BR-45 (1)/64 ADMIRALTY MANUAL OF NAVIGATION VOL. 1Cone (Chapter Cte ¥ coupe VE cope X Caper Xt ChaperX1 chapter XIV, Contents Pasion an Distan ot Earths Safe Admiay Char and Publis “The Ships Psion and Track Fang by Observation o Teresi ics "The Gyo-Campase “dean Til Same Navigation ae Rule of he Rod “ uCHAPTER I Position and Direction on the Earth's Surface aoa the at fing te poston of sip at en, and condating her Sree ete pace Tt put of tags which cancer withthe a rm rs SnTatnceone of eens bods i fly ek ah im Yume “The min purpose of Youre i 0 Orbe poe, which nthe a of conde RP the nebo of anges, gt as rks and shal, Se ale Plage cls ors tpi of chat, Sain Ditections a ar undiso of acl nao agaton wit = bY, Base reek te ao aide Bo fs inorder to apprecte tein ad TENE in umledgat the Earthsnd the ite of meant conceal ‘1, The Earth: Ober sore Fie th, Obtarveetiyabore ‘he Eas ‘he Nach Pie ‘THe EARTH Anlough the arth it ota pet apr, it maybe considered 0 for de ‘pipes of nuigtion se the err mich veut fom shi mpi ae tk nie The depres fom the spel uape ae expe in tue “Tom Pours of se Bat Ta Fig. ta, Pad Pare the eee ofthe Eat ais of tation, and sre ead the “oleEarn 190 West ‘Te drton owas which the Earth roti lle eas the opposite om ano Sour ‘The topes ave dtingished arity. The anh, when vowed frm aoe the Noth Pole (P), rts in an anicloknoe Section Ci 10 ‘Aertel the North Ple may be gare that le woh ies tee fan observer os fing eat The pote pol ele he South Pol (), 1 omicath dzetion cel a gt ange othe es-mest ston 1 gus PP it proted would very ney the ae diectontsa own he Fle Sao Plat ‘he Gsear Cn A sphee i formed by rating ce about dameter. Any section of « anise by plane mut therioe be scl IF he plane ye tha tbe ‘ae ofthe sphere he teting mtn he Ine tte tine fn oon 4 reat cle importa bonne ges the moe {he shots tek betwen nyo lacs whth hoon soe te gta ele {ech the oaret approach ta ener Ene which can be re ae sae sapere esa the ph en iy noo wee norte Fars sac 1 the plage doc not pas though the centre f the apr, te section i Jon thal dese (Fe 9. ‘Tar Equeron “The pret cece mina betwee the poles known the ‘oun’ Every int on the equate there 96" from the pe (Pe Meas “These are sarge ics joining the pet, and are perpen the quator tn Fig PAP? i one mint Pa'P i anther a theca ie slike Ear Latiade and Longtade ‘To find the positon of any pin it a plane, sii ohn it shortest For hs ream, omg Sayeed sng he shaver are 40, and ee AWE ning on whether the ple ca ~, Poston “he poton of plc canter drt nts of ade rah of Se Thomas’ Church toner, Prema for example, i inte 59 deareee ‘fine ay scone on of the sn, tnd in hoi t Cope, nit to seen eu Cree "The postion corded ts ruts Drarmmsct oF Laces The “ince of Meta’ emnen tno places Band Tin Fig. 4 io the erence between the Its of F and That the length FMF along the ‘erin tough Pct ff bythe paral of bide through aT. eho te pie ar onthe sae side of the eqstr sd hve the ame ame ‘nah enn Fig athe difecne foe by subtracting te se oT the sale one, iene bode of F 1E Tes on the ne ofthe equator oppose to F, and the sw places have testa a(n Fg) he ic of ae he “Ti expeion ‘frre ofa’ i hed wheter he iad have the same names or nt ays reed os the dela, hwvton which Fo. Poa “Th rule for fning he at may be summa th Same names tract, inden tind tere owing north or oath, Ta Fig be ald [emoving south andthe dlt would be me S I Fig she woul be ‘ong nh, ste ic wold be mated Tar cmp» ship staming fram Portemowth (3°48) w Git (96 2X} enter ade by 1°48, boo she here satin, Sn Thee From Fatsnouth gs sar jean A ship staing fam Suva FG G8" 28) 4 Hopaab (2° 18°N) would ange belie By 39°27 Tecsu she bevel steno ooh Tae From See wey, ‘To Hoonae IN Seat (opie net ad) 9° 27S “The ‘ference of longitude’ between 149 places F and T (Fig. ie the sieeoce between the ong of P and P= that ithe length BD et off Slog the equator by the meridians through and or te ang a he pe jge% Pormeecor Larne ‘tween te meridians ofthe two perscones writen ‘ng 1 apa tat sae ra bls for Sing {fe mga for ing he Sa namely Same name rat, ppt name od For example, ship sing Som Sandy Hook, New York (722), 02 the Bibep Hock Light athe Sein (627) woud