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AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428 Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
1. Scope 1.1 This specication covers hot-worked alloy, carbon, and carbon-boron steels in a variety of compositions and sizes which may attain specied depth of hardening in the end quench test. These steel compositions are identied by the suffix letter H added to the conventional grade number. 1.2 This specication provides for analyses other than those listed under Table 1 and Table 2. Special hardenability limits are also permissible when approved by the purchaser and manufacturer. 1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. 2. Referenced Documents 2.1 ASTM Standards: A 29/A 29M Specication for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought and Cold-Finished, General Requirements for2 A 255 Test Method for End-Quench Test for Hardenability of Steel2 E 112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size3 E 527 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys (UNS)4 3. Terminology 3.1 Denitions of Terms Specic to This Standard: 3.1.1 hardenabilityThe relative ability of a steel to harden under heat treatment becomes apparent in the degree to which the material hardens when quenched at different cooling rates. It is measured quantitatively, usually by noting the extent or depth of hardening of a standard size and shape test specimen in a standardized quench. In the end-quench test the depth of hardening is the distance along the specimen from the quenched end to a given hardness.
4. Ordering Information 4.1 Orders for material under this specication should include the following information, in proper sequence: 4.1.1 Quantity (weight), 4.1.2 Name of material (alloy, carbon, or carbon-boron steel), 4.1.3 Cross-sectional shape, 4.1.4 Size, 4.1.5 Length, 4.1.6 Grade, 4.1.7 End-quenched hardenability (see Section 9), 4.1.8 Report of heat analysis, if desired (see Section 7), 4.1.9 Special straightness, if required, 4.1.10 ASTM designation and date of issue, 4.1.11 End use or special requirements, and 4.1.12 Leaded steel, when required.
NOTE 1A typical ordering description is as follows: 10 000 lb, alloy bars, round, 4.0 in. dia by 10 ft, Grade 1340H, J 40/56 5 616 in., heat analysis required, ASTM A 304, dated ________, worm gear.
1 This specication is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A-1 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys,and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.15on Bars. Current edition approved Nov. 10, 1996. Published September 1997. Originally published as A 304 47 T. Last previous edition A 304 95. 2 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.05. 3 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01. 4 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.01.
4.2 The purchaser shall specify the desired grade, including the suffix letter H, in accordance with Table 1 or Table 2. 4.3 Band limits are shown graphically and as tabulations in Figs. 2-87, inclusive. For specications purposes, the tabulated values of Rockwell C hardness are used. Values below 20 Rockwell C hardness (20 HRC) are not specied because such values are below the normal range of the C scale. The graphs are shown for convenience in estimating the hardness values obtainable at various locations on the end quench test bar and for various locations in oil or water quenched rounds. The relationship between end-quench distance and bar diameter is approximate and should be used only as a guide. 4.4 Two points from the tabulated values are commonly designated according to one of Methods A, B, C, D, or E, which are dened in the following paragraphs. Those various methods are illustrated graphically in Fig. 1. 4.4.1 Method AThe minimum and maximum hardness values at any desired distance. This method is illustrated in Fig. 1 as points A-A and would be specied as 43 to 54 HRC at J3. Obviously the distance selected would be that distance on the end quench test bar which corresponds to the section used by the purchaser.
