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A Hybrid System Composed of a Wind Power and a Photovoltaic System at NTT Kume-jima Radio Relay Station
Kazuhiro KUROZUMI*, Takeru TAWARA*, Toshikazu TAN-*, Yuji KAWAGOE*, Takashi YAMAN=*, Hiroaki IKEBE*, Kazuhiko SHINDOU**, and Tetsuo MIYAZATO** "NTT Power and Building Facilities Inc. 3-9-11, Midori-cho,Musashino-shi, Tokyo, 180-0012 Japan
Te1:+81-422-37-7643,Fax:+81-422-37-7650, E-mail:kurozu22@bn.ntt-f.co.jp

**Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation 2-2-2, Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-0004 Japan
Te1:+81-3-5200-6888,Fax:+81-3-5200-9118,E-mail:t-miyaza@mbd.mbc.ntt.co.jp

Abstract

This paper describes a 250 kW

important issues for companies, who have a responsibility to protect the environment. In cooperation with NTT Power and Building
I T has started a Total Power Facihties, Inc. "

hybrid system composed of two systems which uses clean energy sources, a wind power system and a photovoltaic (PV) system. The hybrid system has been installed in the radio relay station a t NTT in Kume-jima (a small island in the south-west of Japan). The hybrid system consists of a 230 kW wind turbine, a 50 kW resistor, a 230 kW bidirectional converter with storage batteries, 20 kW PV modules, and a 20 kW interactive inverter. The power generated in this system is supplied to telecommunications equipment a t the ra&o relay station and to the power grid by reversing power flow. One of the advantages of this system is that it suppresses rapid change in the output power of the wind power system. This rapid change causes the grid voltage and the grid frequency to fluctuate because the grid capacity in Kume-jima is low.

Revolution (TPR) campaign to reconsider its energy consumption policy and reduce power consumption in telecommunications equipment. This has involved the introduction of clean energy sources, an example of which is the installation of PV systems in telecommunications
1[2] buildings. [ 1

Our most recent clean energy system, a combination of a wind power system and a PV system has been installed in Kume-jima, a location particularly suited to this laid of system owing to its good wind and sunshine conhtions. The hybrid system is connected in the grid and

its generated power is supplied, by reversing

power flow to the telecommunications equipment a t the radio relay station and to the grid. The rapid change in output power of the hybrid

1. Introduction
Equipment used in multimedia telecommunications must have the capacity to manage large amounts of information rapidly and must have air conditioners to cool the equipment effectively. These features result in increased power consumption. Effective use of energy and reduction of +its consumption are
0-7803-5069-3 /98/$10.00 01998 IEEE 785

system may cause the grid voltage and grid frequency to fluctuate, owing to the low grid capacity in Kume-jima. We have therefore developed a system which uses a resistor and a bidirectional converter to suppress fluctuation in the grid.

2. Configuration of the hybrid

system
The configuration and external view of the hybrid system are shown in Figs. 1 and 2. The system consists of a 230 kW wind power system and a 20 kW PV system and makes the most of the advantages of each. The wind power system consists of a wind turbine, a resister, a bidirectional converter, and storage batteries (2 V, 500 Ah, 180 cells). The PV system consists of PV modules and an interactive inverter. The power generated by the hybrid system is supplied to the telecommunications equipment a t the radio relay station and to the grid.

Therefore, considering the characteristics of the power

grid's

diesel

engine

generator

(investigated in rapid load change experiments), we estimate that the grid frequency cannot meet the requirement (59.7-60.3Hz) when the generated power changes by more than 160 kW.

3. Wind power system

The rapid change in the output power of the wind turbine causes the grid voltage and grid frequency to fluctuate because the grid capacity is low in Kume-jima (power consumption on a winter night there is as low as 3000 kVA). Fig. 2 Hybrid system composed of the wind power and the photovoltaic system.

Wind power system

Grid

( J q#

Q
Photovoltaic svstem .
I

....... ........... ....:.:.?...

AC6600V, 3-phase, 60Hz

Transformer

Radio relay station

Fig. 1 Configuration of the hybrid system.

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There are two conditions in which the power generated by the wind power system changes rapidly. When the wind velocity changes rapidly ,and when the wind turbine stops.

