STATISTIKA NA @IVOTNATA SREDINA ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS

Izdava~: Republika Makedonija, Dr`aven zavod za statistika, ul. "Dame Gruev" br.4, Skopje Publisher: Republic of Macedonia, State Statistical Office, "Dame Gruev"- 4, Skopje Telefon/Phone +389 (0)2 3295-600 Faks/Fax +389 (0)2 3111-336 web - stranica/website: http://www.stat.gov.mk Odgovara m-r Blagica Novkovska, direktor Person responsible: MSc Blagica Novkovska, Director

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CIP - Katalogizacija vo publikacija Nacionalna i univerzitetska biblioteka "Sv. Kliment Ohridski", Skopje 31:502/504 (497.7) 502/504 (497.7) (083.41) STATISTIKA na `ivotna sredina, 2007/ [koordinatori Violeta Panovska, Suzana Stojanovska ; preveduva~ od angliski Elena Georgievska, Vera Mir~evska-Jovanovska] = Environmental statistics, 2007 [coordinators Violeta Panovska, Suzana Stojanovska ; translator into English Elena Georgievska, Vera Mirchevska-Jovanovska] / . Skopje : Dr`aven zavod za statistika ; Skopje : State Statistical Office . - 157 str. : graf. prikazi; 30 sm Tekst naporedno na mak. i angl.jazik ISBN 978-9989-167-94-2 1.Nasp. stv.nasl. a) @ivotna sredina - Makedonija - Statistika COBISS.MK-ID 70710538

Koordinatori: Violeta Panovska, Suzana Stojanovska Coordinators: Violeta Panovska, Suzana Stojanovska Vo podgotovkata na podatocite u~estvuvaa: Od Dr`avniot zavod za statistika: Goran Kiranxiski, Darko Zlatkov, Apostol Simovski, Slavka Trpkova, Sne`ana Georgievska, Katerina \ur|ulova-Agovska, Violeta Krsteva, Lefterija Kalevska, Zoran Stanojkovski, Janaki Megovski, Vesna Antoska Od Ministerstvoto za `ivotna sredina: Svetlana \or|eva, Katerina Nikolovska, m-r Margareta Cvetkovska, Zoran Veli~kov, m-r Robertina Brajanoska, Maja Gramatikova, Qupka Dimovska Zajkov, d-r Vladimir Kendrovski, m-r Marijonka Vilarova, Aneta Stefanovska, Aleksandra Nestorovska - Krsteska, Emilija ]upeva, m-r Teodora Grn~arovska Persons responsable for the preparation of data: From the State Statistical Office: Goran Kirandziski, Darko Zlatkov, Apostol Simovski, Slavka Trpkova, Snezhana Georgievska, Katerina Gjurgjulova-Agovska, Violeta Krsteva, Lefterija Kalevska, Zoran Stanojkovski, Janaki Megovski, Vesna Antoska From the Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning: Svetlana Gjorgjeva, Katerina Nikolovska, Margareta Cvetkovska MSc , Zoran Velichkov, Robertina Brajanoska MSc, Maja Gramatikova, Ljupka Dimovska Zajkov, Vladimir Kendrovski PhD, Marijonka Vilarova MSc, Aneta Stefanovska, Aleksandra Nestorovska Krsteska, Emilija Kjupeva, Teodora Grncharovska MSc Lektor na makedonski jazik: Jasmina \orgieva Macedonian proofreading: Jasmina Gjorgieva Preveduva~ na angliski: Od Dr`avniot zavod za statistika: Elena Georgievska Od Ministerstvoto za `ivotna sredina: Vera Mir~evska - Jovanovska Translator into English: From the State Statistical Office: Elena Georgievska From the Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning: Vera Mirchevska - Jovanovska Likovno, grafi~ko i tehni~ko ureduvawe: Tatjana \or|ievska Art, graphical and technical editing: Tatjana Gjorgjievska Izleguva edna{ na dve godini Bi-annual publication Tira`/Number of copies printed: 1000 Stranici/Pages: 157 Pe~ateno vo: Printed in:

PREDGOVOR
Osnovna funkcija na statistikata e preku statisti~ki podatoci da dade prikaz na ekonomskite, socijalnite i demografskite pojavi vo edna dr`ava. Promenite, {to se slu~uvaat vo `ivotnata sredina vo Republika Makedonija kako i se pogolemiot interes na doma{nite i stranskite korisnici za ovaa problematika, pretstavuva predizvik za Dr`avniot zavod za statistika da obezbedi statisti~ki podatoci za `ivotnata sredina. Statistikata za `ivotna sredina so koja raspolaga Dr`avniot zavod za statistika opfa}a samo opredelen set na indikatori. So cel da se dobie poseopfatna slika za sostojbite so `ivotnata sredina vo Republika Makedonija, Dr`avniot zavod za statistika vo sorabotka so Ministerstvoto za `ivotna sredina i prostorno planirawe, a so stru~na i finansiska pomo{ od [vedskata agencija za razvoj-SIDA go podgotvija prvoto izdanie na ovaa publikacija za `ivotna sredina. Publikacijata sodr`i golem set na indikatori za `ivotna sredina, koi se raspolo`livi vo ovie i vo drugi institucii vo Republika Makedonija i so koi se prika`uva kvalitetot na mediumite na `ivotna sredina ( voda, vozduh, po~va), ekolo{kite problemi (osiroma{uvawe na ozonskiot sloj i klimatskite promeni, za{titata na `ivotnata sredina i gubeweto na biolo{kata raznovidnost, sozdavaweto na otpad i upravuvaweto so nego) i kreiraweto na sektorskite politiki ( indikatori povrzani so zemjodelstvoto, {umarstvoto, turizmot i instrumentite na politikata za za{tita na `ivotnata sredina). Vo idnina Dr`avniot zavod za statistika planira da ja pro{iruva opfatnosta na statisti~ki indikatori za `ivotnata sredina, a dinamikata na izdavawe na ovaa publikacija da bide so dvegodi{na periodika. Site predlozi i zabele{ki na korisnicite za opaftnosta na ovaa publikacija }e bidat razgledani. Direktor, m-r Blagica Novkovska

PREFACE
The basic function of statistics is, through statistical data, to present the economic, the social and the demographic phenomena in a country. The changes occurring in the environment in the Republic of Macedonia, as well as the increasing interest of the domestic and the foreign users in this problem, present a challenge for the State Statistical Office to provide statistical data on the living environment. The statistics on living environment in disposal of the State Statistical Office scopes only determined set of indicators. In order to get more comprehensive image of the conditions of the living environment in the Republic of Macedonia, the State Statistical Office, in cooperation with the Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning, and with expert and financial help from the Swedish Development Agency-Sida have prepared the first edition of this publication on living environment. The publication contains large set of indicators on living environment, which are available in these and in other institutions in the Republic of Macedonia and which show the quality of the living environment media (water, air, soil), the environmental problems (the depletion of the ozone layer and the climate changes, the protection of the living environment and the loss of the bio-diversity, the producing of waste and its management) and the sector policy making (indicators connected to agriculture, forestry, tourism and the living environment protection policy instruments). In future, the State Statistical Office plans to expand the scope of statistical indicators on the living environment, and the dynamics of publishing this publication will be bi-annual. All users suggestions and remarks on the scope of this publication will be taken into consideration. Director, MSc Blagica Novkovska

Sodr`ina
PREDGOVOR .................................................................................................................................................................................3

1. @ivotna sredina ............................................................................................................................................. 13

1. Voved .......................................................................................................................................................................................13 1.1 Problemi vo `ivotnata sredina vo Republika Makedonija..........................................................................................13 1.1.1 Osnovni slabosti za re{avawe na problemite vo `ivotnata sredina ................................................................14 1.1.2 Merki za nadminuvawe na slabostite za re{avawe na problemite vo `ivotnata sredina ...............................15 1.2 Metodologija na izgotvuvawe na Publikacijata .............................................................................................................16 1.2.1 Pristap na DPSIR vo izrabotkata na poglavjata......................................................................................................17

2. Osnovni podatoci za zemjata......................................................................................................................... 19

Voved ...........................................................................................................................................................................................19 2.1 Karta na Republika Makedonija .......................................................................................................................................20 2.2 Temperatura na vozduhot ...................................................................................................................................................21 2.3 Vrne`i .................................................................................................................................................................................22 2.4 Naselenie ............................................................................................................................................................................23 2.5 Vrabotenost.........................................................................................................................................................................25 2.6 Bruto-doma{en proizvod ...................................................................................................................................................26 2.7 Dodadena vrednost, po sektori.........................................................................................................................................27

3. Koristewe na zemji{teto i zemjodelstvo .................................................................................................. 29

Voved ...........................................................................................................................................................................................29 3.1 Upotreba na zemji{teto vo soglasnost so Nomenklaturata CORINE Land COVER ....................................................30 3.2 Povr{ina na zemji{teto po kategorii na koristewe ....................................................................................................32 3.3 Zemjodelsko zemji{te po kategorii na koristewe..........................................................................................................33 3.4 Povr{ina pod {uma .............................................................................................................................................................34 3.5 Pasi{ta.................................................................................................................................................................................35 3.6 Broj na dobitok po vidovi i po kategorii .......................................................................................................................36 3.7 Broj na p~elni semejstva ....................................................................................................................................................37 3.8. Bruto-bilans na azot..........................................................................................................................................................38 3.9.1 Proizvodstvo na pesticidi..........................................................................................................................................39 3.9.2 Proizvodstvo na ve{ta~ki |ubriva.............................................................................................................................40

4. Biolo{ka raznovidnost i {umarstvo ........................................................................................................ 41

Voved ...........................................................................................................................................................................................41 4.1 Broj na endemi~ni i zagrozeni divi rastitelni vidovi ................................................................................................42 4.2 Broj na endemi~ni i zagrozeni 'rbetni `ivotinski vidovi...........................................................................................43 4.3 Broj na zagrozeni vidovi gabi ............................................................................................................................................44 4.4 Otstrelan dive~, po vidovi...............................................................................................................................................45 4.5 Ulov na slatkovodna riba, po vidovi ...............................................................................................................................46 4.6 Broj i povr{ina na za{titeni podra~ja............................................................................................................................47 4.7 [umi, po vidovi...................................................................................................................................................................48 4.8 Ise~ena drvna masa............................................................................................................................................................49 4.9 [teti vo {umite.................................................................................................................................................................50

5. Po~va................................................................................................................................................................... 51
Voved ...........................................................................................................................................................................................51 5.1. Povr{ina zafatena so erozija na po~vata......................................................................................................................52 5.2.Industriski kontaminirani lokaliteti - "`ari{ta"....................................................................................................54

6. Otpad .................................................................................................................................................................. 57
Voved ...........................................................................................................................................................................................57 6.1 Op{tinski deponii za otpad .............................................................................................................................................58 6.2 Recikla`a ............................................................................................................................................................................60 6.3 Izvoz i uvoz na otpad, po dejnosti ....................................................................................................................................61

7. Voda .................................................................................................................................................................... 63
Voved ...........................................................................................................................................................................................63 7.1 Karta na re~ni slivovi ......................................................................................................................................................64 7.2 Protok na rekite ................................................................................................................................................................65 7.3 Na~in na snabduvawe so voda za piewe na doma}instvata i opremenost na stanovite so instalacii za snabduvawe so voda za piewe, 2002 ........................................................................................................................................66 7.4 Opremenost na stanovite so instalacii za isfrlawe na otpadnite vodi, 2002 .......................................................67 7.5 Kvalitet na vodata za piewe ............................................................................................................................................68 7.6 Kvalitet na vodata za kapewe - ezera vo Republika Makedonija ...............................................................................69

Content
PREFACE....................................................................................................................................................................................... 3 1. Introduction............................................................................................................................................................................... 13 1.1 Environmental problems in the Republic of Macedonia ........................................................................................................ 13 1.1.1 Basic weaknesses in solving the environmental problems............................................................................................... 14 1.1.2 Measures for overcoming the weaknesses in solving the problems in the environment .................................................. 15 1.2 Methodology for preparation of the Publication .................................................................................................................... 16 1.2.1 Approach of DPSIR in the chapters development ............................................................................................................ 17 Introduction................................................................................................................................................................................... 19 2.1 Map of the Republic of Macedonia ......................................................................................................................................... 20 2.2 Air temperature ....................................................................................................................................................................... 21 2.3 Precipitation............................................................................................................................................................................ 22 2.4 Population .............................................................................................................................................................................. 25 2.5 Employment............................................................................................................................................................................ 25 2.6 Gross Domestic Product at market prices ............................................................................................................................. 26 2.7 Value added (at basic prices) by sector.................................................................................................................................. 27 Introduction................................................................................................................................................................................... 29 3.1 Land use in accordance with CORINE Land COVER nomenclature ..................................................................................... 30 3.2. Land area by categories of use ............................................................................................................................................. 32 3.3 Agricultural land by categories of use..................................................................................................................................... 33 3.4 Area under forest .................................................................................................................................................................... 34 3.5 Pastures ................................................................................................................................................................................. 35 3.6 Number of livestock by species and categories ..................................................................................................................... 36 3.7 Number of beehives ............................................................................................................................................................... 37 3.8 Gross-balance of nitrogene .................................................................................................................................................... 38 3.9.1 Production of pesticides ...................................................................................................................................................... 39 3.9.2. Production of artificial fertilizers.......................................................................................................................................... 40 Introduction................................................................................................................................................................................... 41 4.1 Number of endemic and threatened species among the higher plants .................................................................................. 42 4.2 Number of endemic and threatened vertebrate species......................................................................................................... 43 4.3 Number of threatened species of fungi................................................................................................................................... 44 4.4. Hunted game by species ....................................................................................................................................................... 45 4.5. Fresh-water fish catches by species ..................................................................................................................................... 46 4.6 Number and area of designated areas ................................................................................................................................... 47 4.7 Forests by species.................................................................................................................................................................. 48 4.8 Harvested timber .................................................................................................................................................................... 49 4.9 Forest damages...................................................................................................................................................................... 50 Introduction................................................................................................................................................................................... 51 5.1 Area affected by soil erosion................................................................................................................................................... 52 5.2 Identified industrial contaminated sites hotspots............................................................................................................... 54 Introduction................................................................................................................................................................................... 57 6.1 Municipal landfills ................................................................................................................................................................... 58 6.2 Recycling ................................................................................................................................................................................ 60 6.3 Export/Import of waste, by activities ....................................................................................................................................... 64 Introduction................................................................................................................................................................................... 63 7.1 Map of river basin districts...................................................................................................................................................... 64 7.2 Water flow of rivers ................................................................................................................................................................. 65 7.3 Way of supplying the households with drinking water and equipping the dwellings with instalations for drinking water supply, Census 2002 ................................................................................................................................................................................ 66 7.4 Dwellings according to waste water discharge installations facilities, Census 2002 .............................................................. 67 7.5 Drinking water quality ............................................................................................................................................................. 68 7.6 Bathing water quality-Lakes in the Republic of Macedonia .................................................................................................... 69

