Biochemistry Test 1 (2hours) Name: Matric No: Phone No: Answer all questions. 1) Define theses term: a.

monosacharides b. biomolecules c. cellulose d. enantiomer (8)

2) Name 9 elements in biomembranes and organelles in animal cell. State their function. 3 a)The structure of a monosaccharide is given below:

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i. What is the correct name for this monosaccharide? ii. Redraw the diagram in the answer booklet and label the position of carbon-1 and carbon-4. b) Glucose forms a number of polymers. i. Name a polymer of glucose.

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ii. Draw a skeletal formula showing two glucose units linked in a length of the polymer you chose in b(i). Your diagram should show clearly the link between the two glucose units. (3) iii. iv. Explain how this polymers structure makes it possible for its function. (4)

Draw the structure of amylopectin and amylose. Label the linkages present in each of them (6)

4. Protein has four levels of structures. Discuss on each of the structures.

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5. Structure of a phospholipid is as below.

a. i. Identify the ester group in this structure. ii. Identify two chiral carbon atoms in this structure. iii. What is the overall charge on this phospholipid?

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b. With the aid of diagrams show and explain how phospholipids are assembled into bimolecular layers. (4)

6. Biochemistry is the study of the chemical processes in living organisms. It deals with the structures and functions of cellular components such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids and other biomolecules. Over the last 40 years biochemistry has become so successful at explaining living processes that now almost all areas of the life sciences from botany to biotechnology are engaged in biochemical research. From your point of view, how the biochemistry knowledge can help the biotechnology field especially in food processing industry? (10)

7. Raffinose is the most abundant trisaccharide found in nature. Draw a structure for the trisaccharide raffinose given the following information: (10) a) It is a trimer composed on D-galactose (1st position) and D-Glucose (2nd position) and Dfructose (3rd position). b) The glycosidic linkage between galactose and glucose is (1,6) c) The glycosidic linkage between glucose and fructose is , (1,2)

8. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a nucleic acid polymer. It consists of nucleotide monomers.

a. Describe and explain the types of RNA. b. Give the differences and similarity between RNA and DNA.

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