Core Knowledge Sequence UK: All Subjects, All Years

Last updated: 1 August 2013

The Core Knowledge Sequence UK

The Core Knowledge Sequence UK is a year-by-year outline of the specific and shared content and skills to be taught in Years 1 to 6. This springboard for learning provides the foundation for a sound, well-rounded education in the arts, humanities and sciences. Current events and technology are constantly changing, but there remains a significant body of enduring knowledge and skills that form the foundation of a strong curriculum. All children should be able to unlock the library of the world's literature; to comprehend the world around them; to understand where they stand (literally) on the globe, and to realise the heritage that the history of their country has bestowed on them. In order to achieve this, it is important for every child to learn the fundamentals of mathematics; basic principles of science; theories and structures of government; significant events and themes from history; masterpieces of art, music and literature from around the world; and stories and poems that have been passed down through the generations. By explicitly identifying what children should learn in each academic year, it is possible to ensure a coherent approach to developing cumulative knowledge across all school years, making the most efficient and effective use of teaching time. Over the past 20 years, the Core Knowledge Foundation has developed and refined the Core Knowledge Sequence in partnership with schools implementing the curriculum. Our 2012 edition of the anglicised Sequence UK reflects these practical insights gained by real teachers and real pupils in real classrooms.

Core Knowledge UK, Civitas 2013

1 www.coreknowledge.org.uk

Core Knowledge Sequence UK: All Subjects, All Years

Last updated: 1 August 2013

History and Geography: Year 5

WORLD HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY
Teachers: The study of geography embraces many topics throughout the Core Knowledge Sequence, including topics in history and science. Geographic knowledge includes a spatial sense of the world, an awareness of the physical processes that shape life, a sense of the interactions between humans and their environment, an understanding of the relations between place and culture, and an awareness of the characteristics of specific regions and cultures. Many geographic topics are listed below in connection with historical topics.

I. SPATIAL SENSE
Teachers: Review as necessary map-reading skills and concepts, as well as geographic terms, from previous years Relief maps: identify elevated areas, depressions and river basins. Compare aerial photographs and maps. Identify the ways in which maps represent and simplify the real world. Read maps and globes using latitude, longitude, coordinates and degrees. Scale: measure distances using map scales. Identify the Prime Meridian, the 1800 line (International Date Line), the Eastern and Western Hemispheres. Terms: contour, scale, Prime Meridian, renewable, aquifers, reservoir, crust, tectonic plates, magma, lava, igneous, metamorphic, sedimentary, rainforest, savannah, immigration.

II. THE SPREAD OF ISLAM AND THE HOLY WARS

Teachers: Since religion is a shaping force in the story of civilisation, the Core Knowledge Sequence introduces children in the early years to major world religions, beginning with a focus on geography and major symbols and figures. In Year 5 the focus is on history, geography, and the development of a civilisation. The purpose is not to explore matters of theology but to understand the place of religion and religious ideas in history. The goal is to familiarise, not proselytise; to be descriptive, not prescriptive. The tone should be one of respect and balance: no religion should be disparaged by implying that it is a thing of the past. A review of major religions introduced in earlier years in the Core Knowledge Sequence UK is recommended: Judaism/Christianity/Islam (Year 2) and Hinduism/Buddhism (Year 3). A. ISLAM Muhammad: the last prophet Allah, Quran, jihad Sacred city of Makkah, mosques Five pillars of Islam o Declaration of faith o Prayer (five times daily), facing toward Makkah o Fasting during Ramadan o Help the needy o Pilgrimage to Makkah Arab peoples unite to spread Islam in Northern Africa, through the eastern Roman Empire, and as far west as Spain. Islamic Turks conquer region around the Mediterranean; in 1453, Constantinople becomes Istanbul. The first Muslims were Arabs, but today diverse peoples around the world are Muslims. B. DEVELOPMENT OF ISLAMIC CIVILISATION Contributions to science and mathematics: Avicenna (Ibn Sina), Arabic numerals Muslim scholars translate and preserve writings of Greeks and Romans Thriving cities as centres of Islamic art and learning, such as Cordoba (Spain) Core Knowledge UK, Civitas 2013 101 www.coreknowledge.org.uk

