Catalogo Olson Instruments

CIVIL STRUCTURE
and for:
INFRASTRUCTURE EQUIPMENT
Nondestructive Evaluation Seismic Geophysic Structural Health Monitoring
Olson Instruments, Inc.
Equipment for Imaging the Civil Infrastructure
www.OlsonInstruments.com
Headquartered in Wheat Ridge, Colorado USA, Olson Instruments, Inc. is an industry leader in the manufacturing of Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) Instrumentation widely used in the construction field.
We design and engineer NDE systems that are first used by our sister company, Olson Engineering, Inc. (www.OlsonEngineering.com) before selling field-proven instruments worldwide that provide the quality, ruggedness and performance demanded by industry standards. Furthermore, since our systems are assembled in-house, the purchaser can be assured that we have the bench strength to provide assistance for years to come. If you call in for Tech Support, more often than not you will be speaking with an engineer who has actually designed and used the equipment and/or written the software! With Olsons broad knowledge and experience, we provide personalized service for all of your NDE instrumentation needs. Since 1993, Olson Instruments, Inc. has been an established manufacturer of sensors and data collection systems. Our products are designed to address the requirements of the civil engineering industry for condition assessment. This focus has resulted in NDE, Geophysical and Laboratory test systems that are recognized world-wide for their durability, versatility, and superior quality. In addition to optional add-on NDE test method systems for ultrasonic, sonic, seismic, vibration, structural health monitoring as well as custom systems, we develop and manufacture five main product platforms:
1 2 3 4 5
The Freedom DATA PC, the ultimate in a professional, field ruggedized NDE and Seismic Geophysical Testing Platform with over a dozen optional add-on test method capabilities. The NDE 360, a versatile, robust, ruggedized handheld NDE Platform. Includes up to a dozen optional add-on NDE and simple Seismic Geophysical test/software system options in one platform, making it a complete suite for nondestructive evaluation of civil structures at a very affordable price. The CTGs Impact Echo based Concrete Thickness/Flaw Gauge Product Line Verify concrete thickness and even detect internal flaws in one easy step without the need to drill, core or excavate. Requires no special knowledge or training to obtain thickness measurements. The Freedom DAS PC for structural health monitoring, general purpose testing and data acquisition on up to 32 channels with easily switchable, flexible support of strain, potentiometer, accelerometer, thermocouple and other sensors for performance monitoring and load testing. The Resonance Tester (RT-1) for determination of elastic moduli of concrete specimens and rock cores. A lab instrument with just 3 simple components that provides accurate results in less than a minute simple to use, simple to learn!
We do not outsource any tech support questions and should you require software and/or hardware support, we welcome your questions and comments.
Concrete Thickness/ Flaw Gauges
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Table of Contents
Nondestructive Testing Platforms
Freedom Data PC ............................................................................................................................... 4 NDE 360...............................................................................................................................................................5 Concrete Thickness Gauges (CTG)........................................................................6 Freedom DAS PC (Data Acquisition System)........................................ 8
Lab Testing
Resonance Tester (RT-1).........................................................................................................9
DETECT VOIDS
Custom Systems .......................................................................................................................... 10 Add-On Nondestructive Testing Systems

Foundation Depth & Integrity Systems
1. Crosshole Sonic Logging.....................................................................................................................12 2. Tomographic Imaging Software.................................................................................................... 14 3. Parallel Seismic.......................................................................................................................................... 18 4. Sonic Echo/Impulse Response..................................................................................................... 20 5. Ultraseismic (Developed by Olson).......................................................................................... 22
Structural, Pavement, & Tunnel Systems

6. Impact Echo.................................................................................................................................................. 24 7. Impact Echo Scanner............................................................................................................................ 26 8. Slab Impulse Response...................................................................................................................... 28 9. Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves-S (Structural).................................................... 30 10. Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity/Sonic Pulse Velocity............................................................ 32 1 1. Multiple Impact Surface Waves .................................................................................................. 34
Geophysical Seismic Systems

1 2. Crosshole/Downhole Seismic...................................................................................................... 36 1 3. Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves-G (Geophysical)............................................. 38 14. Seismic Refraction/Reflection....................................................................................................40
Lab Testing
1 5. Resonance Testing [NDE 360 and Freedom Data PC Platforms]....................9
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12401 W. 49th Avenue Wheat Ridge, CO USA 80033-1927 Toll Free: 1.888.423.1214 Ph: 303.423.1212 Fax: 303.423.6071 email: info@OlsonInstruments.com www.OlsonInstruments.com | www.OlsonEngineering.com
nondestructive testing platforms
Freedom Data PC NDE 360 One Platform - Multiple NDE Tests

The Freedom Data PC represents the ultimate professional, versatile, battery powered NDT Platform, as it can be utilized for evaluation of structures/infrastructure and geophysical seismic engineering surveys. A custom module can be added to this platform for the purposes of Structural Health Monitoring, General Purpose Testing, and Data Acquisition for up to 16 Channels.
The Freedom DATA PC multiple system platform provides the user with unmatched flexibility for stress-wave based NDTcondition evaluation of concrete, masonry, asphalt, wood and other construction materials, as well as seismic testing of soil and rock. This platform provides complete data processing capability for all test methods. By simply changing out the custom instrument modules, the user can quickly switch between tests using any of the available test method options listed below, while using similar software for data acquisition and analysis.
Special Option! ...Internal 8B Modules for easy-to-switch signal conditioning for Structural Health Monitoring. Supports: Strain
Temperature
Pressure
Potentiometer
VIBRATION
What Test Method Systems Are Available?

Foundation Depth & Integrity Test Systems 1. Crosshole Sonic Logging
Features:
2. Tomographic Imaging Software 3. Sonic Echo/Impulse Response 4. Parallel Seismic 5. Ultraseismic Structural, Pavement, & Tunnel Test Systems 6. Impact Echo 7. Impact Echo Scanning 8. Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves - S 9. Multiple Impact Surface Waves (call for details) 10. Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity 1 1. Tomographic Velocity Imaging Software 12. Slab Impulse Response 13. Structural Health Monitoring/Custom Systems Geophysical Test Systems 14. Crosshole/Downhole Seismic 15. Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves - G 16. Seismic Refraction/Reflection Lab Test Systems 17. Resonance Testing 1 Year Warranty on All Equipment If you already own an add-on system, please let Olson know as many of the components are common to other test methods.
14" XGA diagonal color backlit screen (1366 x 768) for sunlight/night viewing Windows XP or Windows 7 based low power 1.6 GHz Atom processor 1 GB DRAM 2 - Plug-In multi-channel data/source modules Minimum 160 GB hard drive ~ 6-8 hour run time internal rechargeable lithium ion batteries Shock mounted, weather resistant, field ruggedized design Weathertight mouse and keyboard 1 - 10/100/1000 MB LAN, USB 2.0 (3), RS-232 Serial & External SVGA Ports 1 - External XGA (1024 x 768) port for external monitor National Instruments 16 channel 1.25 MHz, 16 bit PCI data acquisition card standard, optional cards available Universal 110/220 VAC, 50/60 Hz power supply/charger External 12 volt automotive cigarette lighter adapter Weight: 23 lbs (10.5 kg) Dimensions: 18.5" x 14" x 6" (47 x 36 x 15 cm)
NDE 360
Simply put, the NDE 360 is the most versatile and expandable handheld touch screen NDT Platform for Quality Assurance/Quality Control. Add on NDT System(s) as you need them without having to return the unit.
The NDE 360 multiple system platform is a compact, lightweight, but robust battery powered handheld system offering mobility and simplicity for use in the field by one person. Test data is stored on the compact flash and can be analyzed on-site. The NDE 360 includes several add-on NDT test/software system options, making it a complete suite for nondestructive testing and evaluation of civil structures at an attractive price. This platform accommodates complete data processing capability for most test methods. The available test methods shown below can be added to the NDE 360 without returning the equipment, except when 8MB memory is required for the Impact Echo Scanner and MISW systems. The NDE 360 is field tested and proven through frequent use by our sister company, Olson Engineering. Optional training for both hardware and software is available. Check out our website often as we are continually adding test capabilities to our platforms.
Features:
What Test Method Systems Are Available? Foundation Depth & Integrity Test Systems
1. Sonic Echo/Impulse Response 2. Parallel Seismic 3. Ultraseismic
High impact ABS plastic case and membrane keypad with simple to use Test - Accept - Reject and numeric key buttons LCD with 1/4 VGA, backlit color touch screen, 4.5" x 3.25" (11.4 x 8.5 cm) with QWERTY touchscreen keyboard for 5 character file names 512 KB standard memory - 8 MB optional memory 14.4V, 4.5Ah NiMH internal rechargeable battery (lasts ~ 8 hours), optional spare battery and charger Signal Inputs: Up to 4 channels with 16 bit analog/digital converters 2 removable compact flash cards (1 backup card) Shock mounted, weather resistant, field ruggedized design 128, 256, 512, 1024, 2048 data points per channel record length Gains: x1, x10, x100, x1000 in four steps per channel Overall Dimensions: 7.5" x 7.5" x 3" (19 x 19 x 7.6 cm) Weight: 4.1 lbs. (1.86 kg)
Structural, Pavement, & Tunnel Test Systems

4. Impact Echo 5. Impact Echo Scanner* 6. Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves - S 7. Multiple Impact Surface Waves* (call for details) 8. Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity 9. Tomographic Velocity Imaging Software 10. Slab Impulse Response
Geophysical Test Systems

1 1. Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves - G
Lab Test Systems

12. Resonance Testing Custom Systems Available! *Requires 8 MB Memory Option
If you already own an add-on system, please let Olson know as many of the components are common to other test methods.
Concrete Thickness Gauges -(CTG) Standard Models NDE 360 One Platform Multiple NDE Tests
The CTG line of instruments are handheld, battery powered, nondestructive systems for measuring the thickness and integrity of concrete slabs, pavements, tunnel linings, walls and other plate-like structures using the Impact Echo (IE) principle.
Concrete Thickness/Flaw Gauges are dedicated platforms designed to test concrete thickness in straightforward situations that involve simple structures like slabs, pipes, or walls. All models include a telescoping pole for overhead or flatwork. Perform over 60 CTG tests in an hour on-site, without the need to core, drill, or excavate! Save time and money using Olsons CTG Thickness/Flaw Gauges see our Impact Echo section (see page 24) for more information about the methodology. To receive a brochure on the CTG product line, email info@OlsonInstruments.com, or call 303.423.1212.
Standard Model Impact Echo Test Head
CTG-1TF (Thickness/Flaw Model) Specifications
Standard Thickness Range: 3.2" to 6 ft (81 mm to 1.8 m Normal solenoid mode to thick hammer mode CTG Test Gauge
Accuracy: 2% at high resolution when IE velocity is

calibrated on a known thickness
Report Capability:
Features:
Numerical thickness summary table downloadable to spreadsheet Raw data downloadable to PC/Notebook for flaw analyses using Olsons Windows based WinIE software and thickness summary table
Ruggedized, handheld test head with integrated displacement transducer and solenoid impactor No coupling agents required for use of test head on concrete Works on cured, hardened concrete in air or on grade Works through thin, bonded paint and most types of bonded tile checks tile bonding too Easy to read transflective LCD display for outdoors and switchable backlight for indoors Switch between English (inches) or Metric (centimeters) units with the click of a button Easy velocity calibration at known thickness location, or use Olsons default parameters Download test time/date and results into your PC through serial port (serial cable and serial/USB cable) Thickness data table can be imported into popular spreadsheet programs Outputs thickness summary tables and data for postprocessing on a Windows PC using WinIE software
Power: Internal rechargeable NiMH battery pack
(~ 6-7 hrs of operation per charge), external battery charger (AC power unit, overnight charging), can use 10 - AA size alkaline batteries or run on the AC power unit
Learning Curve: Less than 10 minutes for thickness

measurements!
Frequency Resolution: 44.5 Hz (high) or 89 Hz (low) Number of Samples Acquired Per Test:
256 (normal) or 512 (high resolution with zero padding)
Processing Time for 1 Test: ~ 3 seconds Sampling Rates: 45,600 samples/s (normal), 14,400 Maximum Signal Frequency: 22,800 Hz (normal),
7,200 Hz (thick), and 58,000 Hz (super thin) samples/s (thick), and 116,000 samples/s (super thin)
Weight: 4.4 lbs (2.0 kg) combined for test head and gauge Cable Length for Test Head: 6 ft (1.8 m)
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Concrete Thickness Gauges (CTG) Enhanced Models
For the standard model, CTG-1TF, the options of Super Thin [ST] for testing thin members, Surface Wave [SW] for obtaining velocity across a known distance, or both Super Thin and Surface Wave [ST-SW] can be added as indicated in the table below.
CTG-1TF-SW
CTG Models with Enhanced Features

