RTA Austroads Guide Supplements

RTA Supplement

Guide to (Austroads)

______________________________________________________________________________________________

Publication Number: RTA/Pub.11.281 Publication date: 4 July 2011

Supersedes : Nil

RTASupplementto AUSTROADSGUIDETOROADDESIGN Part4C:Interchanges

(ReleasedAugust2009) General AustroadshasreleasedtheGuidetoRoadDesignPart4C:Interchangesandall roadagenciesacrossAustralasiahaveagreedtoadopttheAustroadsguidesto providealevelofconsistencyandharmonisationacrossalljurisdictions.This agreementmeansthatthenewAustroadsguidesandtheAustralianStandards, whicharereferencedinthem,willbecometheprimarytechnicalreferencesfor usewithintheAuthority. Thissupplementisissuedtoclarify,addto,ormodifytheAustroadsGuideto RoadDesignPart4C:Interchanges TheRTANSWacceptstheprinciplesintheAustroadsGuidetoRoadDesignPart 4C:Interchangeswithvariationsdocumentedinthissupplement.These variationsfallintotwocategories: RTAComplementaryMaterial:RTADesignReferenceDocumentsreference materialthatcomplementstheAustroadsGuides.Thesedocumentsinclude RTAManuals,TechnicalDirectionsand/orotherreferencematerialandare tobereadinconjunctionwiththeAustroadsGuides. RTADepartures:RTAroaddesignpracticesthatdepartfromtheAustroads Guides. SeealsotheRTASupplementsfortheotherpartstotheAustroadsGuidetoRoad DesignSeriesandtheRTASupplementstotheotherAustroadsSeries. AllReferenceDocumentsmentionedinthispartshouldbecheckedagainstthe RTADesignReferenceDocuments.

UNCONTROLLED WHEN PRINTED

1 (27 pages)

RTA Supplement

Guide to (Austroads)

______________________________________________________________________________________________

DocumentInformation
Title: RTASupplementto AUSTROADSGUIDETO Part4C:Interchanges ReleasedAugust2009 RoadDesignEngineering/TechnologyStandards (Road) TechnologyStandards(Road) TechnologyStandards(Road) RTAAustroadsCommittee Public 4/07/2011 30/05/2013 RTA/Pub.11.281 Supplement,Austroads,Part4C,Interchanges

Branch/Section: Author: Contributors: Approver: Audience: DateofEffect: NextReviewDate: DocumentNumber: Keywords:

DocumentHistory
Version 1.0 Date 4/07/2011 ReasonforAmendment Published Page No. All Editor Technology Standards (Road)

For enquiries and further issues to be added to this supplement email Austroads Supplements

UNCONTROLLED WHEN PRINTED

2 (27 pages)

RTA Supplement

Guide to (Austroads)

______________________________________________________________________________________________

Reference Section General

RTAEnhancedPractice,ComplementaryMaterial,or Departures RTApracticeforActs,RegulationsandRules. RTArole/purpose: TransportAdministrationAct1988 RoadClassification/RoadAuthorityPowers: RoadsAct1993 RoadsRegulation2008 RoadRules/enforcementpowers: RoadRules2008 RoadTransport(General)Regulation2005 RTAcomplementarymaterial:DesignReferenceDocuments 4STRUCTURES Insert4.9SafetyScreeningofBridgesafterSection4.8 ServicesonStructure 7SIGHTDISTANCE 7.5 ReplaceSafeIntersectionSightDistancewithMinorRoad Terminalsasnewheadingforsection7.5 11.3EntryRamps 11.3.2SingleLaneEntry ReplaceSingleLaneEntrywithEntryRamp(Type1) 11.3.4EntrywithAuxiliaryLane ReplaceEntrywithAuxiliaryLanewithEntryRamp(Type2) APPENDIXB DeleteentireAppendixBNotused TABLES Table6.1 InsertrangeofafterRecommendedandbeforeminimum

Date

CONTENTS

UNCONTROLLED WHEN PRINTED

3 (27 pages)

RTA Supplement

Guide to (Austroads)

______________________________________________________________________________________________

designspeeds FIGURES Figure7.3 ReplaceVerticalcurveradiuswithKvaluesbeforerequired forsight Figure11.1 DeleteAnexampleofbeforesinglelaneexits Figure11.2 Deletepreferredandacceptabletreatments Figure11.6 ReplacefiguretitlewithEntryRamp(Type1) Figure11.7 ReplacefiguretitlewithEntryRamp(Type2)

