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12

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14

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16

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18
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20

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jrefrmEdkifiH\ jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfudk teD;Munfhta0;Munfh 23

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28

30

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32

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34

(Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion,


or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of
speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.)

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36

pmNy;D &uf - 'DZifbm 4 ? 2012


jynfoaYl cwf*sme,f ? twGJ (3 )? trSwf (127) ? Zefe0g&D(3)? (2013)

38

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udk qufvufaqG;aEG;p&mrvdak wmhwt
hJ aMumif; (To end the debate) rJ

40

atmif'if

jrefrmEdkifiH\ jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfudk teD;Munfhta0;Munfh 43

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42

44

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Muwmyg/ jrefrmEdkifiHvTwfawmfrSmvnf; vmr,fh2015 a&G;aumufyGJ


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jrefrmEdkifiH\ jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfudk teD;Munfhta0;Munfh 45

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46

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atmif'if

48

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jrefrmEdkifiH\ jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfudk teD;Munfhta0;Munfh 49


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jrefrmEdkifiH\ jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfudk teD;Munfhta0;Munfh 51

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jynfoaYl cwf*sme,f ? twGJ (3 )? trSwf (130) ? Zefe0g&D(24)? (2013)

atmif'if

54

jrefrmEdkifiH\ jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfudk teD;Munfhta0;Munfh 55

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jrefrmEdkifiH\ jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfudk teD;Munfhta0;Munfh 61

62

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84

pmNy;D &uf - azazmf0g&D 8 ? 2013


jynfoaYl cwf*sme,f ? twGJ (3 )? trSwf (134) ? azazmf0g&D(21)? (2013)

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90

pmNy;D &uf - azazmf0g&D 10 ? 2013


jynfoaYl cwf*sme,f ? twGJ (3 )? trSwf (135) ? azazmf0g&D(28)? (2013)

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102

(2) c&D;oGm;vmjcif; (Travel)


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atmif'if

jrefrmEdkifiH\ jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfudk teD;Munfhta0;Munfh 105

(c) ukefusp&dwfwm0ef,lrnhf tzGJUtpnf;u tar&duefwuokdvf?


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104

atmif'if

jrefrmEdkifiH\ jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfudk teD;Munfhta0;Munfh 107

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106

(4) a&G;aumufyq
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134

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uG,af &;OD;pD;csKyrf S trnfpm&if;wifoiG ;f onhf wyfrawmfom; ud,
k pf m;
vS,rf sm;jzihf zGUJ pnf;&rnfvYkd jy|mef;xm;ygw,f/ qkad wmh jynfe,fvw
T f
awmfwpfcrk mS jynfe,fwiG ;f rS wkid ;f &if;om;ud,
k pf m;vS,rf sm;u av;yHk
oH;k yH?k wyfrawmfu,
kd pf m;vS,rf sm;u av;yHw
k pfyykH g0ifygw,f/ wkid ;f &if;
om;vlrsKd ;pkrsm; awmif;qdak eMuwJh ud,
k yf idk jf y|mef;cGiq
hf w
kd m oufqidk &f m
jynfe,f&UJ Oay'jyKvw
T af wmfukd oufqidk &f mwkid ;f &if;om;ud,
k pf m;vS,f
rsm;eJY vGwv
f yfpmG a&G;aumufwifajrm ufzUJG pnf;Ny;D jynfe,fta&;udp
awGukd Ekid if aH wmfzUJG pnf;yHt
k ajccHOya'u ay;tyfxm;wJh Oya'jyKciG hf
abmifxu
J aevGwv
f yfpmG Oya'jyKjy|mef;cGiu
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uG,af &;OD;pD;csKyu
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k pf m;vS,f 25 &mcdik f
EIe;f u jynfe,fvw
T af wmfxrJ mS ae&m,lNy;D jynfe,fvw
T af wmf&UJ Oya'jyK
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pmNy;D &uf - rwf 28 ? 2013


jynfoaYl cwf*sme,f ? twGJ (3 )? trSwf (141) ? {NyD (11)? (2013)

atmif'if

138

EkdifiHawmforw
wm0ef,lNyD;awmUcefhtyfwJU
jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyfrsm;xJrSm
u&ifjynfe,f0efBuD;csKyf[m
a&G;aumufcu
H ,
kd pf m;vS,rf [kwyf g/
wyfrawmfu,
kd pf m;vS,jf zpfygw,f/
jynfe,fawGrSm
'DvdktcGifUta&;rsKd;
bmaMumifUr&&ovJqdkwm
ar;cGef;xkwfp&mjzpfvmygw,f/

jrefrmEdkifiH\ jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfudk teD;Munfhta0;Munfh 139

vTwfawmfESifU Nidrf;csrf;a&; (*)