1. Living Environment............................................................................................................................................ 13

2. Basic data for the country ................................................................................................................................. 19

3. Land use and Agriculture .................................................................................................................................. 29

4. Biodiversity and Forestry .................................................................................................................................. 41

5. Soil....................................................................................................................................................................... 51

6.Waste .................................................................................................................................................................... 57

7. Water.................................................................................................................................................................... 63

7.7 Koncentracii na BPK5 vo rekite .....................................................................................................................................70 7.8 Koncentracii na totalen amonium vo rekite ..................................................................................................................71 7.9 Nitrati vo rekite ...............................................................................................................................................................72 7.10 Nitriti vo rekite .............................................................................................................................................................73 7.11 Ortofosfati vo rekite ..................................................................................................................................................74 7.12 Snabduvawe so voda vo industrijata i vo rudarstvoto ...............................................................................................75 7.13 Koristeni vodi za tehnolo{ki nameni...........................................................................................................................76 7.14 Ispu{tawe na nepre~isteni otpadni vodi od industrijata i rudarstvoto spored recipientot...........................77 7.15 Ispu{tawe na pre~isteni otpadni vodi od industrijata i rudarstvoto spored recipientot ..............................78 7.16 Otpadni vodi vo industrijata i rudarstvoto spored namenata ..................................................................................79

8. Vozduh i klimatski promeni ........................................................................................................................ 81

Voved ...........................................................................................................................................................................................81 8.1 Vkupna emisija na supstancii {to predizvikuvaat kiselost........................................................................................82 8.2 Vkupna emisija na supstancii {to predizvikuvaat kiselost, po sektori od Nomenklaturata SNAP .....................83 8.3 Vkupna emisija na SO2, po sektori.....................................................................................................................................84 8.4 Vkupna emisija na NOx, po sektori....................................................................................................................................85 8.5 Vkupna emisija na CO, po sektori.....................................................................................................................................86 8.6 Vkupna emisija na TSP, po sektori....................................................................................................................................87 8.7 Vkupna potro{uva~ka na supstancii koi ja o{tetuvaat ozonskata obvivka ...............................................................88 8.8 Emisii od golemi zagaduva~ki izvori na teritorijata na Republika Makedonija, spored NTES ...........................89 8.9 Vkupna emisija na stakleni~ki gasovi..............................................................................................................................90 8.10 Vkupna emisija na stakleni~ki gasovi, po sektori .......................................................................................................91 8.11 Proekcii na emisijata na stakleni~ki gasovi, po sektori, vo CO2-ekvivalentno [kt] (osnovno scenario) ...........92 8.12 Koncentracii na sulfur dioksid vo ambientniot vozduh vo Skopje..........................................................................93 8.13 Koncentracii na suspendirani ~esti~ki so golemina do 10 mikrometri vo ambientniot vozduh vo Skopje.......94 8.14 Koncentracii na azot dioksid vo ambientniot vozduh vo Skopje..............................................................................95 8.15 Koncentracii na ozon vo ambientniot vozduh vo Skopje ............................................................................................96 8.16 Koncentracii na jaglerod monoksid vo ambientniot vozduh vo Skopje.....................................................................97

9. Energija .............................................................................................................................................................. 99
Voved ...........................................................................................................................................................................................99 9.1 Primarno proizvodstvo na energenti .............................................................................................................................100 9.2 Proizvodstvo na elektri~na energija ............................................................................................................................101 9.3 Vkupno potrebna energija..................................................................................................................................................102 9.4 Finalna energetska potro{uva~ka, po energenti .........................................................................................................103 9.5 Finalna energetska potro{uva~ka, po sektori ............................................................................................................104

10. Transport i bu~ava ...................................................................................................................................... 105

Voved .........................................................................................................................................................................................105 10.1 Broj na registrirani vozila, po vidovi .......................................................................................................................106 10.2 Broj na merewa kade {to nivoto na bu~ava e nad 65 dB (A) .......................................................................................107 10.3 Izmereno nivo na bu~ava vo gradot Skopje ..................................................................................................................108

DODATOK ............................................................................................................................................................. 111 1. @ivotna sredina ........................................................................................................................................... 112 2. Osnovni podatoci za zemjata....................................................................................................................... 116
2.2 Temperatura na vozduhot ..................................................................................................................................................116 2.3 Vrne`i ................................................................................................................................................................................116 2.4 Naselenie ...........................................................................................................................................................................117 2.5 Vrabotenost........................................................................................................................................................................117 2.6 Vraboteni po sektori........................................................................................................................................................118 2.7 Bruto-doma{en proizvod ..................................................................................................................................................118 2.8 Dodadena vrednost po sektori.........................................................................................................................................119

3. Koristewe na zemji{te i zemjodelstvo .................................................................................................... 120

3.1 Upotreba na zemji{teto vo soglasnost so Nomenklaturata CORINE Land COVER ...................................................120 3.2 Povr{ina na zemji{teto po kategorii na koristewe ..................................................................................................120 3.3 Zemjodelsko zemji{te po kategorii na koristewe........................................................................................................120 3.4 Povr{ina pod {uma ...........................................................................................................................................................121 3.5 Pasi{ta...............................................................................................................................................................................121 3.6 Broj na dobitok po vidovi i po kategorii .....................................................................................................................121 3.7 Broj na p~elni semejstva ..................................................................................................................................................122 3.8. Bruto-bilans na azot........................................................................................................................................................122 3.9.1 Proizvodstvo na pesticidi...........................................................................................................................................122 3.9.2 Proizvodstvo na ve{ta~ki |ubriva..............................................................................................................................122

8. Air and climate changes .................................................................................................................................... 81

7.7 BOD5 concentrations in rivers................................................................................................................................................ 70 7.8 Total ammonium in rivers........................................................................................................................................................ 71 7.9 Nitrates in rivers...................................................................................................................................................................... 72 7.10 Nitrites in rivers .................................................................................................................................................................... 73 7.11 Orthophosphates in rivers ................................................................................................................................................... 74 7.12 Water supply in industry and mining .................................................................................................................................... 75 7.13 Waters used for production purposes................................................................................................................................... 76 7.14 Discharging of untreated waste water from industry and mining by recipient ..................................................................... 77 7.15 Discharging of treated waste waters from industry and mining by recipient......................................................................... 78 7.16 Waste water in industry and mining by purpose ................................................................................................................... 79 Introduction................................................................................................................................................................................... 81 8.1 Total emission of acidifying substances.................................................................................................................................. 82 8. 2. Total emission of acidifying substances, by sectors from the SNAP Nomenclature ............................................................. 83 8.3 Total emission of SO2 by sectors ............................................................................................................................................ 84 8.4 Total emission of NOx by sectors ........................................................................................................................................... 85 8.5 Total emission of CO by sectors ............................................................................................................................................. 86 8.6 Total emission of TSP by sectors............................................................................................................................................ 87 8.7 Total consumption of ozone depleting substances (ODP t/year) ............................................................................................ 88 8.8 Air emission from large point sources, per country area, NUTS regions and municipalities .................................................. 89 8.9 Total emission of GHG............................................................................................................................................................ 90 8.10 Total emission of GHG by sectors ........................................................................................................................................ 91 8.11 Projections of all GHG emissions by sectors in CO2 - equivalent [kt] (basic scenario)........................................................ 92 8.12 Concentrations of SO2 in ambient air in Skopje.................................................................................................................... 93 8.13 Concentrations of PM10 in ambient air in Skopje................................................................................................................. 94 8.14 Concentrations of NO2 in ambient air in Skopje ................................................................................................................... 95 8.15 Concentration of ozone in ambient air in Skopje .................................................................................................................. 96 8.16 Concentration of CO in ambient air in Skopje ...................................................................................................................... 97 Introduction................................................................................................................................................................................... 99 9.1 Primary production of energy commodities .......................................................................................................................... 100 9.2 Production of electrical energy ............................................................................................................................................. 101 9.3 Gross Inland Consumption (GIC) ......................................................................................................................................... 102 9.4. Final energy consumption by energy commodities ............................................................................................................ 103 9.5 Final energy consumption by sectors ................................................................................................................................... 104 Introduction................................................................................................................................................................................. 105 10.1 Registered motor vehicles by types.................................................................................................................................... 106 10.2 Number of measurements with noise level above 65 dB (A).............................................................................................. 107 10.3 Noise level measured in the City of Skopje ........................................................................................................................ 108

9. Energy ................................................................................................................................................................. 99

10. Transport and noise ....................................................................................................................................... 105

APPENDIX ..............................................................................................................................................................111 1. Living Environment.......................................................................................................................................... 112 2. Basic data for the country ............................................................................................................................... 116
2.2 Air temperature ..................................................................................................................................................................... 116 2.3 Precipitations ........................................................................................................................................................................ 116 2.4 Population............................................................................................................................................................................. 117 2.5 Employment.......................................................................................................................................................................... 117 2.6 Employed by sectors of activity ............................................................................................................................................ 118 2.7 Gross Domestic Product....................................................................................................................................................... 118 2.8 Value added (at basic prices) by sectors .............................................................................................................................. 119 3.1 Land use in accordance with CORINE Land COVER nomenclature ................................................................................... 120 3.2 Land take by categories of use............................................................................................................................................. 120 3.3 Agricultural land by categories of use................................................................................................................................... 120 3.4 Land under forest ................................................................................................................................................................. 121 3.5 Pastures ............................................................................................................................................................................... 121 3.6 Number of livestock by species and categories ................................................................................................................... 121 3.7 Number of beehives ............................................................................................................................................................. 122 3.8 Gross-balance of nitrogene .................................................................................................................................................. 122 3.9.1 Production of pesticides .................................................................................................................................................... 122 3.9.2 Production of artificial fertilizers......................................................................................................................................... 122

3. Land use and Agriculture ................................................................................................................................ 120

4. Biolo{ka raznovidnost i {umarstvo ...................................................................................................... 123

4.1 Broj na endemi~ni i zagrozeni divi rastitelni vidovi ..............................................................................................123 4.2 Broj na endemi~ni i zagrozeni 'rbetni `ivotinski vidovi.........................................................................................123 4.3 Broj na zagrozeni vidovi gabi ..........................................................................................................................................123 4.4 Otstrelan dive~, po vidovi.............................................................................................................................................124 4.5 Ulov na slatkovodna riba po vidovi ..............................................................................................................................124 4.6 Broj i povr{ina na za{titeni podra~ja..........................................................................................................................124 4.7 [umi, po vidovi.................................................................................................................................................................125 4.8 Ise~ena drvna masa..........................................................................................................................................................125 4.9 [teti vo {umite...............................................................................................................................................................125

5. Po~va................................................................................................................................................................. 126
5.1. Povr{ina zafatena so erozija na po~vata....................................................................................................................126 5.2 Broj na otvoreni i zatvoreni rudnici ...........................................................................................................................126 5.3 Industriski kontaminirani lokaliteti - "`ari{ta"..................................................................................................127 5.3.1 Napredok vo upravuvaweto so kontaminiranite lokaliteti - "`ari{ta" .............................................................128 5.3.2 Procenten udel na ekonomskite aktivnosti vo kontaminacijata na po~vata ........................................................128

6. Otpad ................................................................................................................................................................ 129

6.2 Reciklirawe ......................................................................................................................................................................129 6.3.1 Uvoz na otpad, po dejnosti.............................................................................................................................................129 6.3.2 Izvoz na otpad, po dejnosti...........................................................................................................................................130

7. Voda .................................................................................................................................................................. 130

7.2 Protok na rekite ..............................................................................................................................................................130 7.3.1 Na~in na snabduvawe so voda za piewe na doma}instvata, 2002.............................................................................131 7.3.2 Opremenost na stanovite so instalacii za snabduvawe so voda za piewe, 2002..................................................131 7.4 Opremenost na stanovite so instalacii za isfrlawe na otpadnite vodi, 2002 .....................................................131 7.5 Kvalitet na vodata za piewe...........................................................................................................................................132 7.6. Kvalitet na vodata za kapewe - ezera vo Republika Makedonija ............................................................................132 7.7 Koncentracii na BPK5 vo rekite ....................................................................................................................................132 7.8 Koncentracii na totalen amonium vo rekite ................................................................................................................132 7.9 Nitrati vo rekite .............................................................................................................................................................133 7.10 Nitriti vo rekite ...........................................................................................................................................................133 7.11 Ortofosfati vo rekite .................................................................................................................................................133 7.12. Snabduvawe so voda vo industrijata i vo rudarstvoto ............................................................................................133 7.13. Koristeni vodi za tehnolo{ki nameni........................................................................................................................134 7.14 Ispu{tawe na nepre~isteni otpadni vodi od industrijata i rudarstvoto spored recipientot.........................134 7.15 Ispu{tawe na pre~isteni otpadni vodi od industrijata i rudarstvoto spored recipientot ............................134 7.16 Otpadni vodi vo industrijata i rudarstvoto spored namenata ................................................................................135

8. Vozduh i klimatski promeni ...................................................................................................................... 135

8.1 Vkupna emisija na supstancii {to predizvikuvaat kiselost......................................................................................135 8.2 Vkupna emisija na supstancii {to predizvikuvaat kiselost, po sektori .................................................................135 8.3 Vkupna emisija na SO2, po sektori...................................................................................................................................136 8.4 Vkupna emisija na NOx, po sektori..................................................................................................................................136 8.5 Vkupna emisija na CO, po sektori....................................................................................................................................136 8.6 Vkupna emisija na TCP, po sektori..................................................................................................................................136 8.7 Vkupna potro{uva~ka na supstancii koi ja o{tetuvaat ozonskata obvivka (ODP t/godina) ....................................137 8.9 Vkupna emisija na stakleni~ki gasovi............................................................................................................................137 8.10 Vkupna emisija na stakleni~ki gasovi, po sektori .....................................................................................................137 8.11 Proekcii na emisijata na stakleni~ki gasovi, po sektori, vo CO2-ekvivalentno [kt] (osnovno scenario) .........138 9.1 Primarno proizvodstvo na energenti .............................................................................................................................139 9.2 Proizvodstvo na elektri~na energija ............................................................................................................................139 9.3 Vkupno potrebna energija..................................................................................................................................................139 9.4 Finalna energetska potro{uva~ka, po energenti .........................................................................................................140 9.5 Finalna energetska potro{uva~ka, po sektori ............................................................................................................140

9. Energija ............................................................................................................................................................ 139

10. Transport i bu~ava ...................................................................................................................................... 140

10.1 Broj na registrirani vozila, po vidovi .......................................................................................................................140 10.2 Broj na merewa kade {to nivoto na bu~ava e nad 65 dB (A) .......................................................................................141 10.3.1 Izmereno nivo na bu~ava vo gradot Skopje - merni mesta na koi MDN e 65 dB (A)...............................................141 10.3.2 Izmereno nivo na bu~ava vo gradot Skopje - merni mesta na koi MDN e 55 dB (A)...............................................142 10.3.2 Izmereno nivo na bu~ava vo gradot Skopje - merni mesta na koi MDN e 45 dB (A)...............................................142 Re~nik .......................................................................................................................................................................................143 Lista na kratenki ...................................................................................................................................................................156

