Carlos Martinez CI:18383494

Fluidos de Completacin
Completion fluids are a big part of what makes up an oil or gas well; in fact, just as the name suggests, a completion fluid is a solid-free liquid substance that completes the well. It is placed inside to begin facilitating the final operation of the well just before production begins. The production process often begins with shooting perforations into the oil or gas producing zone or setting production lines, packets or downhole valves. The completion fluids must be in place before these processes can begin. The purpose of completion fluids is to control the oil or gas well in the even that the downhole hardware fails, so that formation or completion parts are not damaged. It is important to note that the ever-important production zones are the very reason you decided on a drill location. Because of that, the zones need the right care, which can be provided by a good completion fluid. There are several types of completion fluids, which include: Air and water: This combines water and compressed air, which is pumped into the boreholes or down into the drill string to provide an increased amount of cooling. This is also used as a means to control the amount of dust. Mud: This is a combination of water mixed with clay, polymers or other additives. Specialty drilling fluids: This is essentially a synthetic fluid that provides specific formation for specific drilling issues. In most instances, completion fluids are generally brines (which are chlorides, formats or bromides). However, in theory, a completion fluid could be any fluid with the right density and flow. No matter what, it should be chemically compatible with the reservoir formation of the well as well as the other fluids. It is usually filtered stringently to be sure that no solids are introduced through the completion fluid to the well. In some instances, companies will customize their completion fluids based on their customer's gas or well drilling needs. The selection of the fluid is usually based on a variety of factors, including the perceived impact on the environment, the density needed and the crystallization temperature. The purpose of customization directly corresponds to the needs of each customer, as they may be different, depending on where they are drilling. Depending on the producing zone, different customers may need varying degrees of viscosity, corrosion inhibition and other variables that range from zone to zone. Overall, completion fluids improve the productivity of the gas or oil well as it helps to reduce any damage to the structure in the producing zone. Additionally, completion fluids assist in the process of repairing and cleaning out the well bore during the final completion phase. This best serves the purpose of utilizing the completion fluids during the drilling process.

http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/727051/completion_fluids.html?cat=15

Los fluidos de completacin permiten mantener las condiciones apropiadas para colocar la completacin de modo eficiente y seguro, esto evita causar dao a la formacin productora. La productividad de un pozo y su futura vida productiva es afectada por el tipo de fluidos y los trabajos efectuados durante la misma. La seleccin del fluido de completacin tiene como principal objetivo obtener la mxima produccin en la forma ms eficiente y, por lo tanto, deben estudiarse cuidadosamente los factores que determinan dicha seleccin. http://www.serviciosgdp.com/cursos/ver/229 A solids-free liquid used to "complete" an oil or gas well. This fluid is placed in the well to facilitate final operations prior to initiation of production, such as setting screens production liners, packers, downhole valves or shooting perforations into the producing zone. The fluid is meant to control a well should downhole hardware fail, without damaging the producing formation or completion components. Completion fluids are typically brines (chlorides, bromides and formates), but in theory could be any fluid of proper density and flow characteristics. The fluid should be chemically compatible with the reservoir formation and fluids, and is typically filtered to a high degree to avoid introducing solids to the nearwellbore area. Seldom is a regular drilling mud suitable for completion operations due to its solids content, pH and ionic composition. Drill-in fluids can, in some cases, be suitable for both purposes. Formation Damage: Alteration of the far-field or virgin characteristics of a producing formation, usually by exposure to drilling fluids. The water or solid particles in the drilling fluids, or both, tend to decrease the pore volume and effective permeability of the producible formation in the near-wellbore region. At least two mechanisms are at work. First, solid particles from the drilling fluid physically plug or bridge across flowpaths in the porous formation. Second, when water contacts certain clay minerals in the formation, the clay typically swells, increasing in volume and decreasing the pore volume. Third, chemical reactions between the drilling fluid and the formation rock and fluids can precipitate solids or semisolids that plug pore spaces. One approach to minimize formation damage is to use drill-in or completion fluids that are specially formulated to avoid damage to the formation when drilling pay zones, rather than ordinary drilling fluids. Damage to the reservoir can result in the decrease of oil production and the lifetime of the producing well.Dirt particles in completion fluids cause permanent permeability damage by blocking and causing a variety of problems, which results in a significant reduction of the oil production and the lifetime of the producing well. Clean Completion Fluids can only be achieved by using the correct filtration equipments and consumables. The two most predominant methods of filtration used in the oil field for completion fluids are the catridge filtration and the filter press filtration. These two methods have been accepted as viable processes for filtration of completion fluids with the latter method becoming more accepted of recent. Trepole Well Services has equipments that can carry out any of the above two methods of filtration. completion fluids (brines) such as chlorides, bromides, formates. Completion Fluids are the liquids that come in contact with the reservoir once the drilling phase has been completed. These fluids are designed to minimize formation damage and to control the formation pressures of the reservoir. Completion fluids are usually prepared with soluble salts for weighting purposes, but also have been designed with acid soluble weighting materials or micronized particles. These fluids are blended to

certain specifications to take into consideration densities, TCT (freeze points), PCT (pressure/temperature freeze points) and clarity. http://www.miswaco.com/Products_and_Services/Wellbore_Productivity/Completion_Fluid_Systems/Co mpletion%20Fluid%20Systems%20Overview.cfm