IMK-14 Research & Developement 18(2012)2, EN33 - 36 UDK 621, ISSN 0354-6829

Design of New Structures of Vibro-Shocking Building Machines by Internal Characteristics of Oscillating System
1

Ivan Ivanovich Nazarenko1, *, A.T. Sviderskiy1, O.P. Dedov1 National University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Kiev

One of the methods to increase the efficiency and to decrease the energy consumption and the quantity of installed vibro-machine material is to apply a systematic approach when introducing new structural design based on analyzing common motion of the machine and machining surroundings. The approach involves internal characteristics of the subsystem along with sub resonant, super resonant and resonant operating regimes. The paper shows theoretical basis for production of vibrator of volumetric action with high performances of energy and material efficiency for various conditions for making the concrete and products made of concrete, by means of creation and control of the changes into internal properties (elastic, inertial and dissipative) of the system machinesurroundings in the regime which is similar to the regime of free oscillations. The theory of interaction between operating members of vibrator and machining surroundings is suggested. The interaction is based on the estimation of stress state in the contacting zone. Thus the influence of machining surroundings on dynamics of operating machine elements can be determined. The methods suggested to manufacture the vibrator of volumetric action have high efficiency indicators related to energy and material consumption. Keywords: vibration systems, vibro-bending, discrete continuum model, contacting force, higher harmonics, efficiency of vibrating machines

Vibrating building machines are applied for different technological processes. The most prominent machines are the ones used for compression of building mixtures when making concrete and reinforced concrete, and for tamping the ground when building the roads. The main purpose of vibrating machines is to precisely provide defined technological parameters influencing the amplitude and frequency of oscillation. Therefore, process engineers efforts are directed to establishing the change of boundaries of these parameters while design engineers efforts are directed to developing the calculation method. The authors of the paper suggest that efficiency of machines should be increased by means of new ideas, such as developing and producing the machines which oscillate along with the centre of gravity according to previously defined regime. This regime efficiently enables the application of internal oscillating characteristics of machines and operating surroundings as a unique vibrating system. In order to realize the idea the chief result involves the application of the mathematical models for machines and operating surroundings which reflect the real process and also contain exactly the properties which can be controlled. Such a model is discrete continuum model (analysed in [1,2]) in which the machine is presented as discrete, while the operating material is presented as

continuous quantity. According to the theory oscillations [3] the motion of dynamic systems consists of free and forced oscillations with estimated proportion of influence of elastic inertial characteristics and dissipative characteristics. If this phenomenon is regarded as the most crucial one, it is necessary to make the interaction between the machine and operating surroundings. The interaction reflects the above mentioned properties, which enables the proper control. Thus the surroundings included in the equation of motion of operating element of vibrator involve the contacting forces (fig. 1) which are called the reactions of the surroundings [1]. The equation of motion is:
u (z, t) *(z, t) u (z, t) = z E* (z, t) t

(1)

where u (z, t) is longitudinal motion of surface of the column of the surroundings being machined during oscillations. The motion depends on the position of section (coordinate Z ) and on the time t ; *(z, t) - density of the surroundings;

E * (z , t ) - complex elastic modulus

*Corr. Author's Address: National University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Kiev, Ukraine, i_nazar@i.ua

IMK-14 Research&Developement

X ( 0,t) Z ( z,t)

c m h(t)

F (t)
dZ Z h

R( h,t)

X ( h,t)

X 2( 0,t)
m2 c1 c m1 c1 b1 b

F 2(t)
b1

R( 0,t) F 1(t) X ( 0,t)

X 1( 0,t)

Fig. 1. Calculation model: a) general model; b) reduced model The law of surroundings deformation when loaded is:
= E * = (E + iE )

To obtain the relation (6) the following equation is used:

(2)

( n + i n )2 = n

where E , E are the elements of complex modulus of elasticity; i - imaginary unit, which implies the motion 2 between E and E ; - deformation of a part of surroundings. If the general law of force action is adopted:

[c (1 + i )]
2

(7)

where c (5, 7) represents the speed of wave propagation in the column of the surroundings being machined. In the case of indefinite surroundings in z direction, U 2n tends to zero, so the function (4) transforms into the following form:

F (t ) =
where

n =

Fn e

int

(3)
/ 2

U ( z; t ) =

n =

U1n e k n z eint

(8)

= 2 / T ; n = 1; 2; Fn = Fn* = F ()e int d ,

/ 2

Reactions of the surroundings to oscillations of operating element are obtained by solving the problem according to boundary conditions (fig. 1):
R(0, t ) = m2 + xn th[h( n + i n )] 2 int n e h n= ( n + i n )

then the solution of the equation, in compliance with Fourier's method, can be represented as the following function:

(9)

