yamashiro (cry249) Ch2-HW2 haley (56990) This print-out should have 18 questions.

ns. Multiple-choice questions may continue on the next column or page nd all choices before answering. 001 (part 1 of 2) 5.0 points Youre driving on a straight road (in the +x direction) at a constant speed of 28 m/s. In 9 s, you speed up to 41 m/s to pass a truck. Assuming that your car speeds up at a constant rate (constant force by the road on the tires), what is your average x component of velocity vavg,x during this maneuver? Correct answer: 34.5 m/s. Explanation: Since the car speeds up at a constant rate, we just need to consider the endpoints, when the car was traveling vi,x = 28 m/s and vf,x = 41 m/s. We calculate the average x component of velocity as follows: vavg,x = vi,x + vf,x 2 28 m/s + 41 m/s = 2 = 34.5 m/s .

003 (part 1 of 3) 3.0 points On a straight road (taken to be in the +x direction) you drive for an hour at v1,x = 55 km/h, then quickly speed up to v2,x = 100 km/h and drive for an additional two hours. How far do you go (x)? Correct answer: 255 km. Explanation: To nd the total distance traveled, we have to consider the two speeds separately:

x = v1,x t1 + v2,x t2 = (55 km/h)(1 h) + (100 km/h)(2 h) = 255 km .

004 (part 2 of 3) 3.0 points What is your average x component of velocity (vavg,x )? Correct answer: 85 km/h. Explanation: We cant simply take the arithmetic mean in this case, because the car did not accelerate at a constant rate between the initial and nal speeds. Instead, we have to take a weighted average, considering the two speeds and how long the car spent at each speed: v1,x t1 + v2,x t2 t1 + t2 (55 km/h)(1 h) + (100 km/h)(2 h) = 2h+1 h = 85 km/h .

002 (part 2 of 2) 5.0 points How far do you go during this maneuver? Correct answer: 310.5 m. Explanation: Again, the fact that the acceleration is constant simplies things. We can just treat this situation as though we were actually moving at the average speed for the 9 s interval: x = = vavg,x t = (34.5 m/s)(9 s) = 310.5 m .

vavg,x =

005 (part 3 of 3) 4.0 points

yamashiro (cry249) Ch2-HW2 haley (56990) Is vavg,x equal to the arithmetic average of your initial and nal values of vx ? 1. No correct 2. Yes Explanation: As we can see, they are not equal: 55 km/h + 100 km/h = 77.5 km/h . 2 4. Fnet,x is increasing with time. 5. Fnet,x is decreasing with time. Explanation: We can use the expression Fnet t = p

varith,x =

to help us. We can choose any two adjacent times from the above data set to see that the net force cannot be zero: px 10 kg m/s = = 10 N. t 1s So Fnet,x is not zero. We can see from the same process of testing adjacent points that the net force is always the same value. Therefore Fnet,x is not increasing or decreasing, but constant. Fnet,x = 007 10.0 points

The average velocity vavg,x would only be equal to the arithmetic mean of the starting and nal values in two cases: 1) if there was a constant acceleration from the rst speed to the nal speed, or 2) if the car traveled one speed rst and then changed to another speed, but spent the same amount of time at the two speeds. In this case, the car spends one hour at the rst speed, accelerates essentially instantaneously, and then spends two hours at the second speed. So neither of these cases applies. (Technically, it is possible that the arithmetic mean could be equal to the average speed in other cases, but those are more complicated than what we are currently considering.) 006 10.0 points The x component of the momentum of an object is observed to increase with time: At t = 0 s, At t = 1 s, At t = 2 s, At t = 3 s, px px px px = 50 kg m/s = 60 kg m/s = 70 kg m/s = 80 kg m/s

The graph shows the velocity v as a function of time t for an object moving in a straight line. v t tQ tR tS tP 0 Which graph shows the corresponding displacement x as a function of time t for the same time interval? x 1. 0 x 2. t 0 x 3. 0 tQ tR tS tP tQ tR tS tP t tQ tR tS tP t

What can you conclude about the x component of the net force acting on the object during this time? 1. Not enough information is given. 2. Fnet,x is zero. 3. Fnet,x is constant. correct

yamashiro (cry249) Ch2-HW2 haley (56990) x 4. 0 x 5. t 0 correct x 6. t tQ tR tS tP 0 7. None of these graphs is correct. a 8. x 0 9. x tQ tQ tR tS tP t 3. a t t 2. t 1. tQ tR tS tP O tQ tR tS tP t

Consider a toy car which can move to the right (positive direction) or left on a horizontal surface along a straight line. car v +

What is the acceleration-time graph if the car moves toward the right (away from the origin), speeding up at a steady rate? a t

tR tS tP 0 Explanation: The displacement is the integral of the velocity with respect to time: x= v dt .