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4.4.2 Method BThe minimum and maximum distances at which any desired hardness value occurs. This method is illustrated in Fig. 1 as points B- B and would be specied as 39 HRC at J4 minimum and J9 maximum. If the desired hardness does not fall on an exact sixteenth position, the minimum distance selected should be the nearest sixteenth position toward the quenched end and the maximum should be the nearest sixteenth position away from the quenched end. 4.4.3 Method CTwo maximum hardness values at two desired distances, illustrated in Fig. 1 as points C-C. 4.4.4 Method DTwo minimum hardness values at two desired distances, illustrated in Fig. 1 as points D-D. 4.4.5 Method EAny minimum hardness plus any maximum hardness. When hardenability is specied according to one of the above Methods A to E, the balance of the hardenability band is not applicable. 4.5 In cases when it is considered desirable, the maximum and minimum limits at a distance of 116in. from the quenched end can be specied in addition to the other two points as previously described in 4.4.1 to 4.4.5, inclusive. 4.6 In cases when it is necessary to specify more than two points on the hardenability band (exclusive of the maximum and minimum limits at a distance of 116 in.), a tolerance of two points Rockwell C (HRC) over any small portion of either curve (except at a distance of 116in.) is customary. This tolerance is necessary because curves of individual heats vary somewhat in shape from the standard band limits and thus deviate slightly at one or more positions in the full length of the curves. 5. Manufacture 5.1 Melting PracticeThe steel shall be made by one or more of the following primary processes: open-hearth, basicoxygen, or electric-furnace. The primary melting may incorporate separate degassing or rening and may be followed by secondary melting using electroslag remelting or vacuum arc remelting. Where secondary melting is employed, the heat shall be dened as all of the ingots remelted from a single primary heat. 5.2 Slow CoolingImmediately after hot working, the bars shall be allowed to cool when necessary to a temperature below the critical range under suitable conditions, to prevent injury by too rapid cooling. 6. General Requirements 6.1 Material furnished under this specication shall conform to the applicable requirements of the current edition of Specication A 29/A 29M, unless otherwise provided for herein. 7. Chemical Composition 7.1 The heat analysis shall conform to the requirements as to chemical composition prescribed in Table 1 and Table 2 for the grade specied by the purchaser. 7.2 When a steel cannot be identied by a standard grade number in accordance with Table 1 and Table 2, other compositions may be specied, as agreed upon between the purchaser and the manufacturer. Generally, hardenability bands will not be available for such compositions. 7.3 When requested by the manufacturer, and approved by the purchaser, other steels capable of meeting the purchasers specied hardenability may be furnished in place of the grade specied by the purchaser. 8. Grain Size Requirements 8.1 The steel shall conform to the ne austenitic grain size requirement of Specication A 29/A 29M. 8.2 Hardenability values specied herein are based on ne-grain steels and are not applicable to coarse-grain material. In case coarse-grain steel is desired, the hardenability values shall be negotiated between the purchaser and the manufacturer. 9. End-Quench Hardenability Requirements 9.1 The end-quench hardenability shall conform to the requirements specied on the purchase order. 9.2 The hardenability values shall be specied in accordance with the applicable values in Figs. 2-87 inclusive for the grade specied. See Fig. 1 for method of specifying hardenability. 9.3 When agreed upon between the purchaser and manufacturer, special hardenability limits may be ordered and shall be reected on the purchase order. 10. Test Specimens 10.1 Number and LocationThe number and location of test specimens shall be in accordance with the manufacturers standard practice and shall adequately represent the hardenability of each heat. 10.2 Thermal TreatmentAll forged or rolled hardenability test specimens must be normalized prior to testing. Cast specimens need not be normalized. 11. Test Methods 11.1 Grain SizeTest Methods E 112. 11.2 End-quench HardenabilityTest Method A 255. 12. Certication and Reports of Testing 12.1 When the full H-band is specied for alloy steels, the hardenability can be reported by listing hardness values at the following distances from the quenched end of the test specimen: 1 through 16 sixteenths, then 18, 20, 22, 24, 28, and 32 sixteenths of an inch. 12.2 For carbon H-steels, distances from the quenched end may be reported by listing sixteenths or half sixteenths (rather than full sixteenths only as with alloy steels). Units of sixteenths rather than thirty-seconds are followed for all steels to avoid misunderstanding. When the full H-band is specied half sixteenths through 8 may be reported, as well as the distances listed in 12.1. 13. Keywords 13.1 alloy steel bars; carbon steel bars; end quench hardenability; steel bars
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TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements of Alloy H SteelsA
NOTE 1 Phosphorus and sulfur in open-hearth steel is 0.035 %, max, and 0.040 %, max respectively. Phosphorus and sulfur in electric-furnace steel (designated by the prex letter E) is 0.025 %, max. NOTE 2Small quantities of certain elements are present in alloy steels which are not specied or required. These elements are considered as incidental and may be present to the following maximum amounts: copper, 0.35 %; nickel, 0.25 %; chromium, 0.20 %; molybdenum, 0.06 %. NOTE 3Chemical ranges and limits shown in this table are subject to the permissible variation for product analysis shown in Specication A 29/A 29M. NOTE 4Standard H Steels can be produced with a lead range of 0.150.35 %. Such steels are identied by inserting the letter L between the second and third numerals of the grade designation, for example, 41L40H. Lead is generally reported as a range of 0.150.35 %.