jynfe,fOya'jyKcGifh
1947 zGUJ pnf;yHt
k ajccHOya'&JU pm&if; (2)? jynfe,fOya'jyKpm&if;
]](1) zGUJ pnf;tkycf sKyyf t
kH ajccHOya'qkid &f mudpr sm;}} qkw
d ahJ cgif;pOfatmuf
rSm jynfe,faumifpD (odrYk [kw)f jynfe,fvw
T af wmfrsm;udk Ekid if aH wmf
zGUJ pnf;yHt
k ajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csurf sm;udrk qefu
Y sib
f J jynfe,fqidk &f m
zGUJ pnf;yHt
k ajccHOya'jyKciG ?hf tcgtm;avsmpf mG jyifqifciG ahf y;xm;ygw,f/
jynfe,fOya'jyKtzGUJ a&G;aumufwifajrm ufjcif;? jynfe,f0efxrf;&mxl;
rsm;ESifh jynfe,f&mxl;cefx
Y m;a&;tzGUJ rsm;? jynfe,ftNird ;f pm;vpmaiGrsm;?
txl;ojzihf jynfe,fuay;&rnfjzpfaom odrYk [kwf jynfe,ftcGeb
f @m
awmfrsm;rS ay;&rnfjzpfaom tNird ;f pm;vpmaiGrsm;? jynfe,faumifpD
Ou|eJaY umifp0D ifrsm;? jynfe,ftpd;k &tzG0YJ if 0efBu;D rsm;&JUvpmeJY cHpm;
cGirhf sm;qkid &f m Oya'jyKciG ahf wG tyfEiS ;f xm;ygw,f/2008 zGUJ pnf;yHt
k &
,if;udpr sm;tm;vH;k udk jynfaxmifpv
k w
T af wmfuyJq;kH jzwfygw,f/ jynf
e,frsm;rSm udk,fydkifjynfe,fzGJUpnf;yHka&;qGJjy|mef;cGihfr&Sdyg/
tar&duefjynfaxmifprk mS jynfe,ftm;vH;k rSm ud,
k yf idk jf ynfe,f
zGUJ pnf;yHt
k ajccHOya'awG&MdS uNy;D oufqidk &f m jynfe,fvw
T af wmfrsm;u

atmif'if

jrefrmEdkifiH\ jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfudk teD;Munfhta0;Munfh 141

a&;qG?J jyifqif? jy|mef;Muwmyg/ tar&duefjynfaxmifprk mS yg0ifwhJ jynf


e,frsm;tm;vH;k [m jynfaxmifpzk UJG pnf;yHt
k ajccHOya'yg tcsut
f vuf
rsm;udrk qefu
Y sib
f J jynfe,fqidk &f mzGUJ pnf;yHrk sm;a&;qGcJ iG &hf NdS y;D tJ'jD ynfe,f
zGUJ pnf;yHrk mS jynfe,ftqihaf &G;aumufyrJG sm;? jynfe,ftyk cf sKyaf &;? Oya'
jyKa&;? w&m;pD&ifa&;? ynma&;? b@ma&;? vHNk cKH a&;? pnfyifom,ma&;
pwJh jynfe,fqidk &f m ta&;udpa wGukd jy|mef;xm;ygw,f/ jynfe,frsm;
omruyg/ jynfe,frsm;twGi;f rSmyg0ifMuwJh aumifw(D ckid )f rsm;? NrKd Ursm;
&JU aumifprD sm;[mvnf; oufqidk &f m aumifweD YJ NrKd UawmfzUJG pnf;yHrk sm;
a&;qGJcGifh&SdMuygw,f/
1947 zGUJ pnf;yHt
k ajccHOya'rSm cGijhf yKxm;wJh jynfe,faumifprD sm;
Oya'jyKciG rhf sm;txJrmS aemufx;l jcm;wJh Oya'jyKciG u
hf awmh ]]vHNk cKH a&;}}
yg/ ]]vHNk cKH a&;}} qdw
k ahJ cgif;pOfatmufrmS ]]jynfoNYl ird 0f yfyjd ym;a&; (odaYk omf
NrKd Ujytkycf sKyrf w
I iG u
f ek ;f wyf? a&wyf? avwyfut
kd oH;k jyKjcif;ryg)?aus;&Gm
ykvyd t
f ygt0ifjzpfaom ykvyd ?f jynfe,fqidk &f mw&m;pD&ifa&;pepfeYJ A[dk
w&m;H;k &JUvufatmufcjH ynfe,ftwGi;f w&m;H;k rsm;tqihq
f ihzf UJG pnf;rI?
jynfe,ftusO;f axmifrsm;eJY jypfru
I sL;vGeo
f rl sm;tm; ta&;,ljcif;}} pwJh
udpa wGudk Oya'jyKciG afh y;xm;ygw,f/ 2008 zGUJ pnf;yHrk mS awmh jynfe,f
vTwaf wmfrsm;[m tqkyd gudpr sm;udk Oya'jyKciG rhf &yg/ wkid ;f &if;om;
vlrsKd ;pkrsm; awmif;qdak ewJh ud,
k yf idk jf y|mef;cGiq
fh w
kd m jynfaxmifpx
k u
J
cGrJ xGub
f ?J jynfaxmifpzk UJG pnf;yHt
k ajccHOya'udk rqefu
Y sib
f ?J ud,
k fh
jynfe,fta&;udpu
kd ud,
k b
fh mompDrcH efcY cJG iG ?fh ud,
k o
hf momOya'jyKciG fh
yg/ 2008 zGUJ pnf;yHt
k ajccHOya'u jynfe,fvw
T af wmfawG zGUJ pnf;cGiahf y;
xm;ayrJh udk,fydkifjy|mef;cGihfukdawmh cGihfrjyKxm;yg/

