215 Instructor Guide

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com co m
215 Valve Selection and Maintenance

Instructor Guide
www. ww www.training4energy.com w.tr w. trai tr aini ai ini ning ing ng4e g4 4ene 4e nerg ne rgy. rg gy y.co y. com co m
215-01 Introduction to Valves and Their Components

Lesson Overview
Introduction:
Valves are the single most common piece of equipment found in industrial facilities. Although there are many types, shapes, and sizes of valves, they all have the same basic parts. This lesson will describe the major components common to most valves, and will explain the basic types of flow control elements employed in valve design.
Learning Outcome:
When you complete this lesson, you will be able to explain the basic design and function of valves, major valve components, and flow control elements.
Learning Objectives:
Discuss the overall purposes served by valves in a system or process. Explain how valve stem leakage is controlled. Identify the following valve components: Body Bonnet Stem Actuator Packing Seat Disc
215-01 Introduction to Valves and their components

Discussion Questions
1. List and describe the 5 basic parts of a valve. Body - The body is the framework that holds the valve together and is the primary pressure boundary. Bonnet - The bonnet is the cover for the opening in the valve body. Trim - The trim is the collective name for the internals of the valve. Actuator - The valve actuator operates the stem and disc assembly. Packing - Packing prevents leakage from the space between the valves stem and bonnet 2. What purposes does the bonnet serve? 1. To serve as a pressure boundary 2. To contain the components of the valve 3. To allow access to the body and component parts
3.
f this valve. Label the given components of Bonnet Disc Handwheel Seat Stem Disc Bonnet Seat
Handwheel
Stem

4. The valve actuator operates the ______________________. a. b. c. d. 5. bonnet stem and disc assembly valve packing seal rings
List and describe the 4 methods of controlling flow through valves.
1. Move a disc or plug into or against an orifice. 2. Slide a flat, cylindrical or spherical surface against an orifice. 3. Rotate a disc or ellipse about a shaft extending across the diameter of an orifice. 4. Move a flexible material into the flow passage.
6.
Information about the valve that is marked on the outside of the valve is called ______________________. bridge wall markings

Additional Hands On Activities
Activity 1 - Examine various valves throughout your facility and compare the functions and uses of each. Activity 2 - Examine various cutaway or dissectible valves and identify the basic components of each.
Recommended Lab Equipment

Cutaway or dissectible valves
215-02 Valve Actuators

Lesson Overview
Introduction:
As we discussed in this modules initial lesson, an actuator is the component needed to position a valves stem and disc assembly. In some designs, the actuator is supported by the bonnet. In other designs, a yoke mounted to the bonnet supports the actuator. Operation may be based on a manually operated hand-wheel, a manual lever, a motor operator, a solenoid operator, a pneumatic operator, or a hydraulic ram, depending on the type of actuator.
Learning Outcome:
When you complete this lesson, you will be able to discuss the use, selection, and design of various actuators, from simple manual hand-wheels to relatively complex electrical and hydraulic manipulators.
Describe the construction and principle of operation for the following types of valve actuators: Manual Electric motor Pneumatic Hydraulic Solenoid Identify several types of valve position indicators.

1. Identify the secondary wheel on this graphic of a hammer handwheel.
Secondary Wheel
2. Which of the following is NOT an actuator type? a. b. c. d. 3. Solenoid actuator Pneumatic actuator Piston wheel actuator Electrical motor actuator
If air pressure opens the pneumatically operated valve and spring action closes the valve, the pneumatic actuator is termed _________. a. b. c. d. Direct acting. Reverse acting. Dual acting Proportionally controlled
4.
Explain what is used to position the valve when a duplex actuator is used. The differential pressure between one side of a diaphragm and the other side of the diaphragm will position the valve stem.
5.
In single solenoid valves, spring pressure acts ________ the motion of the slug when power is applied to the solenoid. a. With b. Against c. To multiply d. To channel