CTG-1TF-ST [Super Thin]
Components Thickness Range Report Capability
Test Gauge Impact Echo Test Head

with High Frequency Impactor for testing thin members
1.5" to 6 ft
(38 mm to 1.8 m) in Super Thin to Normal Solenoid Impactor Modes to Thick Hammer Mode
Numerical Thickness Summary Table, downloadable to spreadsheet WinIE analysis software displays phase, velocity, or modulus data vs. frequency or wavelength of a single test.
Telescoping Pole
CTG-1TF-SW [Surface Wave Velocity]
Components
Thickness Range
Report Capability Numerical Thickness Summary Table, downloadable to spreadsheet WinIE & WinSW analysis software displays phase, velocity, or modulus data vs. frequency or wavelength of a single test.
Test Gauge Impact Echo Test Head Telescoping Pole SW Detachable Arm
with second transducer for obtaining velocity across a fixed distance of 8" (203 mm)
3.2" to 6 ft
(81 mm to 1.8 m) in Normal Solenoid Impactor mode to Thick Hammer Mode
CTG-1TF-ST-SW [Super Thin + Surface Wave Velocity]
Components
Thickness Range
Report Capability
Test Gauge Impact Echo Test Head

with High Frequency Impactor for testing thin members
1.5" to 6 ft
(38 mm to 1.8 m) in Super Thin to Normal Solenoid Impactor Modes to Thick Hammer Mode
Numerical Thickness Summary Table, downloadable to spreadsheet WinIE & WinSW analysis software displays phase, velocity, or modulus data vs. frequency or wavelength of a single test.
Telescoping Pole SW Detachable Arm

with second transducer for obtaining velocity across a known distance
Freedom DAS Acquisition System) Tests NDE 360 (Data One Platform - Multiple NDE
The Freedom DAS is Olsons data acquisition system for Structural Health Monitoring (SHM).
The Freedom DAS PC is a field ruggedized and battery powered multiple system platform for structural health monitoring and other industries. Applications for this platform include modal testing/vibration monitoring for structures and machinery, acoustic measurements, monitoring temperature changes, strain gages ( to full bridge), and recording potentiometer/LVDT displacements. In essence, the Freedom DAS PC can be used to measure/monitor any voltage or change in resistance that can be recorded. This platform has the unique capability of combining data collection and analyses (both in the field and in the office) into a single transportable battery operated unit.
Internal Dataforth 8B Modules for easy-to-switch signal conditioning to support measurement of strain, temperature, pressure, potentiometer, etc. National Instruments Labview software based data acquisition for up to 32 channels.
(16 Channel Option for Dataforth SCM5B Modules)
Features:
14" XGA diagonal color backlit screen (1366 x 768) for sunlight/night viewing Windows XP or Windows 7 based low power 1.6 GHz Atom processor 1 GB DRAM 32 slots for Dataforth 8B signal conditioning modules in removable module bay, 16 slot option for Dataforth SCM5B modules Minimum 160 GB hard drive ~ 6-8 hour run time internal rechargeable lithium ion batteries Shock mounted, weather resistant, field ruggedized design Weathertight mouse and keyboard 1 - 10/100/1000 MB LAN, USB 2.0 (3), RS-232 Serial & External SVGA Ports 1 - External XGA (1024 x 768) port for external monitor National Instruments 16 channel 1.25 MHz, 16 bit PCI data acquisition card standard, optional cards available Universal 110/220 VAC, 50/60 Hz power supply/charger External 12 volt automotive cigarette lighter adapter Weight: 23 lbs (10.5 kg) Dimensions: 18.5" x 14" x 6" (47 x 36 x 15 cm) True RMS Voltage 2 - Wire
Custom Systems Available - Give Olson a call at 303.423.1212 or email info@OlsonInstruments.com
8B Modules For:
Analog Voltage (V) Analog Current (I) Linearized 2, 3 or 4 Wire RTD Linearized Thermocouple Potentiometer Strain Gauge ( or full) Frequency
Concrete Strain Gauges and other sensors available
Resonance Tester RT-1
ASTM C215 | ASTM C666
Fast digital laboratory testing equipment - get results in seconds! Tests concrete, masonry, stone & rock, carbon & granite, ceramics and other specimens.
Consisting of three simple components, Olsons digitally based handheld Resonance Tester (RT-1) is a dedicated platform that is faster, simpler, easier and more economical than older analog vibrator technology get accurate test results in seconds! Meets ASTM C215 Standard for Resonance Testing of Concrete for Dynamic Properties and Freeze-Thaw Durability Testing (ASTM C666). The dynamic Youngs modulus (E), shear modulus (G) and Poissons ratio ( y) of concrete, rock, asphalt, masonry, carbon and other cylinder, beam and core-shaped specimens can be obtained in seconds. The complete system includes a sample spreadsheet for all moduli calculations for longitudinal, f lexural and torsional tests as shown below.
shown: accelerometer
Get Accurate Test Results in Seconds!
Features:
Acquires 1024 samples per test with a sampling rate of 52,000 samples/second Quick & Easy Set Up! uses sponge rubber mat in place of metal test frame (per ASTM C215) Color screen for frequency spectra display High frequency test option for small rock cores Learning curve: less than 10 minutes Includes software for damping calculation Download data to your PC via serial port (serial cable and serial/USB cable) Unit will store up to 100 tests for download to optional WinRT analysis software AC (100-240 VAC) or rechargeable battery power ~ 6 hour life internal rechargeable batteries, can operate while recharging
Download test results directly to your PC. Enter data into the yellow columns of the sample file and the results are automatically calculated (shown in green columns of sample file).
Testing a Rock Core
Resonance testing is available as an add-on for the Freedom Data PC and the NDE 360
Custom Systems NDE 360 One Platform - Multiple NDE Tests

Olson Instruments has developed custom systems for numerous industries in our effort to provide solutions for unusual testing situations and a broad variety of applications. These types of systems were built for oil and gas exploration, seismic investigations, mine and mine safety applications, nuclear facility inspections, structural integrity evaluations, and testing at water and wastewater treatment plants.
Our unique capability to cater to your needs stems from years of experience in not only building the equipment, but in using the equipment in our sister company, Olson Engineering. Both Olson Instruments and Olson Engineering retain a diverse engineering staff ready to take on your toughest issues and cater to all of your NDT and geophysical needs. Please contact our corporate office for further information pertaining to these types of systems. Olsons Custom Systems have been used for:
Rapid integrity testing of pre-stressed concrete cylinder pipes Sonic logging of shallow boreholes Seismic reflection and refraction surveys Modal vibration monitoring for industrial buildings and bridges Concrete drill/core guidance systems (see photo at left) A variety of grout integrity investigations including pre- and post-tensioned ducts in pre-cast beams Rapid thickness/integrity scanning of bridge decks (see photo below)
Impact Echo Pipe Scanner
Bridge Deck Scanner (BDS)

Researched and developed by Olson Engineering, Inc. under NCHRP IDEAS Grant
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nondestructive testing Add-on systems
Add-On Nondestructive Test Method Systems Section
Freedo m D at a PC
Available System Add-Ons Page
Resonance Testing....................................................................................................................................................................... 9 Crosshole Sonic Logging.....................................................................................................................................12 Tomographic Velocity Imaging Software............................................................14 Parallel Seismic...............................................................................................................................................................................18 Sonic Echo/Impulse Response..........................................................................................................20 Ultraseismic...............................................................................................................................................................................................22 Impact Echo. ..............................................................................................................................................................................................24 Impact Echo Scanner.....................................................................................................................................................26 Slab Impulse Response............................................................................................................................................28 Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves-S.......................................................................30 Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity/Sonic Pulse Velocity.............................32 Multiple Impact Surface Waves.......................................................................................................34 Crosshole/Downhole Seismic................................................................................................................36 Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves-G.......................................................................38 Seismic Refraction/Reflection..........................................................................................................40
P L AT F O R M S
ND E 3 6 0
Resonance Testing....................................................................................................................................................................... 9 Tomographic Velocity Imaging Software............................................................14 Parallel Seismic...............................................................................................................................................................................18 Sonic Echo/Impulse Response..........................................................................................................20 Ultraseismic...............................................................................................................................................................................................22 Impact Echo. ..............................................................................................................................................................................................24 Impact Echo Scanner.....................................................................................................................................................26 Slab Impulse Response............................................................................................................................................28 Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves-S.......................................................................30 Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity/Sonic Pulse Velocity.............................32 Multiple Impact Surface Waves.......................................................................................................34 Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves-G.......................................................................38
C o nc ret e Thic kness Ga uges