tkycf sKycf iG q
fh &dk mrSm jynfe,fwiG ;f vHNk cKH a&;twGuf oufqikd &f m jynfe,f
rsm;tvdu
k f jynfe,ftpd;k &vufatmufcH vHNk cKH a&;wyfzUJG rsm; zGUJ pnf;cGiefh YJ
jynfaxmifpt
k pd;k &eJY jynfaxmifpw
k yfrawmfu jynfe,fqidk &f mvHNk cKH a&;
udpa wGrmS jynfe,ftpk;d &&JUzdwaf c:csurf &Sb
d J 'grSr[kwf wpfEidk if v
H ;kH udk
ysUH ESEYH idk w
f hJ ta&;ay:tajctaersKd ;r&Sb
d J 0ifa&mufrpGuzf ufzq
Ydk w
kd m
ta&;BuD;wJhvdktyfcsufyg/
vufeufuikd w
f idk ;f &if;om;tiftm;pkrsm;eJY Nird ;f csr;f a&;aqG;aEG;&mrSm
jrefrmtpd;k &bufuwifjywJh tcsuw
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udik w
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f rd ;f Ny;D 2008 zGUJ pnf;yHek t
YJ nD wpfcw
k nf;aom
vufeufuikd w
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G af &;yg/ 'gtifrwef
ta&;Bu;D wJt
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vkt
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f yfzUJG rsm;tm;vH;k zsuo
f rd ;f Ny;D wpfck
wnf;aom jynfaxmifpw
k yfrawmfzUJG pnf;a&;yg/ wpfzufrmS vnf; vuf
eufuidk w
f yfrsm;eJt
Y iftm;wnfaqmufNy;D ESpaf ygif;rsm;pGm&yfwnfcMhJ uwJh
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Ydk rSo
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d f u
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&Gu&f efjzpfNy;D ta&;ay:tajctaewpf&yfay:aygufvm&if jynfaxmifpk
tpd;k &&JUtrdeeYf YJ jynfaxmifpw
k yfrawmf&UJ atmufrmS wm0efxrf;aqmif
&efjzpfygw,f/ oufqidk &f m wkid ;f &if;om;vufeufuidk w
f yfzUJG acgif;aqmif

140

jynfe,f&w
J yfzYJG (odrhk [kw)f jynfe,fqidk &f m vHNk cKH a&;wyfzrYJG sm;zJpYG nf;cGiUf
1947 zGUJ pnf;yHrk mS jynfe,fqidk &f m &JwyfzUJG (odrYk [kw)f vHNk cKH a&;
wyfzUJG rsm; zGUJ pnf;cGiahf y;xm;ayrJh 2008 zGUJ pnf;yHrk mS awmh jynfe,fvNkH cKH
a&;udpa wGujdk ynfaxmifpt
k pd;k &&JU umuG,af &;0efBu;D Xme? jynfxaJ &;
0efBuD;|mersm;u wm0ef,lxm;ygw,f/ wkdif;&if;om;rsm;&JU udk,fykdif

atmif'if

jrefrmEdkifiH\ jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfudk teD;Munfhta0;Munfh 143