Activity 1 - Identify a manually actuated valve in your facility. Activity 2 - Identify a pneumatically actuated valve in your facility. Activity 3 - Identify a hydraulically actuated valve in your facility. Activity 4 - Identify an electrically actuated valve in your facility. Activity 5 - Identify a manually actuated valve in your facility. Activity 6 - Identify solenoid actuated valve in your facility. Activity 7- Locate various valve position indicators on valves in your facility. Record the type of indication used

Valves with various kinds of actuators: Manual (rising and non-rising stem, hammer wheel) electric, pneumatic, hydraulic, solenoid.
215-03 Gate Valves

Lesson Overview
Introduction:
Gate valves are relatively simple in design and function. They are used for zero flow and full flow services, as well as for isolation of flow. Normally, gate valves are placed where straight free flow is desired, and where an immediate shutoff of flow may be needed.
Learning Outcome:
When you complete this lesson, you will be able to explain the use, selection, and design of a gate valve. You will also be able to describe how different service conditions affect gate valve configuration.
Describe the operation of a gate valve. Discuss some advantages and disadvantages of a gate valve. List various gate valve disc configurations and identify the conditions under which they are used. Describe different gate valve stem and valve seat designs.
215-03 Gate Valves

1. Describe some advantages of a gate valve. Its disc is completely removed from the flow stream when the valve is fully open. This characteristic offers virtually no resistance to flow when the valve is open. Therefore, there is little pressure drop across an open gate valve. The 360 degree disc-to-seal ring contact surface provides a good seal when the valve is fully closed. Because of the mating of disc to the seal ring, minimum leakage occurs across the disc when the gate valve is closed. Explain what is meant when we say that a gate valve is a linear motion valve. A linear motion valve is a valve which opens and closes in a straight line motion 3. Which of the following is NOT a function of a gate valve? a. b. c. d. 4. Isolation of flow Starting fluid flow Stopping fluid flow Regulating fluid flow
2.
What type of gate valve wedge is illustrated in this picture?
5.
This is a solid wedge design Discuss the difference between a rising stem and a non-rising stem gate valve. A rising stem valve keeps the stem raised out of the flow path when the valve is open, while non-rising stem valves have the gate travel up and down the stem of the valve on the stem threads as the valve is opened and closed. On a rising stem valve you can always tell the position of the valve by looking at the stem position outside the valve.
215-03 Gate Valves

Activity 1 - Identify a gate valve as rising or non-rising stem design Activity 2 - Observe the operation of a rising stem valve Activity 3 - Observe the operation of a non-rising stem valve Activity 4 - Identify the stem, seats, disc, actuator, bonnet, and body of various gate valves Activity 5 - Identify and observe the operation of a solid wedge designed gate valve Activity 6 - Identify and observe the operation of a flexible wedge designed gate valve Activity 7 - Identify and observe the operation of a split wedge designed gate valve Activity 8 - Identify and observe the operation of a parallel disc designed gate valve Activity 9 - Identify a machined seat on a gate valve Activity 10 - Identify a seat ring constructed gate valve

Gate valves with various disc and seat configurations. Cutaways of these valves: Solid, flexible, and split wedge; parallel disc. Rising and non-rising stem gate valves
215-04 Globe Valves

Lesson Overview
Introduction:
Most control valves found in industrial facilities are globe valves. They are primarily used for controlling (throttling) flows in piping systems. The seating surfaces, body designs, and disc arrangements in globe valves differ according to the design and intended application.
Learning Outcome:
When you complete this lesson, you will be able to describe the use, selection, and design of globe valves.
Explain the operation of a globe valve. Describe the three primary body designs. Describe the three basic disc designs used in globe valves. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of these designs. Explain how the disc and stems are attached in globe valves. Describe seating arrangements and direction of flow through globe valves.
215-04 Globe Valves