10

4. Biodiversity and Forestry ................................................................................................................................ 123

5. Soil..................................................................................................................................................................... 126

4.1 Number of endemic and threatened species among the higher plants ................................................................................ 123 4.2 Number of endemic and threatened vertebrate species....................................................................................................... 123 4.3 Number of threatened species of fungi................................................................................................................................. 123 4.4. Hunted game by species ..................................................................................................................................................... 124 4.5. Fresh-water fish catches by species ................................................................................................................................... 124 4.6 Number and area of protected areas.................................................................................................................................... 124 4.7 Forests by species............................................................................................................................................................... 125 4.8 Harvested timber .................................................................................................................................................................. 125 4.9 Forest damages.................................................................................................................................................................... 125 5.1 Area affected by soil erosion................................................................................................................................................. 126 5.2 Number of opened and closed underground and opened cast mines ................................................................................. 126 5.3 Identified industrial contaminated sites - "hotspots" ............................................................................................................. 127 5.3.1 Success in management with contaminated sites - "hotspots" ......................................................................................... 128 5.3.2 Ratio of economic activities in the land contamination ...................................................................................................... 128 6.2 Production from recycling industry ....................................................................................................................................... 129 6.3.1 Waste import by economic activities.................................................................................................................................. 129 6.3.2 Waste export by economic activities.................................................................................................................................. 130 7.2 Water flows in rivers ............................................................................................................................................................. 130 7.3.1 Way of supplying the household with drinking water, Census 2002 .................................................................................. 131 7.3.2 Dwellings according to water supply installations facilities, Census 2002......................................................................... 131 7.4 Dwellings according to waste water discharge installations facilities, Census 2002 ............................................................ 131 7.5 Drinking water quality ........................................................................................................................................................... 132 7.6 Bathing water quality - lakes in the Republic of Macedonia ................................................................................................. 132 7.7 BOD5 concetrations in rivers................................................................................................................................................ 132 7.8 Total ammonium in rivers...................................................................................................................................................... 132 7.9 Nitrates in rivers.................................................................................................................................................................... 133 7.10 Nitrites in rivers................................................................................................................................................................... 133 7.11 Orthophosphates in rivers................................................................................................................................................... 133 7.12 Water supply in industry and mining .................................................................................................................................. 133 7.13 Water used for production purposes................................................................................................................................... 134 7.14 Discharging of untreated waste water from industry and mining by recipient ................................................................... 134 7.15 Discharging of treated waste waters from industry and mining by recipient....................................................................... 134 7.16 Waste water in industry and mining by the purpose ........................................................................................................... 135 8.1 Total emission of acidifying substances................................................................................................................................ 135 8.2 Total emission of acidifying substances, by sectors from the SNAP Nomenclature ............................................................. 135 8.3 Total emission of SO2 by sectors .......................................................................................................................................... 136 8.4 Total emission of NOx by sectors ......................................................................................................................................... 136 8.5 Total emission of CO by sectors ........................................................................................................................................... 136 8.6 Total emission of TCP by sectors ......................................................................................................................................... 136 8.7 Total consumption of ozone depleting substances (ODP t/year) .......................................................................................... 137 8.9 Total emission of GHG.......................................................................................................................................................... 137 8.10 Total emission of GHG by sectors ...................................................................................................................................... 137 8.11 Projections of all GHG emissions by sectors in CO2 - equivalent [kt] (basic scenario)...................................................... 138 9.1 Primary production of energy commodities .......................................................................................................................... 139 9.2 Production of electrical energy ............................................................................................................................................. 139 9.3 Gross inland consumption .................................................................................................................................................... 139 9.4 Final energy consumtion by fuel........................................................................................................................................... 140 9.5 Final energy consumption by sectors ................................................................................................................................... 140 10.1 Number of registered motor vehicles by kind ..................................................................................................................... 140 10.2 Number of measurements with noise level over 65 dB (A) ................................................................................................ 141 10.3.1 Noise level in Skopje - Measurement stations where MPL is 65 dB (A).......................................................................... 141 10.3.2 Noise level in Skopje - Measurement stations where MPL is 55 dB (A).......................................................................... 142 10.3.2 Noise level in Skopje - Measurement stations where MPL is 45 dB (A).......................................................................... 142 Glossary ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 143 List of Abbreviations .................................................................................................................................................................. 156

6.Waste .................................................................................................................................................................. 129

7. Water.................................................................................................................................................................. 130

8. Air and climate changes .................................................................................................................................. 135

9. Energy ............................................................................................................................................................... 139

10. Transport and noise ....................................................................................................................................... 140

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1. Voved Preku procesot na trasirawe na patekata {to }e ja odvede Republika Makedonija vo semejstvoto na Evropskata unija, nadle`nite vlasti, kako i {irokata javnost, postapno go prifatija faktot deka sektorot `ivotna sredina }e bide eden od nose~kite vo smisla na barawata {to }e treba da se ispolnat i standardite {to }e treba da se postignat. Te`inata {to se dava na ovoj sektor e razbirliva bidej}i globalnite problemi vo `ivotnata sredina ne mo`at da se re{avaat bez vklu~uvawe na site zemji, pa duri i bez aktivnoto u~estvo na lokalnite zaednici {irum svetot. Prifa}aj}i gi ovie fakti, Republika Makedonija ja izrazi svojata podgotvenost, preku re{avawe na problemite vo `ivotnata sredina na svojata teritorija, da pridonese kon namaluvaweto i re{avaweto na globalnite ekolo{ki problemi, a so toa da go zaslu`i svoeto mesto vo Evropskata unija i da go podobri kvalitetot na `ivotot na svoite gra|ani. 1.1 Problemi vo `ivotnata sredina vo Republika Makedonija Problemite vo `ivotnata sredina vo Republika Makedonija se sli~ni so onie vo drugite zemji od regionot. Brojnite problemi, identifikuvani preku razli~ni proekti, studii i analizi, mo`e da se grupiraat spored mediumite i oblastite na `ivotnata sredina vo koi{to se prisutni: Problemi vo upravuvaweto so otpadot (komunalen, industriski opasen i neopasen, radioaktiven i drugi vidovi otpad), kako posledica na otsustvoto na integriran sistem za upravuvawe so otpadot (organizirano sobirawe, transportirawe, tretman ili deponirawe na otpadot na deponii izgradeni spored sovremenite standardi za takvite kapaciteti); Problemi vo upravuvaweto so vodite koi{to vklu~uvaat zagadenost na vodnite resursi i otsustvo na integriran tretman na otpadnite (komunalni i industriski) vodi na celata teritorija na zemjata; Zagadenost na vozduhot so razli~en intenzitet vo razli~ni delovi na zemjata; Kontaminiranost na po~vata {to ponatamu rezultira vo zemjodelski proizvodi so nesoodveten kvalitet od podra~jata so kontaminirani po~vi. Poseben problem, koj se odnesuva na site mediumi na `ivotnata sredina, e nedovolno razvieniot monitoring sistem na `ivotnata sredina, so akcent na otsustvoto na istoriski podatoci vrz osnova na koi bi se utvrdila to~nata sostojba na mediumite i bi se dejstvuvalo vo nasoka na nivno postapno ubla`uvawe i eliminirawe. 1. Introduction

@IVOTNA SREDINA ENVIRONMENT

Through the process of tracing the road that will take the Republic of Macedonia in the European Union family, the authorities, as well as the general public have gradually accepted the fact that the environmental sector will be one of the main pillars with regard to the requirements that should be fulfilled and the standards to be achieved. The significance attributed to this sector is understandable, because global environmental problems can not be solved without the participation of all countries, even without the active participation of the local communities throughout the world. Having recognized the above facts, the Republic of Macedonia has expressed its readiness by solving the environmental problems on its own territory to contribute to the mitigation and solving the global environmental problems and thus to justify its place in the European Union and improve the quality of life of its citizens. 1.1 Environmental problems in the Republic of Macedonia Environmental problems in the Republic of Macedonia are similar to those in the other countries in the region. Numerous problems, identified through different projects, studies and analyses, can be grouped according to the environmental media and areas of their appearance: Problems with the waste management (municipal, industrial, hazardous, non-hazardous, radioactive and other types of waste), due to the absence of integrated system for waste management (organized waste collection, transport, treatment or disposal at the landfills constructed in accordance with modern standards applicable for such faciliities), Problems with the water management including water resources pollution and absence of integrated effluent water treatment (household and industrial) on the whole territory of the country, Air pollution, with different intensity in different parts of the country, Soil contamination, resulting in contamination of agricultural products with inadequate quality that originate from the areas with contaminated soils. Particular problem that applies to all environmental media is the insufficiently developed environmental monitoring system, with emphasis on the absence of historical data, based on which the status of the condition of the media would be determined accurately and actions would be taken towards their progressive mitigation and elimination.

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@IVOTNA SREDINA ENVIRONMENT

1.1.1 Osnovni slabosti za re{avawe problemite vo `ivotnata sredina

na

1.1.1 Basic weaknesses in solving the environmental problems The need for completion of the existing legal frame with the necessary secondary legislation, aimed at providing the appropriate mechanisms for monitoring and legislation enforcement, as well as appropriate capacity introducing on all levels, has been recognized as one of the major weaknesses in the process of approximation with the EU in the sector of environment. The lack of institutional and human resources on both central and local level, as well as with other relevant stakeholders (especially in the industrial sector) should be emphasized in the context of the implementation of the EU Directives transposed in the Macedonian legislation. The problems get more severe because of:

Potrebata za zaokru`uvawe na postoe~kata pravna ramka so neophodni podzakonski akti za obezbeduvawe na soodvetni mehanizmi za monitoring i sproveduvawe na propisite i kapaciteti na site nivoa e identifikuvana kako eden od glavnite nedostatoci vo procesot na pribli`uvawe na RM kon EU vo sektorot `ivotna sredina. Vo ovoj kontekst, osobeno treba da se potenciraat nedovolnite institucionalni i ~ove~ki kapaciteti na centralno i na lokalno nivo, kako i na drugite involvirani subjekti (posebno vo industriskiot sektor) za sproveduvawe na direktivite na EU koi se transponirani vo makedonskoto zakonodavstvo. Problemite se u{te pogolemi poradi: - otsustvoto na jasna podelba na nadle`nostite pome|u brojnite involvirani subjekti; - otsustvoto na funkcionalna povrzanost pome|u lokalnoto i nacionalnoto nivo {to e va`no od aspekt na novite nadle`nosti i zada~i {to treba da gi prezemat edinicite na lokalnata samouprava na koi }e im bidat potrebni modaliteti za razmena na iskustva i zna~itelno zgolemuvawe na kapacitetot; - slabite kapaciteti kaj edinicite na lokalnata samouprava vo site domeni na za{titata na `ivotnata sredina, vklu~uvaj}i gi i vospostavuvaweto na inspekcija, sproveduvaweto na propisite, monitoringot, izdavaweto na B integrirani dozvoli i del od drugite nadle`nosti, a vo soglasnost so barawata na EU i lokalnite sostojbi; - nedostigot na obuka i naso~uvawe {to treba da go organizira centralnata administracija, vo sorabotka so lokalnata samouprava, so cel da se naso~i i da se zabrza fazata na tranzicija i da se obezbedi soodvetna vertikalna koordinacija pome|u organite; - nedostigot na aktivnosti za zgolemuvawe na javnata svest i edukacija na site nivoa, so osoben akcent na javnosta. Otsustvoto na seopfatni i sigurni podatoci za zagaduva~kite supstancii i zagaduva~ite, otsustvoto na integriran pristap vo re{avaweto na problemite so `ivotnata sredina, osobeno vo upravuvaweto so vodnite resursi i upravuvaweto so otpadot, kako i nedostigot na kapitalni investicii za finansirawe na potrebnata nadgradba na infrastrukturata vo ovie oblasti, dopolnitelno gi zabavuvaat procesite za vospostavuvawe na efikasen sistem za za{tita na `ivotnata sredina vo Republika Makedonija.

- Absence of clear allocation of responsibilities

between the numerous involved bodies,

- Absence of functional connection between the local

and the national level, which is very important in terms of the new responsibilities and tasks that should be taken over by the units of the local self- government, that need models for exchange of experience and significant capacity increase,

- Weak capacities of the units of the local selfgovernment in all domains of environmental protection, including implementation of inspection, law enforcement, monitoring, issuing of B environmental integrated licenses and parts of other responsibilities according to the EU requirements and the local conditions,

- Lack of training and guidance that should be

organised by the central administration in collaboration with the local self-government in order to direct and speed up the transition phase and to obtain adequate vertical coordination between the government authorities, as well as

- Lack of activities for increasing the public awareness

and education at all levels, emphasising the aspect of transparency. Lack of complete and accurate data regarding the polluting substances and polluters, lack of integrated approach to environmental problems solving, especially in the areas of water resources management and waste management, as well as the lack of capital investments to finance the needed upgrading of the infrastructure in these areas, result in further slowing down of the processes for setting up an efficient system for environment protection in the Republic of Macedonia.

