Watermark

The Mahatma Gandhi Series of banknotes contain the Mahatma Gandhi watermark with a light and shade effect and multi-directional lines in the watermark window. There is also the watermark of the price of currency its visible in presence of light and glow in U .

Security Thread
Rs.1000 notes introduced in October 2000 contain a readable, windowed security thread alternately visible on the obverse with the inscriptions Bharat (in Hindi , 1000 and RB!, but totally e"bedded on the reverse. #he Rs.$00 and Rs.100 notes have a security thread with si"ilar visible %eatures and inscription Bharat (in Hindi , and RB!. &hen held a'ainst the li'ht, the security thread on Rs.1000, Rs.$00 and Rs.100 can be seen as one continuous line. #he Rs.$, Rs.10, Rs.20 and Rs.$0 notes contain a readable, %ully e"bedded windowed security thread with the inscription Bharat(in Hindi , and RB!. #he security thread appears to the le%t o% the (ahat"a)s portrait. *otes issued prior to the introduction o% the (ahat"a +andhi ,eries have a plain, non-readable %ully e"bedded security thread

Latent image
. latent i"a'e is an invisible i"a'e produced by the e/posure to li'ht o% a photosensitive "aterial such as photo'raphic %il". &hen photo'raphic %il" is developed, the area that was e/posed dar0ens and %or"s a visible i"a'e. !n the early days o% photo'raphy, the nature o% the invisible chan'e in the silver halide crystals o% the %il")s e"ulsion coatin' was un0nown, so the i"a'e was said to be 1latent1 until the %il" was treated with photo'raphic developer. !n "ore physical ter"s, a latent i"a'e is a s"all cluster o% "etallic silver ato"s %or"ed in or on a silver halide crystal due to reduction o% interstitial silver ions by photoelectrons (a photolytic silver cluster . !% intense e/posure continues, such photolytic silver clusters 'row to visible si2es. #his is called printin' out the i"a'e. On the other hand, the %or"ation o% a visible i"a'e by the action o% photo'raphic developer is called developin' out the i"a'e. #he si2e o% a silver cluster in the latent i"a'e can be as s"all as a %ew silver ato"s. However, in order to act as an e%%ective latent i"a'e center, at least %our silver ato"s are necessary. On the other hand, a developed silver 'rain can have billions o% silver ato"s. #here%ore, photo'raphic developer is a che"ical a"pli%ier actin' on the latent i"a'e, with a 'ain %actor up to several billion. #he develop"ent syste" was the "ost i"portant technolo'y that increased the photo'raphic sensitivity in the history o% photo'raphy.
On the obverse side o% Rs.1000, Rs.$00, Rs.100, Rs.$0 and Rs.20 notes, a vertical band on the ri'ht side o% the (ahat"a +andhis portrait contains a latent i"a'e showin' the respective deno"inational value in nu"eral. #he latent i"a'e is visible only when the note is held hori2ontally at eye level.

Microlettering
#his %eature appears between the vertical band and (ahat"a +andhi portrait. !t contains the word RB! in Rs.$ and Rs.10. #he notes o% Rs.20 and above also contain the deno"inational value o% the notes in "icroletters. #his %eature can be seen better under a "a'ni%yin' 'lass 3urrency 3ountin' (achine with 4a0e *ote 5etection .

Intaglio Printing
!nta'lio printin' is the opposite o% relie% printin', in that the printin' is done %ro" in0 that is below the sur%ace o% the plate. #he desi'n is cut, scratched, or etched into the printin' sur%ace or plate, which can be copper, 2inc, alu"inu", "a'nesiu", plastics, or even coated paper. #he printin' in0 is rubbed into the incisions or 'rooves, and the sur%ace is wiped clean. 6nli0e sur%ace printin', inta'lio printin'7which is actually a process o% e"bossin' the paper into the incised lines7re8uires considerable pressure9 !nta'lio processes are probably the "ost versatile o% the print"a0in' "ethods, as various techni8ues can produce a wide ran'e o% e%%ects. :irtually all inta'lio plates are printed by si"ilar "eans, usin' a roller press. #his is essentially co"posed o% two bearin' rollers with a "ovable %latbed sandwiched hori2ontally between the". . viscous in0 is %orced into the incisions o% the inta'lio plate with a roller, and the e/cess in0 is wiped away. #he in0ed plate is laid %ace up on the bed, a sheet o% wet printin' paper is laid over it, and a blan0et (to ensure even pressure is draped over the" both. #hen the upper roller o% the press is turned and the bed is drawn throu'h; a pressure o% several tons trans"itted throu'h the blan0et presses the wet paper into the in0-%illed crevices o% the plate, thus producin' the printed i"a'e.

