THC cures cancer

Laboratory/Animal/Preclinical Studies Human/Clinical Studies Adverse Effects Summary of the Evidence for Cannabis and Cannabinoids Changes to This Summary (08/02/20 !" About This #$% Summary Page Options #rint This #age

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Cannabinoids are a grou- of 2 3carbon4containing ter-eno-henolic com-ounds -roduced uni5uely byCannabis sativa and Cannabis indica s-ecies16 728 These -lant3derived

com-ounds may be referred to as -hytocannabinoids1 Although delta393tetrahydrocannabinol (THC" is the -rimary -sychoactive ingredient7 other )no'n com-ounds 'ith biologic activity are cannabinol7 cannabidiol (C($"7 cannabichromene7 cannabigerol7 tetrahydrocannabivarin7 and delta383THC1 C($7 in -articular7 is thought to have significant analgesic and anti3 inflammatory activity 'ithout the -sychoactive effect (high" of delta393THC1 Antitumor E ects :ne study in mice and rats suggested that cannabinoids may have a -rotective effect against the develo-ment of certain ty-es of tumors16!8 $uring this 23year study7 grou-s of mice and rats 'ere given various doses of THC by gavage1 A dose3related decrease in the incidence of he-atic adenoma tumors and he-atocellular carcinoma (HCC" 'as observed in the mice1 $ecreased incidences of benign tumors(-oly-s and adenomas" in other organs (mammary gland7 uterus7 -ituitary7 testis7 and -ancreas" 'ere also noted in the rats1 ,n another study7 delta393THC7 delta383THC7 and cannabinol 'ere found to inhibit the gro'th of ;e'is lung adenocarcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo 16<8 ,n addition7 other tumors have been sho'n to be sensitive to cannabinoid3induced gro'th inhibition16=388 Cannabinoids may cause antitumor effects by various mechanisms7 including induction of cell death7 inhibition of cell gro'th7 and inhibition of tumor angiogenesis invasion and metastasis1693 28 :ne revie' summari>es the molecular mechanisms of action of cannabinoids as antitumor agents16 !8 Cannabinoids a--ear to )ill tumor cells but do not affect their nontransformed counter-arts and may even -rotect them from cell death1 These com-ounds have been sho'n to induce a-o-tosis in gliomacells in culture and induce regression of glioma tumors in mice and rats1 Cannabinoids -rotect normal glial cells of astroglial and oligodendroglial lineages from a-o-tosis mediated by the C( rece-tor16 <8 The effects of delta393THC and a synthetic agonist of the C(2 rece-tor 'ere investigated in HCC16 =8 (oth agents reduced the viability of HCC cells in vitro and demonstrated antitumor effects in HCC subcutaneous ?enografts in nude mice1 The investigations documented that the anti3HCC effects are mediated by 'ay of the C(2 rece-tor1 Similar to findings in glioma cells7 the cannabinoids 'ere sho'n to trigger cell death through stimulation of an endo-lasmic reticulum stress -ath'ay that activates auto-hagy and -romotes a-o-tosis1 :ther investigations have confirmed that C( and C(2 rece-tors may be -otential targets in non3small cell lung carcinoma 6 @8 and breast cancer16 A8 An in vitro study of the effect of C($ on -rogrammed cell death in breast cancer cell lines found that C($ induced -rogrammed cell death7 inde-endent of the C( 7 C(27 or vanilloid