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1.1.2 Merki za nadminuvawe na slabostite za re{avawe na problemite vo `ivotnata sredina Vo pretstojniot period, Republika Makedonija }e prodol`i so predizvicite na pribli`uvaweto kon EU, so silno akcentirawe na potrebata od sevkupno zajaknuvawe na nacionalniot sistem na upravuvawe so `ivotnata sredina i zajaknuvawe na kapacitetite na administracijata na centralno i na lokalno nivo za brzo usoglasuvawe na nacionalnoto zakonodavstvo vo oblasta na `ivotnata sredina so zakonodavstvoto na Evropskata unija. Vo taa nasoka, potrebni se osobeni napori i vo obezbeduvaweto soodvetna strate{ka osnova za sproveduvawe na zakonodavstvoto, kako i obezbeduvawe na kapacitet i institucionalni strukturi potrebni za zabrzan proces na identifikacija, podgotvuvawe i implementacija na programi i proekti spored barawata za multilateralna i bilateralna poddr{ka. Tekovniot proces na decentralizacija nalo`i identifikuvawe na brojni prioriteti i akcii nameneti za olesnuvawe na procesot na prenesuvawe na nadle`nostite od centralno na lokalno nivo, zgolemuvawe na kapacitetot na lokalnata samouprava za sproveduvawe na novite obvrski, kako i gradewe na cvrsta relacija pome|u centralnata i lokalnata vlast. Va`nosta na ovie pra{awa dopolnitelno se potvrduva so va`nata uloga {to ja igra lokalnata samouprava vo obezbeduvaweto stabilen napredok kon usoglasuvaweto so zakonodavstvoto na EU i soodvetno sproveduvawe na nacionalnata regulativa. Vo Republika Makedonija s poaktivno se primenuvaat mehanizmite za integrirawe na pra{awata od oblasta na za{titata na `ivotnata sredina vo ostanatite sektorski politiki, pri {to, na politikite od ovaa oblast i barawata postaveni vo nacionalnoto zakonodavstvo, s po~esto im se dava povisoko zna~ewe. Ovie trendovi vo naredniot period }e treba da prodol`at so pogolem intenzitet vo nasoka na integrirano upravuvawe so `ivotnata sredina vo soglasnost so principite na odr`liviot razvoj. Op{tite celi za postavuvawe na funkcionalen i efikasen nacionalen sistem za upravuvawe so `ivotnata sredina se vo nasoka na: Prodol`uvawe so procesot na pribli`uvawe kon politikite na EU vo oblasta na `ivotnata sredina, kon osnovnoto zakonodavstvo i kon konkretnite barawa {to proizleguvaat od direktivite; Integrirawe na politikata za za{tita na `ivotnata sredina vo ostanatite sektorski politiki; Zajaknuvawe na administrativnite strukturi

@IVOTNA SREDINA ENVIRONMENT

1.1.2 Measures for overcoming the weaknesses in solving the problems in the environment In the forthcoming period, the Republic of Macedonia will continue to address the challenges in the EU approximation pointing out the need for overall strengthening of the national system for environmental management and strengthening the capacities of the administration on central and local levels, in order to accelerate the harmonization of the national legislation in the area of environment with the relevant legislation of the European Union. In that regard, major efforts are necessary in securing adequate strategic base for implementation of the legislation, as well as for building the capacity and institutional structures needed to speed up the identification process, preparation and implementation of programmes and projects in line with the requirements for multilateral and bilateral support. The on-going decentralisation process requires identification of numerous priorities and actions to facilitate the process of allocation of the responsibilities from central to local level, to enhance the local selfgovernment capacities for implementation of the new responsibilities, as well as to build up strong relation between the central and the local government. The importance of these issues is additionally confirmed by the important role of the local-self government in the process of securing stable progress towards harmonisation with the EU legislation and adequate implementation of the national legislation. The mechanisms for integration of the environmental issues in other sector policies have been increasingly applied in the Republic of Macedonia, and these policies and the requirements specified in the national legislation gain greater importance. This trend should continue in the next period with even grater intensity towards integrated environmental management in accordance with the sustainable development principles. The general goals for setting up functional and efficient national system for environmental management are aimed at:

Continuation of the process of approximation with

the EU policies in the area of environment, with the horizontal legislation and specific requirements deriving from the relevant Directives,

Integration of environmental policy into other sector

policies,

Strengthening of the administrative structures needed

for providing efficient environmental management,

Establishment of a platform for efficient implementation

15

@IVOTNA SREDINA ENVIRONMENT

potrebni za obezbeduvawe na efikasno upravuvawe so za{titata na `ivotnata sredina; Obezbeduvawe na platforma za efikasna implementacija i sproveduvawe na barawata za za{tita na `ivotnata sredina preku zajaknuvawe na kapacitetite za efikasno upravuvawe so za{titata na `ivotnata sredina na site nivoa na upravuvawe, a preku obezbeduvawe na bliska sorabotka pome|u nadle`nite organi na horizontalno i na vertikalno nivo; Pottiknuvawe na industrijata, davatelite na uslugi i drugite subjekti vo oblasta na `ivotnata sredina kon pogolema odgovornost za za{titata na `ivotnata sredina; Re{avawe na va`nite ekolo{ki problemi koi se od nacionalno zna~ewe; Zgolemuvawe na stepenot na ispolnuvawe na obvrskite od regionalnite i globalnite dogovori vo oblasta na `ivotnata sredina; i Posledno, no ne pomalku va`no, zgolemuvawe na stepenot na investicii vo `ivotnata sredina za postignuvawe na standardite na EU. 1.2 Metodologija na izgotvuvawe na Publikacijata Metodologijata na izgotvuvawe na ovaa Publikacija e zasnovana na izbor na grupa indikatori za `ivotnata sredina, preku koi se prika`uva kvalitetot na mediumite na `ivotnata sredina (pr.: voda, vozduh, po~va, itn.), ekolo{kite problemi (pr.: osiroma{uvaweto na ozonskiot sloj i klimatskite promeni, za{titata na `ivotnata sredina i gubeweto na biolo{kata raznovidnost, sozdavaweto na otpad i upravuvaweto so nego) i kreiraweto na sektorskite politiki (integrirani indikatori povrzani so zemjodelstvoto, turizmot i instrumentite na politikata za za{tita na `ivotnata sredina). Indikatorite za `ivotnata sredina se korisna alatka vo procesot na izvestuvawe za `ivotnata sredina. Zasnovani vrz numeri~ki podatoci, prika`uvaj}i ja sostojbata, posebnata karakteristika ili dvi`eweto na opredelena pojava, tie mo`at da predupredat za nastanatite problemi. Vo su{tina, indikatorite se podatoci koi se sobiraat i se prezentiraat na odnapred definiran na~in, so cel da se vospostavi vrska pome|u postoe~kite podatoci i celite na politikata za za{tita na `ivotnata sredina. Pravilno izbranite indikatori, bazirani vrz soodvetno izbrani vremenski serii, mo`at da gi prika`at klu~nite trendovi i da ovozmo`at brzo i soodvetno dejstvuvawe na site u~esnici vo procesot na za{tita na `ivotnata sredina. Strukturata na Publikacijata, pokraj vovedot, opisot na aktuelnite problemi vo `ivotnata

and compliance with environmental requirements through the process of capacity building for efficient environmental management at all management levels, through close collaboration between the responsible authorities on horizontal and vertical levels,

Motivating the industry, the service providers and

other stakeholders in the environmental area for undertaking greater responsibility for the protection of the environment,

Solving important environmental problems of national

importance

Increasing the degree of fulfilment of the obligations

deriving from regional and global environmental agreements, and

Last but not least, increasing the investment level in

the area of the environment in order to achieve the EU standards.

1.2 Methodology for preparation of the Publication The methodology of preparation of this Publication has been based on the selection of environmental indicators that represent the environment media quality (ex. water, air, soil, etc.), environmental problems (ex. the ozone layer depletion and climate change, protection of the environment and loss of biodiversity, waste generation and its management) and creation of sector policies (integrated indicators concerning agriculture, tourism and policy instruments for the protection of the environment). The environment indicators are useful tool in the process of environmental reporting. Based on numerical data that present the condition, the special characteristic or the trend of certain phenomenon. Basically, the indicators are data collected and presented in a predefined way, in order to establish a link between the existing data and the goals of the policy for protection of the environment. The properly selected indicators, based on accordingly selected time series can present the key trends and enable rapid and adequate action by all stakeholders in the environment protection process. The structure of the Publication, apart from the Preface, the description of the current environmental problems in the country, the list of organizations involved in the protection of the environment and the general data on the country, includes also separate chapters on the thematic areas that present the general environmental picture.

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sredina vo zemjata, listata na organizacii vklu~eni vo za{titata na `ivotnata sredina i op{tite podatoci za zemjata, vklu~uva i poedine~ni poglavja za tematskite oblasti {to ja davaat op{tata slika na `ivotnata sredina. 1.2.1 Pristap na DPSIR vo izrabotkata na poglavjata Osnovata za sostavuvawe na serijata indikatori e ramkata na ocenuvawe koja{to pomaga pri definiraweto na funkciite na indikatorite. Ovaa ramka za ocenuvawe, poznata po kratenkata

@IVOTNA SREDINA ENVIRONMENT

1.2.1 Approach of DPSIR in the chapters development The base for setting up series of indicators is the assessment frame that helps when defining the indicator functions. This assessment frame, well known by its

abbreviation as DPSIR1 contains five parts that actually represent the following concepts: Driving forces DPSIR1 se sostoi od pet dela koi, vsu{nost, gi Pressures - State - Impact - Responses. Each of these pretstavuvaat slednive koncepti: Dvi`e~ki sili concepts represents a phase of a complete process. Pritisoci - Sostojba - Implikacii - Reakcii. Sekoj od ovie koncepti pretstavuva faza vo eden celosno zaokru`en proces. [ematski prikaz na DPSIR Scheme of DPSIR

- Dvi`e~ki sili se socijalni i ekonomski faktori i aktivnosti koi predizvikuvaat zgolemuvawe ili ubla`uvawe na pritisocite vrz `ivotnata sredina (transport, industrija, zemjodelstvo, itn).
1

- Pritisocite se prezentiraat preku direktnite antropogeni pritisoci i vlijanijata vrz `ivotnata sredina, kako {to se emisiite na zagaduva~ki materii ili tro{eweto na prirodnite resursi. - Sostojbata se odnesuva na postoe~kata sostojba i na trendovite vo `ivotnata sredina so koi se opredeluva nivoto na zagadenost na vozduhot, vodata i po~vata, biolo{kata raznovidnost na vidovite vo ramkite na oddelni geografski oblasti, dostapnosta na prirodnite resursi, kako {to se drvnata masa ili slatkite vodi. - Implikaciite gi pretstavuvaat efektite {to gi imaat promenite na `ivotnata sredina vrz zdravjeto na lu|eto i na ostanatiot `iv svet. - Reakciite se odgovorite na op{testvoto kon problemite vo `ivotnata sredina. Tie mo`e da vklu~uvaat posebni merki na dr`avata kako {to se danoci na potro{uva~kata na prirodnite resursi. Isto taka, vo ovoj kontekst se va`ni i odlukite na kompaniite i poedincite, kako {to se investiciite so koi se kontrolira zagaduvaweto ili kupuvaweto reciklirani proizvodi od strana na potro{uva~ite i sl.

- Driving forces are social and economic factors and activities that cause either the increase or mitigation of pressures on the environment. They may, for example, include the scope of economic, transport or tourist operations.
1

- Pressures are represented by direct anthropogenic pressures and impacts on the environment, such as pollutant emissions or the consumption of natural resources. - State relates to the current state and trends of the environment that determine the level of air, water body and soil pollution, the biodiversity of species within individual geographical regions, the availability of natural resources, such as timber and fresh water. - Impact are the effects that the environmental changes have on human and non-human health status. - Responses are societys reactions to environmental issues. They may include specific state measures, such as taxes on the consumption of natural resources. Decisions made by companies and individuals, such as corporate investments into pollution control or purchase of recycled goods by households are also important.

17

@IVOTNA SREDINA ENVIRONMENT

Ulogata na indikatorite, vo kontekst na ramkata za ocenuvawe, DPSIR, ni go olesnuva razbiraweto na pri~insko-posledi~nite, kako i me|usebno zavisnite relacii vo `ivotnata sredina. Kako {to sugerira i nivnoto ime, tie poka`uvaat/uka`uvaat na sostojba, problem, trend, a so toa ni pomagaat da gi pretpostavime idnite sostojbi, problemi, trendovi i da isplanirame merki (reakcii) so koi }e go zabavime, namalime ili }e go eliminirame negativnoto dvi`ewe i }e sozdademe osnova za pozitiven, odr`liv razvoj.

The role of the indicators, within the assessment DPSIR frame, is to facilitate the understanding of the cause-andeffect, as well as the inter - dependence relations in the environment. As their very name suggests, the indicators point to/indicate a condition, a problem, or a trend, thus helping us to predict the future states, problems, trends and to plan measures (responses) that will slow down, mitigate or eliminate the negative trends and create grounds for positive, sustainable development.

The tables for each chapter can be seen in the Appendix. Tabelite za sekoe poglavje mo`at da se vidat vo Dodatokot. Objasnuvawa i definicii za nekoi od poimite koi se pojavuvaat vo ova poglavje }e najdete vo Re~nikot. Explanations and definitions on some of the terms appearing in this chapter you will find in the Glossary.

Izvor: Ministerstvo za `ivotna sredina i prostorno planirawe

Source: Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning

18

2
Voved
Republika Makedonija se nao|a vo Jugoisto~na Evropa, vo centarot na Balkanskiot Poluostrov. Spored geografskata polo`ba, taa e centralna balkanska dr`ava koja se grani~i so ~etiri dr`avi: na istok so Bugarija, na sever so Srbija, na zapad so Albanija i na jug so Grcija. Dol`inata na granicite iznesuva vkupno 766 km. Republika Makedonija ima povr{ina od 25.713 km. Reljefot e prete`no ridsko-planinski. Spored Popisot od 2002 godina, vkupnoto naselenie na Republika Makedonija iznesuva 2.022.547 `iteli, a polovata struktura poka`uva re~isi izedna~eno u~estvo na obata pola (50,2 % ma`i i 49,8% `eni). Vo Republika Makedonija vladee submediteranska klima so karakteristi~ni topli i suvi leta i studeni i vla`ni zimi. Srednite godi{ni temperaturi opa|aat od sever kon jug na zemjata. Srednata godi{na koli~ina na vrne`i vo planinite e okolu 1.000-1.500 mm, a vo kotlinite 600-700 mm. Najdolga reka e Vardar, 388 km (od koi 301 km vo RM) i vo najgolem del te~e niz centralniot del na zemjata. Nejziniot sliv zafa}a najgolem del od povr{inata na dr`avata i e del od Egejskoto slivno podra~je. Na ju`nata granica le`at tri golemi prirodni ezera: Ohridskoto, Prespanskoto i Dojranskoto. Teritorijata na Republika Makedonija se nao|a na seizmi~ki aktivno podra~je. Od industrijata najmnogu se istaknuvaat prehranbenata i tutunskata industrija, kako i proizvodstvoto na `elezo i ~elik. Nevrabotenosta iznesuva okolu 38%.

OSNOVNI PODATOCI ZA ZEMJATA BASIC DATA FOR THE COUNTRY

Introduction
The Republic of Macedonia is situated in South-Eastern Europe, in the centre of the Balkan Peninsula. According to the geochartical location, it is central Balkan country bordering with four countries, at the east with Bulgaria, at the north with Serbia, at the west with Albania and at the south with Greece. The length of the borders is 766 km in total. The Republic of Macedonia covers an area of 25. 713 km. The relief is mostly hilly and mountainous. According to the Census in 2002, the total population of the Republic of Macedonia is 2. 022. 547 inhabitants. The gender structure shows almost equal participation of both genders (50. 2 % men and 49. 8 % women). In the Republic of Macedonia dominates a subMediterranean climate with characteristic warm and dry summers, and cold and humid winters. The mean annual temperatures decrease from the north to the south of the country. The mean annual precipitations quantity on mountains is approximately 1000 1500 mm, and in the basins it is 600 700 mm. The longest river is Vardar, 388 km (of which 301 km are in Republic of Macedonia), and mostly it flows through the central part of the country. Its basin occupies biggest part of the territory of the country and it is part of the Aegean basin. On the southern border there are three big, natural lakes: Lake Ohrid, Lake Prespa and Lake Dojran. The territory of the Republic of Macedonia lies on seismically active area. In industry, the food and the tobacco industry are most characteristic, as well as the manufacture of iron and steel. The unemployment is approximately 38 %.