1. What is the essential principle of operation and advantage behind a globe valves design? The perpendicular movement of the disc toward or away from the seat is the principle of operation. The movement causes the space between the disc and seat ring to gradually close as the valve is closed. This characteristic gives the globe valve the good throttling ability needed to effectively regulate flow. 2. Match the following globe valve body designs to the correct picture. Z-Body, Y-Body, Angle Body
Angle Body Globe 3. 4. 5.
Y-Body Globe Valve
Z-Body Globe Valve
Which type of globe valve disk design provides the best throttling characteristics? The plug disc What type of globe valve stem design has the sic slip on and off of the stem? The T-slot construction design connection Explain the purpose of a backseat in a globe valve. A backseat is a seating arrangement that provides a seal between the stem and bonnet. When the valve is fully open, the disc seats against the backseat. The backseat design prevents system pressure from building against
6.
For low temperature applications, globe valves are ordinarily installed so that flow pressure is ________ the disc. For high temperature steam service, globe valves are installed so that pressure is _______ the disc. a. b. c. d. Above; under Under; above Above; parallel to Parallel to; under
215-04 Globe Valves

Activity 1 - Identify a Z-body globe valve and its component parts (cutaway) Activity 2 - Identify a Y-body globe valve and its component parts (cutaway) Activity 3 - Identify an angle globe valve and its component parts (cutaway) Activity 4 - Disassemble globe valves of T-slot and disc nut construction Activity 5 - Identify ball, composition, and plug disc globe valves

Globe valves and globe valve cutaways of various designs including: Z-body, Y-body and angle designs; ball, composition and plug discs; T- nut and disc nut construction stems; various seat designs
5
Lesson Overview
Introduction:
Learning Outcome:
industrial applications.
215-05 Butterfly Valves

1. Discuss what is mean by a quarter turn valve A quarter turn valve refers to a valve that cam be fully opened or fully closed with a quarter turn of the valves actuator 2. Explain what is mean by a rotary motion valve. A rotary motion valve refers to a valve that opens or closes in a circular motion. 3. Identify the butterfly valves stem, disc, and body in this picture of a disassembled butterfly valve.
Disc
Stem 4.
Body
Discuss the two methods commonly used to secure the disc to the valve stem in a butterfly valve. In one method the disc is bored through and secured to the stem with bolts or pins. The other method involves boring the disc as before, then shaping the upper stem bore to fit a squared or hex-shaped stem. This allows the disc to "float" and seek its center in the seat.
5.
What type of butterfly valve is held in place between two pipe flanges, which are joined by bolts that pass through holes in the valves outer casing? A lug wafer design butterfly valve
215-05 Butterfly Valves

Activity 1 - Demonstrate opening and closing a butterfly valve Activity 2 - Disassemble a butterfly valve and identify the method used to connect the stem to the disc of the valve Activity 3 - Identify the components of a butterfly valve including the disc, seat, body, stem, and actuator Activity 4 - Reassemble a butterfly valve

Various designs of butterfly valves and cutaways of valves: Wafer and lug wafer design; different stem and disk connections; different seating arrangements
215-06 Ball Valves

Lesson Overview
Introduction:
The ball valve, like the butterfly valve, belongs to the family of valves called quarter turn valves. To operate it, you turn a handle attached to a ball inside the valve. The ball has a hole, or port, through the middle. When the port is in line with both ends of the valve, flow occurs. When the hole is perpendicular to the ends of the valve, flow is blocked. Ball valves are excellent for shutoff applications. They dont offer the fine control generally necessary for throttling applications, but are sometimes used for this purpose. Ball valves can be made from materials that can withstand corrosion and caustics. They are minimal in cost and installation; therefore they are dominant in chemical uses with low pressure.
Learning Outcome:
When you complete this lesson, you will be able to explain the use, selection, and design of ball valves found in industrial applications.
Describe the operation of a ball valve. Identify the ball valves advantages and disadvantages. List the four common ball valve port designs. List the four general ball valve body styles. Explain the significance of valve handle positions on a ball valve.
215-06 Ball Valves