UNS DesignationA H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H 13300 13350 13400 13450 40270 40280 40320 40370 40420 40470 41180 41300 41350 41370 41400 41420 41450 41470 41500 41610 Grade Designation Carbon 1330 1335 1340 1345 H H H H 0.270.33 0.320.38 0.370.44 0.420.49 0.240.30 0.240.30 0.290.35 0.340.41 0.390.46 0.440.51 0.170.23 0.270.33 0.320.38 0.340.41 0.370.44 0.390.46 0.420.49 0.440.51 0.470.54 0.550.65 0.170.23 0.370.44 0.370.44 0.170.23 0.170.23 0.170.23 0.230.29 0.150.21 0.170.23 0.120.18 0.140.20 0.170.23 0.370.44 0.420.49 0.430.50 0.430.50 0.470.54 0.550.65 0.170.23 0.270.33 0.290.35 0.320.38 0.370.44 0.420.49 0.450.52 0.470.54 0.500.60 0.550.65 0.550.65 0.150.21 0.470.54 0.420.49 Manganese 1.452.05 1.452.05 1.452.05 1.452.05 0.601.00 0.601.00 0.601.00 0.601.00 0.601.00 0.601.00 0.601.00 0.300.70 0.601.00 0.601.00 0.651.10 0.651.10 0.651.10 0.651.10 0.651.10 0.651.10 0.400.70 0.550.90 0.600.95 0.350.75 0.350.75 0.601.00 0.400.70 0.600.95 0.450.75 0.300.70 0.300.70 0.400.80 0.651.10 0.651.10 0.651.10 0.651.10 0.651.10 0.651.10 0.601.00 0.601.10 0.500.90 0.500.90 0.601.00 0.601.00 0.601.05 0.601.00 0.601.00 0.651.10 0.651.10 0.400.80 0.601.00 0.701.05 Chemical Composition, % Silicon 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.150.35 Nickel ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1.552.00 1.552.00 1.552.00 ... 1.552.00 1.552.00 0.651.05 0.851.25 0.851.25 3.203.80 3.203.80 3.203.80 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 0.150.45 Chromium ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 0.300.70 0.751.20 0.751.20 0.751.20 0.751.20 0.751.20 0.751.20 0.751.20 0.751.20 0.650.95 0.350.65 0.650.95 0.650.95 ... ... ... ... 0.300.60 0.300.60 ... ... ... 0.300.70 0.300.70 0.130.43 0.130.43 0.300.70 0.300.70 0.601.00 0.751.20 0.651.10 0.701.15 0.601.00 0.601.00 0.801.25 0.601.00 0.601.00 0.601.00 0.601.00 0.400.80 0.751.20 0.300.60 Molybdenum ... ... ... ... 0.200.30 0.200.30 0.200.30 0.200.30 0.200.30 0.200.30 0.080.15 0.150.25 0.150.25 0.150.25 0.150.25 0.150.25 0.150.25 0.150.25 0.150.25 0.250.35 0.200.30 0.200.30 0.200.30 0.450.60 0.200.30 0.200.30 0.150.25 0.300.40 0.150.25 0.200.30 0.200.30 0.200.30 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 0.080.15
4027 H 4028 HB 4032 H 4037 H 4042 H 4047 H 4118 H 4130 H 4135 H 4137 H 4140 H 4142 H 4145 H 4147 H 4150 H 4161 H 4320 H 4340 H E4340 HC 4419 H 4620 H 4621 H 4626 4718 H 4720 H 4815 H 4817 H 4820 H 50B40 HD 50B44 HD 5046 H 50B46 HD 50B50 HD 50B60 HD 5120 H 5130 H 5132 H 5135 H 5140 H 5145 H 5147 H 5150 H 5155 H 5160 H 51B60HD 6118 HE 6150 HF 81B45 HD
H 47180 H 47200 H 48150 H 48170 H 48200 H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H 50401 50441 50460 50461 50501 50601 51200 51300 51320 51350 51400 51450 51470 51500 51550 51600 51601
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TABLE 1 Continued