Section1 Section1.1 Section1.2

Section1.3 Section1.4 Section1.5 Section1.6 Section1.7

INTRODUCTION Purpose Noamendments ScopeofthisPart InsertFormsofinterchangearedescribedinSection3.after lastparagraph,immediatelybeforeSection1.3RoadSafety RoadSafety No amendments RoadDesignObjectives No amendments TrafficManagementatInterchanges No amendments SafetyPerformanceofInterchanges No amendments TrafficCapacityofInterchanges Paragraph4 Insert after paragraph 4 LevelofService LevelofserviceA.Aconditionoffreeflowinwhichindividual driversarevirtuallyunaffectedbythepresenceofothersinthe trafficstream.Freedomtoselectdesiredspeedsandto manoeuvrewithinthetrafficstreamisextremelyhigh,andthe generallevelofcomfortandconvenienceprovidedisexcellent. LevelofserviceB.Inthezoneofstableflowwheredriversstill havereasonablefreedomtoselecttheirdesiredspeedandto manoeuvrewithinthetrafficstream.Thegenerallevelof comfortandconvenienceisalittlelessthanwithlevelofservice A. LevelofserviceC.Alsointhezoneofstableflow,butmost

UNCONTROLLED WHEN PRINTED

4 (27 pages)

RTA Supplement

Guide to (Austroads)

______________________________________________________________________________________________

Section1.8 Section1.8.1

driversarerestrictedtosomeextentintheirfreedomtoselect theirdesiredspeedandtomanoeuvrewithinthetrafficstream. Thegenerallevelofcomfortandconveniencedeclines noticeablyatthislevel. LevelofserviceD.Closetothelimitofstableflowand approachingunstableflow.Alldriversareseverelyrestrictedin theirfreedomtoselecttheirdesiredspeedandtomanoeuvre withinthetrafficstream.Thegenerallevelofcomfortand convenienceispoor,andsmallincreasesintrafficflowwill generallycauseoperationalproblems. LevelofserviceE.Trafficvolumesareatorclosetocapacity, andthereisvirtuallynofreedomtoselectdesiredspeedsorto manoeuvrewithinthetrafficstream.Flowisunstableandminor disturbanceswithinthetrafficstreamwillcausebreakdown. LevelofserviceF.Inthezoneofforcedflow,wherethe amountoftrafficapproachingthepointunderconsideration exceedsthatwhichcanpassit.Flowbreakdownoccurs,and queuinganddelaysresult. StagedDevelopmentofInterchanges StagingInterchangeDevelopment Paragraph1 ReplaceMostwithSomeatthebeginningoftheparagraph Paragraph 4 InsertAccessandTrafficSwitchestobecome6thand7thdot pointrespectivelyafter5thdotpointoverallroadnetwork developmentinthevicinity FlexibilityandConstructability Noamendments DESIGNCONSIDERATIONSPROCESSANDPRINCIPLES

Section1.8.2 Section2 Section2.1 Section2.2 Section2.2.1

General Noamendments DesignConsiderations Noamendments DesignInformation Paragraph1 Insert,2009lafter(Austroads2009aandbefore)provides Paragraph2 ReplaceKeywithOtherbeforeaspectsthatrequire DesignControlsandCriteria Noamendments

Section2.2.2

UNCONTROLLED WHEN PRINTED

5 (27 pages)

RTA Supplement

Guide to (Austroads)

______________________________________________________________________________________________

Section2.2.3

Section2.2.4 Section2.2.5

StormwaterDrainage Paragraph3,5thdotpoint Replacetominimisemaintenancecostswithtominimise maintenancecostsseparately,asa6thdotpoint LandscapeDevelopment Noamendments PublicTransportFacilities Paragraph1 DeleteToachievetargetsforincreasedpublictransport patronage,and,atthebeginningoftheparagraphandhence commenceparagraphwithToaddress

Replaceiswithmaybeinthefirstsentenceaftertransport systemandbeforerequired Paragraph2 InsertIntelligentTransportSystems(ITS)andBusearly startsasanadditionaldotpointtobecome10thand11thdot points Section2.3 DesignProcess InsertanewsentenceThissectionsupplementsthe requirementsofAustroads2009l,immediatelybeforethe1st sentence ReviewPlanningReports No amendments DesignBrief No amendments PreliminaryDesign No amendments DetailedDesignStage No amendments Principles InterchangeElements Paragraph1 Insertbridgestructure/sasanadditionaldotpointtobecome the4thdotpoint. InterchangeUniformityandSpacing Sectionnumber Replace2.4.32with2.4.2 Spacingsubheading Paragraph3 Insertandtapersafterexitrampsandbefore.
UNCONTROLLED WHEN PRINTED 6 (27 pages)

Section2.3.1 Section2.3.2 Section2.3.3 Section2.3.4 Section2.4 Section2.4.1

Section2.4.32

RTA Supplement

Guide to (Austroads)