1. List some advantages of a ball valve. A ball valve is generally the least expensive type of valve and has low maintenance costs. Ball valves can be turned from completely on to off very quickly, with a quarter turn of the actuator handle. Ball valves are compact, require no lubrication, and give tight sealing with low torque. 2. List some disadvantages of a ball valve. Conventional ball valves have relatively poor throttling characteristics. In a throttling position, the partially exposed seat rapidly erodes because of exposure to flowing fluids. 3. What type of port design does the ball valve pictured here have? a. b. c. d. Full Port Standard port Reduced port V- port
4.
What component of a ball valve is being held in this picture? a. b. c. d. Stem Ball Bonnet cap Seat
215-06 Ball Valves

5. Is the ball valve pictured here open or closed?
It is open because the valve handle is inline with the valve body
215-06 Ball Valves

Activity 1 - Demonstrate opening and closing a ball valve Activity 2 - Disassemble a ball valve. and identify its components including, The stem, body, seats, actuator, and ball Activity 3 - Identify a ball valves components including; the stem, body, seats, actuator, and ball Activity 4 - Reassemble a ball valve Activity 5 - Identify ball valves as full, standard, reduced, or V-port design.

Various types of ball valves and cutaways: Full, standard, reduced, and V-port design; split body, end entry, top entry, and three piece designs
215-07 Check Valves

Lesson Overview
Introduction:
Check valves are designed to prevent the reversal of flow in a piping system. Flow reversal can be controlled by the use of a disc, flapper, or plate rotating into or out of the flowpath of the fluid; an alternative method employs a disc, piston, or ball moving along the axis of the fluids flowpath.
Learning Outcome:
When you complete this lesson, you will be able to explain the use, selection, and design of check valves found in industrial applications.
Discuss the operation of check valves. Describe the construction of each of the following types of check valves: Swing Tilting Disc Lift Piston Butterfly Stop
215-07 Globe Valves

1. Discuss the purpose of check valves. Check valves are used to prevent the backflow of fluids in a piping system 2. Which of the following is NOT a way that check valves can close? a. By fluid backpressure b. A spring c. The weight of the check mechanism d. Solenoid action 3. Why are swing check valves not recommended for applications where there is a frequent reversal of flow? Because the flow reversals will cause the check valves disc to fluctuate rapidly and results in valve chatter. 4. What type of check valve is shown in this picture? a. b. c. d. Lift check valve Stop check valve Piston check valve Tilting disc check valve
5.
What type of check valve is shown in this picture? a. b. c. d. Lift check valve Stop check valve Piston check valve Tilting disc check valve
6.
How should a butterfly valve be correctly installed? A butterfly valve must be installed with the flow entering coming from the hinge post end of the valve
215-07 Check Valves

Activity 1 - Identify various types of check valves based upon their construction Activity 2 - Manually operate the various check valves and note the direction of flow through each type of valve

Swing check valve, tilting disc check valve, lift check valves, piston check valve, butterfly check valve, stop check valve. Cutaways of valves
215-08 Needle Valves

Lesson Overview
Introduction:
A needle valve employs a small orifice and a threaded, needle-like plunger to precisely regulate flow. It offers fine control, but is only capable of handling applications with a relatively small flow.
Learning Outcome:
When you complete this lesson, you will be able to use appropriate terms to explain centrifugal pump operation.When you complete this lesson, you will be able to describe the use, selection, and design of a needle valve.
Explain the operation of a needle valve. Describe the construction of a needle valve. Describe a needle valves body design and discuss how it contributes to its function.

1. Identify the needle point on the end of the valve stem in this cutaway picture of a needle valve.
Needle Point
2.
Describe the construction of a needle valve. A needle valve has a relatively small orifice with a long, tapered, conical seat. A needle-shaped plunger, on the end of a screw, exactly fits this seat. As the screw is turned and the plunger retracted, flow between the seat and the plunger is possible; however, until the plunger is completely retracted the fluid flow is significantly impeded. Since it takes many turns of the fine-threaded screw to retract the plunger, precise regulation of the flow rate is possible.
3.
Discuss some applications for needle valves. Metering, precision components, automatic combustion controls, reducing valves, pump governors.

