Вы находитесь на странице: 1из 4

Journal of Materials Processing Technology 155156 (2004) 19231926

Comparative wear characteristics of tin and tic coated and uncoated tool steel
A.E. Zeghni , M.S.J. Hashmi
NCPST-MPRC, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland

Abstract Wear characteristics of TiN and TiC coatings deposited by magnetron sputtering on D2 and D3 tool steels in contact dry sliding conditions have been investigated and compared to the uncoated. The thin lms (4 m) were characterised in their adhesion, hardness and chemically analysed. The results showed that TiC coated samples demonstrate greater wear resistance, with TiC D2 steel showed the best wear resistance. It was found that the substrate materials have an inuence on the hardness and wear resistance of the system. 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Keywords: TiN; TiC; Tool steels; Wear

1. Introduction Application of thin lms having high resistance to wear due to their hardness and high mechanical strength have been increasing in various industrial elds [1]. These areas of application of coatings and surface treatment in general are where the combination of the properties, both the substrate and treatment is required. Among many hard coatings TiN and TiC are the most widely used ceramics coatings in the cutting tools due to their high hardness and wear resistance, low coefcient of friction, high temperature strength and chemical stability [24]. Application of TiN and TiC by PVD or CVD to tool steel reduced the wear up to six times, wear testing of D3 steel showed that the wear of TiN coated D3 was between 4 and 24% of the uncoated samples depending on the surface roughness of the initial surface [5,6]. Sundquist et al. [6] proposed that increase in the wear resistance of tool life coated with TiN can be expected only when the roughness of the surface is less than the coating thickness. It is well known that the performance of the coating under wear conditions very far depending on the hardness and the quality of the coating deposited to the substrate. In the present study, a comparison made between wear resistance of TiC and TiN coatings applied on D2 andD3 tool steels using magnetron sputtering technique. Hardness and adhesion of coated samples, were measured and their inuence on wear resistance of the system investigated.
Corresponding author. E-mail addresses: adel.zeghni2@mail.dcu.ie (A.E. Zeghni), saleem.hashmi@dcu.ie (M.S.J. Hashmi). 0924-0136/$ see front matter 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2004.04.282

2. Experimental 2.1. Test apparatus and procedure Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of the wear test rig, which was developed to carry out impact and abrasion wear tests. It consists of substrate table with two clamps to hold the sample in apposition against a tungsten carbide wear tool (stylus) which xed in a tool holder by grove screw. A contacted arm is attached in one of its sides to the motor shaft (.75 kW, Hanning Elektro werkes) and from the other side hinged to the to the plate form which provides the sliding mechanism of the wear tool. As the motor shaft rotates, crank and connecting arm translates rotary motion into reciprocated motion and the plate form starts sliding. As the tool holder placed through the square hole in the platform, the stylus comes in contact with the sample surface to produce wear once the stylus slides. A revolution counter records the number of revolution of the motor out put shaft. The sample was clamed on the substrate table, the connecting arm adjusted for the desired sliding distance (20 mm). After setting the wear tool on the sample surface, the desired wear load (5 kg) applied. As the motor is switched on, the tool starts sliding and the revolution counter records the number of cycles which the sample subjected to in order to produce wear. After low number of cycles, the sample declamped and taken for wear measurement, then the process repeated until desired wear depth was attained. The wear loss of the coatings was too small to be resolved by weighing. Instead a stylus prolometer was used to measure the wear track depth. A Mitutoyo Surftest 402, Series 178 instrument, with added

1924

A.E. Zeghni, M.S.J. Hashmi / Journal of Materials Processing Technology 155156 (2004) 19231926

Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of the wear rig.

feature of chart recorder was used to measure the wear track depth. This provides prole and roughness of the surface. 2.2. Test material 2.2.1. Substrate material Two different, widely used in industry tool steels were used as substrate material. D2 and D3 high carbon high chromium cold-work steels were cut and prepared for coating. Table 1 shows the chemical composition and the hardness of the two materials. 2.2.2. Coating Materials TiC and TiN were commercially deposited using magnetron sputtering with a thickness (4 m) the typical process for these lms including: (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) wet cleaning; heating; etching; coating and cooling.

2.3.2. Hardness The micro hardness measurements were performed, using a Leitz Mini load Vickers hardness, indentations were made with 0.2 N load. 2.3.3. Chemical characterisation The lms were chemically characterised using X-Ray energy dispersive analysis (EDX). Where, the electron beam from the SEM serves to excite characteristic X-rays from the area of the specimen being probed [7]. The objective of the chemical characterisation was to measure the element composition of the coatings.