Tabelite za sekoe poglavje mo`at da se vidat vo Dodatokot. Objasnuvawa i definicii za nekoi od poimite koi se pojavuvaat vo ova poglavje }e najdete vo Re~nikot.

The tables for each chapter can be seen in the Appendix. Explanations and definitions on some of the terms appearing in this chapter you will find in the Glossary.

19

OSNOVNI PODATOCI ZA ZEMJATA BASIC DATA FOR THE COUNTRY

S 2.1 Karta na Republika Makedonija

S
Kumanovo Kumanovo
Kriva Re

2.1 Map of the Republic of Macedonia

Kriva Palanka Kriva Palanka

ka va

Tetovo Tetovo

Skopje Skopje
ka

ka

/ K ri

Kratovo Kratovo

Probi{tip Probishtip Sveti Nikole Sveti Nikole

Br e

Re

Vardar / Va rdar

Ko~ani Kochani
/ B re nica

Tre s

Treska /

ga

Gostivar Gostivar

Veles Veles

[tip Shtip

al

sa

Vinica Vinica

Del~evo Delchevo

Va a rd rd Va r/ ar

Radovi{ Radovish Negotino Negotino

Vardar /
Var da r

Berovo Berovo

Debar Debar

Ki~evo Kichevo
Kru{evo Krushevo

Kavadarci Kavadartsi

Strumica Strumitsa

Prilep Prilep
Re ka

Tikve{ko Ez Lake Tikvesh

Valandovo Valandovo
Dojransko Ez Lake Dojran

Struga Struga

Ohridsko Ez Lake Ohrid

Bitola Bitola

Crna Re ka

Ohrid Ohrid

Gevgelija Gevgelija

Resen Resen

Prespansko Ez Lake Prespa

Crna

Skopje / Skopje
Bitola / Bitola
Strumica / Strumitsa
Sveti Nikole / Sveti Nikole
Kru{evo / Krushevo

> 100000 `iteli 100000 inhabitants 50000 - 99999 `iteli / 50000 - 99999 inhabitants 20000 - 49999 `iteli / 20000 - 49999 inhabitants 10000 - 19999 `iteli / 10000 - 19999 inhabitants < 10000 `iteli / < 10000 inhabitants

ezero lake nacionalen park national park

vrv mountain peak

reka river

pruga railway

avtopat, magistralen pat motorway, main road

ostanati pati{ta other roads

Izvor: Dr`aven zavod za statistika Source: State Statistical Office

20

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S 2.2 Temperatura na vozduhot
Podatocite za temperaturata se odnesuvaat na srednata mese~na vrednost koja e presmetana od srednodnevnata temperatura dobiena vrz baza na sekojdnevno merewe vo 7 ~asot, vo 14 ~asot i vo 21 ~asot po lokalno vreme. Podatocite za temperaturata se prezemaat od Upravata za hidrometeorolo{ki raboti. Teritorijata na Republika Makedonija e pod vlijanie na dve zonalni klimi - mediteranska i kontinentalna i edna lokalna - planinska klima. Dejstvata na zonalnite i lokalnite klimatski vlijanija me|usebno se kombiniraat {to sozdava posebni, lokalni klimatski karakteristiki vo oddelni delovi na Republika Makedonija. Temperaturata na vozduhot pretstavuva klimatski element koj e najzna~aen za formirawe na vremeto i klimata. Sporeduvaj}i gi srednogodi{nite temperaturi na vozduhot vo Republika Makedonija, odej}i od sever kon jug, mo`at da se razgrani~at nekolku termi~ki regioni ({to mo`e da se vidi od grafikonot). Kako region so najvisoki prose~ni temperaturi se izdvojuva krajniot ju`en del na Republika Makedonija, po dolinata na rekata Vardar, odnosno Gevgelisko-valandovskata Kotlina {to na sever se protega do Demir Kapija. Ovoj region e pod silno termi~ko vlijanie na Egejskoto More so srednogodi{na temperatura na vozduhot od 13 do 14 So i pove}e. Kako najstudeni regioni, so najniski prose~ni temperaturi na vozduhot, se izdvojuvaat visokite kotlini kako Berovskata Kotlina i visokite planinski mesta koi se pod direktno vlijanie na lokalnata planinska klima so srednogodi{na temperatura na vozduhot pod 10So. (Videte grafikon 2.2) 2.2
[C0] 16

OSNOVNI PODATOCI ZA ZEMJATA BASIC DATA FOR THE COUNTRY

2.2 Air temperature

The data on temperature refer to the mean monthly value calculated from the mean daily temperature obtained on the basis of a daily measurement at 7 a.m., at 2 p.m. and at 9 p.m. local time. The temperature data is taken Hydrometeorological Administration. from the

The territory of the Republic of Macedonia is under the influence of two zonal Mediterranian and continental and one local mountain climate. The activities of the zonal and the local climate influences combine with each other, which creates special, local climate characteristics in separate parts of the Republic of Macedonia. The air temperature represents climate element most important for the formation of the weather and the climate. Comparing the mean annual air temperatures in the Republic of Macedonia, moving from north to south, several thermal regions can be determined (which can be seen from the chart). As a region with highest average temperature is distinguished the far southern part of the Republic of Macedonia along the valey of the river Vardar i. e. the Gevgelija-Valandovo basin that spreads to Demir Kapija to the north. This region is under a heavy thermal influence of the Aegean Sea with mean annual air temperature from 13 to 14 C and more. On the other hand, as the coldest regions, with lowest average air temperatures are distinguished the high basins such as the Berovo basin and the high mountain places under the heavy influence of the local mountain climate with mean annual air temperature under 10 C. (See chart 2.2)

15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8

Demir Kapija Demir Kapija

Skopje - Zaj~ev Rid Skopje - Zajchev Rid

[tip Shtip

Bitola Bitola

Prilep Prilep

Ohrid Ohrid
Berovo Berovo

Kriva Palanka Kriva Palanka

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Izvor: Uprava za hidrometeorolo{ki raboti Source: Hydrometeorological Directorate

21

OSNOVNI PODATOCI ZA ZEMJATA BASIC DATA FOR THE COUNTRY

S 2.3 Vrne`i
Republika Makedonija, spored karakteristikite na vrne`ite koi se sledat vo 200 do`domerni stanici, rasporedeni vo site delovi na dr`avata, pripa|a vo kontinentalno-sredozemnomorskata oblast. Re`imot na vrne`i e usloven od op{tata cirkulacija vo atmosferata. Vrne`ite najmnogu se povrzani i usloveni od sredozemnomorskite cikloni. Preku zima, vo prolet i vo esen tie ~esto pominuvaat preku Republika Makedonija i so svoite aktivnosti se zna~aen faktor za pojavata na vrne`i. Za vreme na letniot period Republika Makedonija naj~esto se nao|a vo sredi{teto na suptropskiot anticiklon koj uslovuva topli i suvi leta. Gledano od prostoren aspekt, a vo podolg vremenski period, oblast so najmalku vrne`i vo Makedonija e prostorot pome|u Tikve{kata Kotlina (Kavadarci, Demir Kapija), Ov~epolskata Kotlina (Sveti Nikole) i [tipskata Kotlina ([tip). Vo ovaa oblast srednogodi{noto koli~estvo na vrne`i, vo podolg vremenski period i so mali otstapuvawa, iznesuva 500 i pod 500 mm (vidi grafikon). Od ova centralno, najsu{no podra~je, vo site pravci se zgolemuvaat i srednogodi{nite koli~estva na vrne`i, bidej}i se zgolemuvaat ili vlijanijata na sredozemnomorskata klima ili vlijanijata na nadmorskata viso~ina. Podatocite za vrne`ite se odnesuvaat na godi{noto koli~estvo na vrne`i izmereni na meteorolo{kite stanici vo mm, i se prezemaat od Upravata za hidrometeorolo{ki raboti. (Videte grafikon 2.3)

2.3 Precipitation

The Republic of Macedonia, according to the characteristics of the precipitations, which are monitored in 200 measurement stations, located in every part of the country, belongs to the continental-Mediterranean area. The precipitations regime is conditioned by the general circulation in the atmosphere. Mostly, the precipitations are connected with and conditioned by the Mediterranean cyclones. Over the winter, the spring and the autumn they pass over the Republic of Macedonia and with their activities they are an important factor for the appearance of precipitations. During the summer period, the Republic of Macedonia usually is in the middle of the sub-troppical anti-cyclon which conditions warm and dry summers. From a spatial aspect, for a longer period of time, the area with least precipitations in Macedonia is the one between the Tikvesh basin (Kavadarci, Demir Kapija), the Ovche Pole basin (Sveti Nikole) and the Shtip basin (Shtip). In this area, the mean annual quantity of precipitations in a longer period of time and with small exceptions, amounts to 500 and under 500 mm (see chart). From this central, most dry area, in every direction, the mean annual quantities of precipitations also increase, because either the influences of the Mediterranean climate or the influences of the height above the sea level increase. The data on precipitations refer to the annual quantity of precipitations measured at the meteorological stations, in mm, and they are obtained from the Hydrometeorological Adiministration. (See chart 2.3)

2.3

Izvor: Uprava za hidrometeorolo{ki raboti Source: Hydrometeorological Directorate

22

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S 2.4 Naselenie S

OSNOVNI PODATOCI ZA ZEMJATA BASIC DATA FOR THE COUNTRY

2.4 Population

The Republic of Macedonia is a small country, both in Republika Makedonija e mala zemja, kako po territory and in population. According to the last Census teritorija, taka i po broj na naselenie. Spored of population, households and dwellings, conducted in posledniot Popis na naselenieto, doma}instvata November 2002, the total population is 2.022.547 inhabii stanovite, sproveden vo noemvri 2002 godina, tants. The gender structure shows approximately equall vkupnoto naselenie iznesuva 2.022.547 lica. participation of both genders (50.2 % men and 49. 8 % Polovata struktura poka`uva re~isi izedna~eno women). On a lower territorial level the situation is similar. u~estvo na obata pola (50.2% ma`i i 49.8% `eni). Small is the number of municipalities where one of the Na ponisko teritorijalno nivo sostojbata e sli~na. genders dominates and, usually, it is the case with the Mal e brojot na op{tini kade {to dominira eden od municipalities with small number of inhabitants. polovite i, po pravilo, toa e slu~aj vo op{tinite so mal broj na `iteli. 2.4.1 31.12.2005
`eni/women
85+ 80 - 84 75 - 79 70 - 74 65 - 69 60 - 64 55 -59 50 - 54 45 - 49 40 - 44 35 - 39 30 - 34 25 - 29 20 - 24 15 - 19 10 - 14 5-9 0-4 100

ma`i/men

80

60

40

20

20

40

60

80

100

iljadi/thousands
Izvor: Dr`aven zavod za statistika Source: State Statistical Office

iljadi/thousands

Starosnata struktura (Proceni na naselenieto na 31.12.2005 godina) poka`uva relativno malo u~estvo na populacijata na vozrast do 15 godini (19.4% od vkupnoto naselenie) i dosta golemo u~estvo na populacijata postara od 64 godini (11.1%). Na ponisko teritorijalno nivo, voo~livi se golemi razliki vo odnos na starosnata struktura na naselenieto. Op{tinite od zapadniot i severoisto~niot del na zemjata (Polo{kiot, Severoisto~niot i Jugozapadniot region) se karakteriziraat so mnogu pogolemo u~estvo na mladoto naselenie, za razlika od op{tinite vo ju`niot i isto~niot del na zemjata kade {to dominira staroto naselenie.(Videte grafikon 2.4.1) Prose~nata gustina na naselenieto iznesuva 79 lica na eden km2. Poradi intenzivnite migracioni dvi`ewa, na ponisko teritorijalno nivo se zabele`uvaat ogromni razliki vo odnos na gustinata na naselenieto. Op{tinite koi sodr`at gradska naselba poka`uvaat pogusta naselenost (najgusto naselena e op{tina ^air so duri 18481 `itel na km2), dodeka ~isto ruralnite op{tini se mnogu poretko naseleni. No, i kaj vakvite op{tini postojat golemi

The age structure (Estimates of population on 31.12.2005) shows relatively low participation of the population at the age up to 15 years (19.4 % of the total population) and quite high participation of population older than 64 years (11.1 %). On a lower territorial level, big differences in relation to the age structure of the population are apparent . The municipalities from the western and the north-eastern part of the country (the Polog region, the North-eastern region and the South-western region) are characterised by much higher participation of the young population, as opposed to the municipalities in the southern and the eastern part of the country, where the old population is dominating. (See chart 2.4.1) The average population density is 79 inhabitants per km. Because of the intensive migration movements, on a lower territorial level huge differences in relation to the population density are registered. The municipalities that include city settlement show higher density (the municipality with highest density is Chair, with as many as 18481 inhabitants per km), while the purely rural municipalities are much less populated. But, in these municipalities there are also big differences. The municipality Arachinovo with 371 inhabitants per km and

23

OSNOVNI PODATOCI ZA ZEMJATA BASIC DATA FOR THE COUNTRY

razliki. Op{tina Ara~inovo so 371 `itel na km2 i polo{kite op{tini Bogoviwe (205 `iteli na km2), Tearce (165 `iteli na km2) i Vrap~i{te (161 `itel na km2), iako ~isto ruralni, poka`uvaat pogolema gustina na naselenie od niza op{tini koi sodr`at i gradski naselbi. Za razlika od niv, op{tinite Novaci (5 `iteli na km2), Drugovo (8 `iteli na km2), ^a{ka (9 `iteli na km2), Staro Nagori~ane (11 `iteli na km2) i niza drugi, poka`uvaat re~isi celosna demografska opusto{enost. (Videte karta 2.4.2) 2.4.2 Gustina na naselenieto, 2002 godina 2.4.2 Population density, 2002

the municipalities from the Polog region, Bogovinje (205 inhabitants per km), Tearce (165 inhabitants per km) and Vrapchishte (161 inhabitant per km), event though they are purely rural, they show higher population density than a number of municipalities that include city settlements. As opposed to them, the municipalities Novaci (5 inhabitants per km), Drugovo (8 inhabitants per km), Chashka (9 inhabitants per km), Staro Nagorichane (11 inhabitants per km) and many others, show almost complete demochartic devastation. (See map 2.4.2)

po op{tini, spored teritorijalnata organizacija 2004 godina by municipalities according to territorial organisation 2004

Prose~en broj na `iteli na km2: Average number of population per km2:

Vkupna povr{ina na Republika Makedonija vo km2:

25 713

Average number of population per km2: Vkupno naselenie, 2002: Total population, 2002 2 022 547

Prose~na gustina na naselenieto vo Republika Makedonija:

78.7

Average population density in the Republic of Macedonia

Izvor: Dr`aven zavod za statistika Source: State Statistical Office

24

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S 2.5 Vrabotenost
Spored Anketata za rabotnata sila koja se sproveduva vo soglasnost so metodolo{kite preporaki na Me|unarodnata organizacija na trudot (ILO) i preporakite na Evropskoto statisti~ko biro (Eurostat), kako vraboteni se smetaat licata na vozrast od 15 godini i pove}e koi: - rabotele za pari (vo gotovo, vo natura ili profit), najmalku 1 ~as; - privremeno bile otsutni od rabotnoto mesto, no formalno bile vraboteni; ili - pomagale (na semejniot imot ili semejnoto pretprijatie) bez plata.