Activity 1 - Identify the plunger and seat on a needle valve Activity 2 - Manually operate a needle valve. Observe the plunger moving in and out of the orifice and seating.

Various needle valve; cutaways of needle valves
215-09 Plug Valves

Lesson Overview
Introduction:
Because of its simplicity and compact design, the plug valve is commonly used in industrial facilities. It is easy to operate, offers positive closure, and can be used for automatic control. The plug valve functions under a wide range of temperatures and pressures. It can safely and efficiently handle gas and liquid fuel, boiler feedwater, condensate, and many other fluids.
Learning Outcome:
When you complete this lesson, you will be able to describe the use, selection, and design of plug valves commonly found in industrial settings.
Describe the operation of a plug valve and identify its advantages. List the types of plug valve port designs available. Identify the advantages and disadvantages of multi-port plug valves. Discuss the use of lubricated and non-lubricated plug valve design. Explain proper care of a plug valve gland.
215-09 Plug Valves

1. Identify the valve plug in this picture.
Valve Plug
2.
What is the difference between a full port plug and a standard port plug? If a round port plug is the same size or larger than the pipe's inside diameter, it is referred to as a full port plug. If the opening is smaller than the pipe's inside diameter, the port is referred to as a standard round port.
3.
What type of valve port is preferred if the plug valve is to be used for throttling service? a. b. c. d. Round port Diamond port Rectangular port Square port
4.
Explain what is meant by a multi port plug valve. A valve design that can divert the flow to different flow paths through the valve. This enables the flow to be diverted from one line to another.
5.
Describe the difference between lubricated and non-lubricated plug valves A lubricated plug valve uses grease on the plug to lubricate the plug and seal the gap between the valves plug and its body to eliminate leakage. A non-lubricated plug valve uses an elastomer sleeve surrounding the plug or lifting mechanism to help move the plug.
215-09 Plug Valves

Activity 1 - Identify the components of a plug valve Activity 2 - Manually operate a lubricated plug valve Activity 3 - Manually operate a lift-type plug valve Activity 4 - Manually operate a sleeve type plug valve Activity 5 - Manually operate a multiport plug valve

Various types of plug valves and plug valve cutaways. Round, diamond, rectangular, and multi-port plug valves. Lubricated and non-lubricated plug valves
215-10 Diaphragm Valves

Lesson Overview
Introduction:
A diaphragm valve has disc and seating surfaces made of flexible materials. Diaphragm valves are used in many industrial applications, but are particularly suited for systems carrying chemicals, harmful gasses, and corrosive materials.
Learning Outcome:
When you complete this lesson, you will be able to describe the use, selection, and design of the two basic types of diaphragm valves.
Discuss the operation of a diaphragm valve. Describe the construction of the diaphragm. Explain the use of different types of diaphragm valve stem assemblies. Describe the diaphragm valves bonnet assembly.

1. Identify the diaphragm and the weir in this cutaway of a diaphragm valve.
Weir
Diaphragm
2.
What protects the operating mechanism of a diaphragm valve from damage due to contact with process fluids?
The diaphragm itself seals the operating mechanism from the process fluid. The fluid is below the diaphragm and the operating mechanism is contained above the diaphragm.
3. Explain how the valve stem on a diaphragm valve raises and lowers the compressor, when the stem itself doesnt rotate. The hand-wheel rotates a stem bushing that engages the stem threads and moves the stem up and down. As the stem moves, so does the compressor that is pinned to the stem. The diaphragm, in turn, is secured to the compressor. 4. Which of the following operators (actuators) is not commonly found on a diaphragm valve? a. b. c. d. Chain wheel Lever Hydraulic Solenoid

