Travel and Tourism Sector

UK COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND COMPUTING

Submitted BELET

by

NICOLETA

MIHAELA

INTRODUCTION The main function of this industry is to offer best destination to the tourists and it basically provides relaxation and recreational services to the customers (Burns and Novelli, 2008). The travel and tourism business is probably to make an important aid to global economic development in the present era. Many of the nations have acquired much of benefit from tourism industry as it has helped a lot to enhance its GDP and have created increased employment opportunities in the nation. Travel and Tourism industry it is one of the fastest growing industries in recent years, earlier this sector was not given much of importance but due to changing global situations it has attained a lot of recognition.Travel is one of the industries that provide employment to various types of people. Many of the studies have shown that the UK travelling industry has grown with a swift pace and it has helped to increase the inflow of cash in the country (Deuschl, 2006). In this context, the present report depicts detailed information about this industry and states in the historic development of travel and tourism. The environmental, economic and social influence of tourism has been mentioned in this report.

TASK 1 1.1 Explain the key historical developments in the travel and tourism sector Travel and tourism is considered as the global phenomenon that inexplicably massive infrastructure and its significance is evident from the fact that it consistently impacts the culture, politics, society and the economic level. There relies a complex, worldwide structure, which is dedicated to contended precise need of groups, society and individual. Since, beginning of this industry, it depicts several views ranging from the actual approval of its future growth for enrichment of self acquisition with communal belief that impacts on the systematic environmental issues (Martin, 2013). Tourism is significantly adapted to focus on the nature and is implied by growth and development in the information and communication technology sector. The economic growth of tourism in UK is aligned with a strong probable growth that has been included with competitive pricing and retransformation in the industrial sector. The growing proposition of technology and other different stages for promotion of tourism are reaching far ahead and it does not implies the general rules of stated by different economic conditions. The data provided by World Tourism Organization states that by the year 2020 arrival of tourists all around the global world will increase by 200% (Market research for the travel and tourism industry, 2013). Travel and tourism has become a highly competitive industry and it is now prominently driven with different innovations, technology and science. The transformations in the international and external environment also impacts on the performance of this industry and its associated companies i.e. restaurant, hotel and many more. This industry massively adds on development of economic condition of a nation and it helps in diverse destinations to offer wisdom to different tourists about culture and beauty of a country. A major transformation in the industry has been noticed due to advancement in the technological sector and it requires adopting the changes, as it helps for the growth aspect of a nation. At British Museum we can see the exhibition of: Life and death--Pompeii and Herculaneum--28 March 29 September 2013

( british museum)

Gold bracelet in the form of a coiled snake, 1st Century AD, Roman, Pompeii ( british museum)

Fragment of a wall painting showing a man reclining to drink. From Pompeii, 1st century AD( british museum)

Wall painting of the baker Terentius Neo and his wife. From the House of Terentius Neo, Pompeii. AD 5079( british museum)

Carbonised wooden cradle. From the House of M.P.P.Granianus, Herculaneum, 1st century AD( british museum)

Relief with Bacchus and followers, marble wall panel, From the House of the Dionysiac Reliefs, Herculaneum, 1st century AD( british museum)

Satyr and maenads, marble wall panel, From the House of the Dionysiac Reliefs, Herculaneum, 1st century AD( british museum)

Plaster cast of a dog. From the House of Orpheus, Pompeii, AD 79 ( british museum)

Mosaic of a guard dog. From the House of Orpheus, Pompeii, 1st century AD
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( british museum) Numerous kinds of changes have been noticed in this industry, one of the prominent changes is that nowadays as people have less time so uses the facility of internet in order to book the tickets and make reservations in hotel. (Mawforth and Munt, 2008). Many developing nations are actively seeking to participate in the international tourism facility and a range of services are needed so as to enhance economic condition as well as provide employment opportunities to the residents. It also helps the government of a nation to generate maximum revenue as the industry facilities to maintain a healthy relationship with other nations and minimize the line of poverty and develop in economical and social conditions (The History of British Tourism, 2006). 1.2 Explain the structure of the travel and tourism sector This sector is one of the most prominent sectors and has grown swiftly after the Second World War and provides an employment opportunity to more than 2.1 million people. It is majorly classified into two diverse aspects one is travel and other is tourism and both possess different functions and by providing effective service customers can be retained for long term in both the industry (Manente, 2000). Near about a similar structure is being followed in both the industry as mentioned below;
Regulatory bodies The different regulatory bodies that operate in diverse functions in

this industry are the governing or regulatory bodies. The regulatory bodies are responsible to offer in brief information about the travel and tourism to the customers. Certain regulatory bodies of UK are Association of UK travel agents and Civil Aviation Authority.
Industry players There are numerous industry players who are directly or indirectly

involved in the business operations of travel and tourism sector.

Distributors They are the suppliers who deliver in the products and services and are

responsible for every kind of service to the visitors while travelling. Distributors in travel and tourism industry are the people like travel suppliers, agents, organizations and hotels that provide in service on the internet (Market research for the travel and tourism industry, 2013).