change het forse by (sys Beeae hehesl ie moving et. Ts From Sindy Hook 42 ‘To Bip Rock OW, ing (ome nai tact) GF 33 A sip gaming fm Mak (43) 6 Gar (52°) shan br lomptde by to's sna she bel moving ee. Th se hg tenner) ig 988 Shou ism excel" alana a nesemay the lowing comple il ee Suppose ht a nino wih o ke i ip om Spey 5 #5 E) ppm : toa (gy S240) Cy By ls he Sng 30" oy he trou go ba othe Greenich meridia and hen rat, reeding west Ihe tine tin pace te woul ovuay go the shore way, which ext, ‘The number ssn ows tle mats be sae or 360° itn 8 an fe mabe reed Ts ‘oe From Syy ast ax, ‘Tolonohie ew, ong opie names ade) 9° 06 ye ong wat When postnne are dened by thir ttade and longi, seein, the estion af one lace else ro anther sta be ety iene «at at Sore UNITS OF MEASUREMENT Angular Distances between Two Paces Since iis agreed to coder the Eartha ahr, he dtc bomen places ‘the Ents rsace convenient apred anplar mesure "The length ofthe grest-ciel are Pin Fig. fren (= angle CT), Ring the ais ofthe sere and he sage FET being ewe ‘dans Because Rectan the length FT ie ppoti ote sf sos RO fo enh cay lr tr a He “he tt conten uit for memuring Shee op te Eats ure i therfore ted onan agli the tt ef tance selected 9 eg often ave whch subtende a gle of one mite atthe sete af Linear Measurement of Longitude Tan be sen fom Fig, hatte dite othe Ears are beeen any {wo meridian ret tthe equtr snd dinsnshes univ ul ose the pol here al he meriane met, Te hi i's det Ttngtade onthe src of the Enh there tre sn ccna with Inte ad canoe beaten aba Standard measre of nth Fane thesimace onthe Eat’ ute representing 30 dese of lie aide SEPNT yeah eat len, when atte sno 7 So sail es ath er de ew pet deel de ai ‘Eoin beeen 3 pear bo depen south apron the ae 36 tha besnean dogo an o dees orth ony he comenin of alt ina nen pp Ide hen he sad oni of eruement sf scab el he aust ose ule Asa represent nut of ong oly the Gunter. The naa os mle st the leah of amie of 3te ‘ttmured slong aridon but he eth ie om tat gS fs the ‘hun o bots 608 ett the ple sig tthe ireglar spo the cy, nit thor swab for praca! ont which rm be costae Ie Sppeoimste mean sue ie hrf ake a Bo fetch alae st Ine andthe tr il’ in navigation refrt atie Exespt om charts where the syd A Ts now adopted, this ii bays Which aso the apmiol fers mnt of ae Ths 168 eae i ke. (The syn} pls lore the decimal pi not tic te ia gure seg 19" Sand ot 108m orer ene that 30 ere ‘nae inthe potion the dina poe) Ii or empl, the angle FCT in Fig 56°25, he let of the wat sinless PP msn ov ag5 im anal menaremen, 0098 63) 35°5 te called otf uel sta thou the war 4 Gatco fet ‘ve hoses wad Becoming Bato simpy, seaming sk “he to at tie rom tr od mts of Sd » sp pent Licht mater by enn of ale, ce ofstoured rg edn knots, (Tec etyspced song tes and he mare of kote pt oa over the Tera daring « sven ners of tine (esrered by 2 sings) ied the ‘Sips apelin nea alee per hour “Tm Srarore Miz om Lao Mu "Tin an aris ui ieroncd by Quon Habe , who dese tha it wart be 8 fron of 4 perches of 16} fet ~ making 80 fet tall, "The namical mile being 6 ft nd the sute mile 520 te, 7 ates rile ae apronetly ea fo 8 uate mle, Me crt, £3 satel ‘les areca #5 tat ule. ASCE SNE RE ed alan The ie mee aa cea ele besa ao ea ea Msconmmsrs tote = fect oughly 29 yards, 120 thos rocates (a es or se me or oughly 00 urs ‘ie oo ee = ego obs) = Sen ile thee TIES le per hor (The tae fa mur of seed ai) COURSE AND BEARING Direction efor mvt cin take hip from, say. Scapa Flow to Berge, be us fie cin te econ in teh Berge is fo Sepa Fl, tat by ‘ecing inte dito Ne ay ave t Berge. Ditecion its een bythe nto the bosaogtvardewhich A prone amiog ora Val i orng I thor ently Iie, “The stl dcone are Nort, Sout, East, and Wet essing The rigor ofa ship jn mi-oen the orzo i cil dean abut the ‘hip ascent sad there's ning 9 dating oe piston tha ire fom inater ode o proceed na pute ison ti therfore near to eer toynme dati ine fed deeton Te sgl betes thi ata ln to the descian in whch i eqied wo rowed cab the ening th pin toward weap prose “True Bearing "The mnt comesient dau ia he merida hoo the ship's passion, becasne {hee she mortvscuch ne: Resnge mented fom ta atm ae Keown a re being