Call Processing, SMS and VMS

In this we discuss the call processing aspect and look into specifics case of a mobile originated (MO) call and a mobile terminated (MT) call. We also look into short message (SMS) and voice mail service ( MS) as implemented IM!"S pilot pro#ect. RF channel overview: $ %& channel pla' important role in call processing case. These are basicall' three t'pes of %& control channel.

(. )roadcast control channel * The broadcast channels are points to multi$

point channel+ which are defined onl' for down$link direction ()TS to mobile station). The' are divided into* )"", ()road cast control channel*$ )"", acts as a beacon. It informs the mobile about s'stem configuration parameters (e.g. -.I+ "/--I0/1T2+ 1/I3,)O4%I13 all identif'). 4sing this information MS choose the best cell to attach to. )"", is alwa's transmitted on full power and it is never fre5uenc' hopped. &""," fre5uenc' correction channel. MS must tune to &"", to listen to )"",. &"", transmits a constant fre5uenc' shift of the radio carrier that is used b' the MS for fre5uenc' correction. S", (s'nchroni6ation channel). . S", is used to s'nchroni6e the MS in time .S", carries T0M. frame number and )SI" ()ase Station Identit' "ode)

7. "ommon control channels * "ommon control channels are specified as

point to multi$point+ which operate onl' in one direction either in up$link or down$ link direction. !", (!aging "hannel)* $ !", is used in down$link direction for sending paging message to MS whenever there is incoming call. %.", (%andom .ccess "hannel ) *$%.", is used b' the MS to re5uest allocation of a specific dedicated control channel (S0"",) either in response to a paging message or for call origination 8registration from the MS. this is an up$ link channel and operate in point to point mode. .3", (.ccess 3rant "hannel )*$ .3", is a logical control channel which is used to allocated a specific dedicated control channel (S0"",) to MS when MS re5uest for a channel over %.",. .3", is used in downlink direction.

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9.0edicated "ontrol "hannel * dedicated control channel are full duple:+ point
to point channel. The' are used for signalling between the )TS and certain MS. The' are divided into* $ (I). S."", (Slow .ssociated "ontrol "hannel)* the S."", is a duple: channel+ which is alwa's allocated to T", or S0"",. The S."", is used for %adio link supervision measurements. !ower control. Timing advance information.

In 7; frame traffic multi$frame (9th frame (frame no .(7) is used for S."",.S."", is used onl' for non$urgent procedures. (II). &."", (&ast .ssociated "ontrol "hannel). &."", is re5uested in case the re5uirement of signaling is urgent and signaling re5uirement can not be met b' S."",. This is the case when hand$over is re5uired during conversation phase. 0uring the call &."", data is transmitted over allocated T", instead of traffic data. This is marked b' a flag known as stealing flag. (III). S0"", (Stand .lone 0edicated "ontrol "hannel)$ The S0"", is a duple:+ point to point channel which is used for signaling in higher la'er. It carries all the signaling between )TS < MS when no T", is allocated to MS. The S0"", is used for service re5uest+ location updates+ subscriber authentication+ ciphering. e5uipment validation and assignment of a T",. Mobile originated (MO) call: $ There are four distinct phase of a mobile originated call$ $Setup phase. $%inging phase. $"onversation phase. $%elease phase. Out of these phases the setup phase is the most important phase and includes authentication of the subscriber+ "iphering of data over radio interface+ validation of mobile e5uipment+ validation of subscriber data at -% for re5uests service and assignment of a voice channel on .$interface b' MS". Whenever MS wants to initiate on outgoing call or want to send an SMS it re5uested for a channel to )SS over %.",. On receiving re5uest from MS+ )SS assigns a stand$alone dedicated control channel (S0"",) to MS over access grant channel (.3",). Once a S0"", has been allocated to MS all the call set up information flow takes place over S0"",.

