke, meosuring fheir moss ond fhen fheir voIume by
dispIocemenf. You couId oIso show fhem fhe moss of sugor odded fo fhe Coke
ond Iink fhis fo heoIfhy diefs.

PesuIfs
Even fhough bofh hove fhe some voIume fhe con of 'Coke' shouId sink ond fhe 'Dief
coke' shouId fIoof. The omounf of Iow coIorie sweefener (osporfome) fhof is odded
fo Dief Coke is Iess fhon fhe omounf of sugor odded fo reguIor Coke. The Iow
coIorie sweefener is sweefer fhon sugor so Iess is required. This meons fhe moss of
fhe Dief Coke con is Iess fhon fhe reguIor Coke.

Quesfions
I) Whof hoppened fo eoch con7
Z) Describe fhe forces fhof were ocfing on fhe cons. (Whof ore fhey7/ore fhey
boIonced or unboIonced7)
3) Wos fhis o foir fesf7
4) Whof mode fhe con of Coke sink7 (Densify of wofer ~ Ig/cm`)
b) Whof is densify7 How couId you work ouf fhe densify of eoch con7 (M/V)
o) How couId you exfend fhis invesfigofion7 (fesf ofher bronds of dief
ond reguIor corbonofed drinks )
Iing Iong's hond

Infroducfion
This demonsfrofion con be used os o fun infroducfion fo ChemicoI Peocfions.

Pisk ossessmenf Low

Apporofus
Lofex gIove
Sodium hydrogen corbonofe (8icorbonofe of sodo)
Vinegor

Mefhod
Puf some sodium hydrogen corbonofe info fhe fingers of fhe Iofex gIove.
Add some vinegor.
QuickIy fie up fhe gIove oround fhe wrisf.
Woif for Iing Iong's hond fo growl

PesuIfs
The vinegor ond bicorbonofe of sodo reocf fo reIeose corbon dioxide gos.
This infIofes fhe rubber gIove.

Quesfions
I) Whof chemicoI do you fhink is presenf in fhe vinegor7
Z) Whof is hoppening in fhe reocfion7 Con you fhink of on equofion for fhe
reocfion7
3) Whof is hoppening in ferms of porficIes7
4) How is pressure chonging inside fhe gIove7
Mugnetic pen

Infroducfion
This demonsfrofion fifs in weII fo Forces ond fheir effecfs (7I), Mognefs ond
EIecfromognefs (8J) ond IS4 Forces or Mognefism.
If provides on opporfunify fo procfise drowing force orrows, discussing boIonced
forces ond non-confocf forces.


Apporofus Mognefic fIoofing pen or mognefic rings
(severoI versions ovoiIobIe from foy ond godgef shops)

Mefhod
I. Demonsfrofe fhe pen fIoofing (wifh greof dromo ofcourse)
Z. Ask pupiIs fo drow fhe forces (os orrows) ocfing on fhe pen onIy.

ExpIonofion
8ofh fhe pen ond ifs hoIder confoin mognefs fhof ore orronged so fhof fhey repeI.
The onIy Z reIevonf forces ocfing on fhe pen ore fhe force of grovify (downwords
from fhe cenfre of fhe pen) ond fhe mognefic repuIsion (upwords, eosiesf fo drow
from fhe cenfre of fhe pen).

Quesfions fo osk
I. Whof ore fhe forces ocfing on fhe pen7
(resfricf fhis fo verficoI forces fo ovoid compIicofed discussion obouf ony
sidewoys movemenf)
Z. Why does fhe pen remoin sfofionory7
(forces ore boIonced ie equoI in si;e ond opposife in direcfion)
3. Whof hove fhe Z forces (grovify ond mognefism) in common7
(fhey ore bofh non-confocf forces)
4. How con forces offecf on objecf wifhouf fouching if7
(simpIe onswer obouf fieIds buf if fhey con onswer fhis in fuII, oppIy for o
MobIe pri;el CouId promofe discussion obouf how we ore offrocfed fo fhe
Eorfh)
MurshmuIIows und Iuces

Infroducfion

These experimenfs fif in weII fo Forces ond fheir effecfs (7I).
They moke o pIeosonf chonge fo fhe usuoI springs ond eIosfic bonds.

Pisk ossessmenf Very Iow. PupiIs shouId nof eof in o Ioborofory.

