COURSE OUTLINE LEGAL RESEARCH Atty. Salvador B. Belaro Jr. 2nd Trimester, SY 2012-2013 I.

COURSE DESCRIPTION This course will introduce structures to the methodology of legal research and the preparation of legal opinions, memoranda or expository paper on any appropriate subject of legal research. It will include an introduction to legal bibliography as well as some practical pointer on research of legal materials as well as indexing of memoranda and legal opinions/papers/memoranda. II. COURSE REQUIREMENTS PRELIMS - 25% (Legal Bibliography)

MIDTERMS - 25% (Legal Citations) FINALS - 25% (Memorandum of Law [Take Home])

CLASS PARTICIPATION/REPORTS 25% III. REFERENCES Selected portions of the following materials: Santos, Basic Information for Legal Research in the Philippines, pp.99-144 Moreno, Philippine Legal Bibliography, pp.i - 103 Hazelton, Computer Assisted Legal Research, 1-73 Handbook of United States Legal Research Materials, 1-60 Gupit, A Guide to Philippine Legal Materials (Ch.11- Methods of Legal Research, pp.354-387 Trowbridge Vom Baur, Manual on Legal Research, Writing and Indexing, pp. 1-103 Feliciano, Legal Citations IV. CLASS SCHEDULE 1st Session Introduction to Legal Research 2nd Session- UP Law Library Visit; Individual Reports

3rd Session- Congressional Library Visit; Individual Reports 4th Session Prelims 5th Session- National Library Visit; Individual Reports 6th Session- Integration: Philippine Legal Bibliography 7th Session- Legal Citations 8th Session- Midterms (Legal Citations, Open Book) 9th Session Methods of Legal Research 10th Session Continuation: Legal Research, Writing, Indexing 11th Session- Practical Exercise (Answering Legal Queries by Clients/Legal Opinion Writing Take Home) 12th Session- Finals (Memorandum of Law- Take Home) 6th Session Integration: Philipine Legal Bibliography

LEGAL TECHNIQUE AND LOGIC Atty. Salvador B. Belaro Jr. 2nd Trimester, SY 2012-2013 I. COURSE DESCRIPTION: This is a course on the methods of reasoning, syllogisms, arguments and expositions, deductions, the truth table demonstrating invalidity and inconsistency of arguments. It also includes the logical organization of legal language and logical testing of judicial reasoning. In general, it describes the legal method being used by the legal profession. II. COURSE REQUIREMENTS Prelims 25% Midterms- 25% Finals 25% Class Participation 25%

III.

COURSE SYLLABUS

A. THE PHILIPPINE LEGAL SYSTEM Villanueva, Comparative Study of Judicial Role and Its Effects on the Theory of Judicial Precedents in the Philippine Hybrid System. 65 Phil. L.J. 42 (1990)

B. LAW AS PROCESS 1. The judicial process Pound, Mechanical Jurisprudence, Vol. VIII, Columbia L. Rev. 605 (1908) Holmes, The Path of the Law, X Harvard L.R. 457 (1897)

2. Extra-legal influences Vitug, Shadow of Doubt (Part Two) (pp. 123-142) 1. People v. Romualdez, 587 SCRA 123 (2009)

2. Manotok v. Heirs of Barque, 574 SCRA 468 (2008) C. LAW AND LOGIC 1. The nature of legal reasoning Cardozo, The Nature of the Judicial Process (1960) Lectures II, III and IV Paperback, Yale Univ. Press (Lecture)

2. Reasoning by analogy: stare decisis Sunstein, On Analogical Reasoning, 106 Harvard L. Rev. 741 (1993) Goodhart, Determining the Ratio Decidendi of a case, 40 Yale Law Journal 161 (1930) Dorf, Dicta & Article III, 142 U. Pennsylvania L. Rev. 1997 (1998) 1. Datu Kida v. Senate of the Phils., G.R 196271, Oct. 18, 2011

D. LAW AND LANGUAGE 1. The language of the law Mellinkov, The Language of the Law (Chs. 1, 2 & 3) Cardozo, Law and Literature, 1925 Yale Review 489; and also, Law and Literature and Other Essays by Cardozo (1931, Harcourt Brace & Co.) Exercise

E. CONSTITUTIONAL INTERPRETATION 1. It is a Constitution We Are Interpreting Tribe, American Constitutional Law, (Volume I) (2000 Ed.) Ch. 1, Approaches to Constitutional Analysis, pp. 30-110.

