Name: __________________________ Grade _______________ Science Organs, the body tissues fight and Immune

and cells that help illnesses the

diseases make up System. Diseases are caused by bacteria and viruses which enter the in large numbers and give off poisons that upset the normal functions of the body. destroy the cell. Some bacteria release poisons that injure and kill the cells in our bodies. Viruses reproduce inside cells and Not all illnesses are caused by infection. Some people are born with certain illnesses. Some of these include certain forms of heart disease. White blood cells are the main defenders of the body. When the body is infected (overrun by bacteria and viruses), the number of white blood cells increases. Some white blood cells trap bacteria. When this happens, poisons from the bacteria kill some of the white blood cells. The dead blood cells form a yellow material called pus. Some white bloods cells make chemicals called antibodies. These chemicals destroy poisons made by bacteria also. HIV and AIDS are diseases that destroy the Immune System. When Bacteria and viruses produce more than our systems can fight off, we use medicines to help us fight the disease. Medicines help the Immune System to fight diseases. A medicine is a drug-a chemical taken into the body the affects how the body
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functions. Not all drugs are medicines. The misuse of drugs is called drug abuse. The abuse of drugs harms the body. Two drugs that are abused all over the world are alcohol and nicotine. Alcohol decreases brain cell activity. Nicotine is found in tobacco. Cigarettes, cigars and snuff are made from tobacco. increases the rate of the respiratory system. The use of illegal drugs is increasing among young people in The Bahamas and the western world; two illegal drugs that are used very frequently by young people are Cocaine and Marijuana. These are two very dangerous drugs. They affect the Immune System and the Nervous System. They destroy brain cells and Nicotine is harmful because it and it affects the heartbeat

reduce the bodys ability to fight off diseases. Abuse of these drugs can weaken the bodys defense systems so severely that an attack from and illness or disease may lead to death. *************************************************************** ADDITIONAL NOTES To be immune (say: ih-myoon) means to be protected. So it makes sense that the body system that helps fight off sickness is called the immune system. The immune system is made up of a network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body. White blood cells, also called leukocytes (say: loo-kuh-sytes), are part of this defense system. There are two basic types of these germfighting cells: phagocytes (say: fah-guh-sytes), which chew up invading germs
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lymphocytes (say: lim-fuh-sytes), which allow the body to remember and recognize previous invaders

Leukocytes are found in lots of places, including your spleen, an organ in your belly that filters blood and helps fight infections. Leukocytes also can be found in bone marrow, which is a thick, spongy jelly inside your bones. Your lymphatic (say: lim-fah-tik) system is home to these germfighting cells, too. You've encountered your lymphatic system if you've ever had swollen "glands" on the sides of your neck, like when you have a sore throat. Although we call them "glands," they are actually lymph nodes (say: limf nohdz), and they contain clusters of immune system cells. Normally, lymph nodes are small and round and you don't notice them. But when they're swollen, it means your immune system is at work. Lymph nodes work like filters to remove germs that could hurt you. Lymph nodes, and the tiny channels that connect them to each other, contain lymph, a clear fluid with leukocytes (white blood cells) in it. Beside your neck, where else do you have lymph nodes? Behind your knees, in your armpits, and in your groin just to name a few. So you have this great system in place. Is it enough to keep you from getting sick? Well, everyone gets sick sometimes. But your immune system helps you get well again. And if you've had your shots, your body is extra-prepared to fight off serious illnesses that your immune system alone might not handle very well. If you get the shot that covers measles, for instance, it can protect you from getting measles, if you're ever exposed to it. Immune System Problems Sometimes a person has a problem with his or her immune system. Allergies are one kind of problem the immune system
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overreacts and treats something harmless, like peanuts, as something really dangerous to the body. With certain medical conditions, such as lupus or juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, instead of fighting germs, the immune system fights the good cells and this can cause problems. Other immune system problems may develop due to an illness like HIV/AIDS or cancer. You can't prevent most immune system disorders. But if they happen, they can be treated with medicine and in other ways to help the person feel good and be healthy again. If you have an immune system problem, your doctor can help teach you ways to take care of yourself so you stay strong and are able to fight off illness. Immunologists (say: ihmyoon-all-oh-jists) are doctors who specialize in immune system problems. Healthy kids can help their immune systems by washing their hands regularly to prevent infections, eating nutritious foods, getting plenty of exercise, and getting regular medical checkups. And if you feel great today, thank your immune system!

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http://www.nobelprize.org/educational/medicine/immunity/game/index.html

Your school had a guest speaker from The Department of Social Services. She spoke to the school about drug abuse. Based on what was said answer the following questions. Drug abuse can be defined as :- 2 marks ______________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ It was said that two illegal drugs that are used by young people in the Bahamas are:- cocaine and marijuana. Identify two body systems which the use of these drugs can affect : _______________________ & ___________________________ 2 marks Outline one way that these drugs can affect our body. 2 marks ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ Which disease is caused by a virus? AIDS athletes foot food poisoning ring worm

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Many people (not just kids, but adults, too) don't really understand how HIV and AIDS are related, even though they hear these two words used together all the time. HIV stands for human immunodeficiency (say: ih-myoo-nuh-dih-fih-shun-see) virus. AIDS stands for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. HIV is actually the virus that causes the disease AIDS. HIV Hurts the Immune System People who are HIV positive have been tested and found to have signs of the human immunodeficiency virus in their blood. HIV destroys part of the immune (say: ih-myoon) system. Specifically, it affects a type of white blood cell called the T lymphocyte (say: lim-fuh-site), or T cell. T cells are one type of "fighter" cell in the blood that help the body fight off all kinds of germs and diseases. After HIV enters the body, it piggybacks onto a T cell and works its way inside of that cell. Once inside, the virus completely takes over the T cell and uses it as a virus-making factory to make a lot of copies of itself. The newly made viruses then leave the T cell and go on to infect and destroy other healthy T cells as they continue to multiply inside the body. After the virus invades the T cells, they can no longer properly fight infections. Someone who is infected with the virus is called HIV positive. But it may take years for the virus to damage enough T cells for that person to get sick and develop AIDS. And thanks to new medications, someone infected with HIV can stay relatively healthy and symptom-free for many years. But these medications are very expensive and not available to everyone in the world. Although the HIV-positive person may feel fine, the virus is silently reproducing itself and destroying T cells. And during this time, the person is still contagious (say: kon-tay-jus), which means he or she is able to give the disease to others. When the person's immune system has weakened and more of the blood's T cells have been destroyed by the virus, the person can no longer fight off infections. This is when he or she gets very sick. A doctor diagnoses a person with AIDS when the person has a very low number of T cells and shows signs of a serious infection.
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How Many People Have HIV and AIDS?

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