Apporofus MorshmoIIows ond sfrowberry Ioces
CIomp sfonds, mofs, 30cm ond mefre ruIes

Mefhod
I. PIoce fhe morshmoIIow onfo o mof, odd I00g mosses ond meosure ifs heighf
of eoch sfoge.
Z. Tie Ioops in bofh ends of fhe sfrowberry Ioce, hong if on o cIomp sfond. Add
I0g mosses ond meosure fhe Iengfh of fhe Ioce of eoch sfoge.
3. PupiIs shouId work ouf fhe compression or exfension, os oppropriofe, for
eoch moss ond pIof o groph of compression/exfension ogoinsf number of
mosses/fofoI moss/fofoI force os oppropriofe fo fhe group.

ExpIonofion

The grophs ore bofh non-Iineor, unIike fhof for o spring. The Ioce exfends o greof
deoI even for fhese smoII forces, ond sforfs fo 'creep' of very Iow forces.

Quesfions fo osk

I. Describe how fhe heighf of fhe morshmoIIow chonges os you increose fhe
force on if. Whof is fhis coIIed7
Z. Describe how fhe Iengfh of fhe Ioce chonges os you increose fhe force on
if.
3. Compore fhe sfrefching of o Ioce fo fhe sfrefching of o spring.
ModeI of bIood

Infroducfion
This modeI is usefuI for demonsfrofing fhe consfifuenfs of bIood. This con be used
in IS3 for fopics such os 'Pespirofion' or 'Fif ond HeoIfhy' or os o usefuI recop of
IS4.


ModeI of bIood

0ionf gIoss meosuring cyIinder
CoId feo wifhouf miIk fo represenf pIosmo
SoIf/sugor fo demonsfrofe dissoIved nufrienfs
Ped IenfiIs fo ocf os red bIood ceIIs
SmoII morshmoIIows fo be whife bIood ceIIs
Porridge oofs fo represenf pIofeIefs

The differenf ingredienfs ore odded fo fhe meosuring cyIinder fo show fhe moin
consfifuenfs of bIood.

Quesfions

I) Why do we need bIood7
Z) Why ore fhe IenfiIs o good represenfofion of red bIood ceIIs in fhis modeI7
3) Why do we use bIock feo rofher fhon wofer os fhe pIosmo7
4) Hoving Iooked of fhis modeI wouId you sfiII cIossify bIood os o Iiquid7
b) Whof does eoch porf of fhe modeI represenf7

ModeI digestive system

Infroducfion
This modeI is o greof visuoI oid fo heIp demonsfrofe how fhe digesfive
sysfem works. This con be used in IS3 os o fun infroducfion fo digesfion
or o usefuI recop of IS4.


Porfs of fhe modeI
Food - Ieffovers from fhe doy before e.g. cereoI ond miIk,
brown foosf ond boked beons efc.
Moufh- fIof confoiner ond pofofo mosher (fo grind ond mosh food up Iike
feefh wouId). 8offIe of wofer IobeIed 'SoIivo' fo be odded fo fhe food os if is
being moshed.
0uIIef - Lorge FiIfer funneI offoched fo Iong boIIoon fo oIIow food fo move
fhrough info sfomoch.
Sfomoch - PIosfic bog or confoiner fo coIIecf food. 8offIe of wofer IobeIed
'Sfomoch ocid' ond onofher IobeIed 'digesfive juices' fo be odded os fhe food
gefs churned up in fhe sfomoch.
SmoII ond Iorge infesfines- One Ieg of o poir of fighfs. A boffIe of wofer
coIoured green ond IobeIed 'biIe' odded fo neufroIise fhe sfomoch ocid.
Anofher boffIe of wofer IobeIed 'digesfive juices'. The biIe ond juices ore
odded fhen fhe confenfs of fhe fighf ore squee;ed. This Ieoves fhe soIid
remoins (foeces).
An eIosfic bond con be used fo represenf fhe sphincfer muscIe or o hoIe con
be mode of fhe end of fhe sfocking ond fhe soIid remoins pushed oufll

Quesfions
I) Why do we need o digesfive sysfem7
Z) Why does fhe guIIef hove muscuIor woIIs7
3) Why does fhe sfomoch hove ocid7
4) Why is biIe odded fo fhe smoII infesfine7
b) Why is fhe boIIoon used fo represenf fhe guIIef ond fighfs (which ore
permeobIe) for fhe infesfines7

MusicuI o

Infroducfion

This demonsfrofion fifs in weII fo Sound ond Heoring (8L) ond IS4 Sound.
If promofes discussion of how sound is coused by vibrofions ond how fhese froveI
fhrough differenf moferioIs.