OSNOVNI PODATOCI ZA ZEMJATA BASIC DATA FOR THE COUNTRY

S 2.5 Employment

According to the Labour Force Survey conducted according to the methodological recommendations of the International Labour Organisation (ILO) and the recommendations of the European statistical bureau (Eurostat), the persons over 15 years of age are considered as employed if they: - Have been working for money (in cash, in kind or profit), at least 1 hour; - Have temporarily been absent from the work position, but formally have been employed; or - Have been helping (on the family asset or in the family company) without payment.

2.5.1
620 600 580 560 540 520 500 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 iljadi thousands

Izvor: Dr`aven zavod za statistika Source: State Statistical Office

Vo periodot 2001-2005 godina, najgolem broj na vraboteni lica se zabele`ani vo 2001 godina - 599 308, a najmal broj, 522 995, se zabele`ani vo 2004 godina. (Videte grafikon 2.5.1) Vo periodot 2001-2005 najgolemo u~estvo vo vkupnata vrabotenost bele`at sektorite: Prerabotuva~ka industrija i Zemjodelstvo, lov i {umarstvo. (Videte tabela 2.5.2 vo Dodatokot)

In the period from 2001 to 2005, the biggest number of employed was registered in 2001, 599 308, and the lowest number, 522 995, was registered in 2004. (See chart 2.5.1) In the period from 2001 to 2005 the biggest participation in the total employment was registered in the sectors: Manufacturing industry and Agriculture, hunting and forestry (See the table 2.5.2 in the Appendix)

25

OSNOVNI PODATOCI ZA ZEMJATA BASIC DATA FOR THE COUNTRY

D 2.6 Bruto-doma{en proizvod

Bruto-doma{niot proizvod (BDP) po pazarni ceni e finalen proizvod na proizvodnata aktivnost na rezidentnite proizvodni edinici i pretstavuva zbir na bruto - dodadenata vrednost od oddelni institucionalni sektori ili oddelni dejnosti, po osnovni ceni, plus danokot na dodadena vrednost i carinite, minus subvenciite na proizvodi ({to ne se raspredeleni po dejnosti). 2.6

D 2.6 Gross Domestic Product at market prices

The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) at market prices is the final result of the production activity of the resident producer units and is the sum of gross value added of the various institutional sectors or the various industries at basic prices plus value added tax and import duties less subsidies on products (which are not allocated to industries).

Izvor: Dr`aven zavod za statistika Source: State Statistical Office

Bruto - doma{niot proizvod, presmetan vo evra, vo 2001 zabele`uva opa|awe, dodeka vo periodot 2002-2004 poka`uva kontinuiran porast. (Videte grafikon 2.6)

Gross domestic product calculated in Euros in 2001 decreases, while for the period 2002-2004 it showed permanent increase. (See chart 2.6)

26

2
2.7 Dodadena vrednost (po osnovni D ceni) po sektori
Bruto-dodadenata vrednost, po osnovni ceni, se definira kako razlika na bruto - vrednosta na proizvodstvoto i me|ufaznata potro{uva~ka. Presmetkite na BDP se vo soglasnost so standardite na SNS93 i ESS95. 2.7

OSNOVNI PODATOCI ZA ZEMJATA BASIC DATA FOR THE COUNTRY

D 2.7 Value added (at basic prices) by sector

Gross Value Added at basic prices represents the balance between gross output and intermediate consumption. GDP calculations are in accordance with SNA 93 and ESA95 standards.

2000

2004

Uslugi Services 54,2%

Uslugi Services 57,7%

Industriski sektor Industrial Sector 33,7%

Zemjodelstvo Agriculture 12,0%

Industriski sektor Industrial Sector 29,2%

Zemjodelstvo Agriculture 13,2%

Izvor: Dr`aven zavod za statistika Source: State Statistical Office

Bruto - dodadenata vrednost go poka`uva istiot trend na rast kako i bruto-doma{niot proizvod. Vo periodot 2000-2004 godina, najgolemo u~estvo vo dodadenata vrednost poka`uva Prerabotuva~kata industrija. (Videte grafikon 2.7)

The Gross Value Added shows the same trend of growth as the gross domestic product. In the period 2000-2004 the biggest share in Value Added was shown by the Manufacturing industry. (See chart 2.7)

27

3
Voved
Podatocite za koristewe na zemji{teto se odnesuvaat na glavnite kategorii na zemji{teto {to gi opfa}a povr{inite i proizvodstvoto na delovnite subjekti (zemjodelski pretprijatija i zemjodelski zadrugi, javni pretprijatija koi stopanisuvaat so pasi{ta i {umi), kako i individualnite zemjodelski stopanstva. Podatocite se pribiraat so redovni statisti~ki istra`uvawa vo forma na statisti~ki izve{tai bazirani na smetkovodstvena i druga administrativna evidencija i stru~na statisti~ka procena.

KORISTEWE NA ZEMJI[TETO I ZEMJODELSTVO LAND USE AND AGRICULTURE

Introduction
The land use data relates to the main categories of the land which includes the areas and the production of the business entities (agricultural companies and agricultural cooperatives, the public enterprises that manage pastures and forests), and the individual agricultural economies. The data are gathered by regular statistical surveys in a form of statistical reports based on accounting and other administrative records and expert statistical esimate.

The tables for each chapter can be seen in the Appendix. Explanations and definitions on some of the terms appearing in this chapter you will find in the Glossary.

Tabelite za sekoe poglavje mo`at da se vidat vo Dodatokot. Objasnuvawa i definicii za nekoi od poimite koi se pojavuvaat vo ova poglavje }e najdete vo Re~nikot.

29

KORISTEWE NA ZEMJI[TETO I ZEMJODELSTVO LAND USE AND AGRICULTURE

Land use in accordance with CORINE Upotreba na zemji{teto vo soglasnost so S 3.1 S 3.1 Nomenklaturata CORINE Land COVER, 1996 Land COVER Nomenclature, 1996
Indikatorot na kartata 3.1.1 ja poka`uva strukturata na povr{inata na zemjata vo soglasnost so Nomenklaturata CORINE Land COVER. 3.1.1 The indicator on the map 3.1.1 shows the structure of the land area according to the CORINE Land COVER nomenclature.

Izvor: Ministerstvo za `ivotna sredina i prostorno planirawe Source: Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning

30

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3.1.2
[umi i poluprirodni oblasti Forests and seminatural areas 59,7% Vodni povr{ini Wetlands 0,1%

KORISTEWE NA ZEMJI[TETO I ZEMJODELSTVO LAND USE AND AGRICULTURE

Ve{ta~ki povr{ini Artificial areas 1,5% Vodni tela Water bodies 2,2% Zemjodelski povr{ini Agricultural areas 36,6%
Izvor: Ministerstvo za `ivotna sredina i prostorno planirawe Source: Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning

Poradi karakteristikite na zemjinata pokrivka na teritorijata na Republika Makedonija, od 44 mo`ni klasifikacii spored Nomenklaturata CORINE Land COVER, identifikuvani se 31 klasifikacija do treto nivo na Nomenklaturata. Dopolnitelno, od istite pri~ini, minimalnata prostorna edinica koja e obrabotuvana vo proektot, namesto 25 hektari e namalena na 20 hektari. Spored Nomenklaturata CORINE Land COVER, najgolem procent od zemji{teto e pod {umi i poluprirodni povr{ini koi{to pokrivaat 15 879 km2 {to pretstavuva 59,7% od vkupnata povr{ina. Kategorijata zemjodelski povr{ini zafa}a 9 739 km2 ili 36,6% od vkupnata povr{ina, kategorijata vodni tela zafa}a 591 km2 ili 2,2% od vkupnata povr{ina, kategorijata ve{ta~ki povr{ini zafa}a 389 km2 ili 1,5% od vkupnata povr{ina, i najmala povr{ina od 20 km2 ili 0,1% od vkupnata povr{ina zafa}a kategorijata vodni povr{ini. (Videte grafikon 3.1.2)

Because of the characteristics of the land on the territory of the Republic of Macedonia, out of 44 possible classifications according to the CORINE Land COVER nomenclature 31 classifications up to 3rd level of the nomenclature have been identified. Additionally, for the same reasons, the minimum spatial unit treated in the project has been reduced from 25 ha to 20 ha. According to the CORINE Land COVER nomenclature, the high percentage of the land is under forests and seminatural areas that cover 15 879 km, or 59.7% of the total surface area. The category agricultural areas takes 9 739 km or 36.6% of the total area, the category water bodies takes 591 km or 2.2% of the total area and the smallest area of 20 km or 0.1% of the total area belongs to the category of water areas. (See chart 3.1.2)

31

KORISTEWE NA ZEMJI[TETO I ZEMJODELSTVO LAND USE AND AGRICULTURE

Povr{ina na zemji{teto po kategorii S 3.2 S 3.2. Land area by categories of use na koristewe
Ovoj indikator ja poka`uva osnovnata struktura na zemji{teto, odnosno kolkav del od zemji{teto se koristi kako zemjodelsko zemji{te i kolkava e povr{inata pod {umi. 3.2

This indicator shows the basic land structure i.e. how much of the land is used as agricultural land and how large is the area under forests.

2005

Izvor: Dr`aven zavod za statistika Source: State Statistical Office

Zemjodelskoto zemji{te koe go opfa}a obrabotlivoto zemji{te i pasi{tata zafa}a okolu 47,8% od vkupnata povr{ina. [umite se protegaat na 37,2% od vkupnata povr{ina na Republika Makedonija. Ostanatite 15% se povr{inite koi ne se klasificirani nitu vo {umsko nitu vo zemjodelsko zemji{te. (Videte grafikon 3.2)
Napomena: Razlikata vo vrednostite za povr{inite na zemjodelskoto zemji{te, soglasno indikatorite 3.1 i 3.2, se javuva poradi dve pri~ini: 1. Razli~na nomeklatura, odnosno definicija na kategorijata "Zemjodelsko zemji{te". Pri~ina za toa e razli~nata namena na indikatorite. Indikatorot 3.1 e izgotven so cel da izvr{i kategorizacija na zemjinata pokrivka od aspekt na nejzinoto razli~no vlijanie na `ivotnata sredina, dodeka indikatorot 3.2 e baziran na podatocite dobieni od premerot na zemji{teto, ~ija primarna cel e kategorizacija na zemji{teto od aspekt na koristeweto na zemji{teto vo zemjodelstvoto. 2. Minimalnite prostorni edinici koi se obrabotuvaat po razli~nite indikatori. Imeno, vo indikatorot 3.1 minimalnata povr{ina koja se identificira na terenot e 20 hektari, {to zna~i deka povr{inite so pomala vrednost od 20 hektari se integriraat vo okolnite kategorii. Imaj}i ja predvid usitnetata struktura na zemjodelskoto zemji{te vo RM, jasno e deka ova e faktor koj zna~itelno vlijae vo kalkulacijata na vkupnata povr{inata. Od druga strana, faktot deka indikatorot 3.2 e baziran na podatocite od premerot na zemji{teto, naveduva na zaklu~ok deka vo ovoj slu~aj stanuva zbor za dimenzii pomali od 1 metar, odnosno nema generalizirawe na podatocite.

The agricultural land, which includes the cultivable land and the pastures, takes about 47,8% of the total area. The forests spread on 37,2% of the total area of the Republic of Macedonia. The rest of the 15% are the areas which are not classified neither in forest nor in agricultural land. (See chart 3.2)
Note: the difference in the values of agricultural land areas, under indicators 3.1 and 3.2, results from two reasons: 1. The different nomenclature or definition of the category "Agricultural land". The reason for this is the different purpose of indicators. Indicator 3.1 has been developed for the purpose of conducting categorisation of the land cover in terms of its different environmental impact, while indicator 3.2 has been based on data produced by land survey, the primary goal of which is the categorization of the land in therms of use of the land in the Agriculture. 2. Minimum spatial units processed under different indicators. Namely, the minimum area identified on the spot under indicator 3.1 is 20 hectares, which means that areas of size smaller than 20 hectares are integrated in adjacent categories. Taking into account the cut up structure of agricultural land in the Republic of Macedonia, it is clear that this is a factor of significant effect on the calculation of the total area. On the other side, the fact that the indicator 3.2 is based on data resulting from land survey leads to the conclusion that sizes smaller than 1 meter are involved in this case, or there is no data generalization.

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Ovoj indikator podetalno ja poka`uva strukturata na zemjodelskoto zemji{te i preku nego se gleda povr{inata na zemjodelskoto zemji{te klasificirana spored na~inot na koristewe. Zemjodelskoto zemji{te gi vklu~uva povr{inite koi se koristat za zemjodelsko proizvodstvo: obrabotlivite povr{ini i pasi{tata. 3.3
800 iljadi ha

KORISTEWE NA ZEMJI[TETO I ZEMJODELSTVO LAND USE AND AGRICULTURE

Zemjodelsko zemji{te po kategorii S 3.3 S 3.3 Agricultural land by categories of use na koristewe

This indicator shows more detailed structure of the agricultural land and it presents the area of the agricultural land by the way of use. The agricultural land includes the areas used for agricultural production: the cultivable areas and the pastures.

thousand ha

600

400

200

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Obrabotliva povr{ina Cultivable area

Pasi{ta Pastures

Izvor: Dr`aven zavod za statistika Source: State Statistical Office

Podatocite za povr{inata na zemjodelskoto zemji{te vo periodot od {est posledovatelni godini uka`uvaat na zna~itelna stabilnost, bez pogolemi razliki od godina vo godina. (Videte grafikon 3.3)

The data on the area of the agricultural land during the period of six continuous years show significant stability, without big differences from year to year. (See chart 3.3)

33

KORISTEWE NA ZEMJI[TETO I ZEMJODELSTVO LAND USE AND AGRICULTURE

S 3.4 Povr{ina pod {uma

Povr{inata pod {uma ja opfa}a povr{inata obrasnata so {umski drvja vo vid na nasadi. Drvoredite, parkovite, {umskite rasadnici i grupite drvja zasadeni na {umsko zemji{te, na povr{ina pomala od 5 ari, ne se smetat za {uma. 3.4
1000 990 980 970 960 950 940 930 920 910 900 2000

3. 4 Area under forest

The land under forest scopes the area overgrown with forest woods in the form of tree stands. The alleys, the parks, the tree nurseries and the groups of trees in an area smaller than 5 acres are not considered as a forest.

iljadi ha

thousands ha

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Izvor: Dr`aven zavod za statistika Source: State Statistical Office

Povr{inite pod {uma se protegaat na vkupna povr{ina od okolu 960 iljadi hektari. Voobi~aeno, ovoj indikator e relativno konstanten vo odredeni granici. Povr{inata pod {umi glavno ja so~inuvaat listopadni vidovi drvja. Dominiraat dabot i bukata, no zastapeni se i site drugi vidovi karakteristi~ni za na{eto podnebje. (Videte grafikon 3.4)

The areas under forest spread on a total area of 960 thousand ha. Usually, this indicator is relatively constant. The land under forests is mainly consisted of broadleaved species. The oak and the beech dominate, but also all the other species characteristic for our climate are represented. (See chart 3.4)

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S 3.5 Pasi{ta
Pasi{ta se povr{ini {to se koristat za pasewe na dobitokot. Tie go so~inuvaat najgolemiot del od zemjodelskoto zemji{te i so niv se opfateni ridsko-planinskite i nizinskite pasi{ta

KORISTEWE NA ZEMJI[TETO I ZEMJODELSTVO LAND USE AND AGRICULTURE

S 3.5 Pastures

Pastures are areas used for grazing the cattle. They compose the biggest part of the agricultural land and they includes the hilly and mountainous, and the plain pastures.