correct a 4. t

Because the velocity increases linearly from zero at rst, then remains constant, then decreases linearly to zero, the displacement will increase at rst proportional to time squared, then increase linearly, and then increase proportional to negative time squared. From these facts, we can obtain the correct answer. x t 0 tQ tR tS tP 008 (part 1 of 5) 2.0 points

5. None of these graphs is correct. a 6. t

yamashiro (cry249) Ch2-HW2 haley (56990) a 7. t 6. a t

a 8. t 7.

a t

Explanation: Since the car speeds up at a steady rate, the acceleration is a constant. 009 (part 2 of 5) 2.0 points What is the acceleration-time graph if the car moves toward the right, slowing down at a steady rate? a 1. t

a 8. t

Explanation: Since the car slows down, the acceleration is in the opposite direction. 010 (part 3 of 5) 2.0 points What is the acceleration-time graph if the car moves towards the left (toward the origin) at a constant velocity? a 1. t

correct 2. None of these graphs is correct. a 3. t

a a 4. t a a 5. t correct 3. t 2. t

yamashiro (cry249) Ch2-HW2 haley (56990) a 4. t 3. a t

a 5. t 4.

a t

6. None of these graphs is correct. a 7. t

correct a 5. t

a 8. t 6.

a t

a 7. t

Explanation: Since the car moves at a constant velocity, the acceleration is zero. 011 (part 4 of 5) 2.0 points What is the acceleration-time graph if the car moves toward the left, speeding up at a steady rate? a 1. t

a 8. t

Explanation: The same reason as Part 1. 012 (part 5 of 5) 2.0 points What is the acceleration-time graph if the car moves toward the right at a constant velocity?

2. None of these graphs is correct.

yamashiro (cry249) Ch2-HW2 haley (56990) a 1. t

013 10.0 points A car traveling in a straight line has a velocity of 6.61 m/s at some instant. After 4.04 s, its velocity is 12.4 m/s. What is its average acceleration in this time interval? Correct answer: 1.43317 m/s2 .

correct a 2. t Let : a 3. t v1 = 6.61 m/s , t = 4.04 s , and v2 = 12.4 m/s . Explanation:

The average acceleration is aav = vf vi v = t t 12.4 m/s 6.61 m/s = 4.04 s

a 4. t

= 1.43317 m/s2 . 014 (part 1 of 3) 3.0 points A train travels between stations 1 and 2, as shown in the gure. The engineer of the train is instructed to start from rest at station 1 and accelerate uniformly between points A and B, then coast with a uniform velocity between points B and C, and nally decelerate uniformly between points C and D until the train stops at station 2. The distances AB, BC, and CD are all equal, and it takes 4.91 min to travel between the two stations. Assume that the uniform accelerations have the same magnitude, even when they are opposite in direction. Station A Station B

a 5. t

a 6. t

a 7. t

A 8. None of these graphs is correct. Explanation: The same reason as Part 3.

How much of this 4.91 min period does the train spend between points A and B? Correct answer: 1.964 min. Explanation:

yamashiro (cry249) Ch2-HW2 haley (56990) xAB = xBC = xCD tAB + tBC + tCD = 4.91 min vA = vD = 0 m/s vo + vf x = t 2 x 2 x t = = . v vo + vf v= Between points A and B, tAB = 2 xAB . vB

016 (part 3 of 3) 4.0 points How much of this 4.91 min period does the train spend between points C and D? Correct answer: 1.964 min. Explanation:

tCD = tAB =

2xAB = 1.964 min . vB

Because the trains velocity is constant from B to C, tBC = xAB xBC = . vB vB

017 10.0 points You drive north on a highway, then, without changing speed, you round a curve and drive east. What is the change of your velocity and your acceleration? 1. Both velocity and acceleration change. correct 2. The velocity changes; the acceleration does not change. 3. The velocity does not change; the acceleration changes.

Between points C and D, tCD 2 xAB = , vB so

2 xAB 2 xAB xAB + + = t vB vB vB 5 xAB = t vB t xAB = vB 5

and

4. It cannot be determined by the information given. 5. Neither change. velocity nor acceleration

tAB

2 t 2(0.982 min) = = = 1.964 min . 5 5

015 (part 2 of 3) 3.0 points How much of this 4.91 min period does the train spend between points B and C? Correct answer: 0.982 min. Explanation: xAB vB

Explanation: The acceleration is zero before the turn; while you are turning, the velocity changes because its direction changes, so the acceleration is no longer zero.

tBC =

018 10.0 points The graph shows position as a function of time for two trains running on parallel tracks. t 0.982 min At time t = 0 the position of both trains is 0 = = = 0.982 min . (at the origin). 5 5

yamashiro (cry249) Ch2-HW2 haley (56990) position A B

time tB Which is true? 1. Both trains speed up all the time. 2. At time tB , both trains have the same velocity. 3. Somewhere on the graph, both trains have the same acceleration. 4. Both trains have the same velocity at some time before tB . correct Explanation: The slope of the curve B is the same with the slope of line A at some point t < tB .