Super Thin Option.......................................................................................................................................................................... 7 Surface Wave Option............................................................................................................................................................. 7 Super Thin and Surface Wave Option................................................................................. 7
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Foundation Depth & Integrity SystemS
Crosshole Sonic Logging
ASTM D6760-08 | ACI 228.2R
Crosshole Sonic Logging is the most accurate and reliable technique for assessing the integrity of deep foundation elements constructed on-site from concrete or grout.
The Crosshole Sonic Logging (CSL) system is designed for Quality Assurance (QA) testing of newly placed critical drilled shaft foundations and auger cast piles, but can also be applied to slurry walls, mat foundations, and mass concrete pours. Using water-filled access tubes, CSL testing provides assurance that the foundation concrete is sound with no defects such as soil intrusions, necking, sand lenses, voids, etc. Where defects exist, the extent, nature, depth, and approximate lateral location of the defects can be determined with the CSL method and further refined with Tomographic Imaging Software , which is sold by Olson Instruments (see page 14). A variation of the CSL method, called Single-Hole Sonic Logging (SSL) can also be used on smaller diameter drilled mini-piles and auger cast piles. The Single-Hole Sonic Logging method is used in cases where only a single access tube can be placed in a deep foundation, and tests the concrete quality in the region around the single access tube (see graphic on next page). Features
One or two logs per pull (CSL-1 or CSL-2) System design allows for fast and accurate field measurements Hydrophones (42 KHz) are interchangeable as both source and receiver Tests up to 20 ft (6.5m) through concrete Real-time waveform and log results display while testing Alternate CSL log display formats available at a key stroke Sensitive enough to detect small defects Software allows for Automatic Log and optional Report Generation in Microsoft Word Capable of identifying multiple defects in a single shaft Meets ASTM and RILEM standards Plastic Test Block to check system operation Tomographic Imaging Software option available
Applicable On: Drilled Shafts (Bored Piles) Slurry Walls and Diaphragm Walls Mat Foundations and Seal Footings Mass Concrete Pours Pressure Injected Footings Auger Cast Concrete Piles Water Saturated Media Cemented Radioactive Wastes Test For: Cracks Voids Soil/Water Intrusions Uncured or Weak Concrete Necking Sand Lenses
Model
CSL-1 Model CSL-2 Model
Advantages
Single Log System Double Log System for large shafts and walls
Option
Tomo-1 Software
Advantages
Allows the user to perform and display tomographic inversions of CSL data, giving 2-D or 3-D velocity images of anomalies
Freedom Data PC Required, Sold Separately
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Crosshole Sonic Logging
ASTM D6760-02 | ACI 228.2R
Method The CSL method is typically performed in access tubes (steel or PVC) of 1.5 inch I.D. (35 mm) or greater which are tied to the rebar cage and cast into the shaft at the time of construction. The test can also be performed using coreholes, if available. Data Collection The user friendly CSL software is written and tested at Olson Instruments corporate office in Colorado. We do not outsource any tech support questions and, should you require software support, we welcome your questions and comments. Available Models The Crosshole Sonic Logging system is available in two different models which can be run from the Freedom Data PC Platform: 1. Crosshole Sonic Logging - 1 (CSL-1) 2. Crosshole Sonic Logging - 2 (CSL-2) The CSL-1 Model is the base model and is most frequently used for quality assurance of newly placed drilled shafts. Includes two hydrophones for testing one tube pair per log pull. The CSL-2 Model includes three hydrophones for faster data acquisition by testing two tube pairs per log pull. This feature provides a significant advantage to users who are testing a great number of shafts, large diameter shafts involving numerous test tubes, and slurry/diaphragm walls. Data Example 1
The image to the left shows a CSL log with two defects: a major defect at about 23 ft and a more minor defect at about 30 ft. The ultrasonic signals (time vs. voltage) illustrate the differences between the sound, major defect and minor defect results. The defect at approximately 23 ft is considered to be more severe because the signal is completely lost between the transmitter and receiver.
Major Defect
Example CSL Result - Anomalies
Data Example 2
CSL Result Arrival Time and Energy vs.
Waterfall Plot
Alternate Log Display Formats
The plot on the right is sometimes called a Z-banded plot or waterfall plot. This plot is another way of showing the CSL results. It is basically a waveform stack plot, but instead of plotting the whole waveform, it plots all the positive values. If the amplitude is positive, it plots a straight line. If the amplitude is negative, there is no line.
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Tomographic Software for CSL, UPV, and CS/DS NDE 360 Imaging One Platform - Multiple NDE Tests
Tomographic velocity images are powerful analysis tools used to characterize the size, shape, extent, and severity of potential defects and anomalies.
Tomographic Imaging Software (TOMO) is most commonly used in conjunction with the Crosshole Sonic Logging (CSL), Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV), and Crosshole Seismic/Downhole Seismic (CS/DS) methods. This type of testing/processing is often deployed to illuminate the extent, location, and severity of a defect found with previous testing. This methodology can, however, be used in instances when the user requires a 2-D/3-D velocity image of the medium in question (e.g. soil body velocity structures). Applicable On: Concrete Drilled Shafts Slurry Walls and Diaphragm Walls Mat Foundations Dams Bridge Substructure Structures Cemented Radioactive Wastes Soil/Rock, Wood, Masonry Test For: Cracks Honeycomb Voids Uncured or Weak Concrete Soil/Water Intrusions Soil/Rock Moduli Soil/Rock Velocity Profiles
SECOND ANGLE POSITION OF RECEIVER
Te st Pa th
FIRST ANGLE POSITION OF RECEIVER
Test Path
SOURCE
CROSSHOLE TOMOGRAPHY
Water Filled Access Tubes
Data Example 1
Features
Inversion program can perform travel time/velocity and attenuation tomography Anisotropy can be specified for each point of the grid allowing for more accurate models Ray paths can be both straight and curved allowing for more accurate models Processing tools capable of identifying multiple defects Software packages easily interface with each other providing the user with a valuable visual tool Accurately characterizes the size, location and severity of defects 2-D/3-D analysis and display software is completely customizable to meet the users graphical needs Display software can create a variety of images, including movies for visualization aids
Software Used With CSL, UPV, and CS/DS Systems, Sold Separately 3D Velocity Tomogram of Drilled Shaft PS results showing good quality data
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Tomographic Imaging Software for CSL, UPV, and CS/DS
TOMO-1 Option
Available for the following systems:
Crosshole Sonic Logging (CSL) + Tomographic Velocity Imaging
Advantages
Crosshole Tomography (CT) testing and analysis is used to generate velocity images of anomalies between tested tube pairs in order to better judge the extent and severity of defects. With the CSL-2Tomo software, the CT method uses data from multiple CSL logs at different source-receiver height offsets to generate 2-D image slices of the material between a pair of access tubes in a shaft. When data is collected between multiple access tubes, the data sets can be combined to create a 3-D image model of the interior of the shaft concrete, delineating defects as shown on the previous page. Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) Tomograms are generally used to map out the location, extent, and severity of defects in structural members. This method takes advantage of the multiple crossing test paths generated by combining direct, semi-direct, and indirect UPV testing. This data, once picked for First Arrival Time (FAT), is used to generate 2-D or 3-D velocity images. This data and model can often be a valuable resource when repairs are needed on structural members because it provides the information necessary to isolate the problem. Sonic Pulse Velocity (SPV) data is used to provide velocity images of massive dams, bridge substructures, etc. The tomographic velocity images created from data acquired during Crosshole Seismic/Downhole Seismic (CS/DS) tests are generally used to look at the material properties of soil/rock. More specifically, this technique is ultimately useful to image the lateral/vertical changes in material properties for a more complete site characterization. This method uses compressional or shear wave arrival time data collected at different source-receiver height offsets to generate a 2-D image slice between boreholes. When more than two boreholes are available, then the testing can be conducted such that a 3-D image model of the material between multiple test tube pairs can be generated.
Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) or Sonic Pulse Velocity (SPV) + Tomographic Velocity Imaging
Crosshole Seismic/ Downhole Seismic (CS/DS) + Tomographic Velocity Imaging
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Tomographic Software for CSL, UPV, and CS/DS NDE 360 Imaging One Platform - Multiple NDE Tests
Vertical Tomograms from Crosshole Tomography (CT) Data

Distance below top of shaft (ft)
Perimeter Tomograms
Distance between tubes (ft)
Drilled Shaft Defects

CT TOMOGRAM - Drilled Shaft
Thin-Arch Concrete Dam Tomography 2-D Test Results
Tomogram Velocity Scale in kfps (thousands of ft/sec)
As seen in the figure at right, low velocity zones at downstream face (left side) correspond to degraded concrete from freeze-thaw cracking damage on downstream face.
As seen in the above figure, the anomaly (represented by the cooler colors) is primarily contained between the depths of 2.5 ft and 4 ft in the proximity of Tube 1, assuming that Tube 1 was the source tube.
TOMOGRAPHIC IMAGING SOFTWARE
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Tomographic Imaging Software for CSL, UPV, and CS/DS
Method The tomographic imaging software is used in conjunction with the CSL, UPV/SPV, and CS/DS methods/systems. Please refer to the method sections for these systems in this catalog.
Data Example 1
Image at left shows a 3-D visualization where the higher velocity sections of a drilled shaft have been removed leaving only the lower velocity areas for easy viewing of defects.
Data Collection The user-friendly CSL software, used for CT testing, is written and tested at Olson Instruments corporate office in Colorado. Olson Instruments has extensive experience with tomography data analysis software. We do not outsource any tech support questions and, should you require software support, we welcome your questions and comments.
Available Imaging Software The Tomographic Imaging Software is an add-on option to either of the Olson Instruments, Inc. CSL systems, the UPV system, and/or the CS/DS system. In the instance that this add-on is purchased for either of the CSL systems, the CSL software package includes the Tomo option. The CSL software has a tomography data collection and export function that provides automated user prompting for test execution as well as direct output to the GEOTOM inversion program. In the instance that this add-on is purchased for either the UPV or CS/DS systems, which includes the GEOTOM inversion program, the GEOTOM software can perform either first arrival time tomography or attenuation tomography, use both straight and bending rays, and allows for the specification of anisotropy at any defined grid point. The Slicer Dicer visualization package allows the user to create both 2-D and 3-D images as well as animations from the output generated through the GEOTOM inversion.
Sample 2: GeoTomCG 2-D Slice Image above displays several 2-D horizontal slices of data. Note that red colors indicate areas of low velocity and therefore low strength.
Slicer Dicer 3-D visualization of defect in a drilled shaft
Data Example 2
These images were created using Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) data taken on a column that had visible exterior damage after the forms were removed. The tomographic images were generated to determine the extent (e.g. depth) of the spalling seen at the surface. The three images are cross-sectional slices to show the interior conditions of the damaged corner. As can be seen, the defect was primarily confined to the surface of the volume. This example illustrates the primary utility of structural tomography images when defects are encountered. The images allowed for the problem to be isolated and locally repaired instead of the entire concrete member being removed and replaced, which would have cost a Slicer Dicer 3-D visualization data results from column shown considerably larger amount of time and money.
For more information on the capabilities of CSL , UPV , and CS/DS systems available to use with TOMO - 1, please refer to the individual sections in this catalog.
Crosshole Seismic/Downhole Seismic Testing