Core Knowledge Sequence UK: All Subjects, All Years

Last updated: 1 August 2013

C. WARS BETWEEN MUSLIMS AND CHRISTIANS The Holy Land, Jerusalem The Crusades Saladin and Richard the Lionheart Growing trade and cultural exchange between east and west

III. AFRICA
Teachers: Introduce children to African geography and climate. Explain the importance of trade in the formation of the early African kingdoms, and use this to place them within the wider context of the trading routes, exploration, and cultural transmission based around east Africa and the Indian Ocean. A. AFRICAN GEOGRAPHY Mediterranean Sea and Red Sea, Atlantic and Indian Oceans o Cape of Good Hope o Madagascar Major rivers o Nile, Niger, Congo Major lakes: Victoria, Tanganyika, Chad Atlas Mountains, Mt. Kilimanjaro Contrasting climate in different regions: o Deserts: Sahara, Kalahari o Tropical rain forests (along lower West African coast and Congo River) o Savannah (grasslands) o The Sahel (the fertile region below the Sahara) B. AFRICAN HISTORY Early African Kingdoms o Kush (in a region also called Nubia) Once ruled by Egypt, then became rulers of Egypt o Aksum (also spelled Axum) A trading kingdom in what is now Ethiopia Medieval Kingdoms of the Sudan o Trans-Sahara trade led to a succession of flourishing kingdoms Ghana, Mali, and Songhai o Camel caravans Trade in gold, iron, salt, ivory, and slaves o The city of Timbuktu Centre of trade and learning o Spread of Islam into West Africa through merchants and travelers Ibn Batuta (also spelled Battutah, Batuta), world traveler and geographer o Mali: Sundiata Keita, Mansa Musa o Songhai: Askia Muhammad

IV. CHINA: DYNASTIES AND CONQUERORS

Teachers: Remind children of what has been learnt about Chinese geography and civilisation in Year 3. Build on this knowledge to explain the hugely powerful and influential Chinese dynasties and how new invaders vied for supremacy. Use concepts such as the Silk Road to explain how trade connected and influenced a variety of cultures and civilisations throughout Asia, Africa and Europe A. QIN SHIHUANGDI, FIRST EMPEROR (RULED FROM 221 BC UNTIL HIS DEATH IN 210 BC) Begins construction of Great Wall, 220 BC 102 www.coreknowledge.org.uk

Core Knowledge UK, Civitas 2013

Core Knowledge Sequence UK: All Subjects, All Years B. HAN DYNASTY (206 BC 220 CE) Trade in silk and spices, the Silk Road, the invention of paper

Last updated: 1 August 2013

C. TANG (618 907) AND SONG DYNASTIES Highly developed civilization: extensive trade, important inventions (including compass, gunpowder, paper money) D. MONGOL INVASIONS AND RULE (13TH CENTURY) Genghis Khan and the Golden Horde Kublai Khan: establishes capital at what is now Beijing o Marco Polo E. MING DYNASTY (1368 1644) The Forbidden City Explorations of Zheng He

V. AUSTRALIA, NEW ZEALAND AND THE SOUTH PACIFIC

Teachers: Introduce children to Australian geography, climate and history. Explain the importance of trade with respect to Australias role in the British Empire, and use these topics to place the wider context of trading routes, exploration and cultural transmission in Australia, New Zealand and the South Pacific. A. GEOGRAPHY South Pacific Ocean Major rivers: the Murray and the Darling (Australia) Contrasting climate in different regions: o Australia: climate differs regionallydry outback, greener coastal areas o New Zealand: hot in the North Island (farther from the South Pole and closer to the Equator), snow in Arthurs Pass on the South Island o South Pacific islands are very hot Settlements located along the coasts, especially on the East Coast of Australia and coasts of New Zealand B. AUSTRALIA Large cities: Canberra, Sydney, Adelaide, Melbourne, Brisbane, Cairns, Darwin, Perth, Alice Springs Important features: Ayers Rock, outback, Great Barrier Reef (worlds largest coral reef), tropical rainforest, beaches Six states and strong geographical differences between them: New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, and Western Australia Aboriginal people: traditional music and dance, strong oral history, importance of ancestors, historic art including aboriginal rock engravings [cross-curricular connection with Year 4 Visual Arts] Unique animals: koala, kangaroo, platypus, emu, kookaburra bird History o British explorer James Cook was the first European to make contact with Australia (on eastern coastline) o Australia used as a penal colony for British prisoners o Gold rush in the 1850s and subsequent importance of mining o Australia became an independent country that was a dominion of the British Empire (1907) o New architecture: Sydney harbour bridge and the Sydney Opera House are well-known modern architectural pieces C. NEW ZEALAND Large cities: Auckland, Christchurch Core Knowledge UK, Civitas 2013 103 www.coreknowledge.org.uk

