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Oracle Database - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

information on space allocated and used for schema objects The Oracle instance frequently accesses the data dictionary in order to parse SQL statements. The operation of Oracle depends on ready access to the data dictionary: performance bottlenecks in the data dictionary affect all Oracle users. Because of this, database administrators should make sure that the data dictionary cache[19] has sufficient capacity to cache this data. Without enough memory for the data-dictionary cache, users see a severe performance degradation. Allocating sufficient memory to the shared pool where the data dictionary cache resides precludes these particular performance problem. Program Global Area The Program Global Area[20][21] or PGA memory-area of an Oracle instance contains data and control-information for Oracle's server-processes. The size and content of the PGA depends on the Oracle-server options installed. This area consists of the following components: stack-space: the memory that holds the session's variables, arrays, and so on session-information: unless using the multithreaded server, the instance stores its session-information in the PGA. (In a multithreaded server, the sessioninformation goes in the SGA.) private SQL-area: an area which holds information such as bind-variables and runtime-buffers sorting area: an area in the PGA which holds information on sorts, hash-joins, etc. DBAs can monitor PGA usage via the V $ S E S S T A Tsystem view. Dynamic performance views The dynamic performance views (also known as "fixed views") within an Oracle database present information from virtual tables (X$ tables)[22] built on the basis of database memory.[23] Database users can access the V$ views (named after the prefix of their synonyms) to obtain information on database structures and performance.

Process architectures
Oracle processes The Oracle RDBMS typically relies on a group of processes running simultaneously in the background and interacting to monitor and expedite database operations. Typical operating environments might include some of the following individual processes (shown along with their abbreviated nomenclature):[24] advanced queueing processes (Qnnn)[25] archiver processes (ARCn) checkpoint process (CKPT) *REQUIRED* coordinator-of-job-queues process (CJQn): dynamically spawns slave processes for job-queues database writer processes (DBWn) *REQUIRED* dispatcher processes (Dnnn): multiplex server-processes on behalf of users
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