rece-tors1 C($ inhibited the survival of both estrogen rece-tor4-ositive and estrogen rece-tor4negative breast cancercell lines7 inducing a-o-tosis in a concentration3de-endent manner 'hile having little effect on nontumorigenic7 mammary cells16 88 C($ has also been demonstrated to e?ert a chemo-reventive effect in a mouse model of colon cancer16 98 ,n the e?-erimental system7 a>o?ymethane increased -remalignant and malignant lesions in the mouse colon1 Animals treated 'ith a>o?ymethane and C($ concurrently 'ere -rotected from develo-ing -remalignant and malignant lesions1 ,n in vitro e?-eriments involving colorectal cancer cell lines7 the investigators found that C($ -rotected $+A from o?idative damage7 increased endocannabinoid levels7 and reduced cell -roliferation1 Another investigation into the antitumor effects of C($ e?amined the role of intercellular adhesion molecule3 (,CAB3 "16 28 ,CAB3 e?-ression has been re-orted to be negatively correlated 'ith cancermetastasis1 ,n lung cancer cell lines7 C($ u-regulated ,CAB3 7 leading to decreased cancer cell invasiveness1 ,n an in vivo model using severe combined immunodeficient mice7 subcutaneous tumors 'ere generated by inoculating the animals 'ith cells from human non3small cell lung carcinoma cell lines16208 Tumor gro'th 'as inhibited by @0C in THC3treated mice com-ared 'ith vehicle3treated control mice1 Tumor s-ecimens revealed that THC had antiangiogenic and anti-roliferative effects1 Ho'ever7 research 'ith immunocom-etent murine tumor models has demonstrated immunosu--ression and enhanced tumor gro'th in mice treated 'ith THC1 62 7228 ,n addition7 both -lant3derived and endogenous cannabinoids have been studied for anti3 inflammatoryeffects1 A mouse study demonstrated that endogenous cannabinoid system signaling is li)ely to -rovide intrinsic -rotection against colonic inflammation162!8 As a result7 a hy-othesis that -hytocannabinoids and endocannabinoids may be useful in the ris) reduction and treatment of colorectal cancer has been develo-ed162<32A8 C($ may also enhance u-ta)e of cytoto?ic drugs into malignant cells1 Activation of the transient rece-tor -otential vanilloid ty-e 2 (T/#&2" has been sho'n to inhibit -roliferation of human glioblastoma multiforme cells and overcome resistance to the chemothera-y agent carmustine16288 ,n an in vitro model7 C($ increased T/#&2 activation and increased u-ta)e of cytoto?ic drugs7 leading to a-o-tosis of glioma cells 'ithout affecting normal human astrocytes1 This suggests that coadministration of C($ 'ith cytoto?ic agents may increase drug u-ta)e and -otentiate cell death in human glioma cells1 Appetite Stimulation

Bany animal studies have -reviously demonstrated that delta393THC and other cannabinoids have a stimulatory effect on a--etite and increase food inta)e1 ,t is believed that the endogenous cannabinoid system may serve as a regulator of feeding behavior1 The endogenous cannabinoid anandamide -otently enhances a--etite in mice16298 Boreover7 C( rece-tors in the hy-othalamus may be involved in the motivational or re'ard as-ects of eating16!08 Analgesia 0nderstanding the mechanism of cannabinoid3induced analgesia has been increased through the study of cannabinoid rece-tors7 endocannabinoids7 and synthetic agonists and antagonists1 The C( rece-tor is found in both the central nervous system (C+S" and in -eri-heral nerve terminals1 Similar too-ioid rece-tors7 increased levels of the C( rece-tor are found in regions of the brain that regulate nocice-tive -rocessing16! 8 C(2 rece-tors7 located -redominantly in -eri-heral tissue7 e?ist at very lo' levels in the C+S1 Dith the develo-ment of rece-tor3s-ecific antagonists7 additional information about the roles of the rece-tors and endogenous cannabinoids in the modulation of -ain has been obtained16!27!!8 Cannabinoids may also contribute to -ain modulation through an anti3inflammatory mechanismE a C(2 effect 'ith cannabinoids acting on mast cell rece-tors to attenuate the release of inflammatory agents7 such as histamine and serotonin7 and on )eratinocytes to enhance the release of analgesic o-ioids has been described16!<3!@8 :ne study re-orted that the efficacy of synthetic C( 3 and C(23rece-tor agonists 'ere com-arable 'ith the efficacy of mor-hine in a murine model of tumor -ain16!A8 Re erences 1 Adams ,(7 Bartin (/2 Cannabis2 -harmacology and to?icology in animals and humans1 Addiction 9 ( "2 =8=3@ <7 99@1 6#0(BE$ Abstract8 21 Frotenhermen G7 /usso E7 eds12 Cannabis and Cannabinoids2 #harmacology7 To?icology7 and Thera-eutic #otential1 (inghamton7 +H2 The Ha'orth #ress7 20021 !1 +ational To?icology #rogram 12 +T# to?icology and carcinogenesis studies of 3 trans3delta(9"3tetrahydrocannabinol (CAS +o1 9A23083!" in G!<< rats and (@C!G mice (gavage studies"1 +atl To?icol #rogram Tech /e- Ser <<@ ("2 3! A7 99@1 6#0(BE$ Abstract8