Core Knowledge Sequence UK: All Subjects, All Years

Last updated: 1 August 2013

Important features: o Milton Sound, fjords and mountains on the South Island o Geysers in Rotorua on the North Island[cross-curricular connection with Year 2 History and Geography: geysers in Yellowstone National Park in the US and in Iceland] o Geographic isolation and unique species of plants and animals (e.g. kiwi fruit and kiwi bird); some plants and animals were threatened by the arrival of new plants and animals brought through colonisation (e.g. rabbits and ferrets that threatened the kiwi bird and other animals) Mori people and culture: elaborate mythology, traditional dancing (see rugby and the haka below), food traditionally cooked in a hngi (fire in a pit, with food cooked on top of stones and covered with leaves or mats) History o Dutch explorer Abel Tasman sighted New Zealand in 1642 o British explorer James Cook was the first to circumnavigate New Zealand o Treaty of Waitangi was a groundbreaking document that recognised Mori property and rights (1840) o New Zealand as a member of the British Commonwealth o First country in the world to grant all women the right to vote (1893) Sports o Mountaineering: Sir Edmund Hillary (from New Zealand) and Tenzing Norgay (from Nepal) were the first to climb Mt. Everest (worlds tallest mountain) in 1953 [cross -curricular connection with Year 3 History and Geography] o Rugby: All Blacks rugby team, Mori participation in rugby and the national teams performance of the haka (traditional Mori challenge) before matches

D. SOUTH PACIFIC ISLANDS James Cook as an explorer and a cartographer who was the first to map South Pacific Islands from New Zealand to Hawaii Melanesia: islands include New Guinea, New Caledonia, Fiji, Solomon Islands Micronesia: islands include Guam, Marshall Islands Polynesia: islands include New Zealand, the Hawaiian Islands, Samoa, Tonga, Tuvalu, the Cook Islands, French Polynesia, Easter Island

VI. EUROPEAN EXPLORATION, TRADE, AND THE CLASH OF CULTURES

Teachers: European cultures and civilizations experienced economic growth and, inspired by trade, an expansion of power from the 15th century. It is recommended that you use timelines to place these people and events in the context of the students previous studies of the early exploration and settlement. . A. BACKGROUND Beginning in the 1400s Europeans set forth in a great wave of exploration and trade. European motivations o Muslims controlled many trade routes. o Profit through trade in goods such as gold, silver, silks, sugar, and spices o Spread of Christianity: missionaries Geography of the spice trade o The Moluccas, also called the Spice Islands: part of present-day Indonesia o Indochina, the Malay Peninsula, the Philippines; Definition of archipelago o Ring of Fire: earthquakes and volcanic activity B. EUROPEAN EXPLORATION, TRADE, AND COLONISATION Portugal o Prince Henry the Navigator, exploration of the West African coast o Bartolomeu Dias rounds the Cape of Good Hope o Vasco da Gama: spice trade with India, exploration of East Africa 104 www.coreknowledge.org.uk

Core Knowledge UK, Civitas 2013

Core Knowledge Sequence UK: All Subjects, All Years o o Spain o o Portuguese conquer East African Swahili city-states Cabral claims Brazil

Last updated: 1 August 2013

Two worlds meet: Christopher Columbus and the Tainos Bartolom de las Casas speaks out against enslavement and mistreatment of native peoples o Treaty of Tordesillas between Portugal and Spain o Balboa reaches the Pacific o Magellan crosses the Pacific, one of his ships returns to Spain, making the first round-theworld voyage England and France o Search for Northwest Passage o Colonies in North America and West Indies o Trading posts in India The Netherlands (Holland) o The Dutch take over Portuguese trade routes and colonies in Africa and the East Indies o The Dutch in South Africa, Cape Town o The Dutch in North America: New Netherlands, later lost to England