3. Results and discussion 3.1. Wear test results Coating is applied to the surfaces to increase its wear resistance. This can be indicated by less material loss of the coated material over the uncoated one. Wear track depth as function of number of cycles of coated and uncoated D2 and D3 steels are shown in Figs. 2 and 3. It was shown that the TiN coated surface demonstrated in general lower wear than uncoated surfaces. However, TiC coated surfaces demonstrated much lower wear than the uncoated surfaces. These gures also sowed that TiN and TiC surfaces worn out slower than the uncoated surfaces and TiC surfaces is the slower of all. It was observed that when the coating broken the wear rate increased and then it started again to be at the same level as of the uncoated surfaces. This may be explained as the coating broken the hard fragments acted as third body and increased the loss of material and when the coating was totally removed, wear became only of the substrate material. This leads to the suggestion that hard coatings may cause sever wear when they broken. The inuence of the substrate material can be shown in Fig. 4. Combination of D2 steel

2.3. Film Characterisation 2.3.1. Adhesion A Rockwell indenter (Indetec 8150bK) used to measure the quality of the adhesion of the lms by indentation method.
Table 1 Chemical composition of the tool steels Material Contents (%) C AISI D2 AISI D3 1.55 2.05 Si 0.3 0.3 Mn 0.3 0.8 Cr 12 12 Co 0.8 W 1.3 V 0.8 Hardness (Rc ) 63 60

A.E. Zeghni, M.S.J. Hashmi / Journal of Materials Processing Technology 155156 (2004) 19231926

1925

Fig. 2. Wear track depth vs. No. of cycles of coated and uncoated D2 tool steels.

to increase in the order TiN/D3 < TiN/D2 < TiC/D3 < TiC/D2.The lower hardness value of TiN/D3 sample corresponds with a lower wear resistance of this sample in the wear test conducted. 3.3. Chemical composition EDX analysis of the lms presented in Fig. 6 shows the element composition of 49.31 at.% Ti and 49.78 at.% C for TiC and 44.18 at.% Ti and 53.87 at.% N for TiN. 3.4. Adhesion The four samples which were evaluated for adhesion showed different adhesion quality by comparing the indentation pattern which scaled from HF1 to HF6 [9]. Fig. 7 shows the Rockwell indentation photographs with the magnication of 100 in all cases. TiN/D3 showed the poorest adhesion on the scale HF6, on the hand TiC/D2 showed the best of adhesion HF2. Adhesion results are consistent with hardness and wear results.

Fig. 3. Wear track depth vs. No. of cycles of coated and uncoated D3 tool steel.

with the coatings showed better wear resistance than D3 steel with the same coatings. This ndings supports what some researchers, such as Bromark et al. [8], concluded about the effect of the substrate material properties on the over all tribological properties of the coating substrate composite. 3.2. Hardness Micro hardness value of coated and uncoated samples are shown in Fig. 5. The composite hardness was found

Fig. 4. Wear track depth vs. No. of cycles of coated D2 and D3 tool steels.

Fig. 5. Micro hardness values of coated and uncoated samples.

1926

A.E. Zeghni, M.S.J. Hashmi / Journal of Materials Processing Technology 155156 (2004) 19231926

Fig. 6. EDX analysis of TiN coated D2 tool steel.

TiC coating improved the wear resistance of the substrate much better than TiN coating. Substrate material has an inuence on the over all tribological properties of the composite. This leads to the importance that the deposition of coating is not necessarily improve the over all properties of the system.

References
[1] A. Gomersal, Laser in Materials Processing, IFS Publications Ltd., UK, 98, 1986. [2] B. Bhushan, B.K. Gupta, Handbook of Tribology, 1992, p. 14.50. [3] L.E. Seitzman, An overview of advanced surface engineering technologies for protection against wear, in: A. Srivasta, C. Clayton, J. Hirvonen (Eds.), Advances in Coating Technologies for Corrosion and Wear Resistance Coatings, 1995, pp. 1325. [4] J. Kickel, A.N. Shuaib, B.S. Yilbas, S.M. Nizam, Evaluation of the wear of the plasma nitrided and TiN coated HSS drills using conventional and Micro-PIXE technique, Wear 234 (2000) 155167. [5] ASM Handbook, vol.18, 1992, p. 739. [6] H.A. Sundquist, E.H. Sirvio, M.T. Kurkinen, Wear of metal working tools ion plated with titanium nitride, Met. Tech. 10 (1983) 130 134. [7] M. Ohring, The Materials Science of Thin Films, Academic Press, Inc., 1992, p. 282. [8] M. Bromark, P. Hedenqvist, S. Hogmark, The inuence of substrate material on the erosion resistance of TiN coated tool steel, Wear 186187 (1995) 189194. [9] A.K.M.S. Chowdhury, D.C. Cameron, M.S.J. Hashmi, Adhesion of carbon nitride thin lm on tool steel, Surf. Coat. Technol. 116119 (1999) 4653.

Fig. 7. Rockwell indentation photographs: (a) D3/TiN; (b) D2/TiC; (c) D2/TiN and (d) D3/TiC. Magnication 100.

4. Conclusion In this work, a comparison between wear resistance of TiC and TiN deposited on D2 and D3 tool steel has been made. The main conclusions are: Both coatings applied have improved the wear resistance of the substrate materials.

Вам также может понравиться