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Parallel Seismic Platform ACI 228.2R NDE 360 One - Multiple NDE Tests
When access to the top of the foundation is limited, the Parallel Seismic test is more accurate and more versatile than other nondestructive surface techniques for determination of unknown foundation depths.
Parallel Seismic (PS) systems are designed to determine the length and integrity of foundations when the top is not accessible or when the pile is too long and slender to test with echo techniques, or below a buried pile cap. Ultimately, Parallel Seismic testing provides information concerning the length and compressional velocity of foundations and can be used on concrete, wood, masonry, and steel foundations. This method also provides information about the soil below the foundation bottom. It should be noted that this test method requires the installation of a water-filled or grouted cased borehole.
Features
System design allows for fast and accurate field measurements - depth accuracy can be determined within 5% or better More economic and versatile than other equipment/techniques used for determination of unknown foundation depths Method and system allows for testing of piles without excavation System is compact, durable, and easily transported, allowing for multiple tests per day IX Foundation, a seismic analysis and display program allows the full range of data to be viewed at one time, improving the ability to identify the foundation bottom Test piles that are partially/totally submerged Determine the tip depths of foundations with complex geometries such as piles under pile caps Applicable On: Abutment Piers Deep Foundations Sheet Piles and Footings Test For: Foundation Type Foundation Integrity Length Determination Scour Evaluation
Model
PS-1 Model PS-1G Model
Advantages
Hydrophone in water-filled, ungrouted cased borehole Hydrophone and triaxial geophone for grouted, cased borings and downhole seismic velocity measurements of soil and rock
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Parallel Seismic
ACI 228.2R
Method The PS method is typically performed in a cased borehole of 2 inch I.D. (50 mm) or greater which is placed in the proximity of the foundation in question. The test can also be performed using a Cone Penetration Test Rig in soft soil environments with a special small diameter hydrophone for 1 inch I.D. (25 mm) casing. Data Collection The user friendly PS software is written and tested at Olson Instruments corporate office in Colorado. We do not outsource any tech support questions and, should you require software support, we welcome your questions and comments. It should be noted that PS data is usually displayed and analyzed in a program called IXFoundation created by Interpex Limited. Available Models The Parallel Seismic system is available in two different models which can be run from Olsons Freedom Data PC or NDE 360 Platforms: 1. Parallel Seismic - 1 (PS-1) 2. Parallel Seismic - 1G (PS-1G) The PS-1 Model is the base model and is most frequently used for shorter piles, with a 3 lb instrumented hammer as the source and a hydrophone receiver. As a general rule, the longer the pile, the larger the required hammer. The PS-1G Model includes a hydrophone and a triaxial geophone which can be used for PS and downhole seismic testing. This system can be used to test a wider distribution of pile lengths with a heavier sledge hammer used as the source. The PS-1 + SE/IR-1 + US-1 Models combine Parallel Seismic (PS) with Sonic Echo/Impulse Response (SE/IR) and Ultraseismic (US) for complete foundation testing at a reduced price because the systems share many common components.
PS results showing good quality data
Data Example 1
PS data is acquired and processed in Olson Instruments SHM software package. This image illustrates good quality data as the signal to noise ratio is high and a clear compressional wave arrival is evident. These data are later imported into IXFoundation and displayed as stacked data (see example 2).
Data Example 2
The clear break is seen because the velocity of the concrete is much higher than the velocity of the surrounding soil. When the wave must travel through more soil below the pile tip, the wave arrives at the transducer later in time. This generates a difference in first wave arrival times that occurs at the tip of the pile indicating its depth at 50.3 ft in the PS data example from IX Foundation. PS results showing an example of a clear break in stacked data
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S onic Echo/Impulse Response ASTM D5882-07 | ACI 228.2R N DE 360 One Platform - Multiple NDE Tests
Sonic Echo/Impulse Response is used for low strain integrity testing of piles and determination of deep foundation length.
The Sonic Echo/Impulse Response (SE/IR) system is designed to determine the length and integrity of foundations when the top or part of the upper side of the foundation is accessible. This system and its associated methodology can be used on both new and existing foundations and is performed by impacting the foundation and recording echoes from a defect or the foundation bottom with a nearby receiver(s). It should be noted that this method works best for columnar type foundations such as piles and drilled shafts, but has also been used successfully on mat foundations, abutment walls, and similar structures. This technique is applicable on concrete, wood, and round steel pipe foundations. The Sonic Echo (SE) method is normally conducted in conjunction with the Impulse Response (IR) method together as the SE/IR method. Olson does, however, provide a system that exclusively uses the SE methodology without the IR analyses. This system, along with its associated software, uses only the time domain information in the data for the interpretation of reflections. The IR option provides the user with the ability to transform the data from the time domain into the frequency domain. The software then automatically calculates the transfer and coherence functions, which may be useful for data quality analyses as well as providing further information about reflections within the structure.
Features:
System design allows for fast and accurate field measurements Real-time waveform display while testing System is compact, durable, and easily transported allowing for multiple tests per day Accurate within 5% in determining foundation depth Automatic/manual selection of echo events in SE/IR records with WinSE/IR software and echo depth prediction based on user input velocity (English or Metric units) Ability to perform tests with both accelerometer and geophone transducers simultaneously in SE or IR tests for better data quality than if used individually Integrate and average acceleration and velocity response data to velocity in SE tests for enhanced identification of echoes Exponentially amplify SE data with time to enhance weak echoes with 16 bit A/D sampling Digital filtering of SE data with lowpass, highpass and bandpass options to enhance identification of echo events and minimize background noise IR mobility transfer function display (velocity/force versus frequency) of IR results to identify resonant peaks indicative of echo depths and average mobility IR flexibility transfer function display (displacement/force versus frequency) of IR results to identify pile head stiffness at low frequencies and indicate defects
Applicable On: Auger Cast Concrete Piles Bridge Abutments Driven Concrete Piles Drilled Shafts (Bored Piles) Wall Piers Wood Piles Test For: Cracks Deep Foundation Depths Diameter Changes (bulb or neck) Soil Intrusions Uncured or Weak Concrete Voids
Model
Freedom Data PC or NDE 360 Required, Sold Separately SE-1 Model SE/IR-1 Model
Advantages
Process data in time domain Process data in both time domain and frequency domain
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Sonic Echo/Impulse Response ASTM D5882-07 | ACI 228.2R
Method The SE/IR method is typically performed by mounting a receiver on the top of the foundation and then striking the top with a hammer. If the top of the foundation is not accessible, then the receiver and the strike are located as close to the top as possible. A similar setup is also used when the structure in question is a wall. Data Collection The user-friendly SE/IR software is written and tested at Olson Instruments corporate office in Colorado. We do not outsource any tech support questions and, should you require software support, we welcome your questions and comments. Available Models The Sonic Echo/Impulse Response system is available in two different models which can be run from Olsons Freedom Data PC or NDE 360 Platforms: 1. Sonic Echo - 1 (SE-1) 2. Sonic Echo/Impulse Response - 1 (SE/IR-1) The SE-1 Model is the base model. This system includes an accelerometer and a hammer with interchangeable plastic to rubber tips for one channel of data acquisition and processing in time domain only. The SE/IR-1 Model includes a geophone, an accelerometer, and an instrumented impulse hammer for three channels of data acquisition and processing in both the time domain and the frequency domain. The SE/IR-1 + PS-1 + US -1 Model combines Sonic Echo/Impulse Response (SE/IR) with Parallel Seismic (PS) and Ultraseismic (US) for complete foundation testing at a reduced price because the systems share many common components.
Data Example 1
This is an example of good quality accelerometer data (SE) as evidenced by multiple reflections. The multiple echoes are apparent in the bottom plot from a defect. The first of the multiple echoes is marked by a vertical cursor that corresponds to the depth of a severe necking defect at ~ 12 ft (3.6 m) below the shaft top. Results showing good quality accelerometer (SE) data
Data Example 2
This is an example of good quality impulse response (IR) data as evidenced by high coherence (middle plot) over the peaks seen in the lower plot. These peaks are displayed in the frequency domain rather than the time domain as in SE data. Multiple peaks are clear and easy to identify, allowing for more accurate shaft length or the ~ 12 ft (3.6 m) defect depth calculations in this case. Results showing good quality Impulse Response (IR) data processed from the above SE data, Example #1
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Ultraseismic NDE 360 One Platform - Multiple NDE Tests

Developed by Olson Engineering, Inc., Ultraseismic (US) investigations are performed to evaluate the integrity and determine the length of shallow and deep foundations on complex substructures.
The Ultraseimic (US) system is designed to determine the length and integrity of foundations when the upper portion of the structure is accessible but the top is not or when other tests have led to inconclusive results. US investigations can be performed on drilled shafts and driven or auger-cast piles. The investigation can be performed on shallow wall-shaped substructures, such as an abutment or a wall pier of a bridge, provided at least five to six feet of the side of the structural element is exposed for mounting instrumentation. The method is particularly useful in testing abutments and wall piers of bridges because of the relatively large exposed areas available for mounting instrumentation. The Ultraseismic method represents a more sophisticated approach to the Sonic Echo/Impulse Response (SE/IR) method (for compressional waves) and the Short Kernel (SKM) method (for flexural bending waves). The US method was internally developed by Olson Engineering as a response to difficulties encountered with the SE/IR and SKM (bending wave) methods when many reflecting boundaries are present. The US investigation method can be performed on concrete, masonry, stone, and wood foundations.
Features:
System design allows for fast and accurate field measurements depth accuracy can be determined within 5% or better Real-time waveform display while testing System is compact, durable, and easily transported allowing for multiple tests per day IX Foundation, a seismic analysis and display program, allows the full range of data to be viewed at one time, improving the ability to identify the foundation bottom Method is particularly useful in testing abutments and wall piers of bridges because of the relatively large exposed areas available for mounting instrumentation Method and system allows for testing of piles without full excavation The use of many receiver locations results in a high level of confidence in interpretation
Applicable On: Drilled Shafts (Bored Piles) Auger Cast Concrete Piles Driven Concrete Piles Bridge Abutments Wall Piers Test For: Cracks Depth Soil Intrusions Voids
Model
US-1 Model US-1 + SE/IR + PS Model
Advantages
Depth determination of complex substructures and foundations Versatile suite of length and integrity determination systems
Freedom Data PC or NDE 360 Required, Sold Separately
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Ultraseismic
Data Example 1
To illustrate the concept of the Ultraseismic investigation, an example from a Ultraseismic investigation on a concrete bridge column and footing foundation is shown. Using IX Foundation, all the data from the multiple receiver positions can be presented in one plot. Vertical hits on the beam generate flexural waves traveling down and up the column/footing substructure to the accelerometers used in the Ultraseismic test. Note: Flexural Wave Velocity = 5,800 ft/s
Method The US method is typically performed by mounting a receiver on the upper portion of a foundation or wall and then striking the substructure with an instrumented hammer. The US method requires at least 3 to 6 ft (1 to 1.8 m) of the foundation be exposed for receiver attachments. The general rule is that the larger the exposed area, the better the definition of the reflected events. Data Collection The user friendly US software is written and tested at Olson Instruments corporate office in Colorado. We do not outsource any tech support questions and, should you require software support, we welcome your questions and comments. It should be noted that US data is usually displayed and analyzed in a program called IXFoundation created by Interpex Limited.
6.5 ft
Footing Top
14 ft
Footing Bottom
Plot showing several clear breaks, as depicted by the solid black lines.
Available Models The Ultraseismic systems can be run from Olsons Freedom Data PC or NDE 360 Platforms: 1. Ultraseismic - 1 (US-1) 2. Ultraseismic + Sonic Echo/Impulse Response + Parallel Seismic System (US-1 + SE/IR-1 + PS-1) The US -1 Model is the base model. This system includes an accelerometer and an instrumented hammer for 2 channels of data acquisition. The US-1 + SE/IR-1 + PS-1 Model combines Ultraseismic (US) with Sonic Echo/Impulse Response (SE/IR) and Parallel Seismic (PS) for complete foundation testing at a reduced price because the systems share many common components. Triaxial Accelerometer
For more information on the individual capabilities of each method and system included in the US + SE/IR + PS system, please refer to the individual sections in this catalog.
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structural | PAVEMENT | tunnel systems
Impact Echo ASTM C1383-04 NDE 360 One Platform - Multiple NDE Tests
Impact Echo (IE) investigations are performed to assess the condition or thickness of slabs, beams, columns, walls, pavements, runways, tunnels, and dams.
Impact Echo (IE) systems are designed to determine the condition and thickness of concrete, wood, stone, and masonry structural members when voids, honeycomb, and/or cracks are suspected. IE investigations can also be performed to predict the strength of early age concrete if the member thickness is known. Lastly, the IE method will provide information on the depth of a flaw or defect, in addition to mapping its lateral location and extent. An advantage of the IE method over the Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) method is that only one side of the structure needs to be accessible for testing. Other systems based on the Impact Echo principle include Olson Instruments handheld Concrete Thickness Gauge (CTG) , see page 6 and the Impact Echo Scanner (IES) , page 26.
Delaminations due to: Features:
Corroded wire strands located with Impact Echo
Economic solution for users who already own either a Freedom Data PC or NDE 360 Thickness accuracy 2% at high resolution when calibrated on a known thickness Save selected test time/date and spectral thickness results for later review English or Metric units can be used No coupling agents required for use of test head on concrete Easy velocity calibration at known thickness location Works on cured, hardened concrete in air or on grade Works through paint and most types of bonded tile checks tile bonding too System is compact, durable, and easily transported allowing for multiple tests per day Real-time waveform display while testing Software allows for more sophisticated processing Store more data with these systems than with CTG models Can be expanded to use Impact Echo Scanning technology Applicable On: Beams Bridge Decks Columns Dams Pavements Pipes Post-Tensioned Ducts Runways Slabs Tunnels Walls
Confirmed defect using Impact Echo from inside of concrete pipe
Test For: Cracks Delaminations Honeycomb Thickness Voids
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Impact Echo
ASTM C1383-04
Impact Echo Test Head
Receiver
Source
Void Reflection from slab/void interface
Data Example 1 Method In conventional IE investigations, the hammer or impactor is used to generate compressional waves that reflect back from the bottom of the tested member or from a discontinuity. The response of the system is then measured by the receiver placed next to the impact point. Only one relatively smooth and clean surface needs to be accessible for receiver placement and hammer or solenoid impact. Data Collection The user friendly IE software is written and tested at Olson Instruments corporate office in Colorado. We do not outsource any tech support questions and, should you require software support, we welcome your questions and comments. Available Models The Impact Echo system is available in eight different models which can be run from Olsons Freedom Data PC or NDE 360 Platforms: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Impact Echo-1 Impact Echo-1 Impact Echo-1 Impact Echo-1 (IE-1-ST-SW) Impact Echo-2 Impact Echo-2 Impact Echo-2 Impact Echo-2 (IE-2-ST-SW) (IE-1) + Super Thin (IE-1-ST) + Surface Wave (IE-1-SW) + Super Thin + Surface Wave (IE-2) + Super Thin (IE-2-ST) + Surface Wave (IE-2-SW) + Super Thin + Surface Wave Model
IE-1 Model Performing the IE method at a sound concrete location gives results similar to the figure shown. A single, sharp, clear peak representing a known thickness is indicative of sound concrete. The slab investigated was 10 inches thick and the bottom echo results in a peak at 10 inches. IE - Concrete Location
Advantages
Will store more data than CTG systems. Tests concrete between 3.2" to 6 ft (81 mm to 1.8 m). Includes impactor solenoid and displacement transducer Allows user to test concrete down to 1.5" (38 mm) Allows user to perform Surface Wave (SW) tests with 8" arm (203 mm) (see CTG-SW section, page 7 for more details) Allows user to test concrete down to 1.5" (38 mm) and perform Surface Wave (SW) tests In addition to impactor solenoid and displacement transducer, includes accelerometer and small impulse hammer Allows user to test concrete down to 1.5" (38 mm) Allows user to perform Surface Wave (SW) tests Allows user to test concrete down to 1.5" (38 mm) and perform Surface Wave (SW) tests
IE-1-ST Model IE-1-SW Model IE-1-ST-SW Model IE-2 Model IE-2-ST Model IE-2-SW Model IE-2-ST-SW Model
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Impact Echo ASTM C1383-04 (Patented NDE 360 Scanner One Platform - Multiple NDE Tests Technology by Olson)
Impact Echo Scanner (IES) investigations are performed on large structural members with smooth concrete such as slabs, walls, bridge decks, beams, pipes, etc. where shallow voids, honeycomb, cracking or delaminations are of primary concern.
The Impact Echo Scanning (IES) system is designed for large area investigations of shallow voids, debonding/delamination, cracking or honeycomb often found between an overlay on a bridge deck or surrounding dense rebar mats. IES is commonly used in locating post-tensioning (PT) cables used in reinforcing various structures and determining duct grout condition. The scanning technology allows tracing of the PT cables through slabs and beams. An advantage of the IES method is that only one side of the structure needs to be accessible for testing. The IES Method is based on the Olson Engineering patented technology of a rolling transducer and automated impactor for near-continuous Impact Echo based thickness and flaw scanning of structural concrete and pavements. Performed at slow walking speeds, test results are obtained every inch (25 mm) in a line and multiple lines can be combined for 2-D to 3-D displays of concrete thickness and locations of internal void, honeycomb, cracking, delamination, etc. The scanning method is capable of determining bottom echo thicknesses up to ~ 40 inches (1 m).
Features:
Applicable On: Beams Bridge Decks Columns Dams Pavements Pipes Post-Tensioned Ducts Runways Slabs Tunnels Walls Test For: Cracks Honeycomb Voids Delaminations Thickness
Thickness accuracy 2% at high resolution when calibrated on a known thickness Thousands of tests can be performed per hour when imaging of internal concrete conditions is required System is compact, durable, and easily transported allowing for multiple tests per day Real-time waveform display while testing Software allows for more sophisticated processing English or Metric units can be used No coupling agents required for use of test head on concrete Works on cured, hardened concrete in air or on grade Works through paint and most types of bonded tile checks tile bonding too Easy velocity calibration at known thickness Thickness maps are easily constructed from data
Model
IES Model IES-M Model
Advantages
Allows for rapid Impact Echo testing of large areas Add a built-in microphone to collect acoustic information for shallow delamination detection, while collecting IES data
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Impact Echo Scanner
ASTM C1383-04 (Patented Technology by Olson)