UK GEOGRAPHY I. EAST ENGLAND

A. HERTFORDSHIRE, BEDFORDSHIRE, CAMBRIDGESHIRE, NORFOLK, SUFFOLK, ESSEX Flat or rolling land, Norfolk Broads, flooded peat, Fens (Cambridgeshire), reed swamp, wet woodland, sheep farming, wool trade, clay, corn farming, roses, vegetable farming, Eastern Electricity, high tech industry/Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge University, Stansted airport, Harwich/Felixstowe port, Norwich, Peterborough, Luton, Southend-on-Sea

II. EAST MIDLANDS

A. NOTTINGHAMSHIRE, DERBYSHIRE, LEICESTERSHIRE, RUTLAND, NORTHAMPTONSHIRE AND MOST OF LINCOLNSHIRE Coal mines/textile industry/engineering (all much declined), cement manufacture, Peak District, Sherwood Forest, The Trent, Rockingham Forest, The Wash, Fens (Lincolnshire), D.H. Lawrence, Rolls-Royce (engines), car plants, food processing, Leicester, Nottingham, Derby

III. WEST MIDLANDS

A. STAFFORDSHIRE, GLOUCESTERSHIRE, WORCESTERSHIRE, WEST MIDLANDS, WARWICKSHIRE, HEREFORDSHIRE Malvern Hills, River Severn, Wye Valley, Cotswolds, Black Country, potteries (now redundant), industrial belt, industrial villages, Ironbridge Gorge (birthplace of the industrial revolution), Cadbury UK, breweries, pharmaceuticals, car plants, Warwick Castle, William Shakespeare, Stratford, Birmingham, Wolverhampton, Shrewsbury, Dudley, West Bromwich, Solihull, Coventry, Rugby (birthplace of rugby).

IV. YORKSHIRE AND HUMBERSIDE

A. YORKSHIRE, HUMBERSIDE, PART OF LINCOLNSHIRE Peak District, N Yorkshire Moors, Yorkshire Dales, River Humber, port of Hull, coal, iron and steel works, wool towns (Bradford, Huddersfield, Leeds), Barnsley, Doncaster, textile mills, Bront Sisters. 105 Core Knowledge UK, Civitas 2013 www.coreknowledge.org.uk

Core Knowledge Sequence UK: All Subjects, All Years

Last updated: 1 August 2013

BRITISH HISTORY I. 18TH CENTURY BRITAIN

Teachers: The Act of Union in 1707 created Great Britain, a new nation, but it did not yet create Britons. Encourage students to think about the nature and formation of national identity, and identities in general. Explain how this period sees the development of political institutions that are still familiar today, and use the Jacobite rebellions as a reminder of the continued importance of religion in political and social life. A. JAMES I AND VI HAD BEEN ATTEMPTING TO FORM A FULL POLITICAL UNION, BUT FAILED In Scotland, opinion over union was divided o The failure of the Darien scheme; Scotland financially devastated The Act of Settlement, 1701 o The Act secured the line of succession through protestants The Act of Union, 1707 o The Scottish parliament voted itself out of existence o Robert Burns famous line: bought and sold for English gold o Scotland managed to retain her legal and university structures; the Church of Scotland remained Presbyterian The creation of Great Britain was one of necessity, with mutual hostility and mistrust on both sides o Great Britain into an international power; global empire o Scotland developed financially; the loss of power and status helped cause the Scottish Enlightenment B. DEVELOPMENT OF PARTY POLITICS; PARLIAMENT MORE IMPORTANT AFTER THE BILL OF RIGHTS Anne becomes Queen (1702) after the death of William III o Spanish War of Succession; the Duke of Marlborough and the Battle of Blenheim Accession of George I in 1714; House of Hanover Detached approach to government, visited Hanover frequently o Decline of monarchical power and influence Whig v Tory after the Glorious Revolution Robert Walpole came to the fore in Parliament [Builds on Year 1 History and Geography] o The South Sea Bubble o Appointed First lord of the Treasury by George I in 1721 o Referred to as the Prime Minister C. JACOBITE REBELLIONS; RETURN OF THE HOUSE OF STUART Last internal military engagement in Britain; national identity and romantic nationalism 1715, first Jacobite Rising o Initial success o Government attempts to suppress the Jacobites and the highlands o The Disarming Act ; Fort George Built ; Highland regiments incorporated into British Army; speaking Gaelic was opposed. 1745, second, larger Jacobite Rising; Jacobite forces to Derby o Charles Edward Stuart, known as the Young Pretender or Bonnie Prince Charlie o Support in areas of Scotland and north of England; Battle of Prestonpans o Battle of Culloden; end of Jacobitism as political force; heroic defeat in national memory o Bonnie Prince Charlie escaped to Skye with Flora MacDonald