2. Approaches to Interpretation 1. Textual Approach o Tribe, supra, pp. 30-40 2. Structural or institutional relationships o Tribe, supra, pp.40-47

3. Historical or originalist approach o Tribe, supra, pp. 47-70 4. Ethical approach o Tribe, supra, pp. 70-78 5. Doctrinal or stare decisis approach o Tribe, supra, 78-85 6. Prudential or balancing approach o Tribe, supra, pp. 85-110 7. Exercises o Estrada v. Escritor, 408 SCRA 1 F. SCHOOLS OF THOUGHT OF STATUTORY CONSTRUCTION 1. Judicial restraint Frankfurter, Some Reflections on the Reading of Statues, 47 Columbia L. Rev. 527 (1947) Plain meaning rule o Estrada v. Sandiganbayan, 369 SCRA 394 (2001)

2. Realist school Frank, Words & Music: Some Remarks on Statutory Interpretation, 47 Columbia L. Rev 1259 (1947)

3. Towards a given end Schacter, Metademocracy: The Changing Structure of Legitimacy in Statutory Interpretation, 108 Harvard L. Rev. 593 (1194) Libertarian and libertain ends (White Light Corp. v City of Manila, 576 SCRA 416)

4. Strict construction Scalia, The Rule of Law as a Law of Rules, 55 Univ. of Chicago L. Rev. 1175 (1989) Text and subtext

Francisco v. House, 415 SCRA 44

5. Deference to the legislature Spirit over the letter of the law Ang Bagong Bayani v. COMELEC, June 16, 2001 Legislative intent Ejercito v. Sandigan, 509 SCRA 190 Object of the Law Ortiz v. San Miguel Corp., 560 SCRA 654 Conclusiveness of legislative findings People v. Ferrer, 48 SCRA 382

6. Intrinsic aids to construction 1. Expresio unios o CHR Employees Assn v. CHR, 496 SCRA 226 2. Provisions in pari materiae o People v. Estrada, 583, SCRA 302 3. Noscitur a sociis o Coca-cola Bottlers v. Gomez, 571 SCRA 18 4. Ejusdem generis o Parayno v. Jovellanos, 495 SCRA 85 5. General v. specific words o Borromeo v. Mariano, 41 Phil. 332 6. General v. specific laws o Lagman v. City of Manila, 75 SCRA 579 7. Redendo singular singulis o King v. Hernaez, 4 SCRA 792 8. Casus omissus o People v. Manantan, 5 SCRA 684 9. Antecedent and qualifying words o Quisumbing v. Garcia, 573 SCRA 266 10. Technical words with technical meaning o Matibag v. Benipayo, 380 SCRA 49

11. Common words and common meaning o Silverio v. Republic, 527 SCRA 373 7. Extrinsic aids to construction 1. History of statue o U.S. v. Pompeya, 31 Phil. 275 2. Legislative proceedings o Gaanan v. Intermediate Apellate Court, 145 SCRA 113 3. Contemporaneous construction o People v. Temporada, 574 SCRA 258 4. Statues adopted from other jurisdictions o People v. Zapata, 88 Phil. 688 5. Re-enacted statues o American Bible Society v. City of Manila, 101 Phil. 386 6. Effect of repeal o SEC v. Interport Resources Corp., 567 SCRA 354

G. METHODS OF REASONING 1. ANALOGY 2. INDUCTION 3. DEDUCTION 4. FREQUENTLY COMMITTED FALACIES 5. LOGICAL FLOW IN CASE ANALYSIS