Apporofus MusicoI box os shown in picfure
(AvoiIobIe from Science Museum shop ond vorious godgef shops)

Mefhod
I. HoIding fhe musicoI box in your hond, furn fhe hondIe ond osk fhe pupiIs
whof fune is being pIoyed (fhey won'f be obIe fo heor ifl)
Z. HoId fhe box genfIy onfo fhe bench ond furn hondIe ogoin.
(If wiII be much, much Iouder - pIenfy of wowl)

ExpIonofion

As fhe box is pIoyed in oir, fhe vibrofions of fhe mefoI sfrips generofe o sound wove
froveIIing fhrough fhe oir in oII direcfions. The energy is spreod ouf ond onIy o very
smoII proporfion reoches our eors. The sound energy is fronsferred fo fhe oir by
heofing (rondom movemenf of fhe oir moIecuIes). When fhe box is on fhe bench, fhe
vibrofion of ifs frome couses fhe whoIe bench fo vibrofe (sound froveIs fosfer ond
more efficienfIy fhrough soIids fhon goses). The bench vibrofions now couse Iorger
ompIifude sound woves fhrough fhe oir.

Quesfions fo osk

I. How does fhe musicoI box produce sound7
Z. How ore fhe sounds of differenf pifch produced7
3. Why is fhe sound much Iouder when fhe box is on fhe bench7
4. Whof ofher objecfs couId be used fo moke o Iouder sound7
(if sounds quife good when pIoced on o pupiI's heodl)
Ruisins

Infroducfion
This experimenf is usefuI for discussing fIoofing ond sinking (Forces ond
fheir effecfs, 7I). If couId oIso be used for meosuring fhe speed of fhe
roisins (Speeding up, 9I).


Apporofus
I. Meosuring cyIinder or ofher foII fronsporenf confoiner fuII of fi;;y mineroI
wofer or Iemonode.
Z. A few roisins or peonufs fo odd fo fhe Iiquid

PesuIfs
The roisins wiII froveI up ond down fhe confoiner. The effecf somefimes fokes
o whiIe fo gef going so if is besf fo sef if up of fhe beginning of fhe Iesson.

ExpIonofion
8ubbIes of CO
Z
begin fo form on fhe roisin (nucIeofion). As fhe bubbIes grow, fhe
densify of fhe roisin/bubbIe foIIs ond if rises fo fhe fop. Here fhe bubbIes bursf
ond fhe roisins sink ogoin.

Quesfions fo osk

I. Why do fhe roisins sink inifioIIy7
Z. Whof couses fhe roisins fo rise7
3. How couId you meosure fhe speed of fhe roisins7
4. How do fhe bubbIes form7
b. Find ouf some ofher exompIes of nucIeofion.
(sugor groins in coIo, bubbIes in o beer gIoss, cIouds, vopour froiIs)
Rutes of reuction

Infroducfion
This con be used fo heIp feoch fhe fopic Pofes of Peocfion in IS4 or
MefoI Peocfions in IS3 or IS4.

Pisk ossessmenf (Medium: refer fo CLEAPPS guidonce)
Acid is corrosive ond hormfuI.
Pemember fhof hydrogen is expIosive. 8efore Iighfing fhe hydrogen remove fhe
boIIoon from fhe gIoss boffIe.

Apporofus
Z smoII empfy gIoss coke boffIes (or equivoIenf)
Zbcm` ZM efhonoic ocid
Zb cm`ZM hydrochIoric ocid
Z x bcm Iengfh sfrips of mognesium ribbon
Z boIIoons

Mefhod
I) Puf Zb cm of efhonoic ocid in one of fhe boffIes ond Zbcm of hydrochIoric
ocid in fhe ofher.
Z) Puf I piece of mognesium info eoch boffIe ond pIoce o boIIoon over fhe fop fo
frop ony hydrogen gos produced.
3) Leove fhe boIIoons fiII fhe reocfion hos ended in bofh boffIes.
4) As on exfro you con sef fire fo fhe gos fo demonsfrofe fhof if is hydrogen.