II. THE ENLIGHTENMENT AND SCIENCE

Teachers: Explain how the Enlightenment was a flourishing of intellectual and scientific thought and discovery, using rational thought and reasoning to understand the world. Students should understand how 106 Core Knowledge UK, Civitas 2013 www.coreknowledge.org.uk

Core Knowledge Sequence UK: All Subjects, All Years

Last updated: 1 August 2013

this was a break from the past. Ensure children understand how innovations in this period form the basis for much of our modern day understanding of the world. Link the technical developments to the nascent industrial revolution, and the political thought to the American and French Revolutions. A. PERIOD OF INTELLECTUAL, SCIENTIFIC AND POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS [Builds on Year 2 History and Geography] Multiplicity of ideas and discoveries and their impacts on society o Begun in the later 17th century and encompasses the 18th century Based on reason, and the power of humans to use reason and observation to fully understand and control the world o Empiricism ; understanding natural phenomena; challenging religion o Humanism developed through thinkers such as Thomas Paine o Denis Diderots Encyclopedie; spreading new ideas; ordering the information precisely o Dr Johnsons dictionary; order and regularity into language o Joseph Banks; Endeavour voyage with James Cook; botany [Cross-curricular connection: builds on Year 1 Science]

III. AMERICAN REVOLUTION

Teachers: Connect the American Revolution to the ideas of liberty and royal power that students looked at when studying Britain during the 17th Century, as well as the political thought from the Enlightenment in the previous section. The American Revolution can be used to discuss ideas such as representation and democracy. Explain the wider impact of the Revolution in Britain and across Europe, particularly in France. Also raise and discuss issues about the nature and formation of national identity. A. PROVOCATIONS British taxes, No taxation without representation o Boston Massacre o Boston Tea Party o First Continental Congress protests to King George III Thomas Paines Common Sense B. THE REVOLUTION Lexington and Concord o Redcoats and Minute Men o Bunker Hill Second Continental Congress Declaration of Independence; adopted July 4, 1776 o The proposition that All men are created equal o The responsibility of government to protect the unalienable rights of the people o Natural rights: Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness o The right of the people... to institute new government C. VICTORY AT SARATOGA, ALLIANCE WITH FRANCE Valley Forge Cornwallis: surrender at Yorktown D. DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE Ideas and principles E. MAKING OF THE CONSTITUTION Republican government o Articles of Confederation o Founding Fathers: James Madison as Father of the Constitution 107 www.coreknowledge.org.uk

Core Knowledge UK, Civitas 2013

Core Knowledge Sequence UK: All Subjects, All Years Constitutional Convention o Arguments between small and large states o The divisive issue of slavery, three-fifths compromise

Last updated: 1 August 2013

F. CONSTITUTION We the people of the United States The separation and sharing of powers in American government: three branches of government o Checks and balances, limits on government power, veto The Bill of Rights: first ten amendments to the Constitution