#here are two ways o% "a0in' inta'lio prints in varied colours. !n the "ethod 0nown as <la poup=e (4rench> ?with the doll@ , a doll-shaped bundle o% %abric is used to apply di%%erent colours to di%%erent areas o% a sin'le plate, which is then printed in the usual way. !n the other "ethod separate plates, each carryin' di%%erent colours are successively overprinted on a sin'le sheet o% paper. &hen this "ultiple-plate "ethod is used, the printer "ust be care%ul to ensure that each successive colour %alls in its precise location. #he "ost precise "ethod o% ensurin' colour re'istration involves the use o% pinholes to chec0 ali'n"ent. #he portrait o% (ahat"a +andhi, the Reserve Ban0 seal, 'uarantee and pro"ise clause, .sho0a Aillar B"ble" on the le%t, RB!, +overnor)s si'nature are printed in inta'lio i.e. in raised prints, which can be %elt by touch, in Rs.20, Rs.$0, Rs.100, Rs.$00 and Rs.1000 notes.

!denti%ication (ar0
. special %eature in inta'lio has been introduced on the le%t o% the water"ar0 window on all notes e/cept Rs.10C- note. #his %eature is in di%%erent shapes %or various deno"inations

(Rs. 20-:ertical Rectan'le, Rs.$0-,8uare, Rs.100-#rian'le, Rs.$00-3ircle, Rs.10005ia"ond and helps the visually i"paired to identi%y the deno"ination.

Fluorescence
*u"ber panels o% the notes are printed in %luorescent in0. #he notes also have optical %ibers. Both can be seen when the notes are e/posed to ultra-violet la"p. &hen there is %a0e note its letter and "ainly the nu"eric values all are irre'ular in shape..4or a 'enuine currency note, the nu"ber will be re'ular and when scrutini2ed a'ainst ultra violet rays, the letter printed with %luorescent in0 shine, %or %a0e note nu"ber will be co"paratively s"aller as co"pared the ori'inal one.

Optically Variable Ink

Optically variable in0 %or obtainin' a color sha%t between two distinct two colors at %irst and second an'les o% incident li'ht co"prised o% an in0 vehicle and optically variable %la0es disposed in the in0 vehicle. #he optically variable %la0es are co"prised o% a "ultilayer thin %il" inter%erence structure havin' %irst and second parallel planar sur%aces. #he optically variable %la0es have physical di"ensions such that when the %la0es are "easured in directions parallel and perpendicular respectively to the planar sur%aces an aspect ratio o% at least 2 to 1 is provided. #he in0 displays two distinct colors dependin' on the an'le the bill is viewed at. #he 6nited ,tates %i%ty-dollar bill, %or e/a"ple, uses color shi%tin' in0 %or the nu"eral $0 so that it displays copper at one an'le and bri'ht 'reen in another. #his is a new security %eature incorporated in the Rs.1000 and Rs.$00 notes with revised color sche"e introduced in *ove"ber 2000. #he nu"eral 1000 and $00 on the obverse o% Rs.1000 and Rs.$00 notes respectively is printed in optically variable in0 vi2., a colour-shi%tin' in0. #he colour o% the nu"eral 1000C$00 appears 'reen when the note is held %lat but would chan'e to blue when the note is held at an an'le.

See through Register

#he s"all %loral desi'n printed both on the %ront (hollow and bac0 (%illed up o% the note in the "iddle o% the vertical band ne/t to the &ater"ar0 has an accurate bac0 to bac0 re'istration. #he desi'n will appear as one %loral desi'n when seen a'ainst the li'ht.