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. connection management ("M) entit' initiates a "M Service %e5uest message to the network. 1etwork tries to establish an MM connections between the MS and the network and upon successful establishment of MM connection a "M Service .ccept message is received b' MS from the network. MS now sends a "all Set up %e5uest to the network which contains the dialed digits (00) of the called part'. .s the call setup message is received at the MS"8 -% certain check are performed at MS"8 -% like$ whether the re5uested service is provisioned for the subscriber or not+ whether the dialed digits are sufficient or not+ an' operator determined barring (O0)) does not allow call to proceed further etc. .s these checks are performed at MS"8 -% a "all !roceeding Message is sent from the network towards the MS. .fter all the checks are successfull' passed MS" sends .ssignment command to the )SS which contains a free voice channel on .$interface On getting this message )SS allocates a free T", to the MS and informs the MS to attach to it. MS on attaching to this T", informs the )SS about it. On receiving a response from the )SS+ MS" switches the speech path toward the calling MS. Thus at the end of .ssignment the speech path is through from MS to MS". It is important to note that at this stage mobile has not connected user connection as 'et. MS at this stage does not listen an'thing. .fter assignment MS" sends a network set$up message to the !ST1 re5uesting that a call be set up. Included in the message are the MS dialed digits (00) and details specif'ing which trunk should be used for the call. The !ST1 ma' involve several switching e:changes before finall' reaching the final local e:change responsible for appl'ing the ringing tone to the destination phone. The local e:change will generate the ringing tone over the trunk+ or series of trunk (if several intermediate switching e:change are involved)+ to the MS". .t this point in time MS will hear ringing tone. The !ST1 notifies the MS" with a network$ alerting message when this event occurs. MS" informs the MS that the destination number is being alerted. It is important to note that this is primaril' a status message to the MS. The MS hears the ringing tone from the destination local e:change through the established voice path. When the destination part' goes off hook+ !ST1 informs the MS" of this event. .t this point+ MS is connected to the destination part' and billing is started. MS" informs the MS that connection has been established and MS acknowledges the receipts of the connect message. 4nder normal condition+ the termination of a call is MS initiated or network initiated. In this scenario+ we have assumed that MS initiates the release of the call b' pressing =end> button and MS send a disconnect message to the MS". The !ST1 part' is notified of the termination of the call b' a release message from the MS". The end$ to$ end connection is terminated. When MS" is left with no side task (e.g. charging indication etc.) to complete a release message is sent to the MS. MS acknowledges with a release complete message. .ll the resources between MS" and the MS are released completel'.