______________________________________________________________________________________________

Paragraph3,1stdotpoint ReplaceAS1742.15;MOTSAMPart3,(TransitNZ2004b)and jurisdictionalguideswithRTASupplementtotheAustroads, GuidetoTrafficManagementseriesafter(referto Paragraph3,2nddotpoint Replace200mperlanechange,whilstcarsdesirablyrequire 150mperlanechange.withalongerlengthinwhichtochange lanes.ThelengthsrequiredaredeterminedfromAustroads 2009c.afterheavyvehiclesrequire Paragraph4,1stSentence Replacetheminimumwithadesirableafteristhatand beforespacingof Paragraph4 InsertWhilsttheprovisionofsuchlengthsisgenerally impracticalinurbanareas,aminimumof1.5kmto2.0kmshould beprovidedforurbanfreeways(referAustroads2007).,after the1stdotpointandbeforethe2nddotpoint. Paragraph7 ReplaceInurbanareas,spacingaboveabout4kmwouldnotbe expected.Inruralareasaspacinggreaterthanabout12km with Spacingsabove4kminurbanareasand12kminruralareas afterlocalroadnetwork.andbeforeshouldbecarefully Section3 Section3.1

FORMSOFINTERCHANGE

TrafficConsiderations Figure3.3 Inbothviews(a)and(b)Deleteterminalandinsertgorein notesatrighthandsideofFigureinfourlocations,sothatnew notesreadFreewayentryrampgore Figure3.4 Inbothviews(a)and(b)Replaceallinstancesofterminalwith gore; Figure3.5 Inview(a)ReplaceSemidirectionalwithSemidirectin notetoreadSemidirectexitramp Inview(b)ReplaceSemidirectionalwithSemidirectin twonotestoreadSemidirectexitrampandSemidirect ramp Paragraph1afterFigure3.4, 2nddotpoint ReplaceDirectionalwithDirectatbeginningofsentence beforeramps

UNCONTROLLED WHEN PRINTED

7 (27 pages)

RTA Supplement

Guide to (Austroads)

______________________________________________________________________________________________

Section3.2 Section3.2.1 Section3.2.2 Section4 Section4.1

3rddotpoint ReplaceSemidirectionalwithSemidirectatbeginningof sentencebeforeramps Figure3.5 Replacedirectionalwithdirectbeforerampinlabelfor Figure3.5 Figure3.5 Replacedirectionalwithdirectbeforerampinnotetoread Directramp Replaceterminalwithgoreinnotesintwolocations,sothat newnotesreadFreewayentryrampgore(rightside)and Freewayexitrampgore(rightside) OtherConsiderations Noamendments General Noamendments UnderpassorOverpass Noamendments STRUCTURES General Paragraph2 DeleteNZBridgeDesignManual(TransitNZ2003);andNZ StateHighwayControlManual(TransitNZ2004a). Paragraph3 InsertIfabridgemustbeonacurvethenitisfarpreferablefor theentirebridgetobewithinthecurveandpositionedtoavoid anyapplicabletransitions.attheendoftheparagraphafter complexityofstructures.

Section4.1.1

TypesofStructure Paragraph1 Insertsafetyscreening,aftersignstructuresandbeforeand safetybarriers FormofStructure Paragraph2 DeleteitissuggestedthatinlastsentenceafterInthese casesandbeforeabarriercapable Replaceshouldwithmustinlastsentenceafterheavy vehiclesandbeforebeprovided

Section4.2

UNCONTROLLED WHEN PRINTED

8 (27 pages)

RTA Supplement

Guide to (Austroads)

______________________________________________________________________________________________

Paragraph3 ReplaceThebridgepieronthemedianmaywithBridgepiers locatedonmediansgenerallyafterforeconomy.andbefore needprotectionby Replacewillneedtowithmustafterbarriers,whichand beforebesufficientlystrong Insert and buses after prevent trucks and before from crashing into the pier InsertThisrequirementismandatorywithinthehazard identificationcorridor(Austroads2009e).atendof2nd sentenceafterthepier.andbeforeTheformof Insertforthebridgeafterstructureadoptedandbeforewill dependonthecircumstances Section4.3 Section4.4 Section4.4.1 Section4.4.2 CrosssectionsonBridges Noamendments Pedestrian/CyclistGradeSeparations Noamendments General Noamendments SafetyBarriersatPedestrianBridges Paragraph1 Replaceclearzonewithhazardidentificationcorridor (Austroads,2009e) Culverts Paragraph1 ReplaceCulvertendwallswithintheclearzoneshouldbe driveable,oralternatively,theculvertshouldbeextended beyondthelimitoftheclearzone,orprotectedbyasafety barrier with Culvertendwallsshould,wherepossible,belocatedoutsideof thehazardidentificationcorridor.Shouldthisnotbepossible theculvertendwallsshouldbedrivableand/orprotectedbya safetybarrier.afterdrainageauthorityandbefore(referto theGuide RetainingWalls Noamendments

Section4.5

Section4.6

UNCONTROLLED WHEN PRINTED

9 (27 pages)

RTA Supplement

Guide to (Austroads)

______________________________________________________________________________________________

Section4.7 Section4.8 Section4.9

WildlifeCrossings Noamendments ServicesonStructure Noamendments SafetyScreening AddnewsectionafterSection4.8ServicesonStructure.