Activity 1 - Identify the weir and operator on a weir type diaphragm valve. Manually operate valve Activity 2 - Identify the contoured bottom and operator on a straight through diaphragm valve. Manually operate valve. Activity 3 - Operate an indicating and non- indicating diaphragm valve. Activity 4 - Observe the replacement of the diaphragm on a diaphragm valve. Activity 5 - Demonstrate the replacement of a diaphragm on a diaphragm valve. Activity 6 - Locate and identify diaphragm valves in your facility

Weir type and straight through type diaphragm valves. Indicating and non indicating type diaphragm valves. Valve cutaways
215-11 Pinch Valves

Lesson Overview
Introduction:
Pinch valves are used in many industrial applications where the corrosiveness of the fluid being handled, or the amount of solids present in the fluid flow, will prevent other valve types from working properly. Pinch valves allow the operating mechanism of the valve to be isolated from the process fluid.
Learning Outcome:
When you complete this lesson you will be able to describe the use, selection, and design of pinch valves.
Discuss the operation of pinch valves. Explain how the pinch valves construction facilitates its function. Identify applications where pinch valves operate most effectively.
215-11 Pinch Valves

1. Identify the pinching mechanism and the sleeve in this cutaway picture of a pinch valve.
Pinching Mechanism Sleeve
2.
Most pinch valves are supplied with the sleeve (valve body) _________. a. b. c. d. Exposed Collapsed Inflated Removed
3.
Explain how a pinch valve can be operated hydraulically or pneumatically. The valve can be operated by manipulating the pressure of a liquid or gas within the metal case to force the sleeve walls together
4.
What tends to happen to exposed sleeve valve in vacuum applications? They tend to collapse when vacuum is applied
5.
Explain how the operating mechanism of a pinch valve is kept out of contact with the fluid flowing through the valve. The operating mechanism is completely isolated because the fluid flowing through the valve is contained entirely with in the flexible sleeve. The actuator and pinching mechanism works on the outside of this sleeve.
215-11 Pinch Valves

Activity 1 - Identify the pinching device, actuator, and sleeve on a pinch valve Activity 2 - Manually operate a pinch valve Activity 3 - Locate pinch valves installed in your facility

Various types of pinch valves; exposed sleeve and metallic sleeve; hand actuated, pneumatically and hydraulically actuated; cutaways of pinch valves
215-12 Safety and Relief Valves

Lesson Overview
Introduction:
Valves can be used as safety devices to relieve excess pressures in process piping and equipment. Two types of specialized valves which serve this purpose are safety valves and relief valves.
Learning Outcome:
When you complete this lesson you will be able to describe the use, selection, and design of safety valves and relief valves.
Describe the major difference between safety valves and relief valves. Explain the principle of operation behind a safety valve. Explain the principle of operation behind a relief valve. Describe the use of a pilot operated relief valve. Explain the principle of operation behind a pilot operated safety valve.

1. Explain the major difference in usage between safety valves and relief valves. The major difference is that safety valves are used on gas systems, while relief valves are used on liquid systems. 2. Match the following globe valve body designs to the correct picture. a. b. c. d. 3. Pop open rapidly Gradually open Chatter Not open
Which type of globe valve disk design provides the best throttling characteristics? a. b. c. d. Pop open rapidly Gradually open Chatter Not open
4.
Explain the reason why a safety valve must be designed differently than a relief valve. Because a safety valve relieves gas pressures and a relief valve relieves liquid pressures. The safety valve must be designed larger and to relieve larger quantities of gas, because a pressurized gas will expand a great deal in volume when that pressure is reduced upon release. A small amount of liquid relieved from a relief valve will quickly reduce system pressure.
5.
What mechanism is used in safety valves to achieve the quick popping of the valve? The design of the disc. It is designed so that as the disc lifts a larger area of the disc comes into contact with the escaping gas, and thus this gas exerts its force on a larger area of the disc and quickly causes it to pop open.