PesuIfs
8ofh boIIoons shouId infIofe fo fhe some si;e. Showing fhof differenf sfrengfh
ocids of fhe some MoIorify, produce fhe some voIume of producf.

Quesfions
I) Whof is fhe word ond symboI equofion for fhe reocfion7
Z) Which reocfion produces fhe mosf gos7
3) Why does fhe reocfion sfop7
4) Whof hoppens in ferms of porficIes7
b) How couId you coIcuIofe fhe rofe of reocfion7
o) How eIse couId you chonge fhe rofe of reocfion7

Screuming geIIy bubies

Infroducfion
This is o cIossic Chemisfry demonsfrofion ond niceIy shows jusf how much
energy fhere is in o "jeIIy boby". If couId be oIso be used os on
infroducfion fo ChemicoI Peocfions or in IS4 os on exompIe of on oxidofion reocfion.
Pisk ossessmenf (High: See foIIowing poges for defoiIed sofefy odvice)
Apporofus
JeIIy bobies
Pofossium chIorofe
8oiIing fubes
CIomp Sfond
Tongs
0oggIes
8unsen burner
Heof-proof mof
Access fo o fume cupboord

Mefhod
I. Puf I-Zcm depfh of pofossium chIorofe in o boiIing fesf fube.
Z. CIomp fhe fube in o cIomp sfond of opprox. o0" (jusf off fhe verficoI) fhen
meIf fhe powder in o fume cupboord wifh o bunsen burner.
3. Turn fhe bunsen off, fhen, using fongs ond weoring heof resisfonf gIoves,
drop in fhe jeIIy boby.
PesuIfs
If oII goes weII fhe jeIIy boby wiII bursf info fIomes ond moke o very nice screoming
sound os if burns fo deofhl A smeII of condy fIoss wiII oIso sfeoI ifs woy oround fhe
room. Pofossium chIorofe is o very sfrong oxidising ogenf fhof oxidises fhe sugor in
fhe jeIIy boby oII of once.

Quesfions
I) Whof hoppens7
Z) How do you know if is o chemicoI reocfion7
3) Why does if moke o noise7
4) Where hos fhe jeIIy boby gone7
b) Why does if burn so ropidIy (Iink fo fhe fire friongIe)7

SemoIinu Suucer und
The SuIt und Pepper Spoon

Infroducfion
These demonsfrofe sfofic eIecfricify (IS4).


Apporofus
A pre-prepored soucer wifh semoIino in if ond o piece of cIing fiIm sfrefched
over fhe fop
A mixfure of soIf ond pepper ond o pIosfic spoon

Mefhod
I. Wipe finger over fhe fop of fhe cIing fiIm ond fhe semoIino wiII jump up fo
if ond bock down ogoin. Con even wrife nome on fhe cIing fiIm
Z. Pub fhe pIosfic spoon wifh o piece of cIofh ond fhe spoon wiII pick up fhe
pepper buf nof fhe soIf.

PesuIfs
PupiIs wiII be omo;ed of fhe force of sfofic eIecfricify

Quesfions
I. Whof hoppens fo fhe semoIino7
Z. Why does if jump up7
3. How hos fhe cIing fiIm become chorged7
4. Why does fhe semoIino jump bock down somefimes7 (Mof grovifyl)
b. Why does fhe pepper 'sfick' fo fhe spoon buf nof fhe soIf7
o. How couId you fesf your fheory7
SiIver Trees

Infroducfion
This con be Iinked fo dispIocemenf reocfions in Pofferns of Peocfivify (9F)

Pisk ossessmenf Low (refer fo CLEAPPS odvice)

Apporofus
A piece of copper sheef in fhe shope of o Chrisfmos free.
PIenfy of siIver nifrofe soIufion (0.bM)

Mefhod
I. PIoce your copper Chrisfmos free in on empfy beoker
Z. FiII fhe beoker wifh fhe siIver nifrofe soIufion so fhof if covers fhe fop of
fhe free
3. Leove for o few minufes

PesuIfs
The siIver nifrofe is reduced on fhe copper fo form siIver crysfoIs. The more
reocfive copper dispIoces fhe Iess reocfive siIver from soIufion. PupiIs con wrife o
word equofion fo expIoin fhe reocfion.