Insert

Section5 Section5.1 Section5.2 Section5.2.1

Considerationmustbegiventotheriskimposedonmotorists byobjectsaccidentlyfallingorbeingillegallythrownfrom overheadbridgestructuresatinterchanges.Thestanceofthe RoadsandTrafficAuthorityofNSWiscurrentlytoundertakea riskassessmenttodeterminetheneedtoplacesafetyscreening onbridges(RTA,2002).Thereferenceddocumentincludesa riskassessmentmatrixforthispurposeandadditional informationincluding: thespeedoftheimpactedvehicleisasignificantfactor, thereforehighspeedroadsaccordahighpriority newinterchangesareexpectedtoincorporatefacilitiesthat mayberequiredduringthelifeofthestructure alloverbridgesovermotorways,restrictedaccessroadsor majorpublicroads,whicharewithin2kmofaschool,clubor hotelwouldinvariablywarrantprotection. After the section title. CROSSSECTION MajorRoadandMinorRoad Noamendments RampCrossSection NumberofLanesonRamps ExitRamps Paragraph2,1stdotpoint Insert,orafterthelastwordramp

Paragraph3 Replacetwolanestoonelanewithonelanetotwolanes afterThetransitionfromandbeforeatthenose EntryRamps Paragraph2,1stdotpoint

UNCONTROLLED WHEN PRINTED

10 (27 pages)

RTA Supplement

Guide to (Austroads)

______________________________________________________________________________________________

Deletethelengthofasinglelanerampexceeds300monalevel gradeandsothat1stdotpointbeginswithatruck accelerating Deleterestatafteracceleratingfromandbeforetheramp terminus Replaceterminuswithterminalaftertherampandbefore wouldnotbe Insert,orafterthelastwordramp Section5.2.2 RampLaneWidths Paragraph1,3rdsentence Deletecolourand/oraftershoulderswithandbefore texturediffering InsertUnderspecialcircumstancestheshouldersmaybe reducedbutthetotalcarriagewaywidthshouldnotbelessthan 5.5m.attheendofthe4thsentenceandafterasimilareffect.

Table5.1 Lanewidthcolumn Replace4.0with3.5 Paragraph3 Replacethelanewidthsshouldallowforasemitraileranda cartotravelsidebyside with thewidthoftheleftlaneshouldallowforasemitrailerto traveladjacenttoacaroccupyingtherightlaneaftertwolane loopsandbeforeasaminimum Section5.3 Section6 Section6.1 Section6.2 ClearancesonMajorRoad Noamendments DESIGNSPEED General Noamendments MajorRoad 2nddotpoint Deleteentire2nddotpoint

UNCONTROLLED WHEN PRINTED

11 (27 pages)

RTA Supplement

Guide to (Austroads)

______________________________________________________________________________________________

Paragraph2 DeletetheentireParagraph2andinserttoallowtrafficmoving ontothemajorroadtomergeattheoperatingspeedofthat road.asanew2nddotpoint Section6.3 MinorRoad Paragraph3 DeleteParagraph3 Ramps RampDesignSpeed Paragraph6 Replacetheseramptypeswithrampsofthefirsttypeafter minimumdesignspeedsandbeforeasafunction Table6.1 TableHeading InsertrangeofafterRecommendedandbeforeminimum design ReplaceentireTable6.1withTable7.2.4(a)NAASRA1984, includingsourceinfootnotebeneaththetable Section6.4.2 OtherConsiderations Paragraph1,8thdotpoint Replacelargedecreasesinspeedareoftenrequiredtomeetthe needsoftheintersectionattheterminal. with speedshouldbereducedprogressivelyandsafelytoa magnitudethatisconsistentwiththerampalignmentandthe rampterminalconditions.afterAlongexitrampsandbefore Itisdesirable

Section6.4 Section6.4.1

Section7 Section7.1

SIGHTDISTANCE General Paragraph1 Insert(1.1mto0.2m)afterallramps Insert(1.1to0m)afterexitnose Insert(1.1mto0m)afterentryramps Insert(1.1mto1.1m)afterontheentryramp Insert(1.1mto0m)afteratrampterminals Insert(1.1mto0.65m)afterattheterminal) Insert(1.1mto1.25m)afterofframpapproach.