IV. FRENCH REVOLUTION

Teachers: The French Revolution can be seen as a watershed moment in the history of the western world, undermining traditional aristocratic and monarchical hierarchies, and children should understand why it has been seen as so significant. Also discuss its impact in Britain, and across Europe, in spreading radical ideologies about democracy and republicanism, and inspiring egalitarian ideas and organisations. A. THE INFLUENCE OF ENLIGHTENMENT IDEAS AND OF THE ENGLISH REVOLUTION ON REVOLUTIONARY MOVEMENTS IN AMERICA AND FRANCE The American Revolution: the French alliance and its effect on both sides The Old Regime in France (LAncien Rgime) o The social classes: the three Estates o Louis XIV, the Sun King: Versailles o Louis XV: Aprs moi, le dluge o Louis XVI: the end of the Old Regime o Marie Antoinette B. 1789: FROM THE THREE ESTATES TO THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY July 14, Bastille Day o Declaration of the Rights of Man o October 5, Womens March on Versailles o Liberty, Equality, Fraternity C. 1793: THE GUILLOTINE AND THE TERROR Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette to the guillotine o Reign of Terror: Robespierre, the Jacobins, and the Committee of Public Safety D. DRAMATIC IMPACT OF FRENCH REVOLUTION ACROSS THE WORLD; MORE POLITICAL POSSIBILITIES Initially positive British reactions; increasing hostility as revolution progressed o Edmund Burkes Reflection on the Revolution in France (1790)

V. NAPOLEON
Teachers: The rise of Napoleon should be treated in connection with events studied in the French Revolution section. Discuss the nature of Napoleons power in contrast with the ideas of the Revolution, and encourage students to look at his impact across Europe, especially in connection with the growth of European nationalisms. A. NAPOLEON BONAPARTE AND THE FIRST FRENCH EMPIRE Napoleon as military genius Crowned Emperor Napoleon I: reinventing the Roman Empire o The invasion of Russia o Exile to Elba o Wellington and Waterloo Core Knowledge UK, Civitas 2013 108 www.coreknowledge.org.uk

Core Knowledge Sequence UK: All Subjects, All Years

Last updated: 1 August 2013

VI. ABOLITIONISM
Teachers: Explain the efforts to stop slavery in the context of its huge and extensive operation across the world, particularly in the Americas. Encourage students to think about the personal and psychologically damaging effects of slavery, as well as the reasons why people opposed abolitionism. A. ABOLITION OF SLAVERY IN THE BRITISH EMPIRE Committee for the Abolition of the Slave Trade, 1787 o Somersett case, 1772 William Wilberforce o Thomas Clarkson o Support from freed slaves o Autobiography of Olaudah Equiano o Freetown Slave Trade Act, 1807 o Slave trade abolished throughout the British Empire Slavery Abolition Act, 1833 o All slaves in the British Empire freed and their owners compensated Haiti: the only directly successful slave rebellion took place here o Toussaint LOuverture leads the Haitian slaves in an uprising against the French, inspired by the example of the French Revolution o Establishes the first post-colonial independent nation in Latin-America

FEATURED GREAT EXPLORER

A. JAMES COOK [Builds on UK HistoryThe Age of Reason, History and Geography, Year 5]

Core Knowledge UK, Civitas 2013

109 www.coreknowledge.org.uk

Core Knowledge Sequence UK: All Subjects, All Years

Last updated: 1 August 2013

Visual Arts: Year 5

Teachers: In schools, lessons on the visual arts should illustrate important elements of making and appreciating art, and emphasise important artists, works of art, and artistic concepts. When appropriate, topics in the visual arts may be linked to topics in other disciplines. While the following guidelines specify a variety of artworks in different media and from various cultures, they are not intended to be comprehensive. Teachers are encouraged to build upon the core content and expose children to a wide range of art and artists, particularly any that they may be able to view first-hand. In studying the works of art specified below, and in creating their own art, students should review, develop, and apply concepts introduced in previous grades, such as line, shape, form, space, texture, colour, light, design, symmetry, etc.