rsm;taeeJv
Y nf; awmif;qdw
k t
hJ cGit
hf a&;rsm;&vkYd Nird ;f csr;f a&; wnf
aqmufzYdk oabmwlNyq
D &kd if olw&Ydk UJ wyfawGukd jynfe,fvNkH cKH a&;wyfzUJG
rsm;tjzpf toGifajymif;zJGUpnf;cGihfjyK&rSmjzpfNyD; olwkdYudk,fwkdifuawmh
wyfupkd eG cYf mG &rSmyg/ jynfe,ftpk;d & tmPm&csi&f if vlxak xmufcrH u
I kd
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JG wpfqihBf uKd ;yrf;&rSmyg/ Nird ;f csr;f
a&; oabmwlnND y;D wJah emuf b,fwidk ;f &if;om;acgif;aqmifrS jynfoYl
ppfvekd mrnfrsKd ;eJY cg;ydu
k af qmifwyfawG rydik q
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f ihyf g/ wkid ;f &if;om;
acgif;aqmifawGu ud,
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k af qmifwyfawGeYJ jynfwiG ;f rSmw&m;0if
&yfwnfae&ifvx
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atmif'if

jrefrmEdkifiH\ jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfudk teD;Munfhta0;Munfh 145

rsm;jzihzf UJG pnf;Ny;D jynfe,fvw


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144

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146

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k yfrawmfukd Munf;wyf? a&wyf? avwyf? r&de;f
wyf? urf;ajcapmifw
h yfrsm;eJY zGpYJ nf;xm;Ny;D wyfzUGJ tm;vH;k rSm ppfO;D pD;csKyf
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ygw,f/ tkycf sKyaf &;tmPmudk vlxu
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orwxH? Oya'jyKtmPmudk jynfou
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T af wmfeYJ A[dw
k &m;H;k csKyq
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f zGUJ tpnf;oH;k ck tjyeftvSex
f ed ;f ausmif;
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T af wmfrmS Oya'jyKrt
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rsm;udk tpd;k &tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;u rSerf eS u
f efueftaumiftxnfazmfjcif;
&Sd r&S?d csrw
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f m;wJh bwf*surkd eS rf eS u
f efuef oH;k roH;k pHpk rf;ppfaq;Edik w
f hJ
tmPm(Oversight authority)vnf; &Syd gw,f/ 'gaMumifv
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apygw,f/ axmufvrS ;f a&;tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;u vTwaf wmfaxmufvrS ;f a&;
aumfrwD&UJ apmifMh unfrh aI tmufrmS (Jurisdiction) &SNd y;D vufeufuikd f
wyfzUJG rsm;u vTwaf wmfvufeufuikd w
f yfzUJG rsm;qdik &f m aumfrwD&UJ apmifh
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f yfzUJG rsm;eJY axmufvrS ;f
a&;tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;[mvnf; tpd;k &&JU tpdwt
f ydik ;f awGrYkd vTwaf wmfu
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jzpfNy;D a&;&maumfrwDrsm;&JU tcef;u@[m Bu;D Bu;D rm;rm; r&Sad o;yg/


tNrw
J rf;aumfrwDav;ckuvG&J if useaf &;&maumfrwDrsm; tm;vH;k [m
vTwaf wmfOu|rsm;&JUtvdq
k EeYJ zGUJ pnf;wJh wpfEpS o
f ufwrf;&Sd ,m,D
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wm0efrsm;[mvnf; usOf;ajrmif;vSygw,f/ NyD;awmh tar&duefjynf
axmifpk uGe*f &ufvw
T af wmfrmS vdk vufeufuikd w
f yfzUJG rsm;qdik &f maumf
rwDw?Ykd axmufvrS ;f a&;tzGUJ rsm;qdik &f maumfrwDwYkd jrefrmEdik if &H UJ jynf
axmifpv
k w
T af wmfrmS vH;k 0r&Sad o;yg/
wpfcg jrefrmEdik if rH mS wyfrawmf[m oD;jcm;tmPmydik t
f zGUJ tpnf;
wpfcjk zpfaeNy;D Edik if aH wmforw? jynfaxmifpv
k w
T af wmfeYJ jynfaxmifpk
w&m;vTwaf wmfcsKyw
f x
Ykd ufawmif ydNk y;D tmPmBu;D rm;aeygw,f/ 2008
zGUJ pnf;yHt
k ajccHOya' yk'rf 11? yk'rf cGJ (u)rSm ]]Edik if aH wmftcsKyt
f jcm
tmPm\ cufroH;k jzmjzpfonfh Oya'jyKa&;tmPm? tkycf sKyaf &;tmPm
ESihf w&m;pD&ifa&;tmPmwdu
Yk kd wwfEikd o
f rQ ydik ;f jcm;oH;k pGjJ cif;ESifh tcsi;f
csi;f tjyeftvSex
f ed ;f ausmif;jcif;wdYk jyKonf}}vdYk jy|mef;xm;ayrJh tJ'D
tmPmoH;k &yftay:rSm wyfrawmf&UJ vTr;f rd;k Edik cf iG ahf wGuv
kd nf; jy|mef;
xm;jyefygw,f/ 'gaMumifrh Ykd jrefrmEdik if rH mS umuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyrf sm;?
axmufvrS ;f a&; tBu;D tuJrsm; jynfaxmifpv
k w
T af wmfu,
kd pf m;vS,rf sm;
a&SUarSmufrmS tppfaq;cHEikd w
f hJ tajctaersKd ;udk rawGUrjrif&ao;
aMumif;yg/