<1 (ifulco B7 ;ae>>a C7 #isanti S7 et al12 Cannabinoids and cancer2 -ros and cons of an antitumour strategy1 (r I #harmacol <8 (2"2 2!3!=7 200@1 6#0(BE$ Abstract8

=1 SJnche> C7 de Ceballos B;7 Fome> del #ulgar T7 et al12 ,nhibition of glioma gro'th in vivo by selective activation of the C((2" cannabinoid rece-tor1 Cancer /es @ ( ="2 =A8<397 200 1 6#0(BE$ Abstract8 @1 BcKalli- /I7 ;ombard C7 Gisher B7 et al12 Targeting C(2 cannabinoid rece-tors as a novel thera-y to treat malignant lym-hoblastic disease1 (lood 00 (2"2 @2A3!<7 20021 6#0(BE$ Abstract8 A1 Casanova B;7 (lJ>5ue> C7 BartLne>3#alacio I7 et al12 ,nhibition of s)in tumor gro'th and angiogenesis in vivo by activation of cannabinoid rece-tors1 I Clin ,nvest ( "2 <!3=07 200!1 6#0(BE$ Abstract8 81 (lJ>5ue> C7 Fon>Jle>3Geria ;7 Alvare> ;7 et al12 Cannabinoids inhibit the vascular endothelial gro'th factor -ath'ay in gliomas1 Cancer /es @< ( @"2 =@ A32!7 200<1 6#0(BE$ Abstract8 91 Fu>mJn B2 Cannabinoids2 -otential anticancer agents1 +at /ev Cancer ! ( 0"2 A<=3 ==7 200!1 6#0(BE$ Abstract8 01 (lJ>5ue> C7 Casanova B;7 #lanas A7 et al12 ,nhibition of tumor angiogenesis by cannabinoids1 GASE( I A (!"2 =293! 7 200!1 6#0(BE$ Abstract8 1 &accani A7 Bassi #7 Colombo A7 et al12 Cannabidiol inhibits human glioma cell migration through a cannabinoid rece-tor3inde-endent mechanism1 (r I #harmacol << (8"2 0!23@7 200=1 6#0(BE$ Abstract8 21 /amer /7 (ublit> K7 Greimuth +7 et al12 Cannabidiol inhibits lung cancer cell invasion and metastasis via intercellular adhesion molecule3 1 GASE( I 2@ (<"2 =!=3<87 20 21 6#0(BE$ Abstract8 !1 &elasco F7 SJnche> C7 Fu>mJn B2 To'ards the use of cannabinoids as antitumour agents1 +at /ev Cancer 2 (@"2 <!@3<<7 20 21 6#0(BE$ Abstract8 <1 Torres S7 ;orente B7 /odrLgue>3GornMs G7 et al12 A combined -reclinical thera-y of cannabinoids and temo>olomide against glioma1 Bol Cancer Ther 0 ( "2 903 0!7 20 1 6#0(BE$ Abstract8 =1 &ara $7 Sala>ar B7 :lea3Herrero +7 et al12 Anti3tumoral action of cannabinoids on he-atocellular carcinoma2 role of AB#K3de-endent activation of auto-hagy1 Cell $eath $iffer 8 (A"2 0993 7 20 1 6#0(BE$ Abstract8