UNCONTROLLED WHEN PRINTED

12 (27 pages)

RTA Supplement

Guide to (Austroads)

______________________________________________________________________________________________

Section7.2 Section7.3

StoppingSightDistanceontheMajorRoadandMinorRoad Noamendments ExitRampNose Paragraph2 InsertAdditionally,theexitrampshouldbegradedby extensionofthefreewaycrossfalltoapoint60mbeyondthe exitnose.attheendoftheParagraph2aftertheexit treatment. Paragraph3 Deleteentire1stsentence Paragraph4 Deleteoutsideandinsertauxiliaryaftercentreoftheand beforelaneonthe Deleteonthefreewayaftertheoutsidelaneandbeforeto thecentre Replaceclosesttothetaperwith(referFigure7.1(c))after theramplaneandbeforeTheobjectheight DeleteentirecolumnheadedExitwithtaperonly(Figure7.1 (b)) Table7.1 InsertinTable7.1anewcolumnheadedKValuesforCrest Curveswithvalues 60=131.4and65.5 80=240.5and109.2 100=356.4and172.8 110=436.8and210.1 120=495.0and251.0 130=589.1and295.6 Figure7.1 DeletemiddlesectionofFigure7.1(b)Planexittaper Figure7.3 ReplaceVerticalcurveradiuswithKvaluesinthefigure labelafterFigure7.3:andbeforerequiredforsight

UNCONTROLLED WHEN PRINTED

13 (27 pages)

RTA Supplement

Guide to (Austroads)

______________________________________________________________________________________________

Section7.4

EntryRampNose Paragraph6,3rddotpoint Replacesothattherightedgeoftheramplaneiswithin0.6mof theleveloftheedgeofthelefttrafficlaneofthemajorroad(e.g. freeway)withbyextensionofthroughroad(e.g.freeway) crossfallsaftershouldbegraded

Table7.2 ColumnheadedApproachtonose2rows Replace0.1mwith0.0mafterheighttoandbeforeobject height) Section7.5 SafeIntersectionSightDistance ReplacesubheadingSafeIntersectionSightDistancewithnew headingMinorRoadTerminals Paragraph1 ReplaceentireparagraphwithSightdistancesshouldbebased onthereactiontimesdescribedinSection5.2.2(Austroads 2009a) Section8 Section8.1 Section8.2 Section8.2.1 Section8.2.2 HORIZONTALALIGNMENT MajorRoad Noamendments MinorRoad Curvature Noamendments SpreadDiamondInterchanges Paragraph1 Replaceoneachapproachtothestructurewithonthe approachtotherampterminals(orintersections)ontheminor roadaftermediansaredevelopedandbeforetoallowfor Paragraph8 Replace2.5%with3%afterbelimitedtoandbeforeand usedonly Section8.3 8.3.1 Ramps General Paragraph2 InsertToenhancevisualawarenessofanexitrampitisalso desirablethattherampgradebegreaterthanthegradeofthe freeway,giventhegradesshouldnotsplituntilapoint60m beyondthenose.attheendoftheParagraph2afterofheavy

UNCONTROLLED WHEN PRINTED

14 (27 pages)

RTA Supplement

Guide to (Austroads)

______________________________________________________________________________________________

vehicles.

Section8.3.2

GeometricRequirements Paragraph1 ReplaceTable8.1withTable7.5inAustroads2009aat beginningof1stsentencebeforeprovidesaguide Table8.1 Deleteentiretable

Section8.3.3

SystemInterchanges Paragraph1,2ndsentence Replaceahighspeedwithhigherspeedsafteraredesigned forandbefore(80km/h)

Replace80with70inbracketsattheendofthe2nd sentence. 3rdsentence Replace70with55inbracketsatendof3rdsentence. Section8.3.4 ServiceInterchanges Diagonalramps,Paragraph6 ReplaceoftenwithsometimesafterItisandbefore impracticaltoprovide Replaceandhencewith.Normallyafterlongentryramps andbeforetheyshouldgenerally Deletegenerallyaftertheyshouldandbeforebeinthe range ReplaceAsageneralprincipleitis with Insomeinstances,itmaybeafter300mto450mandbefore preferabletoprovide Insertfullstoptoendsentenceafterroadafteronthemajor andbefore(refertoSection5 Exitlooprampssubheading, Paragraph1 ReplaceWhereexitloopsare withExitlooprampsshouldonlybeusedwhereothertypesof ramparenotpracticalduetospacerestrictionsorwherethere arelargevolumesofrightturningtraffic.Theyaregenerallyat
UNCONTROLLED WHEN PRINTED 15 (27 pages)

RTA Supplement

Guide to (Austroads)

______________________________________________________________________________________________

beginningof1stsentenceandbeforeusedatservice

Paragraph2 DeleteentireParagraph2 Section9 Section9.1 Section9.1.1 Section9.1.2 Section9.2 Section9.2.1 VERTICALALIGNMENT MajorRoad Noamendments GradingOptions Noamendments GradingControls Noamendments

Section9.2.2

MinorRoad ClosedDiamond NewParagraph6 InsertGradingofentryandexitrampsindependentofthe freewaygradingshouldnotcommenceontherampproperprior toapoint60mfromthenose(referSection7.3andSection 7.4).tocreatenewadditionalparagraph. SpreadDiamond Paragraph3,3rddotpoint ReplaceSISDwithASDatbeginningof3rddotpoint

