INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC UNIVESITY MALAYSIA

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING

ANTENNA AND WAVE PROPAGATION Lecturer: Dr. Rafiqul Islam

ASSIGNMENT II

Name: Sumayia Abedin

Matric No.: 0929932

Field pattern plots:

a. Isotropic Point Sources of Equal Amplitudes, Same Phases and Spacing d = /2, with number of point sources as
i) N=2

phi = 0:0.01:2*pi; E=0.5*((sin(pi.*cos(phi))./sin((pi/2).*cos(phi)))); polar(phi,E)

ii)

N=4

phi = 0:0.01:2*pi; E=(1/4)*((sin(2*pi.*cos(phi))./sin((pi/2).*cos(phi)))); polar(phi,E)

iii)

N=8

phi = 0:0.01:2*pi; E=(1/8)*((sin(4*pi.*cos(phi))./sin((pi/2).*cos(p hi)))); polar(phi,E)

iv)

N=12

phi = 0:0.01:2*pi; E=(1/12)*((sin(6*pi.*cos(phi))./sin((pi/2).*cos(phi)))); polar(phi,E)

v)

N = 16:

phi = 0:0.01:2*pi; E=(1/16)*((sin(8*pi.*cos(phi))./sin((pi/2).*cos(phi)))); polar(phi,E)

Field pattern of 4 point sources spaced by and phase

Field pattern plot

1) = +/8

phi = 0:0.01:2*pi; E= abs(cos(((pi/2)*cos(phi))+(pi/16))); polar(phi,E)

2)

= -/8

phi = 0:0.01:2*pi; E= abs(cos(((pi/2)*cos(phi))-(pi/16))); polar(phi,E)

a. = +/4
phi = 0:0.01:2*pi; E= abs(cos(((pi/2)*cos(phi))+(pi/8))); polar(phi,E)

b. = -/4
phi = 0:0.01:2*pi; E= abs(cos(((pi/2)*cos(phi))-(pi/8))); polar(phi,E)

1)

phi = 0:0.01:2*pi; E= abs(cos(((pi/2)*cos(phi))+(pi/4))); polar(phi,E)

2) = -/2
phi = 0:0.01:2*pi; E= abs(cos(((pi/2)*cos(phi))-(pi/4))); polar(phi,E)

a) = +2/3
phi = 0:0.01:2*pi; E= abs(cos(((pi/2)*cos(phi))+(pi/3))); polar(phi,E)

b) = -2/3
phi = 0:0.01:2*pi; E= abs(cos(((pi/2)*cos(phi))-(pi/3))); polar(phi,E)

1) Phase = phi = 0:0.01:2*pi; E= abs(cos(((pi/2)*cos(phi))+(pi/2))); polar(phi,E)

2) Phase = phi = 0:0.01:2*pi; E= abs(cos(((-pi/2)*cos(phi))+(pi/2))); polar(phi,E)

Analysis It can be seen from the plots above that the directivity improves as the number of elements increases. Therefore if we want to increase the directivity we need to add more components to the array. Thus, in arrays of antennas, the directivity ( and other parameters such as beamwidth, levels of sidelobes etc.) can be controlled (smart antennas, adaptive antennas). Next, in the plot of two the array of two isotropic antennas with different phase differences, we can see from the plot that as the phase difference between the components increases the level of the side lobes also increases, until at = , the side lobe is no longer a side lobe but is of the same level as the main lobe, giving us to lobes around the axis (like omni directional pattern). Also for the positive and negative phase differences, the pattern with negative phase difference is the fipped pattern with positive phase difference.