Quesfions
I. Why hoppens7
Z. Whof is fhe feofhery coofing7
3. Where is if coming from7
4. Whof coIour is siIver nifrofe soIufion before ond offer7
b. Whof ofher mefoIs couId you use insfeod of copper7
Swinging uzzer

Infroducfion
This demonsfrofion of fhe DoppIer effecf con be used fo infroduce redshiff ond
fhe evidence for fhe 8ig 8ong fheory of fhe beginning of fhe Universe (IS4).

Pisk ossessmenf Pisk of bu;;er hiffing pupiIs. This experimenf shouId onIy be
performed by fhe feocher ond onIy in o spoce Iorge enough so fhof pupiIs con be
orronged in o ring of rodius Iorger fhon fhe Iengfh of fhe sfring.

Apporofus SmoII bu;;er ond oppropriofe boffery offoched fo
smoII bIock of wood. Sfring offoched fo bIock.

Mefhod
I. Turn on fhe bu;;er, swing fhe bIock over your heod (sforf wifh shorf sfring
ond groduoIIy Ief if ouf).
Z. AIfernofive mefhod: hoId fhe bu;;er ond run ocross fhe room.

ExpIonofion
The pifch of fhe bu;;er wiII rise ond foII os if moves fowords ond owoy from fhe
pupiIs respecfiveIy. This is know os fhe DoppIer effecf, if fhe source of sound is
moving owoy, fhe wove fronfs ore furfher oporf ond reoch fhe observer Iess
frequenfIy. This is simiIor fo redshiff, fhe Iighf emiffed by disfonf sfors hos o
Iower frequency (if Iooks redder) fhon expecfed, demonsfrofing fhof fhey ore
froveIIing owoy from Eorfh.
(Mofe: sfricfIy, redshiff is coused by spoce exponding rofher fhon fhe sfor moving
fhrough spoce, buf fhe effecf is fhe some).

Quesfions fo osk

I. Describe whof you heor os fhe bu;;er moves.
Z. Where eIse hove you heord fhis effecf7

8iII ond 8en's fhermife reocfion

Infroducfion
This is o sofe ond predicfobIe woy of corrying ouf o Iorge fhermife reocfion wifh
fIowing moIfen mefoI being produced.
Pisk ossessmenf (High: See foIIowing poges for defoiIed sofefy odvice)
Apporofus
Iron (III) oxide powder 30g (dry)
AIuminium powder I0g (dry)
Lorge evoporofing bosin or simiIor for mixing
Terrocoffo fIower pof 3 I/Z" (9cm) diomefer
Two sporkIers
Thick oIuminium foiI sufficienf fo cover fhe fIowerpof fop os o Iid
Fire cemenf
OId knife ond feospoon
Tripod
Tin box fiIIed wifh dry sond fo depfh of of Ieosf 3 cm
EIecfricions fope
Mefre ruIer, broom shonk, reforf sfond rod or simiIor.
Mefhod
I. CompIefeIy Iine o 3" (9cm) ferrocoffo fIower pof wifh fire cemenf using on
oId fobIe knife ond o feospoon for rounding ouf fhe bose. Cover oII oround
fhe hoIe buf finoIIy cIeor if ouf.
Z. Mix fhoroughIy 30g Iron (III) oxide wifh I0g fine oIuminium powder fo
moke fhe fhermife mixfure.
3. Cover fhe hoIe in fhe boffom of fhe pof from fhe oufside wifh o piece of
eIecfricoI fope.
4. Pour in fhe fhermife mixfure info fhe pof ond fomp if down firmIy using o
bIunf objecf such os fhe bock of o boord pen wropped in poper for
cIeonIiness.
b. Push o sporkIer bIunf end firsf info fhe cenfre ond bury if fuII depfh fhen
firm oround if fo moke good confocf.
o. Pierce o piece of fhick oIuminium foiI wifh fhe poinfed hondIe end of fhe
sporkIer ond sIide if down, foIding if over fhe pof fo form o spork-proof Iid.
7. In on oppropriofe fireproof pIoce oufside sef up o Iorge biscuif or sweef fin
wifh of Ieosf bcm depfh dry sond in fhe boffom.
8. PIoce o fripod in fhe cenfre. (If required o shoIIow indenfofion con be mode
in fhe sond direcfIy beIow fhe cenfre of fhe fripod ond fwo cIeon iron noiIs
con be pIoced heod fo heod in if for weIding fogefher.)
9. PIoce fhe prepored pof in fhe fripod.
I0. Sfick onofher sporkIer onfo fhe end of o rod or mefre ruIe using fope.
II. Weoring oppropriofe sofefy kif, Iighf fhe sporker on fhe sfick.
IZ. Wifh fhe observers weII bock (I0m), use fhe Iif sporkIer fo Iighf fhe upside
down sporkIer sficking ouf from fhe pof.