I. LANGUAGE OF ART: STYLE

Teachers: In Years 1 - 4 students have learned a great deal about the elements of art and how to talk about works of art and architecture. In Year 5 extend this knowledge by helping children also consider and express styles as they see them in works of art and architecture. They should already be familiar with the term from Language and Literacy. Understand the meaning of style as a noun and, in the context of art, as a term to refer to how something looks. Practice applying the term style to describe contrastin g works of art already known to students, comparing two works, for example: o Stubbss Whistlejacket [from Year 3 - Form] (often described as smooth in style since no brushstrokes are visible and the colours have been carefully blended) o Munchs The Scream [from Year 4 - Design] (which can be described as rough or broad in style as the brushstrokes are evident and the paint appears to have been hastily applied and the colours are unmixed)

II. ISLAMIC ART AND ARCHITECTURE

[Cross-curricular links with Year 5 World History] Become familiar with examples of Islamic art, including illuminated manuscripts and illumination of the Quran (Koran). Note characteristic features of Islamic architecture, such as domes and minarets, in: o The Dome of the Rock (Mosque of Omar), initial construction completed in AD 691 (Jerusalem) o The Alhambra Palace, 1527 (Granada, Spain) o The Taj Mahal, 1632 (Agra, India)

III. THE ART OF AFRICA

[Cross-curricular links with Year 5 World History: Early and Medieval African Kingdoms] Note the spiritual purposes and significance of many African works of art, such as masks used in ceremonies. In addition, recognise cultural changes that are reflected in artwork. For instance, in parts of West Africa where Portuguese traders arrived in the 16th century, many works of art display Portuguese influence in the materials and techniques used, as well as in what was depicted in the art. Become familiar with examples of art from specific regions and peoples in Africa. The following suggestions can be found in the British Museum in London: o Antelope headdresses of Mali o Sculptures by Yoruba artists in the city of Ife o Ivory carvings from Ife and Benin o Bronze sculptures and panels from Benin

Core Knowledge UK, Civitas 2013

110 www.coreknowledge.org.uk

Core Knowledge Sequence UK: All Subjects, All Years

Last updated: 1 August 2013

IV. THE ART OF THE EAST: CHINA

[Cross-curricular links with Year 5 World History: China - Dynasties and Conquerors and Year 3 World History: China] A. CHINA Become familiar with examples of Chinese art, including: o Silk scrolls o Calligraphy (the art of brush writing and painting) o Porcelain (such as Ming ware) o Jade Carving (for statuary and jewellery)

V. TYPES OF ART: PRINTS AND PRINTMAKING

Teachers: Prints and printmaking provides an excellent opportunity to allow your students to create original artworks using the media and techniques they are examining. Specialist equipment is not necessary to experience print-making; mono-printing, for example, requires little other than paint, wooden sticks and paper, and desks or tablets that can be wiped down! Understand that printmaking is an indirect art form, where the artist usually creates a design on a block or plate (or wood, plastic or metal), or even on a screen of silk, and this is transferred to a supportusually paperafter a pressing with ink. Printmaking can be a positive (relief), negative (intaglio) or stencil process. Appreciate that the benefit of printmaking is that it allows the creation of multiple versions of the same design. Artists like Rubens and Hogarth realised they could use this to spread their images to a wider audience, not least because paper prints were generally cheap and comparatively quick to produce.

Find out about some of the various printmaking techniques, ranging from mono-printing, engraving, etching, screen-printing to lithography and even photography is a form of printmaking. Recognise as products of printmaking (prints), and discuss: o Albrecht Drer, The Rhinoceros (woodcut) 1515 (British Museum, London) o Paulus Pontius after Rubens, Self-Portrait (of Rubens), 1630 (British Museum, London) o William Hogarth, An Election Entertainment (engraving), 1755 (Hogarth House, Chiswick, London) o Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, Moulin Rouge La Goulue (colour lithograph), 1891 (V&A, London)

Core Knowledge UK, Civitas 2013

111 www.coreknowledge.org.uk

Core Knowledge Sequence UK: All Subjects, All Years

Last updated: 1 August 2013

Music: Year 5
Teachers: In schools, lessons on music should feature activities and works that illustrate important musical concepts and terms, and should introduce important composers and works. When appropriate, topics in music may be linked to topics in other disciplines. The following guidelines focus on content, not performance skills, though many concepts are best learned through active practice (singing, clapping rhythms, playing instruments, etc.).