The operation data of the bi-directional converter is shown in Fig. 6. The waveforms shown in Fig. 6 can be described as follows. When the power generated by the wind turbine decreased rapidly, the bi-du-ectional converter stopped charging the batteries a t point A. Its mode of operation changes to discharging and its output current increases a t point B. After 10 seconds, its output current gradually decreases

(a) C o u n t e r m e a s u r e of rapid c h a n g e in
w i n d velocity Waveform of the power generated by the wind turbine is shown in Fig. 3. When the increase of power generated by wind turbine is 130 kW during 10 seconds and the rate of increase is 30 kW/s at the same time, the switch S1 turns on and the resistor consumes the power as shown in Fig. 4. When the decrease of power generated is 130 kW during 10 seconds and the rate of decrease is

A a t point C, and it took another 10 seconds to O

to start charging the batteries again a t point D. These results verify the operation of the biIirectional converter.

30 kWls at the same time, the bi-hrectional

converter's mode of operation changes from charging to discharging and t,he storage battery supplies the power to the grid and the radio relay station, as shown in Fig. 5.

. . . . . . . .

. v . i i p p . P o w e r _ s Y ! f e m

Grid
. . . . . . . . . .
I tI

C6600V,3-phase, 60Hz

converter

Resislor 5OkW
...........

Radio relay station

.s
Suppressed power

Fig. 4 Operation of the wind power system when the generated power increases rapidly.

.....

.Wind PP1wP_'_?Fs_fern . . . . . . . . . .

Grid
66WV,3-phase, 60Hz

converter

Rapid increase

Rapid dccrcnse Rablor 5OkW

Fig. 3 Operation of the hybrid system when the wind power rapidly changes.

Fig. 5 Operation of the wind power system when the generated power decreases rapidly.

Fig. 6 Operation d a t a of the bi-directional converter.

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@) C o u n t e r m e a s u r e of w i n d turbine cut-

4.

Photovoltaic system

off
The wind turbine cuts off to protect itself if the wind velocity is more than 25 mls for 10 minutes. The generated power then decreases from 210 kW to 0 kW within 50 mihseconds. shown in Fig. 7. After receiving a pre-alarm signal from the wind turbine, the bi-directional converter changes to a waiting mode in which the current dose not flow between the grid and the storage batteries, and the S1 turns on causing the power generated by the wind turbine to be consumed.
10 seconds after receiving the pre-alarm signal,

The PV system uses an interactive inverter to convert DC power generated by the PV modules

into AC power which is then supplied to the

telecommunications equipment. The external view and specifications of the interactive inverter are shown in Fig. 8 and Table 1. Protection of t h e . natural enGironment was taken into account in the installation of this system. Instead of digging the hdlside to prepare the horizontal area necessary for the PV system, we took advantage of the natural slope to prepare bases and set PV modules. method was also cost-effective. The capacity of the photovoltaic system was decided by installation area of the PV modules. This

Operation

of the wind power system in these conditions is

the bi-directional converter receives the cut-off signal. Its mode of operation changes from waiting to discharging and its output power increases from 0 kW to 210 kW within 300 milhseconds.

Its output power gradually

decreases, to reach 0 kW after 10 seconds. Therefore, this system can suppress the changes in output power as well as the fluctuations of the grid voltage and the grid frequency.

Fig. 8 External view of the interactive inverter.

Table 1 Specifications of interactive

inverter.
Rated capacity Rated voltage Input Voltage range Rated voltage
i ;
/ i i
i

~:i
-_-

tion

a
PI

Pre.durn

250-360

? -Pl-P3

gi

IkPl-PZ 0

1
j
i

i Tmc
Convertion efliaency Sue Weight

Fig. 7. Operation of the wind power system a t the wind turbine cut-off.

I*

200 60

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5. Conclusion
NTT and NTT Power and Building Facilities Inc. have been working on the introduction of clean energy and have installed clean energy systems in telecommunications buildings. The total capacity of these energy systems had increased to 1350 kW by March, 1998.

A 250 kW hybrid system composed of a 230

kW wind power and a 20 kW photovoltaic system was installed a t NTT Kume-jima radio relay station for which we developed the technology to suppress grid power fluctuations.

6. References
[l] Y. Kawagoe, K. Nakamura, D. Ikeda and S.

Torigoe Field Investigation of a Photovoltaic Power System for a Telecommunications System, INTELEC 91, November, 1991 [2] K. Kurozumi, Y. Kawagoe, T. Yamanaka and T. Hidaka Development of Photovoltaic Systems Using DC Interactive Converter for Telecommunication Systems, INTELEC 97, October, 1997

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