 Public body There are different companies in this sector and are liable to offer service

in numerous areas and are related to media, culture and other transportation activities. Travel and tourism industry serves guests with a range of products and services and it operates in a precise set structure, which is valid to understand prior to cater needs of individuals. This industry basically covers wide range of organizations within it and is divided into different sectors according to the set skills and work involved (Marvell and Hayward, 2005). TASK 2 2.1 Analyse the function of government, government- sponsored bodies and international agencies in travel and tourism This sector is given much of significance by the government of nation as well because it is considered as a major source of revenue through foreign exchange earnings and tax revenue and due to its multiple impacts that can provide opportunities in economic and local development of country (Zhang, Chong, and Jenkins, 2002). The tourism industry sector is a product and service oriented industry that acquires widespread benefit and effects on the society and economy. The govt. of UK plays a crucial role in enhancement of this industry and the defined roles of local as well as international government are as follows;
Safety for tourists It becomes the duty of government to offer in proper safety and

facilities to the people visiting a nation. The role of local body involved in this sector increase with respect to fulfillment of tourists expectations.
Direct Association Authorized bodies are directly involved in maintaining the cultural

heritage of country so that maximum number of customers can be attracted towards this industry (Dale and Oliver, 2005).
Tax Benefits In order to endorse travel and tourism sector and encourage travelers

towards this sector, the govt. provides certain tax benefits and incentives to offer customers an additional benefit.
Increased Funding During the peak season in order to lower down the additional cost

of service so that maximum number of customers can attain benefit from this sector. Increased amount of subsidy is being given to different hotels and other tourism realted organizations.

2.2 Explain how local and national economic policy influences the success of the travel and tourism sector. It has been estimated that in total this sector accounts in for about 9% growth of GDP and employment generation all around the world. This sector varies a lot with changes in economical conditions and the inflow of cash in the nation. Travel and tourism is an increasingly drive for economic prosperity and social development. It also gets in influenced when cash is not flown adequately in the country (Clarke and et. al., 2012). Tourism gets influenced by different economic conditions of nations when the flow of money and is not appropriate and it impacts on the behavior of consumers. The development of travel industry is only possible when there are many customers and during the time of economic downturn the power of spending gets in decreased and it leads to ultimately a decrease in revenue of travel and tourism industry (Thomas, 2012). The changing technology offers in several benefits to citizens of UK in order to book their package and it also aids them to comprehend about the facilities of pay per package and the amount of money they are anticipated to spend during the touring operations.

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BRITISH MUSEUM PLAN

TASK 3 3.1 Explain factors affecting tourism demand Different cultural and political factors have positive as well as negative effect on the demand of this sector. Tourism demands depict the capability and willingness of customers to
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purchase different tourism goods and services at various prices at any point of time. A lot of factors that impacts on the demand of travel and tourism industry and all those factors that are accountable for increasing the ratio or number of tourists can be involved in the concept of demand of this industry. In travel and tourism demand, it is essential to diversify between actual demand for a destination country and the associated goods and services within the specified destination. The diverse factors that impacts on tourism sector are as follows; A lot of factors that impacts on the demand of travel and tourism industry and all those factors that are accountable for increasing the ratio or number of tourists can be involved in the concept of demand of this industry. Price factors It involves in the cost of transportation services and diverse cost of ground that is particularly influenced in by the prevailing rate of exchange. It also involves in income level that majorly impacts on activities related to industry and has been noticed since past several years that the flow of income in UK is prominent enough that generates in much of employment to the local residents (Simm, 2013).

Mobility Different modes of transportation are required to visit several places and

frequent transportation is available like rail, road and air transport. Better communication and transport services have made the entire world a smaller place and have bring in both awareness and exposure about different lands to bigger sections of future tourists all across the nation. Swift mode of transportation has decreased in the travelling time and also economical in nature (Harrison, 2006). This has led to a negative impact on the travel companies because very less number of customers uses their services as possess their own vehicle. Increased recreational and leisure time Changing scenario in business as well as in the service sector have enhanced the level of pay and paid vacation in many of the nations. In todays era people have both time and money that they allot to travelling, the present status states that there has been change in tastes and preferences of people and they prefer to give much of time to this sector (Tourism, 2013). Employment benefits by government The growth and development in this area have provided well entrenched plans and policies to employees that have quite a range of families with long term security and may be more willing to spend much of money in other activities

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3.2 Explain how supply has changed to meet the effects of demand The goods and services of tourism impacts on this industry and fluctuations in demand have an impact on the supply side of business. Multiple factors that impacts on the changing mindset of suppliers aids in to undertake suitable decision and diverse attributes are interrelated to each other and can be managed adequately (Petia and Peter, 2004). There is a need to manage tourism business as many elements such as capital, land and expenses on diverse promotional activities to manage an appropriate flow of goods and services so that requirements of customers can be fulfilled. Government undertakes appropriate decisions to generate ample amount of revenue and in order to enhance the demand the legislative bodies pay in much of attention on the benefits of this industry (Britain's Tourism Industry, 2013). Other than this travel industry gives in recreational facilities to visitors so that there can be an increased word of mouth for the destination as well as retain in business for longer duration.