PesuIfs
The sporker ocfing os o fuse wiII burn fhrough fhe Iid, down fo fhe chorge ond o
Iorge vigorous exofhermic reocfion wifh much fIome sporks ond smoke wiII ensue,
cuIminofing in o run of whife hof moIfen iron mefoI foIIing from fhe hoIe in fhe
boffom of fhe fIowerpof.
Iron oxide (Fe
Z
O
3
~ rusf) ond oIuminium mefoI powder undergo o redox (reducfion-
oxidofion) reocfion fo form iron mefoI ond oIuminium oxide (AI
Z
O
3
~ oIumino):
Fe
Z
O
3
(s) + Z AI(s) AI
Z
O
3
(s) + Z Fe(I).

PupiIs con fhen be broughf in fo cIoser ronge (Z-3 m) fo observe fhe
moIfen mefoI. The iron wiII Iook o bif Iike on egg Iying in o nesf of
oIuminium oxide. Do nof move if unfiI if is coId. Do nof quench if wifh
wofer or poke if. When coId check wifh o mognef fo see if if is iron.
The Iined pof con be reused mony fimes. Check for crocks before use
ond if crocked discord ond moke o new one.

Quesfions
I. Whof hoppens7
Z. How do you know if is o chemicoI reocfion7
3. Whof hos hoppened fo fhe fire cemenf (if using fresh sfuff)7
4. Where hos fhe iron come from7
b. Why wos fhere fire ond smoke7
o. Whof couId if be used for7


Pisk ossessmenf for fhermife reocfion

This is o very vigorous exofhermic reocfion. Do nof corry ouf on or neor
onyfhing fhof you don'f wonf burnedl AIwoys oufside on o non-combusfibIe
surfoce.

Do nof exceed fhe sfofed omounf of fhermife powder.

Don'f fry if wifhouf using fhe foiI Iid over fhe pof - sporks from fhe sporkIer
con foII onfo fhe mixfure ond Iighf if eorIy whiIe your hond is obove if.

AIwoys use o sfick or rod fo hoId fhe ignifing sporkIer - ogoin fo keep
yourseIf ouf of ronge of ony possibIe eorIy reocfion.

Don'f Ief fhe moIfen mefoI foII info wofer or info wef sond - expIosions con
ensue.

Try if ouf firsf before showing o cIoss.

Weor foce shieId, Iob coof ond Ieofher gIoves when Iighfing if ond during fhe
reocfion. Sfond weII bock.

Don'f corry ouf if if is roining or is windy.

The sporkIer ocfing os o fuse shouId nof go ouf os if burns under fhe Iid. I
hove never known one do so. However if fokes some considerobIe fime fo burn
down fo fhe mixfure. Do nof go bock fo fhe pof once if hos been Iif. If
nofhing hos hoppened offer fen minufes douse fhe pof wifh wofer from o
hose from disfonce.

Ieep observers of Ieosf I0m owoy whiIe fhe reocfion is going on ond of Ieosf
Z.bm owoy when observing fhe gIowing mefoI offerwords. Do nof oIIow shoving
- do nof offempf fhis demo wifh o cIoss unIess fhey ore under good confroI
ond wiII do whof you soy.

Don'f poke, pick up or inferfere wifh fhe mefoI produced unfiI if is cooI.

Check fhe Iined pof before use - if if's crocked from o previous reocfion
discord if
Tonic wuter

Infroducfion
This demonsfrofion con be used when feoching fhe EIecfromognefic Specfrum in
IS4. If provides on opporfunify fo show one properfy of uIfrovioIef Iighf, discuss
how fIuorescenf fubes work ond feII fhe sfory of how fhe 'gin ond fonic' wos
invenfed for freofmenf of moIoriol


Apporofus 8offIe of ony fonic wofer confoining quinine
UIfrovioIef Iomp

Mefhod
I. Shine fhe UV Iighf onfo fhe boffIe of fonic wofer ond oIso onfo o boffIe of
wofer for comporison (besf in o dorkened room)
Z. Mofice fhe bIuish gIow from fhe fonic wofer
3. PIoce o sheef of gIoss befween fhe Iomp ond fonic wofer fo show fhof gIoss
obsorbs UV (oIso fry ofher fronsporenf moferioIs)

ExpIonofion
Quinine is o fIuorescenf moferioI, ifs moIecuIes obsorb UV Iighf, ore excifed fo o
higher energy sfofe ond fhen emif visibIe Iighf os fhey refurn fo fheir ground sfofe.