@1 #reet A7 %amri N7 +asser BD7 et al12 Cannabinoid rece-tors7 C( and C(27 as novel targets for inhibition of non3small cell lung cancer gro'th and metastasis1 Cancer #rev /es (#hila" < ( "2 @=3A=7 20 1 6#0(BE$ Abstract8 A1 +asser BD7 %amri N7 $eol HS7 et al12 Crosstal) bet'een chemo)ine rece-tor COC/< and cannabinoid rece-tor C(2 in modulating breast cancer gro'th and invasion1 #;oS :ne @ (9"2 e2!90 7 20 1 6#0(BE$ Abstract8 81 Shrivastava A7 Ku>ont)os)i #B7 Froo-man IE7 et al12 Cannabidiol induces -rogrammed cell death in breast cancer cells by coordinating the cross3tal) bet'een a-o-tosis and auto-hagy1 Bol Cancer Ther 0 (A"2 @ 3A27 20 1 6#0(BE$ Abstract8 91 Aviello F7 /omano (7 (orrelli G7 et al12 Chemo-reventive effect of the non3 -sychotro-ic -hytocannabinoid cannabidiol on e?-erimental colon cancer1 I Bol Bed ((erl" 90 (8"2 92=3!<7 20 21 6#0(BE$ Abstract8 201 #reet A7 FanPu /K7 Froo-man IE2 $elta93Tetrahydrocannabinol inhibits e-ithelial gro'th factor3induced lung cancer cell migration in vitro as 'ell as its gro'th and metastasis in vivo1 :ncogene 2A (!"2 !!93<@7 20081 6#0(BE$ Abstract8 2 1 Nhu ;O7 Sharma S7 Stolina B7 et al12 $elta393tetrahydrocannabinol inhibits antitumor immunity by a C(2 rece-tor3mediated7 cyto)ine3de-endent -ath'ay1 I ,mmunol @= ( "2 !A!3807 20001 6#0(BE$ Abstract8 221 BcKalli- /I7 +agar)atti B7 +agar)atti #S2 $elta393tetrahydrocannabinol enhances breast cancer gro'th and metastasis by su--ression of the antitumor immune res-onse1 I ,mmunol A< (@"2 !28 397 200=1 6#0(BE$ Abstract8 2!1 Bassa G7 Barsicano F7 Hermann H7 et al12 The endogenous cannabinoid system -rotects against colonic inflammation1 I Clin ,nvest ! (8"2 202397 200<1 6#0(BE$ Abstract8 2<1 #atsos HA7 Hic)s $I7 Freenhough A7 et al12 Cannabinoids and cancer2 -otential for colorectal cancer thera-y1 (iochem Soc Trans !! (#t <"2 A 23<7 200=1 6#0(BE$ Abstract8 2=1 ;iu DB7 Go'ler $D7 $algleish AF2 Cannabis3derived substances in cancer thera-y33an emerging anti3inflammatory role for the cannabinoids1 Curr Clin #harmacol = (<"2 28 3A7 20 01 6#0(BE$ Abstract8

2@1 Balfitano AB7 Ciaglia E7 Fangemi F7 et al12 0-date on the endocannabinoid system as an anticancer target1 E?-ert :-in Ther Targets = (!"2 29A3!087 20 1 6#0(BE$ Abstract8 2A1 Sarfara> S7 Adhami &B7 Syed $+7 et al12 Cannabinoids for cancer treatment2 -rogress and -romise1 Cancer /es @8 (2"2 !!93<27 20081 6#0(BE$ Abstract8 281 +abissi B7 Borelli B(7 Santoni B7 et al12 Triggering of the T/#&2 channel by cannabidiol sensiti>es glioblastoma cells to cytoto?ic chemothera-eutic agents1 Carcinogenesis !< ( "2 <83=A7 20 !1 6#0(BE$ Abstract8 291 Bechoulam /7 (erry EB7 Avraham H7 et al12 Endocannabinoids7 feeding and suc)ling33from our -ers-ective1 ,nt I :bes (;ond" !0 (Su--l "2 S2<387 200@1 6#0(BE$ Abstract8 !01 Gride E7 (regman T7 Kir)ham TC2 Endocannabinoids and food inta)e2 ne'born suc)ling and a--etite regulation in adulthood1 E?- (iol Bed (Bay'ood" 2!0 (<"2 22=3!<7 200=1 6#0(BE$ Abstract8 ! 1 Dal)er IB7 Hohmann AF7 Bartin DI7 et al12 The neurobiology of cannabinoid analgesia1 ;ife Sci @= (@3A"2 @@=3A!7 9991 6#0(BE$ Abstract8 !21 Beng ,$7 Banning (H7 Bartin DI7 et al12 An analgesia circuit activated by cannabinoids1 +ature !9= (@A00"2 !8 3!7 9981 6#0(BE$ Abstract8 !!1 Dal)er IB7 Huang SB7 Strangman +B7 et al12 #ain modulation by release of the endogenous cannabinoid anandamide1 #roc +atl Acad Sci 0 S A 9@ (2 "2 2 98320!7 9991 6#0(BE$ Abstract8 !<1 Gacci ;7 $al Toso /7 /omanello S7 et al12 Bast cells e?-ress a -eri-heral cannabinoid rece-tor 'ith differential sensitivity to anandamide and -almitoylethanolamide1 #roc +atl Acad Sci 0 S A 92 (8"2 !!A@3807 99=1 6#0(BE$ Abstract8 !=1 ,brahim BB7 #orreca G7 ;ai I7 et al12 C(2 cannabinoid rece-tor activation -roduces antinocice-tion by stimulating -eri-heral release of endogenous o-ioids1 #roc +atl Acad Sci 0 S A 02 (8"2 !09!387 200=1 6#0(BE$ Abstract8 !@1 /ichardson I$7 Kilo S7 Hargreaves KB2 Cannabinoids reduce hy-eralgesia and inflammation via interaction 'ith -eri-heral C( rece-tors1 #ain A= ( "2 397 9981 6#0(BE$ Abstract8