Section9.3 Section9.3.1 Section9.3.2 Section10 Section10.1

Ramps RampGradientsforSystemInterchanges Noamendments RampGradientsonServiceInterchanges Noamendments RAMPTERMINALSATMINORROADS RampTerminalLocations Paragraph4 DeleteentireParagraph4 Paragraph5 DeleteentireParagraph5

Section10.2

RampAlignmentatMinorRoadTerminals

Section10.2.1 ExitRampAlignmentatMinorRoadTerminals Noamendments Section10.2.2 EntryRampAlignmentatMinorRoadTerminals Noamendments

UNCONTROLLED WHEN PRINTED

16 (27 pages)

RTA Supplement

Guide to (Austroads)

______________________________________________________________________________________________

Section10.3

RampTerminalatMinorRoad Figure10.4 InsertNote:Applicableatruralnonsignalisedintersectionsas footnoteforFigure10.4 Figure10.5 Insertadditionalnote3.Applicableatruralnonsignalised intersections

Section11 Section11.1

RAMPTERMINALSATTHEMAJORROAD General Noamendments

Section11.2 ExitRamps Section11.2.1 Singlelaneexits Paragraph1 Replacetypicalsinglelaneexitsforinterchangesforuseon freewaysandmajordividedroadswithasinglelaneexit rampafterFigure11.1showsandbeforeTheauxiliarylane Deletefrom(Figure11.1(a)toendoflastsentenceending withasimplediverge. Paragraph2 Deletealsoafterauxiliarylaneandbeforeemphasisesthe DeletetheentirelastsentencebeginningwithForthesame andendingwithinCommentary4. 3rdParagraph DeleteentireParagraph3 Figure11.1 ReplaceFigure11.1withalternativeFigure11.1asshownbelow

DeleteAnexampleofatthebeginningofthelabelforFigure 11.1beforesinglelaneexits

UNCONTROLLED WHEN PRINTED

17 (27 pages)

RTA Supplement

Guide to (Austroads)

______________________________________________________________________________________________

DeleteAnexampleofbeforesinglelaneexitsinlabelfor Figure11.1 Paragraph4 Replacetheentirelastsentencewith Thedecelerationdistanceshouldbesufficientlylongtoallowa drivertomaketheappropriatechangeinspeedbetweenthe majorroadandtheturningroad.Decelerationmayendina completestop,suchasattrafficsignalsattheterminationwith theminorroad.Insuchacasestoragelengthbehindthestop linewillneedtobeallowedfor.Thedecelerationdistance(Dd) isshowninFigure11.1whilstthevaluesofDdareprovidedin Table11.1togetherwithadjustmentsforgradient.

UNCONTROLLED WHEN PRINTED

18 (27 pages)

RTA Supplement

Guide to (Austroads)

______________________________________________________________________________________________

Table11.1 Insertadditionalnote4.Valuesshadedredinthetablearenot recommendedwithoutassociatedspeedreductiontreatments. Figure11.2 ReplaceFigure11.2withalternativeFigure11.2asshownbelow Deletepreferredandacceptabletreatmentsatendoflabel forFigure11.2

InsertNote:Detailscanbereversedforsinglelaneexitwith twolanerampandrightdiverge.asfootnoteinFigure11.2

Section11.2.2 TwolaneExits Figure11.3 InsertSeeNote2inFigure11.3alongtheexittaperthat commencestheauxiliarylane. InsertSeeNote3inFigure11.3attheanglewherethe auxiliarylanemeetsthebeginningofthe1:15rampexittaper. Delete2m(2)inFigure11.3shownasadimensiononthe throughfreewayshoulder. InsertNotesasaheadingforthefollowingfourfootnotes Delete(1)andinsert1.Denotingthe1stfootnote Replace(2)Indicativeonly.RefertotheGuidetoRoadDesign Part3:Geometricdesign(Austroads2009a). with 2.ExittapertobeinaccordancewithFigure11.1 3.Useofahorizontalcurvetojointheauxiliarylanetothe1:15 ramptaperismandatoryandistobeinaccordancewithFigure 11.1

UNCONTROLLED WHEN PRINTED

19 (27 pages)

RTA Supplement

Guide to (Austroads)

______________________________________________________________________________________________

Insert4.tocommencethe4thfootnotewhichistoread Fornosedetail,refertoFigure11.1NosedetailB. Section11.2.3 ExitstoTwoHighspeedRoadways Paragraph1,2ndsentence Insertorzipdiverge.attheendofthe2ndsentenceaftera majorfork. Section11.2.4 LaneDropatanExit Figure11.5 InsertSeeNote1.attheanglewheretheexitrampleavesthe throughfreeway. InsertNoteasaheadingforthefollowingtwofootnotesand deleteexistingNote: Insert1.Exitrampconditionsmustbeinaccordancewith Figure11.1as1stfootnote. Insert2.T=taperlengthbasedonarateoflateralshiftof 0.6m/sas2ndfootnote. Section11.3 EntryRamps Section11.3.1 General Paragraph2 Deleteonhighspeedroads(operatingspeed>80km/h)after Atallinterchanges