TASK 4 4.1 Evaluate the main positive and negative economic,, environmental and social impacts of tourism. Sustainable tourism is developed for those practices that lead to high employment opportunity for people without hindering local culture, society and environmental. The main aims of sustainable tourism are positive implication on tourist, social environment and other professional bodies supporting sustainable tourism. The prime objective of sustainable tourism is to make sure that development activities bring positive impact on tourism companies, local community and tourists (Hall and Lew, 2009). Increase in global warming has become serious issue and government, people and other bodies have become active and understand their responsibility for
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environment. This awareness unrest many nations and they are developing eco-tourism to protect destination and world. This conversion of tourism into eco-tourism has helped in overcoming negative impacts and facilitating positive impacts for sustainable tourism. These actions will become successful only after active participation of stakeholder such as tourist, Government, travel agencies & operators and other players of hospitality industry (Weaver, 2012). Following are some ways through which sustainable tourism can be reinforced at destinations: Create awareness about political, social, environmental factor for improving sustainable tourism. Indulging civilians of destination to protect and maintain national and historical heritage. Stringent rules and regulation for every tourist and people. To attract large number of tourist, nation's professional bodies stimulating go green campaign and also establishing eco-friendly products (Harris, Williams and Griffin, 2012). Tourism is providing large number of employment to people who are in hunt for the job like providing jobs ion hotels, guide, tourist operator etc Eliminating factors which are depleting environmental resources Last but not the least, giving active and precious participation in developing and promoting tourism and their development (Weaver, 2012). 4.2 Explain strategies that can be used the minimize the negative impacts while maximizing the positive impacts. Tourism is one of the growing and highly contributing sectors in the nation's economy. With the development in tourism, lots of movements have been seen in the flow of currencies. This inculcates state of equilibrium in economic condition of destination. Development of tourism also helps in developing and protecting the infrastructure and historic monuments. By focusing in specified field, tourism significantly contributes in economic and social development of the country. Number of countries like Australia, France, London and many others has sense opportunities in this field and are reaping benefits from it (Espejo, 2008). Recent data and statistics show that tourism has provided employment to around one-tenth of workforce and this gives rise to per capita income. Further, it also supports in elimination of various social and
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economical threats like unemployment, poverty and low standard of living. Below are some other positive impacts of tourism on host countries: People learn about various customs, tradition and culture Tourism helps in eliminating negative thoughts about other nations or regions. Development of tourism gives rise to the development of friendly and healthy relation among people all around the world. Inflow of foreign exchange and a balanced economic condition. Helps in increasing per capita income and increase employment rate. Develops and maintain culture and historical buildings (Espejo, 2008). Its a universal truth that every aspect has two sides, one is positive and other one is negative. In case of tourism also, there exist negative side as well. Tourism is considered as the factor behind destroying culture, hampers the nation's dignity and also interferers in nation's privacy. Secondly, it is one of the reasons behind destruction of ecology and environment. The process of improving infrastructure and construction significantly affects eco-system and environment. This leads to adverse climatic change at some destinations. It also destroys national property like historic building and monuments (Hall and Lew, 2009). Another negative aspect of it is on the behavior of tourist towards local people. So, these are the plus and minus points in respect of tourism. CONCLUSION After thoroughly studying the travel and tourism sector it can be concluded that it is plays significant role in the development of a nation. Further, it is among the important sources through which any country can bring foreign exchange. Government of most of the countries has set out appropriate rules and regulations to promote tourism in their country. Therefore, future of the travel and tourism sector looks bright.

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REFERENCES Burns, M. P., and Novelli, M., 2008. Tourism Development: Growth, Myths, and Inequalities. CABI. Clarke, R. R., and et. al., 2012. Marketing in Travel and Tourism. 3rd ed. Routledge. Dale, G., and Oliver, H., 2005. BTEC National Travel and Tourism. Heinemann. Deuschl, E. D., 2006. Travel And Tourism Public Relations: An Introductory Guide for Hospitality Managers. Routledge. Harrison, D., 2006. Dictionary of Leisure, Travel and Tourism (3rd edition). Reference Reviews, 20(3). pp.52 52. Manente, M., 2000. Tourism consumption and interregional economic impacts in Italy.

International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management. 12 (7). pp.417 423. Marvell, A., and Hayward, P., 2005. GCE AS Travel and Tourism Double Award for AQA. Heinemann. Mawforth, M., and Munt, I., 2008. Tourism and Sustainability: Development, Globalisation and New Tourism in the Third World. 3rd ed. Taylor & Francis US. Mehmetoglu, M. and Normann, O., 2013. The link between travel motives and activities in nature-based tourism. Tourism Review. 68(2). pp.3 13. Moutinho, L., 2000. Strategic Management in Tourism. CABI. Ottenbacher, M.C. and Harrington, R.J., 2009. The product innovation process of quick-service hotel chains. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management . 2 (5). pp.523 541. Petia P., and Peter M, P., 2004. The value of tourism degrees: a Luton-based case study. Education + Training. 46(3). pp.153 161. Sharpley, R., and John, D., 2002. Tourism and Development: Concepts and Issues. Channel View Publications.
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