!A1 Khasabova ,A7 Fielissen I7 Chandiramani A7 et al12 C( and C(2 rece-tor agonists -romote analgesia through synergy in a murine model of tumor -ain1 (ehav #harmacol 22 (=3@"2 @0A3 @7 20 1 6#0(BE$ Abstract8

htt-2//'''1cancer1gov/cancerto-ics/-d5/cam/cannabis/health-rofessional/-age< ;aboratorium / He'an / -ra)linis Studi Banusia / Clinical Studi Efe) sam-ing /ing)asan (u)ti FanPa dan Cannabinoids #erubahan /ing)asan ini ( 20 !/08/02 " Tentang ini #$% /ing)asan #ilihan halaman Ceta) Halaman ini Ceta) $o)umen ,ni ;ihat Seluruh $o)umen Email $o)umen ini (oo)mar) * (agi)an Sumber #o-uler +C, Kamus ,stilah Kan)er +C, :bat Kamus Cari Clinical Trials +C, #ubli)asi Es-a.ol +C, Highlight ;a-oran )e-ada (angsa BenunPu))an 0S Kan)er Tarif Kematian ;anPut)an $ro#endidi)an dan #elatihan untu) #rofesional Kesehatan Tren Kan)er ;a-oran KemaPuan 2 20 /20 2 #embaruan ;aboratorium / He'an / -ra)linis Studi Efe) antitumor a--etite Stimulasi analgesia Cannabinoids adalah )elom-o) senya'a ter-eno-henolic 2 3 )arbon yang mengandung di-rodu)si oleh Cannabis sativa uni) dan s-esies indica Cannabis 1 6 72 8 Senya'a ini diturun)an dari tanaman da-at disebut sebagai -hytocannabinoids 1 Bes)i-un delta 3 9 3 tetrahydrocannabinol ( THC " adalah bahan -si)oa)tif utama 7 senya'a lain yang di)enal dengan a)tivitas biologis yang cannabinol 7 cannabidiol ( C($ " 7 cannabichromene 7 cannabigerol 7 tetrahydrocannabivarin 7 dan delta 3 8 3 THC 1 C($ 7 )hususnya 7 di-er)ira)an memili)i a)tivitas analgesi) dan anti 3 inflamasi yang signifi)an tan-a efe) -si)oa)tif ( tinggi " dari delta 3 9 3 THC 1 Efe) antitumor Satu studi -ada ti)us dan ti)us menunPu))an bah'a cannabinoid mung)in memili)i efe) -erlindungan terhada- -engembangan bebera-a Penis tumor 6 ! 8 Selama 2 tahun ini studi 7

