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Good luck, I believe in you, you can do it, etc., and please read the questions! 1) Identify the class of compounds that the following molecules belong to (12pts).
R C H O R C R O R C Cl O R C O-R O
R C NH2 O
R O H
R O O R
2) Draw Lewis structures (lone pairs not required) for the following classes of compound. (12pts)
Primary Amine
Alkyl Azide
Ether
Carboxylic Acid
Peroxy Acid
Alkyl Nitrile
Isocyanate
3) Circle a molecule in (1) or (2) with an SP hybridized atom. (1.5pts) 4) Put a cross through a compound in (1) or (2) which is relatively unstable and will decompose just above room temperature (1.5pts).
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5) Identify the general class of each of the below reactions (e.g. oxidation, electrophilic addition, etc) (16pts)
HNO3 (a) O (b) R R OH R CN CH3O (c) F PCC (d) OCH3
-
NO2
HCN
CHO OH R H
H2SO4
(g)
O R O R R Cl
OH
O R OH
(h)
CH3NH2, H+
N-CH3 R R
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PERICYCLIC REACTION
KINETIC PRODUCT
7) Give one use of Molecular Orbital theory, and also state a disadvantage of MO theory. (4pts).
8) State whether each of the following Molecular orbitals are overall bonding, antibonding or nonbonding (4.5pts).
(a)
(b)
(c)
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11) Indicate which of the following molecules are aromatic, non-aromatic or anti-aromatic. (Assume all the molecules are planar). (15pts)
+ O +
CH3 N
P N Mg-Br N
H H N+
12) Pick one of the above aromatic molecules, and use the polygon rule to demonstrate its aromaticity. (8pts)
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13) Give the products in six of the following reactions, paying attention to regio/stereochemistry where applicable. (18pts)
heat NC CN
Br
OH
1) NaOH 2) CH3CH2I
Ph C CH2 Ph
Br2, H2O
KOH
Excess HI O O
CH3 CO, HCl CuCl, AlCl3 NO2 1) Zn, HCl 2) NaNO2, HCl 3) CuCl, HCl CH3 Br2, uv light
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What is the hybridization of the Nitrogen atom (1.5pts) 15) Write the mechanism for the formation of the nitronium ion NO2+ which is the active electrophile in nitration EAS reactions. (8pts)
H O O S O H O H O O N+ O_
NO2+
H2O
HSO4-
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16) Give reagents and conditions to accomplish five of the following transformations. (15pts)
CO2H
CHO
O H
O H
NO2
Br NO2
Cl
O2N CN
O2N
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17) Circle the stronger base in the following pairs, and in a sentence explain your choice. (6pts)
O C H2 C
(a)
F3C N H
CH3
H3C N H
CF3
(b)
NH2
NH2
18) Circle the stronger acid in the following pairs, and in a sentence explain your answer. (12pts)
(a) O H3C C OH CH3CH2 OH
(b)
O HO S OH O
O H C OH
(c)
O Cl3C C OH
O Br3C C OH
CO2H (d) F
CO2H F F
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20) Fill in the blanks for two of the following reactions. (6pts)
NH2 1) excess CH3-Br (a) 2) Ag2O, H2O, heat O excess H3C C Cl
(b)
(c)
1) PhMgBr 2) H3O+
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21) Explain why nucleophilic ring opening of the below epoxide occurs with different regiochemistry in the two examples below. (9pts)
H2SO4, CH3OH
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22) Give the mechanism for two of the below conversions. (16pts)
NH2 (a) NaNO2, HCl + N N Cl-
O (b) Ph Ph
HOCH2CH2OH H2SO4
O Ph
O Ph
(c)
NH2
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*Bonus question* (up to 5 points) Name 5 jobs where a good knowledge of organic chemistry is important.
OR
Besides back side attack, name 5 other amusing organic chemistry phrases.
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