U ( z, t ) =

n =

(U1ne

kn z

+ U 2 n e k n z eint

(4)

where:

a1n =

The motion U is obtained by multiplying two functions; one of them depends on the argument
z ( z ) = U1e nkn z U 2e nkn z ,

2 h 2 n + n [ch 2 n h + cos 2 n h ]

n sh2 n h + n sin 2 n h

(10)

whereas

the

other

one

d1n =

depends only on the argument Tn (t ) = e int . U1n and constants included in the function (4) are determined from complex number, boundary conditions, kn k n = ( n + i n ) , where n , n - coefficients, obtained
n c 1 + 2 1 21+ n c 1 + 2 +1 2 1 + 2

n sin 2 n h n sh 2 n h 2 h + n [ch2 n h + cos 2 n h]

2 n

(11)

Expression (9) transforms into the form:

2 R(0, t ) = m x12 a1 + d12

(12)

when function (4) is put into equation (1):

n =

; n =

(5)

i.e. if compared to the vibrations of vibro-machine having the amplitude x0 , the reaction of the surroundings is the oscillation having the following amplitude:
2 R m 2 1 a1 + d12

When transformation (5) is done, the complex modulus of elasticity is regarded as:
E * = E (1 + i )

For n = 1; 2;...; the modulus of reaction is:

R(0, t ) = xn eint n 2 2 mc (an + id n ).
n = +

(6)

(13)

where E - expression for modulus; - coefficient of losses.

Nazarenko I.I. - Sviderski A.T. - Dedov O.P.

IMK-14 Research&Developement

Each spectral component of the vibration of vibro-machine gets its own supplement
xn xn n 2 mc 3 (a n + id n ) . Generally speaking, the reaction considering the phase change is:
R(0, t ) = xn mc n
n = + 2 2 2 an 2 + dn

dependence between shock time and oscillation period. 3. Realization of technological feasibility of acceleration asymmetry. This principle provides the acceleration which is important for asymmetry of operating element of vibro-shocking system. Synchronous formation of polyphase auto oscillatory regimes. These regimes are realized by applied shocks in phases or by applied dynamic systems with independent blockade of oscillating shocker. Implementation of dynamic control of the system, based on the application of internal characteristics of the system, is provided by hydraulic actuator for vibro-shocking frog (fig. 3).

d iarctg n an

eint

(14) 4.

Dependence (14) is represented within common motion with operating elements through two wave coefficients; one coefficient ( a ) identifies elastic and inertial characteristics of operating surroundings, while the other characteristics ( d ) identifies the dissipative characteristics. Hence, if the machine parameters are chosen in such a manner that reactive and active components of machine resistance are compatible with active and reactive components of operating surroundings, then a new generation of machines may be developed. The essence of this perspective can be formulated in terms of suggested principles which result in: 1. Characteristics and parameters presenting the machine and operating surroundings are modelled by equations of motion of one oscillating system having the dynamic properties. This principle ensures the motion of the machines for vibro-compression in previously defined operating regime. Maximum energy concentration of operating element for calculating higher harmonics. Technological energy efficiency of higher harmonics is obtained by defined application of shocks and vibrations (fig. 2), which is done by additional oscillation boundaries and appropriate rigidities, and by selection of rational

5.

Conlusions
The analytical model suggested to identify the influences of operating surroundings on dynamics of operating elements of vibro-shocking machines is based on the analysis of stress state in the contacting zone of surroundings. The principles are formed to produce the new vibrator with highly efficient performances of operating process. The theory analysed in the paper enables creation of the machines which operate under sub resonant, super resonant and resonant operating regimes. These machines contribute to the evaluation of higher harmonics thus intensifying the operating process itself. These machines have low energy consumption, low material consumption and improved performances.

2.

x2

3
x2 c1

m3 c m2 x2 c1 m1 c
F(t)

2 4 5 6 ) 7 8

Fig. 2. Vibro-shocking plate: a) constructive scheme; b) calculating scheme 1 frame, 2 shocker, 3 mixture, 4 vibro-isolating absorbers, 5 buffer, 6 extra buffer, 7 vibrator.

Design of new structures of vibro-shocking building machines by internal characteristics of oscillating system

IMK-14 Research&Developement

P.

7 1 5 6
c b m3 c2 b2 F gid m2 c1 c b b1 c b m1 F m

P.
2 4 3

Fig. 3. Hydraulic vibro-shocking frog: a) constructive scheme; b) calculating scheme 1 housing, 2 shocker, 3 contacting plate, 4 buffer, 5 hydraulic vibrator, 6 elastic elements, 7 mounting device.

Literature:
1. .. (2- ) / .. .: . 2010. 440 . 2. .. / .. .:, 2007. 203 . 3. . -. . . IV ../ . -. .: , 1960. 193.

4. .. // , 2004. 13 . 66-70. 5. .. // , , , 2006. .66,.41-46.

Nazarenko I.I. - Sviderski A.T. - Dedov O.P.