)elom-o) ti)us dan ti)us diberi berbagai dosis THC secara gavage 1 1 #enurunan dosis yang berhubungan dengan )ePadian tumor adenoma hati dan )arsinoma he-atoseluler ( HCC " diamati -ada ti)us 1 #enurunan insiden tumor Pina) ( -oli- dan adenoma " -ada organ lain ( )elenPar susu 7 rahim 7 -ituitari 7 testis 7 dan -an)reas " Puga dicatat -ada ti)us 1 $alam studi lain7 delta 3 9 3 THC 7 delta 3 8 3 THC 7 dan cannabinol ditemu)an menghambat -ertumbuhan sel adeno)arsinoma -aru3-aru ;e'is in vitro dan in vivo 1 6 < 8 Selain itu 7 tumor lainnya telah terbu)ti -e)a terhada- -enghambatan -ertumbuhan cannabinoid diindu)si 6 =38 8 1 Cannabinoids da-at menyebab)an efe) antitumor oleh berbagai me)anisme 7 termasu) indu)si )ematian sel 7 -enghambatan -ertumbuhan sel 7 dan menghambat angiogenesis invasi tumor dan metastasis 1 6 93 2 8 Satu revie' merang)um me)anisme mole)uler )anabinoid sebagai agen antitumor 1 6 ! 8 Cannabinoids muncul untu) membunuh sel tumor ta-i tida) mem-engaruhi re)an3re)an nontransformed mere)a dan bah)an da-at melindungi mere)a dari )ematian sel 1 Senya'a ini telah terbu)ti mengindu)si a-o-tosis -ada sel glioma dalam budaya dan mengindu)si regresi tumor glioma -ada ti)us dan ti)us 1 Cannabinoids melindungi sel3sel glial normal garis )eturunan astroglial dan oligodendroglial dari a-o-tosis dimediasi oleh rese-tor C( 1 6 < 8 Efe) dari delta 3 9 3 THC dan agonis sinteti) dari rese-tor C(2 diselidi)i -ada HCC 6 = 8 Kedua agen mengurangi viabilitas sel HCC in vitro dan menunPu))an efe) antitumor -ada HCC sub)utan ?enograft -ada ti)us telanPang 1 1 #enyelidi)an dido)umentasi)an bah'a efe) anti 3 HCC dimediasi oleh cara rese-tor C(2 1 Seru-a dengan temuan dalam sel glioma 7 cannabinoid ditunPu))an untu) memicu )ematian sel melalui stimulasi dari stres reti)ulum endo-lasma Palur yang menga)tif)an auto-hagy dan mem-romosi)an a-o-tosis 1 #enyelidi)an lain telah meng)onfirmasi bah'a C( dan C(2 rese-tor mung)in target -otensial dalam sel )arsinoma -aru non 3 )ecil 6 @ 8 dan )an)er -ayudara 1 6 A 8 Sebuah -enelitian in vitro -engaruh C($ -ada )ematian sel ter-rogram dalam baris sel )an)er -ayudara menemu)an bah'a C($ diindu)si sel mati ter-rogram7 inde-enden dari C( 7 C(2 7 atau rese-tor vanilloid 1 C($ menghambat )elangsungan hidu- 3negatif rese-tor garis )an)er -ayudara estrogen rese-tor 3 -ositif dan estrogen sel 7 mengindu)si a-o-tosis dengan cara yang tergantung )onsentrasi sementara memili)i sedi)it efe) -ada nontumorigenic 7 sel susu 1 6 8 8 C($ Puga telah ditunPu))an untu) mengerah)an efe) )emo-reventif dalam model ti)us )an)er usus besar 1 6 9 8 $alam sistem e)s-erimental 7 a>o?ymethane -ening)atan lesi -ra)an)er dan ganas di usus ti)us 1 He'an diobati dengan a>o?ymethane dan C($ bersamaan dilindungi dari mengembang)an lesi -ra)an)er dan ganas 1 $alam -ercobaan in vitro yang melibat)an Palur sel )an)er )olore)tal 7 -ara -eneliti menemu)an bah'a $+A dilindungi C($ dari )erusa)an o)sidatif 7 -ening)atan ting)at endocannabinoid 7 dan -roliferasi sel ber)urang 1 #enyelidi)an lain menPadi efe) antitumor dari C($ meneliti -eran adhesi antar mole)ul 3 ( ,CAB 3 " 6 2 8 ,CAB 3 e)s-resi telah dila-or)an ber)orelasi negatif dengan metastasis )an)er 1 1 $alam baris sel )an)er -aru3-aru 7 C($ diregulasi ,CAB 3 7 yang menyebab)an -enurunan invasi sel )an)er 1 $alam suatu model in vivo mengguna)an ti)us imunodefisiensi gabungan yang -arah 7 tumor sub)utan yang dihasil)an oleh ino)ulasi he'an dengan sel dari -aru3-aru )arsinoma sel baris sel )ecil manusia1 6 20 8 Tumor -ertumbuhan dihambat oleh @0 C -ada ti)us THC 3 diobati