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Mobile Terminated (MT) call$ The different phases of a mobile terminated call are $ %outing anal'sis $ !aging. $ "all setup. $ "all release. The phases of mobile terminated (MT) call are similar to a mobile originated (MO) call e:cept routing anal'sis and paging phase. "all to a mobile subscriber in a !-M1 first comes to gatewa' MS" (3MS"). 3MS" is the MS"+ which is the capable of 5uer'ing ,-% for subscriber routing information. 3MS" need not to be part of home !-M1+ though it is normal practice to have 3MS" as part of !-M1 in commerciall' deplo'ed networks. 3MS" opens a M.! (Mobile .pplication !art) dialogue towards ,-% and Send 8 %outing 8 Info$%e5uest (S%I re5uest) specific service message is sent to ,-%. S%I re5uest contains MSIS01 of the subscriber. ,-% based on location information of this subscriber in its database+ opens a M.! dialogue towards -% and sends !rovide 8 %oaming 8 1umber$re5uest (!%1 re5uest)to the -%. -% responds to !%1 re5uest with !%1 response message+ which carries an MS%1 (mobile subscriber roaming number)+ which can be used for routing toward visiting MS" in the network. ,-% returns MS%1 to 3MS" (MS" that 5ueried ,-%) in S%I response message. On getting MS%1 the 3MS" routes the call towards MS" The purpose of this entire e:ercise is to locate where the terminating mobile subscriber is. The MS%1 received at 3MS" is in international format ("ountr' "ode ? .rea "ode ? subscriber number). 1ormall'+ based on the routing info at 3MS"+ the call ma' be routed out of the 3MS" towards MS" of the terminating subscriber+ in which case appropriate signaling protocol (M& or IS4!) depending on the nature of connecting of 3MS" with subse5uent e:change along the route will appl'. If at MS" the terminating mobile subscriber is found to be free (idle)+ paging is initiated for terminating mobile subscriber. MS" uses the -.I provided b' the -% to determine which )SS@s should page the MS. MS" transmit a message to each of these )SS re5uesting that a page be performed. Included in the message is the TMSI of the MS. /ach of the )SS@s broadcasts the TMSI of the mobile in a page message on paging channel (!",). When MS detects its TMSI broadcast on the paging channel + it responds with a channel re5uest message over %andom .ccess "hannel (%.",). Once )SS receives a channel re5uest message + it allocates a stand Aalone 0edicated "ontrol "hannel(S0"",) and forwards this channel assignment information to the MS over .ccess 3rant "hannel (.3",). It is over this S0"", that the MS communicates with the )SS and MS" until a traffic channel assigned to the MS. MS transmits paging response message to the )SS over the S0"",. Included in this message is MS TMSI and -.I. )SS forwards this paging response
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message to the MS". 1ow .uthentication and "iphering phases are performed to check the authenticit' of MS and encr'pt data over radio interface. On the network side after paging is initiated+ while waiting for paging response+ a defensive timer called+ >/arl' ."M> timer is run at MS" to avoid network timeouts. On successfull' getting paging response+ a setup message is constructed to be sent towards terminating MS. In case paging fails due to authentication failure or when the subscriber is out of radio$coverage+ the call is cleared. In case "-I! is not subscribed b' the terminating mobile subscriber+ calling number is not included in set$up message. In case "-I! is subscribed and !I value in calling number parameter indicates =presentation allowed> the number is included in the set$up message. In case "-I! is subscribed but !I received in calling number parameter indicates =presentation restricted> then number is included onl' if "-I%O is also subscribed to. MS on receiving the set$up message performs compatibilit' "hecking before responding to the set$up message A it is possible that MS might be incompatible for certain t'pes of call set$ups. .ssuming that MS passes compatibilit' checking+ it acknowledges the call setup with set$up confirm message. .fter getting set$up confirm message from the MS+ MS" performs assignment phase (similar to one discussed in MO call) and a voice path is established from MS" to the MS. MS begins altering the user after it receives the traffic channel assignment. MS send alerting message to the MS" .MS" upon receiving the alerting indication from the MS+ begins generating an audible ringing tone to the calling part' and sends a network alerting via 3MS" to the !ST1. !rior to this the calling part' heard silence. .t this point in the call+ MS is alerting the called part' b' generating on audible tone. One of the three events can occur$calling part' hangs$up+ mobile subscriber answers the phone+ or the MS" times out waiting for the mobile subscriber to the answer the call. Since radio traffic channel is a valuable resource+ 3SM does not allow a MS to ring forever. In the present scenario we have assumed that the mobile subscriber answers the phone. The MS in response to this action stops alerting and sends a connect message to the MS". MS" removes the audible tone to the !ST1 and connects the !ST1 trunk to )SS trunk (terrestrial channel) and sends a connect message via 3MS" to the !ST1. The caller and the called part' now have a complete talk path. This event t'picall' marks the beginning of the call for billing purposes. MS" sends a connect acknowledge message to the MS. The release triggered b' the land user is done in similar wa' as the release triggered b' mobile user. MS" receives a release message from the network to terminate end$to$end connection. !ST1 stops billing the calling landline subscriber. MS" sends a disconnect message towards the MS and MS responds b' a %elease message. MS" release the connection to the !ST1 and
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acknowledges b' sending a %elease "omplete message to !ST1. 1ow the voice trunk between MS" and )SS is cleared+ traffic channel (T",) is released and the resources are completel' released. The mobile$to$mobile call scenario is a combination of phases encountered in mobile originated (MO) and mobile terminated (MT) call. Short Message Service (SMS) SMS is a simple bearer service and acts as a bi$directional alphanumeric paging service+ which allows value added service provision as well as management services provision such as advice of charge. . short message can carr' at most (;B characters (it can be less depending upon the t'pe of characters and their coding scheme). The SMS could be either in broadcast mode (via ")", channel) or in a point$to$point mode (via either S0"", channel if mobile is in idle state+ or S."", if the mobile is in dedicated mode). SMS allows to provide man' values added service to individual8 corporate clients. Individuals ma' be interested in messaging (transmitting messages in compact wa') or leisure services (weather forecast+ road traffic+ restaurant booking+ movies+ T programs etc.). )usiness users ma' be interested in corporate information (compan' performance+ stock value)+ e$ commerce etc. SMS involves specific entities in the 3SM network* first is the SMS Service "entre (SMS$S" simpl' SMS") which can be connected to several networks and man' MS"@s (SMS$ 3MS"@s or SMS$IWMS"@s) within the same !-M1 and which is addressed b' a mobile using a /.(;C number of the numbering plan of the !-M1. SMS" is capable of following functionalit'@s* Transmission of short message towards a mobile+ retaining the responsibilit' of the message until reception of acknowledgement or e:piration of the validit' period. %eception of the short messages from MS and transmission of acknowledgement to the !-M1. Transferring messages received from Internet to mobile. The second entit' involved b' the SMS is the SM/ (short message entit')+ which is responsible for producing or receiving a short message. The SM/ can be connected to the SMS" via a data network such as D.7E or I!.