Data Example 1
Method In IES investigations, an impactor is used to generate compressional waves that reflect back from the bottom of the tested member or from a discontinuity as sensed by a rolling displacement transducer. The response of the system is then measured by the receiver placed next to the impact point. Only one relatively smooth and clean surface needs to be accessible for rolling receiver coupling and solenoid impacting. Water can be applied to the surface to improve coupling of the receiver. Data Collection The user-friendly IES software is written and tested at Olson Instruments corporate office in Colorado. We do not outsource any tech support questions and, should you require software support, we welcome your questions and comments. Available Models The Impact Echo Scanning system is available in two different models which can be run from Olsons Freedom Data PC or NDE 360 Platforms: 1. Impact Echo Scanner (IES) 2. Impact Echo Scanner with Microphone (IES-M) The IES Model is the base model and can be operated from either the Freedom Data PC or the NDE 360. There are minor differences between operating this system with the Freedom Data PC vs. the NDE 360. The Freedom Data PC provides faster and more extensive processing capability and additional data storage space. The field-friendly NDE 360 is compact and lightweight. The IES data can be downloaded from the NDE 360 to a PC, allowing for the same post processing available with the Freedom Data PC. The IES-M Model includes a built-in microphone for situations where the user wishes to collect acoustic data simultaneously with IES data to detect deck delaminations. This system is an add-on test method for the Freedom Data PC platform only, purchased separately.
3-D IE Scan Display showing thickened end and possible thicker voided duct areas for 2 m tall wall over 62 m length with vertical thickness scale of 100 cm (1 m). The results from IES tests using the portable rolling IE Scanner system are imaged in the above Tomogram. In the IES testing, the clearest indication of the presence of grouting defects is the apparent increase in the thickness due to a reduction in the IES resonant frequency as a result of the decrease in stiffness associated with a defect.
Data Example 2
Sold only to US Government Agencies and Universities, as well as approved International sales. For consulting services, call 303.423.1212 for details.
IES-M Model: Freedom Data PC Platform Only
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NDE Impulse 360 Response One Platform - Multiple NDE Tests Slab ASTM C1740-10 | ACI 228.2R
The Slab Impulse Response method is excellent for evaluating the condition of slab subgrade and tunnel lining support.
The Slab Impulse Response (SIR) system is designed to identify subgrade voids below slabs-on-grade less than two feet thick. In addition, the Slab IR test method can be used on other concrete structures to quickly locate areas with delaminations or voids in the concrete, if the damage is relatively shallow. Slab IR can be performed on reinforced and non-reinforced concrete slabs as well as asphalt or asphalt-overlay slabs. The Slab IR method is often used in conjunction with GPR for subgrade void detection and mapping. Collecting Slab IR data at multiple, densely spaced locations can improve the conclusions by mapping relative areas of higher and lower mobility. Relatively low mobility (velocity/force) and flexibility (displacement/force) qualitatively indicates that such an area appears to be more solidly supported than an area with relatively high mobility and flexibility.
Applicable On: Features:
Concrete Slabs and Retaining Walls Pavements Pond or Pool Bottoms Runways Spillways Tunnel Liners Test For: Delaminations in Decks Voids below slabs/tunnel linings Soft, weak subgrade support
System is compact, durable, and easily transported allowing for up to 600 tests per day Real-time waveform display while testing Short learning curve for data acquisition and basic processing 2-D maps are easily generated from data by exporting the tables from WinSIR into Excel English or Metric units can be used
Model
SIR-1 Model SIR-2 Model
Advantages
Complete system for testing of slabs-on-ground Allows the user to test slabs and to expand testing to tunnels, inclined spillways, etc.
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Slab Impulse Response
ACI 228.2R
Method Conventional SIR testing requires access to the top of the slab. The vertical geophone receiver is mounted to the surface of the slab adjacent to the impact location and generally 3-4 inches away. Once the slab top is impacted with an impulse hammer, the response of the slab is monitored by the geophone. The hammer input and the receiver output are recorded by an Olson Instruments Freedom Data PC or NDE 360 equipped with the Slab Impulse Response System (SIR-1). In easy access areas, 400-600 Slab IR tests can be performed in an 8 hour workday. Once all of the data is collected, it can be processed with the WinSIR software provided, imported into a spreadsheet program, and then contour mapped. Data Collection The user-friendly SIR software is written and tested at Olson Instruments corporate office in Colorado. We do not outsource any tech support questions and, should you require software support, we welcome your questions and comments. Available Models The Slab Impulse Response system is available in two different models which can be run from Olsons Freedom Data PC or NDE 360 Platforms: 1. Slab Impulse Response - 1 (SIR-1) 2. Slab Impulse Response - 2 (SIR-2) The SIR-1 Model includes a vertical geophone transducer for flat slabs, an instrumented hammer, cables, and the acquisition/processing software. This system can be easily used to test slabs-on-grade and then create 2-D contour maps by importing the results table into programs like Excel. These renderings are often a valuable resource for isolating and repairing voids below slabs-on-grade. The SIR-2 Model includes the addition of an omnidirectional velocity transducer to perform tests on walls and ceilings of concrete beams and tunnels.
Determine areas of void/poor subgrade support and flawed concrete conditions with Slab Impulse Response
Data Example 1
Subgrade support condition evaluation parameters:

Mean mobility (in/sec/lbf) Shape of the mobility plot at frequencies above the initial straight-line portion of the curve (between 100 to 800 Hz in this investigation) Initial slope of the mobility plot gives the low-strain flexibility (in/lbf) of the spillway-subgrade system Slab thickness Local reinforcement Local joints/seams
Interpretation Pitfalls