UNS DesignationA Grade Designation Carbon 8617 H 8620 H 8622 H 8625 H 8627 H 8630 H 86B30 H 8637 H 8640 H 8642 H 8645 H 86B45 HD 8650 H 8655 H 8660 H 8720 H 8740 H 8822 H 9260 H 9310 HC 94B15 HD 94B17 HD 94B30 HD 0.140.20 0.170.23 0.190.25 0.220.28 0.240.30 0.270.33 0.270.33 0.340.41 0.370.44 0.390.46 0.420.49 0.420.49 0.470.54 0.500.60 0.550.65 0.170.23 0.370.44 0.190.25 0.550.65 0.070.13 0.120.18 0.140.20 0.270.33 Manganese 0.600.95 0.600.95 0.600.95 0.600.95 0.600.95 0.600.95 0.600.95 0.701.05 0.701.05 0.701.05 0.701.05 0.701.05 0.701.05 0.701.05 0.701.05 0.600.95 0.701.05 0.701.05 0.651.10 0.400.70 0.701.05 0.701.05 0.701.05 Chemical Composition, % Silicon 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.150.35 1.702.20 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.150.35 Nickel 0.350.75 0.350.75 0.350.75 0.350.75 0.350.75 0.350.75 0.350.75 0.350.75 0.350.75 0.350.75 0.350.75 0.350.75 0.350.75 0.350.75 0.350.75 0.350.75 0.350.75 0.350.75 ... 2.953.55 0.250.65 0.250.65 0.250.65 Chromium 0.350.65 0.350.65 0.350.65 0.350.65 0.350.65 0.350.65 0.350.65 0.350.65 0.350.65 0.350.65 0.350.65 0.350.65 0.350.65 0.350.65 0.350.65 0.350.65 0.350.65 0.350.65 ... 1.001.45 0.250.55 0.250.55 0.250.55 Molybdenum 0.150.25 0.150.25 0.150.25 0.150.25 0.150.25 0.150.25 0.150.25 0.150.25 0.150.25 0.150.25 0.150.25 0.150.25 0.150.25 0.150.25 0.150.25 0.200.30 0.200.30 0.300.40 ... 0.080.15 0.080.15 0.080.15 0.080.15
H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H
86170 86200 86220 86250 86270 86300 86301 86370 86400 86420 86450 86451 86500 86550 86600
New designations established in accordance with Practice E 527 and SAE J 1086, Recommended Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys (UNS). Sulfur content range is 0.035 to 0.050 %. Electric furnace steel. D These steels can be expected to have a 0.0005 % min boron content. E Vanadium content range is 0.10 to 0.15 %. F Minimum vanadium content is 0.15 %.
C
A Standard H Steels can be produced with a lead range of 0.150.35 %. Such steels are identied by inserting the letter L between the second and third numerals of the grade designation, for example, 15L22 H. Lead is generally reported as a range of 0.150.35 %. B New designations established in accordance with Practice E 527 and SAE J 1086, Recommended Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys (UNS). C These steels can be expected to have 0.0005 % min boron content.
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Method A B C D E Minimum and maximum hardness values at a designated distance A hardness value at minimum and maximum distances The maximum hardness values at two designated distances Two minimum hardness values at two distances Any minimum hardness plus any maximum hardness
ExampleEnd Quench Hardenability HRC 43 to 54 at J3 HRC 39 at J4 minumum and J9 maximum HRC50 at J5 maximum HRC 34 at J12 maximum HRC 35 at J5 minimum HRC 21 at J16 minimum HRC 32 at J6 minimum HRC 37 at J10 maximum
FIG. 1 Examples Illustrating Alternative Method of Speciying Hardenability Requirements (tabulated hardness values are used in ordering)
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The American Society for Testing and Materials takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility. This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every ve years and if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards and should be addressed to ASTM Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you should make your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428.
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