I. ELEMENTS OF MUSIC
A. ELEMENTS Through participation, become familiar with basic elements of music (rhythm, melody, harmony, form, timbre, etc.). o Recognise a steady beat, accents, and the downbeat; play a steady beat and a simple rhythm pattern. o Discriminate between fast and slow; gradually slowing down and getting faster. o Discriminate between differences in pitch: high and low. o Discriminate between loud and soft; gradually increasing and decreasing volume. o Understand legato (smoothly flowing progression of notes) and staccato (crisp, distinct notes). o Sing unaccompanied, accompanied, and in unison. o Recognise harmony; sing simple rounds and canons. o Recognise verse and refrain; also, introduction and coda. o Continue work with timbre and phrasing. o Recognise theme and variations, and listen to Mozart, Variations on Ah vous dirai-je Maman (familiarly known as Twinkle Twinkle Little Star). o Sing or play simple melodies. A. NOTATION Review the following notation o

Crotchet

o o o

Minim Semi-breve Stave

Treble clef and names of lines and spaces in the treble clef

Crotchet rest 112 www.coreknowledge.org.uk

Core Knowledge UK, Civitas 2013

Core Knowledge Sequence UK: All Subjects, All Years o

Last updated: 1 August 2013

Minim rest

o o

Semibreve rest Bar line

Double bar line, bar, repeat signs

Quaver

Time signature: 4 quadruple time 4

Time signature: 2 duple time 4

Time signature: 3 triple time 4 Soft: p Very soft: pp Loud: Very loud:

o o o o

Understand the following notation: o Moderately soft: mp o o Moderately loud: mf Middle C in the treble clef

Core Knowledge UK, Civitas 2013

113 www.coreknowledge.org.uk

Core Knowledge Sequence UK: All Subjects, All Years

Last updated: 1 August 2013

Tied notes

Dotted notes

Sharps

o o o

Flats Da Capo (D.C.): meaning from the beginning Da Capo al fine (D.C. al fine): meaning repeat from beginning to the fine (end) mark

II. LISTENING AND UNDERSTANDING

Teachers: Expose children to a wide range of music, including childrens music, popular instrumental music, and music from various cultures. A. THE ORCHESTRA Review the orchestra, including families of instruments and specific instruments, by listening to Benjamin Britten, The Young Persons Guide to the Orchestra. B. VOCAL RANGES Teachers: Students should learn to recognise and name the different vocal ranges, and apply their knowledge by beginning part singing. Recognise vocal ranges of the adult female voice: o High = soprano o Middle = mezzo soprano o Low = alto Recognise vocal ranges of the male voice: o High = tenor o Middle = baritone o Low = bass C. COMPOSERS AND THEIR MUSIC Teachers: Provide brief, child-friendly biographical profiles of the following composers, and listen to representative works. George Frederic Handel, Hallelujah Chorus from The Messiah Franz Joseph Haydn, Symphony No. 94 (Surprise) Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, The Magic Flute, selections, including: o Overture o Introduction, Zu Hilfe! Zu Hilfe! (Tamino, Three Ladies) o Aria, Der Vogelfnger bin ich ja (Papageno) o Recitative and Aria, O zittre nicht, mein lieber Sohn! (Queen of the Night) o Area, Ein Mdchen oder Weibchen (Papageno) o Duet, Pa-pa-gena! Pa-pa-geno! (Papageno and Papagena) o Finale, Recitative and Chorus, Die Strahlen der Sonne! (Sarastro and Chorus) 114 www.coreknowledge.org.uk

Core Knowledge UK, Civitas 2013

Core Knowledge Sequence UK: All Subjects, All Years

Last updated: 1 August 2013

D. MUSICAL CONNECTIONS Teachers: Introduce children to the following in connection with topics in other disciplines: Gregorian chant

III. SONGS
Any Dream Will Do Auld Lang Syne [Cross-curricular connection with Year 5 British History] Bear Necessities British Grenadiers Heart of Oak [Cross-curricular connection with Year 5 British History] I Wanna Be Like You Loch Lomond [Cross-curricular connection with Year 5 British History] Men Of Harlech My Bonnie Lies Over the Ocean (revise) Skye Boat Song [Cross-curricular connection with Year 5 British History] Waltzing Matilda [Cross-curricular connection with Year 5 Geography - Australia] With a Little Help From My Friend

Core Knowledge UK, Civitas 2013

115 www.coreknowledge.org.uk