216

jrefrmEdkifiHrSmawmU rjrifao;yg
jrefrmEdik if &H UJ jynfaxmifpv
k w
T af wmfrmS 'Dvt
kd ajctaersKd ;jzpfvmzdYk
udk avmavmq,fawmh OD;rif;udEk ikd af jymovdyk rJ jrifao;yg/ jynfaxmifpk
vTwaf wmfrmS vnf; tmPmudk vTwaf wmfOu|rsm;uom csKyu
f ikd x
f m;qJ

pmNy;D &uf - ZGef 23 ? 2013


jynfoaYl cwf*sme,f ? twGJ (3 )? trSwf (152) ? Zlvikd f (4)? (2013)

atmif'if

218

"mwfyHk-rdk;aZmfodrf;(ADvm;)

jrefrmEdkifiH\ jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfudk teD;Munfhta0;Munfh 219

"mwfyHk-tifwmeuf

vTwfawmfESifh Mum;jzwfa&G;aumufyGJrsm;

jynfolYvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f
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a&G;aumufyGJaumfr&SifOu|
OD;wifat;/

2013 ckEpS ?f ZGev


f 26 &ufaeYuusi;f ywJh jynfov
Yl w
T af wmf tpnf;
ta0;rSm jynfolYvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fESpfa,mufu Mum;jzwf a&G;
aumufyrJG sm;usi;f ya&;eJY ywfoufNy;D ar;cGe;f rsm; ar;Muygw,f/ tJ'D
ud,
k pf m;vS,Ef pS af ,mufu ykord Nf rKd Ue,frq
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dk a&pDtzGUJ csKy)f eJY ajryHrk q
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f idk ;f &if;om;rsm;
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awmh usi;f yay;rvJqw
kd myg/ olw&Ykd UJ ar;cGe;f awGukd jynfaxmifpk a&G;
aumufyaJG umfr&SiOf u|OD;wifat;u aumfr&Siu
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kd pf m;ajzMum;ygw,f/
OD;wifat;u jynfov
Yl w
T af wmfu,
kd pf m;vS,f 6 ae&m? trsKd ;om; vTwf
awmfu,
kd pf m;vS,f 4 ae&meJY wdik ;f a'oBu;D eJY jynfe,fvw
T af wmf ud,
k pf m;
vS,f 5 ae&m vpfvyfaeaMumif;? 'gayrJh a&G;aumufyaJG umfr&Sit
f aeeJY
2015 a&G;aumufyt
JG wGuf BuKd wifjyifqifraI wG vkyaf e&wmaMumifh
'Dvpfvyfae&mawGtwGuf Mum;jzwfa&G;aumufyaJG wGusi;f yzdYk tpDtpOf
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atmif'if

jrefrmEdkifiH\ jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfudk teD;Munfhta0;Munfh 221

(u) raMunmaom vpfvyfrJqEe,frsm;