6. What distinguishes a conventional safety valve from a pilot operated safety valve? a. b. c. d. 7. Pilot valves use a spring to hold the disc on its seat Pilot valves use counterweights to hold the disc on its seat Pilot valves use compressed air to hold the disc on its seat Pilot valves use system pressure to hold the disc on its seat
Label the dome area on this picture of a pilot operated safety valve.
Dome
8.
What typically operates a pilot operated relief valve? a. b. c. d. A spring A pneumatic latch A solenoid A bellows

Activity 1 - Locate safety and relief valves in your facility and identify as safety or relief valves Activity 2 - Manually operate a relief valve Activity 3 - Manually operate a safety valve Activity 4 - Identify the components of a conventional safety valve: Inlet; outlet; spring; huddling chamber; disc; adjusting nut Activity 5 - Identify the components of a conventional relief valve: Inlet; outlet; spring; disc; adjusting nut Activity 6 - Identify the components of a pilot operated safety valve: Inlet; outlet; pilot tube; piston; seat; dome; control pilot; spring Activity 7 - Identify the components of a pilot operated relief valve; Inlet; outlet; disc; seat; pilot tube; pilot valve

Safety valves; relief valves; pilot operated safety valves; pilot operated relief valves; cutaways of these valves
215-13 Solenoid Valves

Lesson Overview
Introduction:
Solenoid valves are electro-mechanical devices that employ a solenoid to control a valves opening and closing motion. Solenoid valves are used to control fluid flows in pneumatic and hydraulic systems. A solenoid valve is typically either all the way open or all the way closed, so it is not usually used for modulating control.
Learning Outcome:
When you complete this lesson, you will be able to describe the overall design and function of various solenoid valves.
Explain the basic principle behind the operation of a solenoid. Identify the components of a solenoid valve. Describe solenoid valve operation. Compare tape-wrapped and encapsulated coil designs. Define the terms normally open and normally closed as they relate to solenoid valves. Explain the difference between two-way and three-way solenoid valves.

1. Identify the plunger, the coil, and the seat in this cutaway of a solenoid valve. Coil Plunger
Seat
2.
3.
Discuss the basic operation of a solenoid valve. A solenoid consists of a wire coil and a moveable iron core, called a plunger. The plunger moves into and out of the coil. When the coil is energized with electrical current, a magnetic field is created. This field acts on the plunger; as a result, the plunger is pulled into the magnetic field of the coil. In a solenoid valve, the valves plug is held in place by a spring. When electric current energizes the solenoid, the current drawn through the solenoids coil generates an electromagnetic force. This force, in turn, opposes the spring, causing the valve plug to move. When the current is removed from the coil, the spring in the valve returns the plug to its normal position. Explain what is meant when it is stated that a solenoid valve is NC? A solenoid valve is said to be normally closed (NC) when it does not allow fluid to pass through it in its resting position (when no current is energizing the coil).
4.
The coils in solenoid valve usually are ___________ or _________ coils. a. b. c. d. Tape wrapped; glued Molded; tape wrapped Glued; molded Soldered; molded
5.
Explain the difference between a two-way and a three-way solenoid valve. Two-way solenoid valves have two ports, one inlet and one outlet. They have only one orifice for controlling fluid flow through the valve. Three-way solenoid valves have three ports; one inlet, one outlet, and one exhaust port. A threeway valve has two orifices for directing flow through the valve.

Activity 1 - Identify the major components of a tape wrapped coil type solenoid valve Activity 2 - Identify the major components of a encapsulated coil solenoid valve Activity 3 - Dissect and reassemble a solenoid valve. Activity 4 - Identify the type of power supplied to solenoid valves in your facility

Two-way and three way solenoid valves. Solenoid valve cutaways or dissectible models. Tape wrapped and molded solenoid coils.
215-14 Valve Positioners

Lesson Overview
Introduction:
A valve positioner is a type of relay that can be used between the valves controller output and the valve diaphragm. The positioner increases or decreases the signal operating the valve actuator, helping the valves final control element more accurately reach the desired position.
Learning Outcome:
When you complete this lesson, you will be able to describe the basic design and function of common types of valve positioners used in industrial facilities.
Identify common tasks that might prompt the use of valve positioners. Describe various types of positioners. Compare basic operation of the three categories of digital positioners. Explain how a pneumatic positioner works. Describe the operation of an electro-pneumatic positioner.