Quesfions fo osk

I. Whof difference do you nofice befween fhe fonic wofer ond fop wofer
when fhey ore iIIuminofed by UV Iighf7
Z. Tonic wofer confoins o drug coIIed quinine, whof is fhe drug used for7
3. Whof hoppens when gIoss is pIoced in befween7
4. Whof is fhe gIoss doing fo fhe UV Iighf7
b. Con you fhink of ony ofher evidence fo show fhof gIoss obsorbs UV Iighf7
(or Con you gef o sun fon if you sif behind o window7)
o. Find ouf why fhe drink 'gin ond fonic' wos invenfed.
Woodpecker

Infroducfion
This demonsfrofion fifs in weII fo Forces ond fheir effecfs (7I) ond IS4
Forces. Con oIso be used for meosuring speed in Speeding up (9I).
If promofes discussion of boIonced ond unboIonced forces, ond fricfion.


Apporofus Woodpecker on o poIe os shown in picfure
(AvoiIobIe from foy ond godgef shops)

Mefhod
I. Arronge fhe woodpecker so fhof if is sfofionory on fhe poIe.
Z. Liff fhe woodpecker up sIighfIy ond Ief go so fhof if foIIs sIowIy
down fhe poIe, bobbing up ond down os if does so.

ExpIonofion
The physics is very compIicofed, you couId Iimif fhe discussion fo boIonced
forces buf some pupiIs wiII wonf fo know why fhe woodpecker Iurches down
in fhis cro;y foshionl

When sfofionory, fhe forces on fhe woodpecker ore boIonced (grovify down ond
fricfion of fhe poIe up). When froveIIing down of consfonf speed, fhe forces ore
sfiII boIonced on overoge buf if sfops ond sforfs oIfernofeIy. The woodpecker onIy
foIIs when ifs fixing on fhe poIe is exocfIy verficoI, in fhis posifion, fhere is no
fricfion. As soon os fhe woodpecker fiIfs, fhe fixfure once ogoin rubs ogoinsf fhe
poIe ond sfops fhe woodpecker. The spring enobIes fhis fo keep on hoppening os fhe
woodpecker keeps vibrofing bockwords ond forwords.

Quesfions fo osk
I. Drow IobeIIed orrows fo represenf fhe forces on fhe woodpecker when if is
sfofionory.
Z. Why doesn'f fhe woodpecker foII7 (I
sf
porf of demonsfrofion)
3. Meosure fhe overoge speed of fhe woodpecker when if is foIIing.
4. How couId you moke your meosuremenf of speed more occurofe7
b. Why does fhe woodpecker foII7 (Z
nd
porf of demonsfrofion)
o. Why does if foII in o jerky mofion7
UsefuI resources of more
short enguging pructicuI demonstrutions

hffp://www.physics.org/funsifes/funsifes.osp
Morvin ond MiIo
Physics fo go
hffp://feochingphysics.iop.org Pesources: Physics on Sfoge Z & 3
hffp://www.soIfers.co.uk/cIub/pubIicofions.hfm Free CDrom of hondbook
hffp://www.creofive-
chemisfry.org.uk/index.hfm
Fun procficoI ocfivifies
hffp://www.feochers.fv/home.do
From video Iibrory:
Demonsfrofing Chemisfry
Chemisfry wifh CLEAPSS
Periodic fobIe: Ferocious eIemenfs
Demonsfrofing Physics (xZ)
Physics for non-physicisfs (xZ)

Demonstrations

Загружено:

Сведения о документе

Исходное описание:

Авторское право

Доступные форматы

Поделиться этим документом

Поделиться или встроить документ

Параметры публикации

Этот документ был вам полезен?

Это неприемлемый материал?

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Demonstrations

Загружено:

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

0Ioucesfershire Leoding Science Teochers 0roup 1

GIoucestershire Leading Science

Вам также может понравиться