2008 zGUJ pnf;yHt
k ajccHOya't& a&G;aumufcu
H ,
kd pf m;vS,f ta&
twGu[
f m jynfov
Yl w
T af wmfrmS 330 rJqEe,feYJ trsKd ;om;vTwaf wmfrmS
168 rJqEe,f &Syd gw,f/ 'gayrhJ 2010 ckEpS ?f Ed0k ifbmv 7 &ufaeYrmS
ygwDp'kH rD u
kd a&pDa&G;aumufyrJG sm;usi;f y&mrSm trsK;d om;vTwaf wmf rJqE
e,ftm;vH;k rSm usi;f yEdik cf ahJ yrJh jynfov
Yl w
T af wmf a&G;aumufyrJG sm;udk
awmh rJqEe,f 325 ckrmS om usi;f yEdik cf yhJ gw,f/ &Sr;f jynfe,f ajrmuf
ydik ;f u ]]0}}ud,
k yf ikd t
f yk cf sKycf iG &hf wkid ;f xJrmS yg0ifwrhJ ikd ;f arm? yef0ikd ;f ? em;zef?
yefqef;NrKd e,frsm;eJY &Sr;f jynfe,fta&SUydik ;f urdik ;f vm; NrKd Ue,f pwJrh q
J E
e,f 5 ckrmS jynfov
Yl w
T af wmfa&G;aumufyJG rusi;f yEdik cf yhJ g/ tJ'ND rKd Ue,f
5 ckrSm &Srf;jynfe,f vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f a&G;aumufyJGrsm;vnf;
rusif;yEkdifcJhyg/
OD;wifat;OD;aqmifwhJ a&G;aumufyaJG umfr&Siu
f 2012 ckEpS f {Nyv
D
1 &ufaeYrmS usi;f ywJh Mum;jzwfa&G;aumufyrJG wdik cf ifrmS vpfvyfae&m
rsm;udk aMunmawmh jynfov
Yl w
T af wmf rJqEe,f 40 ae&m? trsKd ;om;
vTwfawmf rJqEe,f 6 ae&meJY wdkif;a'oBuD;eJY jynfe,fvTwfawmf
rJqEe,f 2 ae&m vpfvyfw,fvYdk aMunmcJyh gw,f/ &Sr;f jynfe,fu
5 NrKd Ue,frmS jynfov
Yl w
T af wmfu,
dk pf m;vS,f 5 ae&meJY jynfe,fvw
T af wmf
ud,
k pf m;vS,f 10 ae&m vpfvyfaeqJjzpfw,fqw
dk mukd raMunmcJyh g/
2012 ckEpS f {Nyv
D 1 &ufaeYrmS usi;f ywJh Mum;jzwfa&G;aumufyrJG mS vnf;
aMunmxm;wJh jynfolYvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f ae&m 40 xJu 37
ae&myJ a&G;aumufyu
JG si;f yEkid cf NhJ y;D ucsijf ynfe,fu zm;uef?Y Aef;armfeYJ
rd;k aumif;NrKd Ue,f rJqEe,frsm;rSm a&G;aumufyrJG usi;f yEkid cf yhJ g/
2013 ckEpS f ZGev
f 26 &ufaeYrmS OD;wifat;u jynfov
Yl w
T af wmfrmS
ajzMum;&mrSm jynfov
Yl w
T af wmfrq
J Ee,f 6 ae&m ([m;cg;NrKd Ue,f? uHr
NrdKUe,f? a&eHacsmif;NrdKUe,f? rif;jym;NrdKUe,f? '*HkNrdKUopfawmifydkif;NrdKUe,f?
yef;waemfNrKd Ue,f) trsKd ;om;vTwaf wmfrq
J Ee,f 4 ae&m (ppfuikd ;f wkid ;f
a'oBu;D trsKd ;om;vTwaf wmfrq
J Ee,f trSw-f 2? weoFm&Dwidk ;f a'o
Bu;D trsKd ;om;vTwaf wmfrq
J Ee,f trSw-f 2? &efuek w
f idk ;f a'oBu;D trsKd ;

om;vTwaf wmf rJqEe,f trSw-f 6 eJY &cdik jf ynfe,f trsKd ;om;vTwaf wmf
rJqEe,f trSw-f 4) eJY wdik ;f a'oBu;D eJY jynfe,fvw
T af wmf rJqEe,f
5 ae&m (0dik ;f armfNrKd Ue,fjynfe,fvw
T af wmfrq
J Ee,f trSw-f 2? *GNrKd Ue,f
jynfe,fvTwfawmf rJqEe,f trSwf-2? wmcsDvdwfNrdKUe,f jynfe,f
vTwaf wmfrq
J Ee,f trSw-f 2? rkid ;f a,mif;NrKUd e,f jynfe,fvw
T af wmf
rJqEe,f trSw-f 1? a&MunfNrKd Ue,f wkid ;f a'oBu;D vTwaf wmf rJqEe,f
trSw-f 1) vpfvyfaew,fvYdk ajzMum;oGm;ygw,f/ OD;wifat;wifjywJh
pm&if;xJrmS 2010a&G;aumufyu
JG wnf;u vpfvyfaewJh &Sr;f jynfe,fu
5 NrKd Ue,f jynfov
Yl w
T af wmfeYJ jynfe,fvw
T af wmf rJqEe,frsm;? 2012
Mum;jzwf a&G;aumufyrJG mS vpfvyfwhJ ucsijf ynfe,fu jynfov
Yl w
T af wmf
rJqEe,frsm; ryg0ifyg/
'gaMumihrf Ydk 'DaeY trSew
f u,f vpfvyfaewJh vTwaf wmfrq
J Ee,f
rsm;rSm OD;wifat; wifjywmxuf rsm;aeygw,f/ pkpak ygif; 33 ae&m
&Syd gw,f/ atmufygZ,m;ukd Munhyf g/
jynfolYvTwfawmfvpfvyfrJqEe,fajrrsm; (14 ae&m)
1/ yef0kdif;NrdKUe,f (&Srf;jynfe,f)
2/ rdkif;armNrdKUe,f (&Srf;jynfe,f)
3/ em;zefNrKd Ue,f (&Sr;f jynfe,f)
4/ yefqef;NrKUd e,f (&Sr;f jynfe,f)
5/ rdik ;f vm;NrKd Ue,f (&Sr;f jynfe,f)
6/ zm;uefNY rKd Ue,f (ucsijf ynfe,f)
7/ Aef;armfNrKd Ue,f (ucsijf ynfe,f)
8/ rk;d aumif;NrKd Ue,f (ucsijf ynfe,f)
9/ [m;cg;NrKd Ue,f (csi;f jynfe,f)
10/ uHrNrKd Ue,f (rauG;wkid ;f a'oBu;D )
11/ rif;jym;NrKd Ue,f (&cdik jf ynfe,f)
12/ a&eHacsmif;NrKd Ue,f (rauG;wkid ;f a'oBu;D )
13/ '*HkNrdKUopfawmifykdif;NrdKUe,f (&efukefwkdif;a'oBuD;)
14/ yef;waemfNrKd Ue,f ({&m0wDwidk ;f a'oBu;D )