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. short message is characteri6ed b' its parameters the most significant are the validit' period+ the service center time stamp which indicates the SM arrival time at the S"+ etc. In IM!"S (pilot pro#ect)+ the SMS architecture has been implemented b' "$0oT. The hardware architecture of SMS" is similar to ,-% and is located on same ph'sical platform. It services as an inter$working and rela'ing function of the message transfer between two MS. The service provided are$ (i) Mobile Originated short message$ /nables MS to send an SMS ( up$to (CB b'tes) to another MS via SMS". (ii)Mobile terminated short message$ /nables deliver' of an SMS to a particular MS. (iii)Operator initiated SMS$ This facilit' enables fi:ed network subscriber to send an SMS to a mobile subscriber through an operator at SMS". (iv)SMS 1ewsletter Service$ . group of mobile subscriber can subscribe to SMS" for receiving periodic news regarding sports+ weather+ traffic etc. The subscription is done through on operator at SMS". The operator feeds the news segments+ which are transferred+ to the subscriber periodicall'. Voice Mail System (VMS) MS offers function of call answering device in the s'stem. It provides personal voice mailbo: to the subscribers. MS redirects8forwards voice calls of a temporaril' in accessible subscriber (bus' or no repl') to a personal mailbo: of the subscriber connected to the MS". Whenever a call is redirected to MS+ it first greets the caller with a personalised greeting message and prompts the caller to leave the message in the mailbo:. -ater on the called part' (mobile subscriber) can access the MS from !-M18!ST1 phone b' means of access code. MS interfaces with MS" on /( lines using %7 M&8""SFG signaling protocol. In IM!"S network the MS consists of !entium !" e5uipped with 0ialogic card loaded with Windows 1T C.B. 0ialogic card provides telephon' network interface+ voice recording+ compression and pla'. The disk capacit' re5uirement of the !" is totall' application dependent. &or (B+BBB subscribers+ if each subscriber stores (B minutes of voice data then disk storage for subscriber voice information is around 7B 3). %eferences* (. The 3SM s'stem for mobile communication$Michel Moul' < Marie$ )ernadette !autet. 7. 3SM s'stem /ngineering$.sha Mehrotra (.rtech ,ouse !ublisher). 9. /TSI standard /TS 9BB9B9 Hul' (IIC on IS01+ IS01$3SM+ !-M1 signalling interface.
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