3.5
800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 2000

iljadi ha

thousands ha

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Izvor: Dr`aven zavod za statistika Source: State Statistical Office

Pasi{tata se prostiraat na povr{ina od okolu 700 iljadi hektari. Vo vkupnoto zemjodelsko zemji{te u~estvuvaat so okolu 55%. Pove}eto od pasi{tata se planinski, no zastapeni se i nizinski pasi{ta. (Videte grafikon 3.5)

The pastures spread on an area of approximately 700 thousands ha. In the total agricultural land they participate with approximately 55%. Most of the pastures are mountainous, but also plain pastures are represented. (See chart 3.5)

35

KORISTEWE NA ZEMJI[TETO I ZEMJODELSTVO LAND USE AND AGRICULTURE

Broj na dobitok po vidovi i po S 3.6 kategorii

Brojot na dobitokot e indikator koj ja prika`uva brojnata sostojba na oddelni vidovi i kategorii na dobitok. So ovoj indikator se opfateni brojot na grlata goveda, sviwi i ovci, kako i brojot na `ivinata. Zbirno se prika`ani grlata dobitok i brojot na `ivina vo individualniot sektor i kaj zemjodelskite pretprijatija i zadrugi. 3.6
4 3,5 3 2,5 2 1,5 1 0,5 0 2000 2001 2002 broj (milioni)

Number of livestock by species and S 3.6 categories

The number of the livestock is an indicator which shows the number of separate species and categories of livestock. This indicator scopes the number of heads of cattle, pigs and sheep, as well as the number of poultry. The heads of livestock and the number of poultry in both the individual sector and the agricultural companies and cooperatives are shown together.

number (million)

2003

2004

2005

Goveda Cattle

Sviwi Pigs

Ovci Sheep

@ivina Poultry

Izvor: Dr`aven zavod za statistika Source: State Statistical Office

Podatocite za periodot od 2000 do 2005 poka`uvaat tendencija na blago opa|awe kaj vkupniot broj na goveda, sviwi i ovci. Ista e sostojbata i kaj `ivinata kade {to vo 2005 godina se bele`i namaluvawe na brojot na `ivinata za 108 286 vo odnos na prethodnata godina. (Videte grafikon 3.6)

The data for the period from 2000 to 2005 show a tendency of slight fall in the total number of cattle, pigs and sheep. It is the same condition with poultry where, in 2005, slight decrease in the number of poultry for 108 286 compared to the previous year was noted. (See chart 3.6)

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S 3.7 Broj na p~elni semejstva
Ovoj indikator go prika`uva brojot na p~elnite semejstva vo Republika Makedonija vo period od 6 posledovatelni godini.

KORISTEWE NA ZEMJI[TETO I ZEMJODELSTVO LAND USE AND AGRICULTURE

S 3.7 Number of beehives

This indicator shows the number of beehives in the Republic of Macedonia for a period of 6 continuous years.

3.7

Izvor: Dr`aven zavod za statistika Source: State Statistical Office

Podatocite za brojot na p~elni semejstva variraat po godini. Linijata na grafikonot poka`uva tendencija na blago opa|awe na brojot na p~elnite semejstva i toa od 75 481 vo 2000 godina do 66 738 vo 2005 godina. (Videte grafikon 3.7)

The data on the number of beehives vary by years. The line on the chart shows tendency of slight decrease in the number of beehives from 75 481 in 2000 to 66 738 in 2005. (See chart 3.7)

37

KORISTEWE NA ZEMJI[TETO I ZEMJODELSTVO LAND USE AND AGRICULTURE

P 3.8. Bruto-bilans na azot

Indikatorot gi zema predvid vleznite i izleznite koli~ini na azot na zemjodelskoto stopanstvo. Vleznite materii se sostojat od koli~estvoto na azot primenet preku mineralni |ubriva i arsko |ubrivo, kako i vrzuvaweto na azotot od strana na azotofiksatornite rastenija, nanosite od vozduh i od drugi pomali izvori. Izlezniot azot se sodr`i vo sobranite (o`neani) kulturi, trevite i rastenijata {to gi jade dobitokot. Grubiot, t.e. bruto-bilansot na azot se izrazuva vo kgN/godina na hektar (ha). 3.8
9 000 8 000 7 000 6 000 5 000 4 000 3 000 2 000 1 000 0 2000 2001

P 3.8 Gross-balance of nitrogene

The indicator takes in consideration the input and output quantities of nitrogen in agriculture. The input substances consist of the quantity of nitrogen applied through mineral fertilizers and artificial fertilizer, as well as the nitrogen fixation by the nitrogen-fixating plants, the alluvia by air and of other smaller sources. The output nitrogen is contained in the collected (reaped) crops, the herbs and the plants the livestock consumes. The rough i.e. the gross-balance of nitrogen is expressed in kgN/year per hectar (ha).

12 10 8 6 4 2 0

2002

2003

2004

Azoten bilans (toni) N balance (t)

KgN/ha KgN/ha
Izvor: Ministerstvo za `ivotna sredina i prostorno planirawe Source: Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning

Vo periodot od 2000 do 2001 godina zabele`liv e zna~itelen rast vo bruto-bilansot na azot, potoa sleduva stagnacija po {to se zabele`uva naglo opa|awe vo periodot od 2002 do 2003 godina i ponatamo{no blago opa|awe na bruto-bilansot na azot. Postojaniot suficit indicira potencijalni problemi so `ivotnata sredina, dodeka postojaniot deficit vo azotniot bilans indicira potencijalen rizik za namaluvawe na hranlivite materii vo po~vata. (Videte grafikon 3.8)

In the period from 2000 to 2001, we can notice a significant increase in the gross-balance of nitrogen, followed by stagnation and then a sudden decrease in the period from 2002 to 2003 and further slight decrease in the gross-balance of nitrogen. The constant surplus indicates potential problems with the environment, while the constant deficit in the nitrogen balance indicates potential risk of decrease in the nutrient substances in soil. (See chart 3.8)

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S 3.9.1 Proizvodstvo na pesticidi
Podatocite za proizvedenite koli~ini na pesticidi (insekticidi, herbicidi i fungicidi) go pretstavuvaat godi{noto proizvodstvo od Godi{niot izve{taj za industrijata vo klasata 24.20 - Proizvodstvo na pesticidi i drugi agrohemiski proizvodi od Nacionalnata klasifikacija na dejnostite. Proizvedenite koli~ini se obraboteni spored Nacionalnata nomenklatura na industriski proizvodi. Isto taka, proizvodstvoto na pesticidi e vklu~eno vo primerokot na proizvodite za presmetka na indeksot na fizi~kiot obem na industriskoto proizvodstvo. 3.9.1

KORISTEWE NA ZEMJI[TETO I ZEMJODELSTVO LAND USE AND AGRICULTURE

S 3.9.1 Production of pesticides

The data on produced quantities of pesticides (insecticides, herbicides and fungicides) represent an annual production from the Annual report for industry in the class 24.20 - Production of pesticides and other agrochemical products from the National Classification of Activities (NCA). The produced quantities are processed according to the National Nomenclature of Industrial Products. Also, the production of pesticides is included in the sample products for calculating the total volume index of industrial production.

3.9.1.1
Fungicidi, rodenticidi i sli~ni proizvodi Fungicides, rodenticides and similar products

2005

49,3%

Insekticidi Insecticides

12,0%

Herbicidi Herbicides

38,7%

Izvor: Dr`aven zavod za statistika Source: State Statistical Office

Proizvodstvoto na pesticidi (insekticidi, herbicidi i fungicidi) opa|a vo periodot od 2000 do 2005 godina. (Videte grafikon 3.9.1) Vo 2005 godina se proizvedeni vkupno 75 toni pesticidi od koi 49,3% se fungicidi, 38,7% se insekticidi, a 12,0% se herbicidi. (Videte grafikon 3.9.1.1)

The production of pesticides (insecticides, herbicides and fungicides) has decreased during the period from 2000 to 2005. (See chart 3.9.1) In 2005, 75 tones of pesticides, out of which 49,3% fungicides, 38,7% insecticides and 12,0% herbicides were produced. (See chart 3.9.1.1)

39

KORISTEWE NA ZEMJI[TETO I ZEMJODELSTVO LAND USE AND AGRICULTURE

S 3.9.2. Proizvodstvo na ve{ta~ki |ubriva S 3.9.2. Production of artificial fertilizers

Proizvodstvoto na ve{ta~ki |ubriva (|ubriva koi{to sodr`at azot, fosfor i kalium so pove}e od 10% azot i monoamonium fosfat) e opfateno so godi{noto proizvodstvo od Godi{niot izve{taj za industrijata vo klasata 24.15 - Proizvodstvo na ve{ta~ki |ubriva i azotni soedinenija od Nacionalnata klasifikacija na dejnostite. Proizvodstvoto na ve{ta~ki |ubriva e del od primerokot na proizvodite za presmetka na indeksot na fizi~kiot obem na industriskoto proizvodstvo. 3.9.2

The production of artificial fertilizers (fertilizers that contain nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium with more than 10 % of nitrogen and monoammonium phosphate) is scoped with the annual production from the Annual report for industry in the class 24.15 - Production of artificial fertilizers and nitrogen compounds from the National Classification of Activities. The production of artificial fertilizers is part of the sample products for calculating the index of the total volume index of the industrial production.

3.9.2.1

Izvor: Dr`aven zavod za statistika Source: State Statistical Office

Proizvodstvoto na ve{ta~ki |ubriva vo periodot 2000-2005 godina ima trend na opa|awe. Vo 2004 i 2005 godina nema proizvodstvo na ve{ta~ki |ubriva vo Republika Makedonija. (Videte grafikon 3.9.2)

The production of artificial fertilizers in the period from 2000 to 2005 had a falling trend. In 2004 and 2005 there was no production of fertilizers in the Republic of Macedonia. (See chart 3.9.2)

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Voved
Osnovni karakteristiki na biolo{kata raznovidnost vo Republika Makedonija se bogatstvoto i heterogenosta na vidovite i ekosistemite i visokiot stepen na reliktnost i endemizam. I pokraj faktot {to diverzitetot na florata i faunata s u{te ne e celosno prou~en, sepak, spored raspolo`livite soznanija, poka`uva ogromno bogatstvo - nad 18 000 taksoni od florata, fungijata i faunata, od koi nad 900 se makedonski endemiti. Pod {umi, tradicionalno, se podrazbira resurs koj dava materijalni dobra. No, pokraj ekonomskata funkcija, {umite imaat mnogubrojni drugi korisni funkcii za op{testvoto i mnogustrana za{titna funkcija, osobeno vo pogled na za{titata na biodiverzitetot, zapirawe na erozijata, blagoprijatno vlijanie vrz klimata i re`imot na vodite, proizvodstvoto na kislorod i kvalitetot na `ivotnata sredina. Site ovie funkcii na {umite se vo korelacija so nivnata sostojba i struktura, kako spored povr{inata, taka i spored kvalitetot. Ekonomskata, socijalnata i ekolo{kata funkcija na {umite se od ogromno zna~ewe za odr`liviot razvoj na op{testvoto i za podobruvawe na kvalitetot na `ivotot.

BIOLO[KA RAZNOVIDNOST I [UMARSTVO BIODIVERSITY AND FORESTRY

Introduction
Richness and heterogeneity of species and ecosystems, and the high degree of relicts and endemism are the main characteristics of biological diversity in the Republic of Macedonia. Besides the fact that the diversity of flora and fauna has not been completely studied, yet, according to the available findings, it shows great richness - over 18 000 taxa of flora, fungus and fauna, of which over 900 are Macedonian endemics. Forests, traditionally, mean a resource that provides material goods. But, besides the economic function, the forests have numerous other functions useful for the society as well as broad protective function, especially in the protection of biodiversity, the prevention of erosion, suitable influence on the climate and water regime, the production of oxygen and the quality of the living environment. All these functions of forests are corelative to their condition and structure, according to both surface and quality. The economic, social and ecological functions of forests are of great importance for the sustainable development of society and for the improvement of the quality of life.

The tables for each chapter can be seen in the Appendix. Explanations and definitions on some of the terms appearing in this chapter you will find in the Glossary.

Tabelite za sekoe poglavje mo`at da se vidat vo Dodatokot. Objasnuvawa i definicii za nekoi od poimite koi se pojavuvaat vo ova poglavje }e najdete vo Re~nikot.

41

BIOLO[KA RAZNOVIDNOST I [UMARSTVO BIODIVERSITY AND FORESTRY

Number of endemic and threatened Broj na endemi~ni i zagrozeni divi S 4.1 S 4.1 species among the higher plants, 2006 rastitelni vidovi, 2006
Indikatorot go poka`uva vkupniot broj na endemi~ni i zagrozeni vidovi na flora, opredeleni so me|unarodni dokumenti i so nacionalnoto zakonodavstvo. The indicator shows the total number of endemic and threatened species of flora, determined according to international documents and the international legislation.