1. Explain the need for valve positioners. The use of a valve positioner should be considered when you need to: Speed up valve response; a positioner can use higher pressure and greater air flow to adjust the valve position more quickly. More accurately position the valve. Increase the pressure that a particular actuator and valve can close against. 2. Which of the following is NOT a type of valve positioner? a. b. c. d. 3. Pneumatic Electronic Digital Hydraulic Prevent friction in the valve (especially the packing) that would cause unacceptable hysteresis. Make a non-linear actuator perform linearly. Prevent varying differential pressures within the fluid from varying the plug position.
What type of digital positioner is capable of two way digital communication over the same wires used for the analog signal? a. b. c. d. Digital non-communicating HART Fieldbus PERT
4.
From where does the valve positioner receive its input signal? It receives the signal from the controller (the controller output)
5.
What type of valve positioner is shown in this picture? a. b. c. d. Pneumatic Electro-pneumatic Digital Electronic

Activity 1 - Identify location and type of valve positioners used in your facility Activity 2 - Determine the input and output signals to a valve positioner Activity 3 - Observe the action of a valve positioner at different controller output signals
Recommended Lab Equipment:

Control loop trainer with positioner; pneumatic, electro-pneumatic, electronic, and digital positioners

215 Instructor Guide

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www. ww www.training4energy.com w.tr w. trai tr aini ai ini ning ing g4 4ene 4e ne erg rgy. gy y.co y.

215 Valve Selection and Maintenance

215-01 Introduction to Valves and Their Components

215-01 Introduction to Valves and their components

215-01 Introduction to Valves and Their Components

List and describe the 4 methods of controlling flow through valves.

215-01 Introduction to Valves and Their Components

Recommended Lab Equipment

215-02 Valve Actuators

215-02 Valve Actuators

215-02 Valve Actuators

Recommended Lab Equipment

215-03 Gate Valves

215-03 Gate Valves

What type of gate valve wedge is illustrated in this picture?

215-03 Gate Valves

Recommended Lab Equipment

215-04 Globe Valves

215-04 Globe Valves

Angle Body Globe 3. 4. 5.

Y-Body Globe Valve

Z-Body Globe Valve

215-04 Globe Valves

Recommended Lab Equipment

215-05 Butterfly Valves

215-05 Butterfly Valves

Recommended Lab Equipment

215-06 Ball Valves

215-06 Ball Valves

215-06 Ball Valves

215-06 Ball Valves

Recommended Lab Equipment

215-07 Check Valves

215-07 Globe Valves

215-07 Check Valves

Recommended Lab Equipment

215-08 Needle Valves

215-08 Needle Valves

215-08 Needle Valves

Recommended Lab Equipment

215-09 Plug Valves

215-09 Plug Valves

215-09 Plug Valves

Recommended Lab Equipment

215-10 Diaphragm Valves

215-10 Diaphragm Valves

215-10 Diaphragm Valves

Recommended Lab Equipment

215-11 Pinch Valves

215-11 Pinch Valves

Pinching Mechanism Sleeve

215-11 Pinch Valves

Recommended Lab Equipment

215-12 Safety and Relief Valves

215-12 Safety and Relief Valves

215-12 Safety and Relief Valves

215-12 Safety and Relief Valves

Recommended Lab Equipment

215-13 Solenoid Valves

215-13 Solenoid Valves

215-13 Solenoid Valves

Recommended Lab Equipment

215-14 Valve Positioners