220

atmif'if

jrefrmEdkifiH\ jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfudk teD;Munfhta0;Munfh 223

trsdK;om;vTwfawmfvpfvyfrJqEe,f (4 ae&m)
1/ ppfuikd ;f wkid ;f a'oBu;D trsKd ;om;vTwaf wmfrq
J Ee,f trSw-f 2
2/ weoFm&Dwidk ;f a'oBu;D trsKd ;om;vTwaf wmfrq
J Ee,ftrSw-f 2
3/ &efuek w
f idk ;f a'oBu;D trsKd ;om;vTwaf wmfrq
J Ee,f trSw-f 6
4/ &cdik jf ynfe,ftrsKd ;om;vTwaf wmfrq
J Ee,f trSw-f 4

awG[m jynfov
Yl w
T af wmf? trsKd ;om;vTwaf wmfeYJ wkid ;f a'oBu;D ^
jynfe,fvw
T af wmfrsm;udk ud,
k pf m;vS,af pvTwcf iG fh qH;k H;I ygw,f/ OD;wif
at;u ]]jynfaxmifpak &G;aumufyJG aumfr&Sio
f nf 2015 ckEpS t
f wGi;f
usi;f yrnfh ygwDp'kH rD u
kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyt
JG m; vGwv
f yf
w&m;rQwpGmusi;f yEkid af &;BuKd wifjyifqifjcif;rsm;udk aqmif&u
G af e&wmrdYk
tenf;i,fom vpfvyfvsu&f adS om rJqEe,fajrrsm;twGuf Mum;jzwf
a&G;aumufyrJG sm;usi;f yay;&ef avmavmq,ftpDtpOfr&Sad o;aMumif;}}
twdtvif; jyefMum;cJNh yrD Ykd 'Drq
J Ee,fajr 33 cku jynfoal wG[m vTwf
awmfu,
kd pf m;vS,rf hJ jynforl sm;b0eJY 2015 ckEpS f aemufwpfBurd f
a&G;aumufyrJG sm;usi;f ycsed t
f xd ae&r,fv
h uPm &Sad eygw,f/
'Dae&mrSm tm;enf;csuw
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umv owfrw
S u
f si;f yEdik af &;twGuf jy|mef;csurf sm;udk 2008 zGUJ pnf;yHk
tajccHOya'rSma&m vTwaf wmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya'rsm;rSmyg xnho
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JG w
kd m a&G;
aumufyaJG umfr&Si&f UJ qH;k jzwfcsuef YJ oifah wmfovdk pDpOfusi;f yEdik Nf y;D
roifah wmfb;l xif&if rusi;f yEkikd cf iG &hf adS eygw,f/ wpfenf;tm;jzifh vlxk
&JU oufqidk &f m Oya'jyKvw
T af wmfrsm;xHu,
kd pf m;vS,af &G;cs,f apvTwf
cGiq
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jzihf 2008 zGUJ pnf;yHt
k ajccHOya' tcef; 8 ]]Ekid if o
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rlvtcGit
fh a&;ESifh wm0efrsm;}}? yk'rf 347 rSm jy|mef;xm;wJh ]]Ekid if aH wmf
onf rnfou
Yl rdk qdk Oya't&mwGif wef;wlnrD QtcGit
hf a&;&&Sad p&rnf/
xkdYjyif Oya'\tumtuG,fukdvnf; wef;wlnDrQpGm&,lydkifcGifhay;&
rnf}} qdw
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dk f u csKd ;azmufvu
dk o
f vdyk gyJ/
tar&duefjynfaxmifprk mS awmh Mum;jzwfa&G;aumufyrJG sm;ukd jynfe,f
tkycf sKyaf &;rSL; (State's Governor) rsm;u qH;k jzwfusi;f yygw,f/
jynfe,ftvdu
k f zGUJ pnf;yHt
k ajccHOya'rsm;t& uGjJ ym;rItenf;i,f&adS yrJh
a,bk,stm;jzihf oufqidk &f mjynfe,frmS vpfvyfomG ;wJh atmufvw
T f
awmftrwf odrYk [kwf txufvw
T af wmftrwfrsm;twGuf Mum;jzwf
a&G;aumufyrJG sm;udk oufqikd &f m jynfe,ftyk cf sKyaf &;rSL;rsm;u vpfvyf