dibanding)an dengan )endaraan 3 di-erla)u)an ti)us )ontrol 1 S-esimen tumor mengung)a-)an bah'a THC memili)i efe) antiangiogeni) dan anti-roliferatif 1 +amun7 -enelitian dengan model tumor murine imuno)om-eten telah menunPu))an imunosu-resi dan -ertumbuhan tumor diting)at)an -ada ti)us yang diobati dengan THC 1 6 2 722 8 Selain itu7 )edua cannabinoid yang diturun)an dari tanaman dan endogen telah di-elaPari untu) efe) anti 3 inflamasi 1 Sebuah -enelitian ti)us menunPu))an bah'a sistem cannabinoid endogen sinyal )emung)inan untu) memberi)an -erlindungan intrinsi) terhada- -eradangan )olon 6 2! 8 Sebagai hasilnya 7 hi-otesis yang -hytocannabinoids dan endocannabinoids mung)in berguna dalam -engurangan risi)o dan -engobatan )an)er )olore)tal telah di)embang)an 1 6 2< 1 32A 8 C($ Puga da-at mening)at)an -enyera-an obat sitoto)si) menPadi sel3sel ganas 1 A)tivasi dari rese-tor transien -otensial vanilloid ti-e 2 ( T/#&2 " telah terbu)ti da-at menghambat -roliferasi sel glioblastoma manusia dan mengatasi resistensi terhada- agen )emotera-i carmustine 1 6 28 8 $alam suatu model in vitro 7 C($ mening)at T/#&2 a)tivasi dan -ening)atan -enyera-an sitoto)si) obat3obatan7 yang menyebab)an a-o-tosis sel3sel glioma tan-a mem-engaruhi astrosit manusia normal 1 Hal ini menunPu))an bah'a -emberian bersamaan C($ dengan agen sitoto)si) da-at mening)at)an -enyera-an obat dan mem-otensiasi )ematian sel -ada sel glioma manusia 1 a--etite Stimulasi (anya) -enelitian -ada he'an sebelumnya telah menunPu))an bah'a delta 3 9 3 THC dan lainnya cannabinoids memili)i efe) stimulasi -ada nafsu ma)an dan mening)at)an asu-an ma)anan 1 Hal ini diya)ini bah'a sistem cannabinoid endogen da-at berfungsi sebagai -engatur -erila)u ma)an 1 Endogen cannabinoid anandamide -otently mening)at)an nafsu ma)an -ada ti)us 6 29 8 Selain itu 7 C( rese-tor di hi-otalamus mung)in terlibat dalam as-e) motivasi atau hadiah ma)an 1 6 !0 8 1 analgesia Bemahami me)anisme cannabinoid 3induced analgesia telah diting)at)an melalui studi rese-tor cannabinoid 7 endocannabinoids 7 dan agonis sinteti) dan antagonis 1 C( rese-tor yang ditemu)an di )edua sistem saraf -usat ( SS# " dan terminal saraf -erifer 1 Biri- dengan rese-tor o-ioid 7 -ening)atan )adar rese-tor C( ditemu)an di daerah ota) yang mengatur -engolahan nocice-tive 1 6 ! 8 rese-tor C(2 7 yang terleta) terutama di Paringan -erifer 7 ada -ada ting)at yang sangat rendah dalam SS# 1 $engan -er)embangan antagonis rese-tor s-esifi) 7 informasi tambahan tentang -eran rese-tor cannabinoid endogen dan dalam modulasi nyeri telah di-eroleh 1 6 !27!! 8 Cannabinoids Puga da-at menyebab)an modulasi nyeri melalui me)anisme anti 3 inflamasi 7 efe) C(2 cannabinoid dengan bertinda) -ada rese-tor sel mast untu) melemah)an -ele-asan agen inflamasi 7 se-erti histamin dan serotonin 7 dan )eratinosit untu) mening)at)an -ele-asan o-ioid analgesi) telah diPelas)an 6 !<3!@ 8 satu studi mela-or)an bah'a )eam-uhan sinteti) agonis C( 3 dan 3 rese-tor C(2 sebanding dengan )emanPuran morfin dalam model murine sa)it tumor 1 1 6 !A 8