Replacetoenableafteranauxiliarylanewith(i.e.alengthof parallellane).ThisEnables DeleteAtinterchangesprovidedbeyondthenose(thelast sentenceofparagraphtwo) InsertInallinstancesofentryrampdesign,thepreferred optionshouldincorporateanauxiliarylaneasshowninFigure 11.7(a).Thattreatment(Type2)providesmoreflexibilityto caterforsituationswherevehicleaccelerationisthe determiningfactorforentryconditionsandprovidesparallel runningforsafermerging. Anentryramplayoutincorporatingasimplemergeasshownin Figure11.6providesalessfavouredlayout.Thismaybe consideredwhereanticipatedtrafficvolumesarerelativelylow innumberresultinginfrequentmergingopportunitiesorthere areotherextenuatingcircumstances..asanadditional paragraphaftertheParagraph2.

UNCONTROLLED WHEN PRINTED

20 (27 pages)

RTA Supplement

Guide to (Austroads)

______________________________________________________________________________________________

Section11.3.2 SinglelaneEntry Simplemerge ReplaceSingleLaneinthesectiontitlewithRamp(Type1) DeleteSimplemergesubsectionheading

Paragraph1 Insert(Type1.)aftersimplemergetaperandbefore suitableforsome Deletesuitableforsomelowspeedsituationsattheendofthe Paragraph1 ReplaceheadingofFigure11.6withEntryramp(Type1)

Section11.3.3 EntrywithAuxiliaryLane ReplacewithAuxiliaryLaneintitlewithRamp(Type2)

Paragraph1, DeleteItshouldbeappreciatedthat,whichisthebeginningof thesecondsentenceofParagraph1

ReplaceappliestoafterFigure11.7withillustratesthe preferredtreatment(Type2).Addedsafetyisprovidedbythe parallelrunningandinadditionitassistsin

UNCONTROLLED WHEN PRINTED

21 (27 pages)

RTA Supplement

Guide to (Austroads)

______________________________________________________________________________________________

Replaceacurvethathasadesignspeedlessthanthedesign speedofthethroughroadisprovidedjustinadvanceofthe nose with vehicleaccelerationisadeterminingfactorforentry conditions.Inothersituations,entryrampsincorporatinga sectionofparallellaneasshowninFigure11.7arethepreferred treatmentandshouldbeadoptedwhereverpracticable.after tosituationswhereandbeforeWhilstthesesituations Paragraph4 Replace11.7(d)with11.7(a),insertAafterwhilstFigure andbeforeillustratesnosedetailssuchthatFigure11.7isas below.

NotestoFigure11.7 Note3 Replace11.1with11.4afterSeeTable

Notes Insert(7).ShouldtherebediscrepanciesbetweenFigure11.7 (a)andFigure11.7(b)theprinciplesofFigure11.7(a)areto apply.asanadditionalNote7. ReplaceheadingofFigure11.7withEntryRamp(Type2)

UNCONTROLLED WHEN PRINTED

22 (27 pages)

RTA Supplement

Guide to (Austroads)

______________________________________________________________________________________________

ReplaceTable11.2with
Design speed of road entered (km/h) 70 80 90 100 110 120 0 165 235 330 450 610 795 Da (m) Acceleration Distance (where design speed from ramp terminal is) 20 150 220 315 435 595 780 30 140 210 305 425 585 770 40 125 195 290 410 570 755 50 95 165 260 380 540 730 60 55 125 220 340 500 700 70 75 170 290 450 660 80 95 220 380 600

Notes: (1) This table applies where the design speed of the road being entered is greater that the design speed prior to the nose on the entry ramp. This speed differential is generally caused by either a horizontal curve or traffic control signals in the vicinity of the ramp terminal on the joining road (refer Section 11.3.3). (2) Da values are to apply to the acceleration distance designated on Figures 11.6 and 11.7(a). (3) Da values are for level grade and must be adjusted for grade using Table 11.3. Source: Adapted form RTA (1999) and RTA (2000)

ReplaceTable11.3with

Notes: (1) Ratio from this table multiplied by length in Table 11.2 gives length of speed change lane on grade. Source: Adapted form RTA (1999) and RTA (2000).