Data Example 2
Good subgrade support low, smooth mobility.
Poor subgrade support high, irregular mobility
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Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves-S
ACI 228.2R
Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves (SASW) investigations are typically applied to assess material stiffness and condition, and layer thickness.
The Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves (SASW-S) system is designed for the following applications: 1. Condition assessment of concrete, including liners in tunnels, slabs, and other structural concrete members. 2. Evaluation of alkali-silica, fire, freeze-thaw and other cracking damage. 3. Surface-opening crack depth measurement. 4. Determination of abutment depths of bridges. 5. Determination of pavement system profiles including the surface layer, base and subgrade materials with optional WINSASW software. The SASW method uses the dispersive characteristics of surface (Rayleigh) waves to determine the variation of the shear wave velocity (stiffness) of layered systems with depth. The SASW testing is applied from the surface making it both nondestructive and non-intrusive. Once the shear wave velocity profiles are determined, shear and Youngs moduli of the materials can be calculated through the use of simple mathematical equations. If optional WINSASW software is purchased, shear wave velocity profiles can be determined from experimental dispersion curves (surface wave velocity versus wavelength) and compared to actual SASW measurements through a process called forward modeling or through an inversion process. This allows the user to find the best thickness and stiffness model for the layered system of interest. The SASW method can be performed on any material provided there is an accessible surface for receiver attachments. SASW is also used for geophysical purposes in estimating shear wave velocity of soils and rock (see the SASW Section in the Geophysical Engineering Section, page 38).
Applicable On: Asphalt Concrete Masonry Stone Wood Test For: Layer Thickness Material Moduli Shear Wave Velocity Profiles
Features:
Receivers mounted on the SASW-S bar allow for fast and accurate field measurements Real-time waveform display while testing System is compact, durable, and easily transported allowing for multiple tests per day Measurements accurate to within 5% for the determination of the thickness and stiffness of the top layer in a pavement system or of the concrete liner of a tunnel Acquisition and analysis software are compatible and easy to use yielding fast and accurate results
Model
SASW-S Model SASW-A Model SASW-SA Model
Advantages
Rapidly performs SASW tests with receiver spacings between 2.4" and 31.5" (6 and 80 cm). Includes SASW Bar. Performs testing with accelerometer receiver spacings up to 12 ft (3.6 m). Does not include SASW Bar. Most complete SASW system. Includes SASW Bar and two accelerometers for testing with receiver spacings up to 12 ft (3.6 m).
Option
WINSASW Software
Advantages
Allows determination of pavement system profiles
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Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves-S

Method The SASW method requires an accessible surface for receiver attachments. The extent of the accessible surface limits the investigation depth. As a rule of thumb, in order to investigate material properties to a depth D, the line of receivers on the surface must extend to at least a distance equal to 1.5D, preferably 2D. Once the receivers are mounted to the surface, acoustic energy is generated by an impactor and measured on the receivers. Data Collection The user-friendly SASW software is written and tested at Olson Instruments corporate office in Colorado. We do not outsource any tech support questions and, should you require software support, we welcome your questions and comments. It should be noted the SASW-S data is usually displayed and analyzed with our WinSW software. Additionally, more detailed analysis and modeling is possible with a program called WINSASW, available from the University of Austin Texas. Available Models The Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves system is available in three different models which can be run from Olsons Freedom Data PC or NDE 360 Platforms: 1. Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves - S (SASW-S) 2. Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves - A (SASW-A) 3. Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves - SA (SASW-SA) The SASW-S Model is the base model and includes the SASW receivers mounted to the SASW bar, the SASW cable, and ball-peen hammers for impacting the surface. This system is used for testing with receiver spacings between 2.4" and 31.5" (61 mm and .8 m). These spacings are appropriate for depth investigations down to approximately 2.6 ft (0.8 m). The SASW-A Model is comprised of two accelerometers. This system is appropriate for testing with receiver spacings up to 12 ft (3.6 m). The SASW-SA Model is the most complete SASW system as it includes both the SASW bar and a two accelerometers, which will allow for investigations up to approximately 12 ft (3.6 m).
ACI 228.2R
Data Example 1
Its important in the field to limit the accepted data to those wave forms that originate at zero volts with good repeatability. Once the data is accepted, it is important to check the coherence and the phase analysis of the data, which appear in the lower two plots. Good quality data on good quality concrete consists of high coherence and multiple saw-tooth phase cycles. SASW results showing good quality data taken on good quality concrete
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Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity/Sonic Pulse Velocity
ASTM C597-02, E494-95 | BSI 98/105795 | ACI 228.2R
Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) investigations are performed to assess the condition of structural members such as elevated slabs, beams, and columns when access to both sides is available. Sonic Pulse Velocity (SPV) is performed on mass concrete over 10 ft (3 m) in thickness.
The Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) systems are designed to identify and map voids, honeycomb, cracks, delaminations, and other damage in concrete, wood, masonry, stone, ceramics, and metal materials. UPV tests are also performed to predict strength of early age concrete. The UPV methodology relies on direct arrival of compressional waves, which are generated by sources with resonant frequencies ranging from 50 to 150 kHz. The highest resonant frequency sources/receivers are typically used with thinner structural members for higher resolution and smaller anomaly identification. The test is performed by positioning the source and receiver on either side of the area in question, then the source sends a compressional wave through the region, and the receiver records the full waveform on the other side. The position of the two transducers can be varied such that direct, semi-direct, and indirect tests can be performed, which aids in mapping out the volume of the defect. Further tests can be performed if the user wishes to generate a 3-D rendering of the volume in question. This is done by testing many different paths through the medium and then using a tomographic inversion program to generate a model. For more information about the tomographic inversion software, see the Tomographic Imaging Section, page 14. Applicable On: Beams, Beam Intersections Columns Complex Geometries Shaft Tops Walls Test For: Cracks Delaminations Honeycomb Velocity vs. Strength Correlation with Cores Voids
Features:
~ 50 kHz UPV transducers standard Short learning curve for data acquisition and basic processing Real-time waveform display while testing System is compact, durable, and easily transported allowing for multiple tests per day 2-D maps are easily generated from data by exporting the tables from WinUPV into Excel Tomographic velocity images can be generated from this data giving the user a 2-D or 3-D visual tool of the region in question English or Metric units can be used System includes a calibration bar as per ASTM and other standards
Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity

Assess the condition of structural members with 2 sided access
Model
UPV-1 Model SPV-1 Model SPV-2 Model
Advantages
Complete system for testing compression wave velocity and flaw detection Test mass concrete up to 20 ft (6 m) in thickness Allows for larger impacts of mass concrete over 20 ft (6 m) in thickness
Options
Tomo-1 Software
Advantages
Allows the user to perform and display tomographic inversions of UPV/SPV data which provides 2-D or 3-D velocity images of the tested materials
Direct Transmission
Semi-Direct Transmission
Indirect Transmission
spt-32
Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity/Sonic Pulse Velocity
ASTM C597-02, E494-95 | BSI 98/105795 | ACI 228.2R
Method Conventional UPV testing requires access to two surfaces, preferably two parallel surfaces such as the top and bottom surfaces of a slab or the inside and outside surfaces of a wall. This test can be performed, however, using the indirect method (figure on previous page) which does not require access to two surfaces. In defect areas, the compressional wave velocity is slower than in sound areas and signal amplitude is often lower. For structural members containing large, severe voids, signal transmission may be completely lost. In some defect areas, such as honeycombs, the compressional wave velocity may be almost the same as in sound areas, but distortion of the signal (filtering of high frequencies) may be used as an indication of a honeycomb defect. Data Collection The user-friendly UPV software is written and tested at Olson Instruments corporate office in Colorado. We do not outsource any tech support questions and, should you require software support, we welcome your questions and comments. For more information about the inversion program, GEOTOM, and the visualization program, Slicer Dicer, please feel free to contact our corporate office.
ULTRASONIC PULSE VELOCITY AND

TOMOGRAPHY IMAGING OF INTERNAL
H O N E Y C O M B /V O I D I N C O N C R E T E H I G H WAY SIGN COLUMN
Available Models The Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity/Sonic Pulse Velocity systems are available in three different models which can be run from the Freedom Data PC or NDE 360 Platforms: 1. Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity - 1 (UPV-1) 2. Sonic Pulse Velocity - 1 (SPV-1) 3. Sonic Pulse Velocity - 2 (SPV-2) The UPV-1 Model includes a pair of waterproof 50 kHz transducers, the necessary cables and modules for running this system, and the acquisition/processing software. This system can be easily used to test a variety of paths through a medium and then create 2-D contour maps by importing the results table into a spreadsheet program. The SPV-1 Model includes a 0.2 lb (0.1 Kg) impulse hammer and accelerometer receiver to test mass concrete up to 20 ft (6 m) in thickness. The SPV data can also be input into TOMO-1 to provide velocity tomograms. The SPV-2 Model includes a pair of accelerometer receivers for larger impacts of mass concrete over 20 ft (6 m) in thickness. The SPV data can also be input into TOMO-1 to provide velocity tomograms. Purchase the Tomo -1 Option, (tomographic imaging/ visualization software) and your data can be inverted, and 2-D or 3-D models can be created of the volume in question. These renderings are often a valuable resource for isolating and repairing defects.
velocity zones indicative of internal poor quality concrete due to poor consolidation in a horizontal slice and good concrete
2-D VELOCITY TOMOGRAM OF COLUMN identies slow
UPV DATA from 5 N-S and 5 E-W