222

wkdif;a'oBuD;ESihfjynfe,fvTwfawmfvpfvyfrJqEe,frsm; (15 ae&m)


1/ yef0idk ;f NrKd Ue,f jynfe,fvw
T af wmfrq
J Ee,ftrSwf 1 (&Sr;f jynfe,f)
2/ yef0ikd ;f NrKd Ue,f jynfe,fvw
T af wmfrq
J Ee,ftrSwf 2 (&Sr;f jynfe,f)
3/ rdik ;f armNrKd Ue,f jynfe,fvw
T af wmfrq
J Ee,ftrSwf 1 (&Sr;f jynfe,f)
4/ rdik ;f armNrKd Ue,f jynfe,fvw
T af wmfrq
J Ee,ftrSwf 2 (&Sr;f jynfe,f)
5/ em;zefNrKd Ue,f jynfe,fvw
T af wmfrq
J Ee,ftrSwf 1 (&Sr;f jynfe,f)
6/ em;zefNrKd Ue,f jynfe,fvw
T af wmfrq
J Ee,ftrSwf 2 (&Sr;f jynfe,f)
7/ yefqef;NrKd Ue,f jynfe,fvw
T af wmfrq
J Ee,ftrSwf 1 (&Sr;f jynfe,f)
8/ yefqef;NrKd Ue,f jynfe,fvw
T af wmfrq
J Ee,ftrSwf 2 (&Sr;f jynfe,f)
9/ rdik ;f vm;NrKd Ue,f jynfe,fvw
T af wmfrq
J Ee,ftrSwf 1 (&Sr;f jynfe,f)
10/ rdik ;f vm;NrKd Ue,f jynfe,fvw
T af wmfrq
J Ee,ftrSwf 2 (&Sr;f jynfe,f)
11/ a&MunfNrKd Ue,f wkid ;f a'oBu;D vTwaf wmf rJqEe,ftrSwf 1
({&m0wDwidk ;f a'oBu;D )
12/ 0kid ;f armfNrKd Ue,f jynfe,fvw
T af wmf rJqEe,ftrSwf 2
(ucsifjynfe,f)
13/ *GNrKd Ue,f jynfe,fvw
T af wmfrq
J Ee,ftrSwf 2 (&cdik jf ynfe,f)
14/ rdik ;f a,mif;NrKd Ue,f jynfe,fvw
T af wmf rJqEe,ftrSwf 1
(&Srf;jynfe,f)
15/ wmcsv
D w
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T af wmf rJqEe,ftrSwf 2
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(c) rvHkavmufaom taMumif;jycsuf
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uGe*f &ufvw
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a&TUqkid ;f cJ&h wJh &Sr;f jynfe,fu jynfov


Yl w
T af wmf rJqEe,f 5 ae&meJY
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f iG ;f aMunmjcif; r&Syd g/ wpfcf g
tJ'D rJqEe,fawGtjyif 2012 Mum;jzwfa&G;aumufyrJG mS rusi;f yEkid f
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OD;wifat;&JU 2013 ckEpS f ZGev
f 26 &ufaeY jynfov
Yl w
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ucsijf ynfe,frmS 3 NrKd Ue,f? jynfov
Yl w
T af wmfu,
kd pf m;vS,f 8 ae&m?
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tajccHOya' yk'rf 441 rSm ]]zGUJ pnf;yHt
k ajccHOya'onf jynfaxmifpk
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ucsijf ynfe,fu 3 NrKd Ue,frmS tajccHOya'tmPm oufa&mufr&I w
dS m
rawGU&ao;yg/

(*) zGJYpnf;yHktajccHOya' tmPmoufa&mufrIr&Sdaom e,fajrrsm;


2008 zGUJ pnf;yHt
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pmNy;D &uf - Zlvikd f 4 ? 2013


jynfoaYl cwf*sme,f ? twGJ (3 )? trSwf (153) ? Zlvikd f (11)? (2013)

224

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246

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jynfoaYl cwf*sme,f ? twGJ (3 )? trSwf (157) ? Mo*kwf (8)? (2013)

248

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pmNy;D &uf - Zlvikd f 29 ? 2013


jynfoaYl cwf*sme,f ? twGJ (3 )? trSwf (158) ? Mo*kwf (15)? (2013)

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254

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Master of International Service (MIS)

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