UNCONTROLLED WHEN PRINTED

23 (27 pages)

RTA Supplement

Guide to (Austroads)

______________________________________________________________________________________________

ReplaceFigure11.9with

Section11.3.4 TwolaneEntry Noamendments Section11.3.5 LoopRamps Noamendments Section11.3.6 MergingofHighspeedMajorRoads Noamendments

Section11.4 RampTrafficSignals Section11.4.1 General Paragraph1 ReplaceSection6.9ofafterReferenceshouldalsobemadeto withtotheRTASupplementsto Section11.4.2 CapacityAnalysis Noamendments Section11.4.3 GeometricandLayoutDesign Noamendments Section12 RAMPSONTWOLANETWOWAYFREEWAYS Figure12.1 (a)Layout NoteatExitramptoreadExitrampsaregenerallylocatedin thevicinityofoppositetheentrancerampandusuallynotas showninthislayout InsertNotesasaheadingforthefollowingfourfootnotes 1.Taperlength 2.Diagonalmarkings 3.Medianwidth Insert4.LengthofparallellaneLbasedon4secondsoftravel timeasadditional4thfootnote

Section13 Section13.1

Insert5.Exitrampsaregenerallylocatedoppositetheentrance rampandnotasshown PEDESTRIANS General

UNCONTROLLED WHEN PRINTED

24 (27 pages)

RTA Supplement

Guide to (Austroads)

______________________________________________________________________________________________

Noamendments Section13.2 BusPassengers Noamendments Section14 CYCLISTS Section14.1 General Noamendments Section14.2 TreatmentatInterchanges Noamendments Section14.2.1 CyclistsRequiredtoExitandReenterFreeway Noamendments Section14.2.2 GradeSeparationofRampsforCyclists Noamendments Section14.2.3 AlternativeRoutes Noamendments Section15 PAVEMENTMARKING,SIGNSANDLIGHTING Section15.1 General Paragraph5 InsertRTASupplementtobeforeAustralianStandardAS 1742 InsertRTASupplementtobeforeGuidetoTraffic Management Section15.2 Section15.3 Section16 Section16.1 Section16.2 Section16.3 Section17 Section17.1 KeyConsiderations Noamendments LightingofInterchanges Noamendments LANDSCAPINGANDSTREETFURNITURE General Noamendments LandscapeDevelopment Noamendments RoadSafety Noamendments OTHERCONSIDERATIONS AccessintheVicinityofInterchanges

Section17.1.2 AccesstotheMinorRoad Paragraph2 ReplaceAnexpresswaywithAfreewayatthebeginningof theParagraph2. Section17.2 ServiceCentres Noamendments REFERENCES

UNCONTROLLED WHEN PRINTED

25 (27 pages)

RTA Supplement

Guide to (Austroads)

______________________________________________________________________________________________

InsertAustroads2009lGuidetoRoadDesign:Part8:Process andDocumentationbyBernardHammonds,DonHicksandDr JohnMcLeanSydneyNSW after Austroads2009k,Guideto

InsertNAASRA1984GradeSeparatedInterchanges,ADesign Guide,NationalAssociationofAustralianStateRoadAuthorities, Sydney,NSWinthecorrectalphabeticalposition after Austroads2009lGuideto InsertRTA1999,Roaddesignguide,section4,intersectionsat grade,May1999Issue1.0,RoadsandTraffic Authority,Sydney,NSW.inthecorrectalphabeticalposition afterQueenslandDepartment

InsertRoadsandTrafficAuthorityofNewSouthWales2002, TechnicalDirectionTD2002/RS02:PolicyforSafetyScreening ofBridges,RoadSafetyandRoadUserManagementSection, RoadNetworkInfrastructureBranch,RoadsandTraffic AuthorityofNewSouthWales,Sydney.inthecorrect alphabeticalpositionafterRTA1999 AppendixA EXAMPLEOFRAMPSPEEDANALYSIS Paragraph2 InsertThisconceptisbasedontheOperatingSpeedModel (referSection3.5ofAustroads2009a).aftertheR30curve andbeforeThemaximumdecrease

AdditionalParagraph6 InsertDesignersshouldbeawarethatwheretheOperating SpeedModelisimplemented,itisimportantthatappropriate superelevationtransitionsmustapply.asanadditional paragraphaftertheParagraph5.

AppendixB

RAMPTERMINALLOCATION DeleteAppendixB

AppendixC

EXAMPLESOFRAMPSIGNALLAYOUTS Noamendments

UNCONTROLLED WHEN PRINTED

26 (27 pages)

RTA Supplement

Guide to (Austroads)

______________________________________________________________________________________________

Commentary 1 C1.1 C1.2

STAGEDDEVELOPMENTOFROADS Paragraph2 Replaceexpresswaywithfreewayafteris,bycreatingand beforeconditionsinitially. StagedDevelopmentofInterchanges Noamendments

C1.2.1 C1.2.2

GeneralConsiderations Noamendments FactorstoConsider Noamendments Noamendments Noamendments DeleteentireCommentary4Notused Noamendments Noamendments

Commentary 2 Commentary 3 Commentary 4 Commentary 5 Commentary 6

UNCONTROLLED WHEN PRINTED

27 (27 pages)