tests on a 1 ft grid was used on the tomogram shown. Angled rays and more tests produce more accurate images
Data Example 1
A signal generated from the UPV test method can be considered a good signal if it meets all three of the following requirements as shown: 1) The signal should begin or originate at the origin, zero point, of the graph. 2) The arrival time of the wave should be very clear and apparent, regardless if it breaks up or down. 3) The signal should not be clipped.
3 Requirements for Good Quality UPV Signals
spt-33
NDE 360 One Platform - Multiple NDE Tests Multiple Impact Surface Waves
Multiple Impact Surface Wave (MISW) investigations are used in QA or forensic investigation of subgrade, base and top asphalt /concrete pavement layers as well as for structures and tunnels.
Multiple Impact Surface Waves (MISW) systems are designed to measure asphalt and concrete pavement surface layer (Single Layer software) thicknesses to within ~ 0.2 to 0.4 inches (~ 5 to 10 mm) when calibrated with limited cores. In addition, the MISW system can be used to measure surface wave velocity profiles vs. depth from which Youngs (elastic) moduli and layer thicknesses are determined (Single Layer and Multiple Layer software options). The pavement layer thickness/ moduli profile is used for mechanistic-empirical pavement design and rehabilitation studies. The MISW system can be used for Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) purposes for each layer of a pavement system during construction to provide pavement system layer thickness, typically the surface pavement layer, and moduli data for pavement, base, and subgrade layers. In pavement rehabilitation projects, MISW can be used to measure asphalt/concrete thickness/moduli as well as the thickness/moduli of the underlying base, and subgrade layers of pavement systems. Features:
Surface pavement layer thickness can typically be determined to ~ 0.2 to 0.4 inches (~ 5 to 10 mm) along with Youngs moduli (asphalt moduli is temperature corrected) Real-time waveform display and surface layer data processing while testing NDE 360 MISW systems are compact, durable, and easily transported allowing for multiple tests per day and field analysis of top layer results Freedom Data PC MISW system allows for field analysis of top layer results and more detailed field processing of data MISW offers improved accuracy vs. other surface wave methods for thickness/Youngs Moduli profiles SeisNDT-SL Single Layer software (by Dr. Nils Ryden) for QA of thickness/moduli of pavement (asphalt/concrete), base (gravel, cement, or lime-treated roadbase materials), and subgrade layers during new construction SeisNDT-ML Multiple Layer software for forensic thickness/ moduli determination of pavements and other layered systems (includes SeisNDT-SL for Single Layer Systems)
The MISW test method utilizes many of the same principles, equations, and data collection procedures as the SASW method (see SASW-S section). The differences between the two methods are predominantly in the data collection and processing where the MISW method is based on multichannel data processing techniques, developed for the Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW) method. All of the data taken during MISW testing is analyzed together to create a dispersion image or phase velocity spectrum.
Applicable On: Asphalt Base Concrete Rock Subbase Subgrade Soil Test For: Layer Shear Moduli Layer Poisson's Ratio Layer Thickness Layer Young's (Elastic) Moduli
Model
MISW-SL
Advantages
For thickness/moduli of surface pavement layer (asphalt/concrete) & moduli of base and subgrade materials as they are placed.
Options
MISW-ML
Advantages
Includes the theoretical modeling package for determination of thickness/moduli profiles of multiple and single layer systems.
spt-34
Multiple Impact Surface Waves
Data Example 1 Method In typical MISW tests, the generated surface waves are measured with an accelerometer fixed at zero offset. The testing proceeds by generating triggered hammer impacts out to a predetermined distance at fixed intervals of 2 to 8 inches (50 to 200 mm) and measuring the associated surface wave responses at the accelerometer. All recorded signals are then compiled to make an equivalent multichannel record that can be transformed to a phase velocity spectrum similar to the Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW) technique. Data Collection The user-friendly MISW SeisNDT software was written by Dr. Nils Ryden. This software has been extensively tested at Olson Instruments corporate office in Colorado and used for various projects. We do not outsource any tech support questions and, should you require software support, we welcome your questions and comments. Available Models The Multiple Impact Surface Wave system is available in two different models which can be run from the Freedom Data PC or NDE 360 Platforms: 1. Multiple Impact Surface Waves SL-1 (MISW-SL-1) 2. Multiple Impact Surface Waves ML-1 (MISW-ML-1) The MISW-SL Model is the base model. This system includes the equipment and basic software required for performing MISW testing of single (top) layers, but does not include the modeling software for multiple layer systems. The MISW-ML Model includes the theoretical modeling software for multiple layer investigations of pavements (inversion), structures and tunnels making it the most complete MISW system available as it can also be used on single layer systems for QA of new pavement systems. The MISW systems share many common attributes with the Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves-S (SASW-S), system. For more information on the above mentioned test method, please refer to the individual section in this catalog. Multiple Impact Surface Waves (MISW) approach to Seismic Pavement Testing
Resulting Multiple Impact Record Data Acquisition using (1) source and (1) receiver
The MISW method is shown on the top left above with the resulting multiple impact surface wave data record in the top right. The time domain data is transformed to the frequency phase velocity domain as shown in the bottom center. At higher frequencies (+12,000 Hz in the bottom center figure) and shorter wavelengths the symmetric (compressional S0 is the fundamental mode) and anti-symmetric (flexural A0 is the fundamental mode) wave propagation modes combine as the surface wave velocity in the top layer of a pavement system. At lower frequencies (< 2000 Hz in the bottom center figure) the multiple wave propagation modes are analyzed together to determine the thickness/shear wave velocity/Youngs moduli profiles of pavement, base and subgrade layers with the multiple layer theoretical modeling software to match the experimental frequency phase velocity domain data that is shown.
Data Example 2 Multiple Impact Surface Waves (MISW) Asphalt Results
This data (left side of plot) is typical for testing of the surface pavement layer, in this case asphalt. By assuming a free plate for the top asphalt (or concrete) pavement layer, one can simply match the S0 and A0 modes (see top right plot) and determine the S1 mode (impact echo thickness resonance frequency see blue vertical cursor line in bottom right plot) to get the thickness (h), shear wave velocity (Vs) and Poissons ratio properties for the surface pavement layer (shown in the top right plot).
spt-35
Geophysical Systems
Crosshole/Downhole Seismic ASTM D4428/D4428M-07/D7400-08(DS) NDE 360 One Platform - Multiple NDE Tests
Crosshole/Downhole Seismic (CS/DS) investigations provide information on dynamic soil and rock properties.
The Crosshole Seismic (CS) system and method determine shear and compressional wave velocity versus depth profiles. From these measurements, parameters, such as Poissons ratios and moduli, can be easily determined. In addition, the material damping can be determined from CS tests. These dynamic soil and rock properties are often utilized for earthquake design analyses necessary for certain structures, liquefaction potential studies, site development, and dynamic machine foundation design. The most complete version of this downhole system, as manufactured by Olson Instruments, includes a borehole source capable of generating shear and compressional waves and a pair of matching three component triaxial geophone receivers. These instruments are lowered to the same depth in boreholes set at ~ 10 ft (3 m) apart in a line. The instruments are coupled to the side of the grouted borehole inclinometer casing, allowing for the detection of shear and compressional waves as they pass between the receivers. The Downhole Seismic (DS) investigations are similar to CS investigations, but require only one borehole to provide shear and compressional velocity wave profiles. The DS method uses a hammer source at the surface to impact a wood plank and generate shear and compressional waves. This is typically accomplished by coupling a plank to the ground near the borehole and then impacting the plank in the vertical and horizontal directions. The energy from these impacts is then received by a single or pair (preferred) of matching three component geophone receivers, which have been lowered downhole and are spaced 5 to 10 ft (1.5 to 3 m) apart.
CS/DS -1 System
Optional P-SV Source
Features:
Real-time waveform display while testing Thin layers, which are often invisible to surface methods, can be detected with CS/DS investigations Acquisition and processing software are easy to use, yielding fast and accurate results CS method is the most accurate method for determining material properties of rock and soil sites Accuracy and resolution for the CS test method are constant for all test depths, whereas the accuracy and resolution for the DS surface method decreases with depth Sources and receivers can be oriented with inclinometer casing dummy probes P-SV source used in CS tests can impact in the vertical, transverse, and radial directions Correlation between CS and Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves (SASW) tests on soil sites showed that the values from both tests typically compare within a 10-15% difference Model
Applicable On: Soil and Rock for Seismic Vibrating Machine Foundation Design Test For: Seismic Shear and Compressional Wave Velocities Locate Faults, Fractures Image Voids, Solution Caverns, Washouts with Tomography
Advantages
This system includes one triaxial geophone and an accelerometer, used for triggering purposes. It allows for direct path measurements associated with each set of impacts. Most cost effective system for testing. This system includes two triaxial geophones and an accelerometer allowing for dual path measurements associated with each set of impacts. Most time effective system for testing.
CS/DS-1 Model
CS/DS-2 Model (shown in photo at left)
Options
P-SV Source
Advantages
This component allows for accurate and rapid triggering in CS testing by directly impacting the borehole casing. The source is configured for use with the above mentioned systems. Allows the user to perform and display tomographic inversions of CS/DS seismic velocity data which provides 2-D or 3-D shear or compressional wave velocity images of soil and rock
CS/DS -2 System
Tomo-1 Software
geo-36
Geophysical Systems
Crosshole/Downhole Seismic
ASTM D4428/D4428M-07/D7400-08(DS)
Method The CS investigation requires drilling of two or more (ideally three) boreholes cased with PVC or slope inclinometer casing for deeper borings up to 328 ft (100 m), and grouted in accordance with ASTM standards to ensure good transmission of wave energy. The boreholes are typically 4-6 inches in diameter cased with 2.32 to 3 inch (59 to 76 mm) I.D. casing, not to exceed 4 inches (102 mm) I.D. The testing is simplified if inclinometer casing is used rather than normal PVC pipe. Typical distances between adjacent in-line boreholes are on the order of 10 ft (3 m). The testing is performed by lowering both the source and receiver(s) to an investigation depth, firing the source, and recording the energy with the receivers. The DS investigation requires drilling a single borehole with similar specifications as listed above, except that only a single grouted 2 inch (50 mm) to 3 inch (76 mm) I.D. PVC casing is needed, not to exceed 4 inches (102 mmm) I.D. The testing is performed by lowering the receiver(s) to an investigation depth, impacting the coupled surface plank, and recording the energy with the receivers. Data Collection The user friendly CS/DS software is written and tested at Olson Instruments corporate office in Colorado. We do not outsource any tech support questions and, should you require software support, we welcome your questions and comments. Available Models The Crosshole/Downhole Seismic system is available in two different models with an optional P-SV Source. All systems require the Olson Instruments Freedom Data PC platform for testing: 1. Crosshole/Downhole Seismic - 1 (CS/DS-1) 2. Crosshole/Downhole Seismic - 2 (CS/DS-2) The CS/DS -1 Model is the base model for Crosshole or Downhole Seismic testing. This system includes one triaxial geophone and one accelerometer allowing for direct path measurements associated with each set of impacts, either in the borehole if a downhole source is used (CS) or on the surface if a downhole source is not used (DS). Specifically, this system can be used to test the material between the impact and the receivers location in the borehole. The CS/DS -2 Model includes two geophones and an accelerometer allowing for dual path measurements associated with each set of impacts, either in the borehole or on the surface. Specifically, this system can be used to test the material between the impact and the receivers location in the borehole(s). This DS-2 system performs the
Freedom Data PC Required, Sold Separately
All of the CS/DS Models are compatible with Olson Instruments P-SV Source. This component provides the user with the most accurate and rapid method of generating impacts.
Optional P-SV Source
Receiver 1
Optional Receiver 2
Triple Port Manifold
Dummy Probe
Dummy Probes Triaxial Geophone Receivers
SV P
SV P
Data Example 1
Screen shot from an Olson Instruments Freedom Data PC showing a waveform recorded during a Crosshole Seismic test. geo-37
Geophysical Systems
Spectral Analysis Surface- Waves - GNDE ACI 228.2R NDE 360 One of Platform Multiple Tests
Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves Geophysical (SASW-G) investigations are typically applied to assess material properties of soil and rock.
The Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves (SASW-G) system is designed to measure the in-place shear wave velocity profile of soil and rock without requiring a borehole. In general, the method uses the dispersive characteristics of surface waves to determine the variation of the shear wave velocity (stiffness) of layered systems with depth. Once the shear wave velocity profiles are determined, shear and Youngs moduli of the materials can be estimated through the use of elastic wave theory equations. The shear wave velocity profiles (shear wave velocity versus depth) are determined from the experimental dispersion curves (surface wave velocity versus wavelength) obtained from SASW-G measurements through a process called forward modeling or through an inversion process. The SASW-G method has been applied to soil sites with measurement depths exceeding 150 feet. It should be noted that the method requires an accessible area on the surface with a length equal to or greater than the measurement depth required. The method can applied on both bare ground as well as paved surfaces. Add the SASW-S bar for structural and pavement applications.
Optional SASW-S Bar and Extension Arm for: SASW-S+ G4 or G8 Models
Features:
Applicable On: Asphalt Concrete Masonry Rock Soil Wood Test For: Layer Thickness Shear Wave Velocity Profiles Soil Moduli
System design allows for fast and accurate field measurements System is compact, durable, and easily transported, allowing for multiple tests per day Real-time waveform display while testing SASW measurements are accurate to within 5% for the determination of the thickness and stiffness of the top layer in a pavement system Correlation between SASW and Crosshole Seismic (CS) tests on soil sites showed that the values from both tests typically compare within a 10% difference Acquisition and modeling software are compatible and easy to use, yielding fast and accurate results
Model
SASW-G4 Model
Advantages
Four channel SASW-G system with a pair of 1 Hz geophones and a pair of 4.5 Hz geophones. Most cost effective system. Eight channel SASW-G system with four 1 Hz geophones and four 4.5 Hz geophones. Allows for more rapid testing than the SASW-G4 Base Model. Most complete SASW system which includes structural and geophysical options.
SASW-G8 Model
SASW-S+G8 Model
SASW-G8 Models: Freedom Data PC Platform Only
geo-38
Geophysical Systems
Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves - G

Method The SASW-G method requires an accessible surface for receiver attachments. The extent of the accessible surface limits the investigation depth. As a rule of thumb, in order to investigate material properties to a depth D, the line of receivers on the surface must extend to a distance equal to 1.5D, preferably 2D. Once the receivers are mounted to the surface, acoustic energy is generated by an impactor and measured on the receivers. Data Collection The user-friendly SASW software is written and tested at Olson Instruments corporate office in Colorado. We do not outsource any tech support questions and, should you require software support, we welcome your questions and comments. It should be noted SASW-G data is usually displayed and analyzed in a program called WINSASW, available from the University of Texas at Austin. Available Models The Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves Geophysical system (SASW-G) is available in three different models: 1. Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves G4 (SASW-G4) 2. Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves G8 (SASW-G8) 3. Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves S+G8 (SASW-S+G8) The SASW-G4 Model is the base model for Spectral Analysis of Surface Wave testing, and can be run from the Freedom Data PC or NDE 360 platforms. This system includes a pair of 1 Hz geophones, a pair of 4.5 Hz geophones, a four channel module, and associated connection cables. The SASW-G8 Model can be run from the Freedom Data PC only. The system includes four 1 Hz geophones, four 4.5 Hz geophones, an eight channel module, and associated connection cables. This system allows for faster testing than the SASW-G4 model. The SASW-S + G4/G8 Models can be run from the Freedom Data PC only. The system includes all parts listed for the SASW-G8 system and SASW-S system (see the SASW-S Section, page 30). This is the most complete SASW system available.
ACI 228.2R
SASW - Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves

Determination of Pavement and Soil Velocity Profiles
Freedom DATA
source
receivers
Ground Level
R1
R2
d1/2 d1 d1
d1 = 2 to 300
Data Example 1
Example SASW-S shear wave velocity profile data for seismic building design
up to 300
geo-39
Subsurface
Geophysical Systems
Seismic Refraction/Seismic ASTM NDE 360 One Platform Reflection - Multiple NDE TestsD5777-00 /ASTM D7128-05
Seismic Refraction investigations are commonly used to determine bedrock depth & rippability. Seismic Reflection surveys are used to map, detect, & delineate geologic conditions including the bedrock surface, voids, water table and layer geometry (folds).
The Seismic Refraction & Reflection (SRR) system is designed to allow for either seismic refraction or seismic reflection data acquisition. The SRR system, which is designed for shallow surveys, can also be used for detecting voids in large civil structures such as dams (seismic reflection). Seismic Refraction surveys are used for excavation purposes to map the bedrock depth and evaluate rock rippability. Seismic refraction measurements are applicable in mapping subsurface conditions for various uses including geologic, geotechnical, hydrologic, environmental, mineral exploration, petroleum exploration, and archaeological investigations. Seismic Refraction investigations are commonly used to determine layer thickness and/or the subsurface compressional wave velocity of the overburden and underlying bedrock or to water table, stratigraphy, lithology, structure, and fractures. This inherently shallow technique requires that compressional seismic wave velocities increase with depth so wave refraction occurs. Seismic Reflection surveys are used to map, detect, and delineate geologic conditions including the bedrock surface, confining layers (aquitards), faults, lithologic stratigraphy, voids, water table, fracture systems, and layer geometry (folds). This methodology requires that the target be sufficiently deep, so that the incoming reflected wave arrives after the surface wave generated from the impact. Near-surface seismic-reflection data are generally high-resolution (dominant frequency above 80 Hz) and image depths from around 20 ft (6 m) to as much as several hundred feet (100+ meters). Applicable On: Mass Concrete Mass Cyclopean Masonry Rock Soil Test For: Layer Thickness Bedrock Topography Water Table Depth/Mapping Compressional Wave Velocity Profiles Rippability/Excavatability Fractures, etc.
Features:
System design allows for fast and accurate field measurements System is compact, durable, and easily transported allowing for multiple tests per day System includes a 12-channel geophone (4.5 Hz) string with ~ 10 ft (~ 3 m) spacings and a 100 ft (~ 30 m) extension cable for flexible testing setups The National Instruments 16 bit A/D data acquisition card with a maximum sampling rate of 64,000 samples/second for 13 channels allows for user programmable gain from x1 to x10,000 on the channels which makes the sensitivity equivalent to a 24 bit seismic system Data is acquired by triggering off of a single 4.5 Hz trigger geophone spiked in the ground by the impact point to record the source impact (sledgehammer, shotgun or other impact source not included) Real-time waveform display while testing Data is exported in SEG2 format which allows for analysis with both IXRefrax and Reflexw optional software packages, as well 3rd party seismic data analysis programs
Model
SRR-1 Model
Advantages
Complete system for acquiring both seismic reflection and refraction data
Options
IXRefrax Refraction Software Reflexw Reflection/ Refraction Software geo-40
Advantages
Allows the user to account for topography, perform necessary inversions, and create 2-D forward models for refraction surveys in a quick and easy fashion with state-of-the-art analysis Allows the user to create module type processing for 2-D data analysis and 3-D interpretation. More complex and comprehensive processing software.
Geophysical Systems
Seismic Refraction/Seismic Reflection
ASTM D5777-00 /ASTM D7128-05
Method In typical Seismic Refraction and Reflection tests, the geophone string is secured to the ground surface along a survey line using the spikes attached to each individual geophone and the roaming geophone is placed near the impact point(s). The testing proceeds by generating hammer impacts at various locations along and near the geophone string. All recorded signals are then compiled and analyzed. The acquisition procedures and processing techniques are dependent on the type of survey being conducted and the target of the investigation. Seismic refraction requires that the seismic velocity increase with increasing depth (otherwise SASW should be used). This allows for analysis of the wave refracted along the boundary of the overburden and underlying bedrock. Seismic reflection surveys require that the target is sufficiently deep so that the surface wave from the impact does not interfere with the reflected wave. Data Example 1 Data Collection The user-friendly SHM acquisition software is written and tested at Olson Instruments corporate office in Colorado. The two available processing packages, IXRefrax and Reflexw, were created by Interpex and Sandmeier Scientific Software respectively. We do not outsource any tech support questions and, should you require software support, we welcome your questions and comments.
Available Models The Seismic Refraction/Reflection system is available in a single model, which can be run from the Freedom Data PC: 1. Seismic Refraction/Reflection 1 (SRR-1) The SRR-1 Model is the base model for acquiring both seismic reflection and refraction data with a 12 channel geophone string (4.5 Hz geophones spaced at 10 ft or 3m with 100 ft or 30 m extension cable) plus an impact trigger geophone. Export raw data to SEG-2 files for analysis with 3rd party seismic refraction and/or reflection geophysical software. If the user wishes to utilize either of the compatible processing software packages mentioned on the previous page in the bottom right table, they can be incorporated into the SRR-1 model above.
Seismic Refraction bedrock profile on highway hillside. Elevation and topography features are accounted for in the bedrock profile display
Data Example 2
Freedom Data PC Required, Sold Separately Seismic Reflection survey results from top of concrete dam spillway over cyclopean masonry/rubble fill. Note the depth to the bottom of the top slab and reflections from apparent deeper voids
geo-41
Purchase Worksheet
Select Your Equipment Interest(s):
Olson Instruments Platforms
Freedom Data PC Freedom DAS PC NDE 360 Concrete Thickness Gauges Resonance Tester (for Lab Use Only)
Contact Olson:
Available System Add-Ons for Freedom Data PC/NDE 360

*Crosshole/Downhole Seismic [CS/DS] *Crosshole Sonic Logging [CSL]
Impact Echo [IE] Impact Echo Scanning [IES] Multiple Impact Surface Waves [MISW] Parallel Seismic [PS] Resonance Testing
*Seismic Refraction/Reflection [SRR]

12401 W. 49th Avenue Wheat Ridge, CO USA 80033-1927 Toll Free: 1.888.423.1214 Ph: 303.423.1212 Fax: 303.423.6071 email: info@OlsonInstruments.com www.OlsonInstruments.com www.OlsonEngineering.com
Slab Impulse Response [SIR] Sonic Echo/Impulse Response [SE/IR] Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves-G [SASW-G] Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves-S [SASW-S] Tomographic Imaging Software [for CSL, UPV and CS/DS] Ultraseismic [US] Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity [UPV]
* Not available on the NDE 360 Platform
Questions for Olson:
Notes:
Equipment in use at various job sites.

12401 W. 49th Avenue Wheat Ridge, CO USA 80033-1927 Toll Free: 1.888.423.1214 Ph: 303.423.1212 Fax: 303.423.6071 email: info@OlsonInstruments.com www.OlsonInstruments.com | www.OlsonEngineering.com

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CIVIL STRUCTURE

Olson Instruments, Inc.

Equipment for Imaging the Civil Infrastructure

Concrete Thickness/ Flaw Gauges

Olson Instruments, Inc.

Custom Systems .......................................................................................................................... 10 Add-On Nondestructive Testing Systems

Structural, Pavement, & Tunnel Systems

Geophysical Seismic Systems

Olson Instruments, Inc.

nondestructive testing platforms

Freedom Data PC  NDE 360  One Platform - Multiple NDE Tests

What Test Method Systems Are Available?

nondestructive testing platforms

Structural, Pavement, & Tunnel Test Systems

Geophysical Test Systems

Lab Test Systems

nondestructive testing platforms

Standard Model Impact Echo Test Head

CTG-1TF (Thickness/Flaw Model) Specifications

Accuracy: 2% at high resolution when IE velocity is

Power: Internal rechargeable NiMH battery pack

Learning Curve: Less than 10 minutes for thickness

nondestructive testing platforms

Concrete Thickness Gauges (CTG)  Enhanced Models

CTG Models with Enhanced Features

Test Gauge Impact Echo Test Head

CTG-1TF-SW [Surface Wave Velocity]

CTG-1TF-ST-SW [Super Thin + Surface Wave Velocity]

Test Gauge Impact Echo Test Head

Telescoping Pole SW Detachable Arm

nondestructive testing platforms

Concrete Strain Gauges and other sensors available

nondestructive testing platforms

Resonance Tester RT-1 

ASTM C215 | ASTM C666

Get Accurate Test Results in Seconds!

Testing a Rock Core

nondestructive testing platforms

Custom Systems NDE 360  One Platform - Multiple NDE Tests

Impact Echo Pipe Scanner

Bridge Deck Scanner (BDS)

nondestructive testing Add-on systems

Add-On Nondestructive Test Method Systems Section 

C o nc ret e Thic kness Ga uges

Olson Instruments, Inc.

Foundation Depth & Integrity SystemS

Crosshole Sonic Logging 

ASTM D6760-08 | ACI 228.2R

Freedom Data PC Required, Sold Separately

Foundation Depth & Integrity SystemS

Crosshole Sonic Logging 

ASTM D6760-02 | ACI 228.2R

Example CSL Result - Anomalies

CSL Result Arrival Time and Energy vs.

Alternate Log Display Formats

Foundation Depth & Integrity SystemS

SECOND ANGLE POSITION OF RECEIVER

FIRST ANGLE POSITION OF RECEIVER

Water Filled Access Tubes

Foundation Depth & Integrity SystemS

Tomographic Imaging Software for CSL, UPV, and CS/DS 

Crosshole Seismic/ Downhole Seismic (CS/DS) + Tomographic Velocity Imaging

Foundation Depth & Integrity SystemS

Freedom Data PC NDE 360 One Platform - Multiple NDE Tests

Concrete Thickness Gauges (CTG) Enhanced Models

Resonance Tester RT-1

Custom Systems NDE 360 One Platform - Multiple NDE Tests

Add-On Nondestructive Test Method Systems Section

Crosshole Sonic Logging

Crosshole Sonic Logging

Tomographic Imaging Software for CSL, UPV, and CS/DS

Tomographic Imaging Software for CSL, UPV, and CS/DS

Sonic Echo/Impulse Response ASTM D5882-07 | ACI 228.2R

Ultraseismic NDE 360 One Platform - Multiple NDE Tests

Impact Echo Scanner

Slab Impulse Response

Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity/Sonic Pulse Velocity

Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity/Sonic Pulse Velocity

Multiple Impact Surface Waves