4.1
Skrienosemeni/Angiosperms - Dicotyledonae Skrienosemeni/Angiosperms - Monocotyledonae Movovi Mosses Paprati Ferns Golosemeni rastenija Gymnosperms ^lenestostebleni rastenija Horsetails Likopodiumovi rastenija Peat mosses
0
109 700 283 600 57 349 20 42 16 15 8 7 2 6 6

Vkupno vidovi Number of Species

Endemi~ni vidovi Endemic species

Zagrozeni vidovi Threatened species

100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800

Izvor: Ministerstvo za `ivotna sredina i prostorno planirawe Source: Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning

Kaj vi{ite rastenija, na teritorijata na Republika Makedonija se sre}avaat balkanski, ju`nobalkanski i lokalni, makedonski endemiti. Najgolem broj endemi~ni rastitelni vidovi (114) se registrirani kaj skrienosemenite rastenija. Vo Republika Makedonija s u{te ne e izgotvena nacionalna Crvena lista na zagrozeni divi rastitelni vidovi. Zasegnatite vidovi, navedeni vo tabelata, se vklu~eni spored me|unarodnite kriteriumi sodr`ani vo pove}e me|unarodni dokumenti. Svetskata Crvena lista na IUCN sodr`i 70 taksoni od Republika Makedonija od koi 18 se lokalni endemiti. (Videte grafikon 4.1)

Higher plants found on the territory of the Republic of Macedonia are Balkan, Southern-Balkan and local, Macedonian endemics. The highest number of endemic plant species (114) is registered among the dicotyledons. In the Republic of Macedonia, the national Red list of threatened wild plant species has not been prepared yet. The concerned species, listed in the table, are included according to the international criteria contained in several international documents. The World Red List of IUCN contains 70 taxa from the Republic of Macedonia, of which 18 are local endemics. (See chart 4.1)

42

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Broj na endemi~ni i zagrozeni S 4.2 'rbetni `ivotinski vidovi, 2006
Indikatorot go poka`uva vkupniot broj na 'rbetni `ivotinski vidovi, endemi~ni i zagrozeni vidovi, opredeleni so me|unarodni dokumenti i so nacionalnoto zakonodavstvo.

BIOLO[KA RAZNOVIDNOST I [UMARSTVO BIODIVERSITY AND FORESTRY

Number of endemic and threatened S 4.2 vertebrate species, 2006

The indicator shows the total number of vertebrate animal species, endemic and threatened species, determined by international documents and the national legislation.

4.2
319

Ptici Birds Cica~i Mammals Ribi Fishes Vle~ugi Reptiles 0

4 16

66 82

58 20 30 32 1

Vkupno vidovi Number of species Endemi~ni vidovi Endemic species Zagrozeni vidovi Threatened species

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

Izvor: Ministerstvo za `ivotna sredina i prostorno planirawe Source: Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning

Osnovno obele`je na faunata vo Republika Makedonija e visokiot stepen na taksonomska raznovidnost koj e pretstaven so 9339 vidovi i 228 podvidovi ili vkupno 9567 taksoni. Od faunata na 'rbetnite `ivotni na teritorijata na Republika Makedonija, registrirani se 113 vidovi koi se vklu~eni vo evropskata Crvena lista. Nacionalna Crvena lista na zagrozeni vidovi fauna s u{te ne e izgotvena. Pome|u 'rbetnicite, najvisok procent na endemizam, 34.5%, se javuva kaj klasata na ribi, a od ostanatite klasi, 4 endemi~ni taksoni se registrirani samo kaj cica~ite. Od vkupno 20 endemi~ni vidovi ribi, 17 se vklu~eni vo kategorijata na globalno zagrozeni vidovi. (Videte grafikon 4.2)

Basic characteristic of fauna in the Republic of Macedonia is the high degree of taxonomic diversity represented by 9339 species and 228 subspecies or total 9567 taxa. As for the fauna of vertebrates on the territory of the Republic of Macedonia, about 113 species are registered which are included in the European Red List. The National Red List of threatened species has not been prepared yet. Among the vertebrates, highest percentage of endemism, 34.5%, is shown in the class of fish, and for the rest of the classes, 4 endemic taxa are registered only among the mammals. Out of a total of 20 endemic species of fish, 17 are included in the category of globally threatened species. (See chart 4.2)

43

BIOLO[KA RAZNOVIDNOST I [UMARSTVO BIODIVERSITY AND FORESTRY

Number of threatened species of fungi, S 4.3 Broj na zagrozeni vidovi gabi, 2006 S 4.3 2006
Indikatorot go poka`uva vkupniot broj na gabi i zagrozeni vidovi gabi, opredeleni so me|unarodni dokumenti i so nacionalnoto zakonodavstvo. 4.3
Basidiomycota Ascomycota Zygomicota Oomycota Myxomicota 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

The indicator shows the total number of fungi and threatened species of fungi determined according to international documents and the national legislation.

Vkupno vidovi Number of species Zagrozeni vidovi Threatened species

Izvor: Ministerstvo za `ivotna sredina i prostorno planirawe Source: Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning

Od vkupniot broj registrirani samoniknati gabi na teritorijata na Republika Makedonija (okolu 1250 vidovi), najgolem del pripa|aat na tipovite Myxomicota (10), Oomycota (20), Zygomicota (35), Ascomycota (130) i Basidiomycota (1050). Vo preliminarnata nacionalna Crvena lista na zagrozeni vidovi gabi vklu~eni se 67 vidovi koi pripa|aat na tipot Basidiomycota. (Videte grafikon 4.3)

Out of the total number of registered self-growing fungi on the territory of the Republic of Macedonia (about 1250 species), the greatest portion belongs to the types Myxomicota (10), Oomycota (20), Zygomicota (35), Ascomycota (130) and Basidiomycota (1050). The preliminary Red List of threatened species of fungi includes 67 species belonging to the type Basidiomycota. (See chart 4.3)

44

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S 4.4 Otstrelan dive~, po vidovi
Ovoj indikator go prika`uva brojot na dive~ot koj bil otstrelan vo tekot na godinata. 4.4

BIOLO[KA RAZNOVIDNOST I [UMARSTVO BIODIVERSITY AND FORESTRY

S 4.4. Hunted game by species

This indicator shows the number of game hunted during the year.

Izvor: Dr`aven zavod za statistika Source: State Statistical Office

Zajakot e naj~esta cel na lov, no evidenten e i otstrelot na divi sviwi i divokozi. Vo tekot na 2005 godina, perduvestiot dive~ be{e zabranet za lov, no vo prethodnite godini se zabele`ani pojavi na otstrel na erebici i fazani. (Videte grafikon 4.4)

The hare is the most common target of hunt, but the hunt of wild boars and chamois is evident, too. During 2005, the feathered game was forbidden for hunt, but in the previous years cases of hunt of partridges and pheasants have been recorded. (See chart 4.4)

45

BIOLO[KA RAZNOVIDNOST I [UMARSTVO BIODIVERSITY AND FORESTRY

S 4.5 Ulov na slatkovodna riba, po vidovi S 4.5. Fresh-water fish catches by species
Ulovot na riba gi opfa}a ulovenite primeroci na slatkovodni ribi pri vr{ewe na ribolov i toa: pastrmka, krap i ostanati vidovi. 4.5

The fish catch scopes the caught specimens of freshwater fish during fishing: trout, carp and other species.

Izvor: Dr`aven zavod za statistika Source: State Statistical Office

Podatocite go prika`uvaat koli~estvoto na riba ulovena vo rekite i ezerata vo periodot 20002005 godina, izrazeno vo toni. Vo vkupniot ulov na slatkovodna riba vo tekot na edna godina, najgolem udel ima koli~estvoto na ulovena pastrmka so 60%. Vo sporedba so 2000 godina, vo 2005 godina se zabele`uva tendencija na blago opa|awe na ulovot na pastrmka. Se lovat i golemi koli~estva na krap i toa od okolu 260 do pribli`no 300 toni godi{no. (Videte grafikon 4.5)

The data present the quantity of fish caught in the rivers and the lakes for the period 2000-2005, in tones. In the total catch of fresh-water fish during one year, the highest share belongs to the quantity of caught trout with 60%. Compared to 2000, in 2005 a tendency of slight decrease in the trout catch could be noted. Large quantities of carp are also being caught, from approximately 260 to approximately 300 tones annually. (See chart 4.5)

46

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Indikatorot go pretstavuva vkupniot broj i povr{inata na razli~nite kategorii za{titeni podra~ja vo Republika Makedonija, za{titeni vrz osnova na nacionalni instrumenti. 4.6
povr{ina vo km2 Nacionalen park National Park Spomenik na prirodata Natural Monument Strog priroden rezervat Strict Nature Reserve Oddelni rastitelni i `ivotinski vidovi Area Outside Nature Reserves containing Certain Plant and Animal Species Predel so posebni prirodni karakteristiki Site of Special Natural Character 0 200 400

BIOLO[KA RAZNOVIDNOST I [UMARSTVO BIODIVERSITY AND FORESTRY

Number and area of designated areas, Broj i povr{ina na za{titeni podra~ja, R 4.6 R 4.6 2006 2006

The indicator represents the total number and the area of the various categories of designated areas in the Republic of Macedonia, protected on the basis of national instruments.

area in km

600

800

1000

1200

Izvor: Ministerstvo za `ivotna sredina i prostorno planirawe Source: Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning

Mre`ata na za{titeni podra~ja vo Republika Makedonija vklu~uva 77 objekti so vkupna povr{ina od 1881.54 km2 {to pretstavuva okolu 7.40 % od vkupnata teritorija na dr`avata. Analizata na za{titenite podra~ja e napravena spored starata kategorizacija koja gi vklu~uva ka tegoriite dadeni vo grafikonot. Vo Zakonot za za{tita na prirodata, kategoriite na za{titeni podra~ja se usoglaseni so kategorizacijata na Svetskata unija za za~uvuvawe na prirodata (IUCN): strog priroden rezervat, nacionalen park, spomenik na prirodata, park na prirodata, za{titen predel i pove}enamensko podra~je. Od Zakonot proizleguva obvrskata vo rok od tri godini da se napravi revalorizacija na site postoe~ki za{titeni podra~ja i da se izgotvat akti za proglasuvawe spored novata kategorizacija. (Videte grafikon 4.6)

The net of designated areas in the Republic of Macedonia includes 77 objects with total area of 1881.54 km2, which is approximately 7.40 % of the total territory of the country. The analysis of the designated areas is done according to the old categorisation which includes the categories given on the chart. Under the Law on Nature Protection, the categories of designated areas are harmonised with the categorisation of the World Union for Nature Conservation (IUCN): strict nature reserve, national park, natural monument, natural park, designated area and area for multiple use. The Law imposes an obligation during a period of three years to make a revalorisation of all the existing designated areas and to prepare acts for declaring according to the new categorisation. (See chart 4.6)

47

BIOLO[KA RAZNOVIDNOST I [UMARSTVO BIODIVERSITY AND FORESTRY

S 4.7 [umi, po vidovi

[umite gi opfa}aat povr{inite obrasnati so {umski drvja vo vidovi nasadi: ~isti nasadi od listopadni vidovi, ~isti nasadi od iglolisni vidovi i me{oviti nasadi.

S 4.7 Forests by species

The forests scope the areas overgrown with forest trees in types of tree stands: pure tree stands of broadleaved species, pure tree stands of coniferous species and mixed tree stands.

4.7

2005

^isti nasadi od listopadni vidovi Pure tree stands of broad-leaved species 58,1%

^isti nasadi od iglolisni vidovi Pure tree stands of coniferous species 8,8%

Me{oviti nasadi Mixed tree stands 33,1%

Izvor: Dr`aven zavod za statistika Source: State Statistical Office

Najgolemo u~estvo vo vkupnata povr{ina pod {uma imaat ~istite nasadi od listopadni vidovi so 58,1%, bez zna~itelni promeni vo periodot 20002005 godina. ^istite nasadi od iglolisni vidovi poka`uvaat tendencija na blag porast - od 8% vo 2000 godina na 8,8% vo 2005 godina. (Videte grafikon 4.7)

The biggest share in the total area under forest belongs to the pure tree stands of broadleaved species, with 58,1%, without significant changes in the period 2000-2005. The pure tree stands of coniferous species show a tendency of slight increase-from 8% in 2000 to 8,8% in 2005. (See chart 4.7)

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S 4.8 Ise~ena drvna masa
Ise~enata drvna masa e kvantitativen pokazatel {to gi opfa}a raznite vidovi {umski sortimenti. Tuka spa|aat ise~enite trupci - listopadni i iglolisni, rudni~koto drvo, prostornoto drvo, ogrevnoto drvo i vkupniot otpadok. Ise~enata drvna masa se izrazuva vo m3. 4.8

BIOLO[KA RAZNOVIDNOST I [UMARSTVO BIODIVERSITY AND FORESTRY

S 4.8 Harvested timber

The harvested timber is quantitative indicator that scopes the various species of forest assortments. Here are included the harvested timbers broadleaved and coniferous, the mining wood, the spatial wood, the firewood and the total waste. The harvested timber is expressed in m.

Izvor: Dr`aven zavod za statistika Source: State Statistical Office

Analizata na sostojbata po godini poka`uva najgolemo koli~estvo na ise~ena drvna masa od 1148 m3 vo 2000 godina. Potoa, linijata na grafikonot varira so tendencija na pad vo 2001 godina, blag porast do 2002, za na krajot, vo 2005 godina da iznesuva 821 m3 ise~ena drvna masa. (Videte grafikon 4.8)

The analysis by years shows biggest quantity of harvested timber of 1148 m in 2000. Then, the chart line varies with falling tendency in 2001, slight increase in 2002, and in the end, in 2005, it amounts to 821 m of harvested timber. (See chart 4.8)

49

BIOLO[KA RAZNOVIDNOST I [UMARSTVO BIODIVERSITY AND FORESTRY

S 4.9 [teti vo {umite

[tetite vo {umite se ~esta pojava i tie mo`e da se predizvikani od razli~ni pri~initeli. Vo najgolema merka toa se {teti od insekti, rastitelni bolesti ili {teti od {umski po`ari. Ne e zanemarliva i {tetata {to ~ovekot svesno ja nanesuva na {umata, kako {to e slu~ajot so bespravnata se~a koja, za `al, e dosta prisutna vo na{ite {umi. Proceneto e deka vo 2005 godina e napravena {teta predizvikana od insekti na 4920 m3, a istata godina se opo`areni 3093 hektari {uma. Vo delot {teti od rastitelni bolesti e zabele`ano namaluvawe, pa vo 2005 godina se uni{teni 26 m3 {to e za 114 m3 pomalku od 2004 godina. (Videte grafikoni 4.9.1 i 4.9.2) 4.9.1

S 4.9 Forest damages

Forest damages are common phenomenon and they can be caused by various factors. Mosty, they are damages caused by insects, plant diseases or fire damages. One can not neglect the damage that man deliberately causes to the forest, such as the case of the illegal wood-cutting, which is, unfortunately, quite present in our forests. It has been estimated that in 2005, a damage was caused by insects on 4920 m, and in the same year 3093 hectares of forest were burnt down. In the part of damages by plant diseases, a decrease was noted and in 2005, a volume of 26 m was destroyed, which was by 114 m less than in 2004. (See graphs 4.9.1 and 4.9.2)

4.9.2

50

Izvor: Dr`aven zavod za statistika Source: State Statistical Office

5
Voved
Po~vata e sostaven del na `ivotnata sredina zaedno so atmosferata i hidrosferata i pretstavuva najdragocen priroden resurs bez koj `ivotot na ~ove{tvoto, na `ivotinskiot i na rastitelniot svet e nevozmo`en. Po~vata ima brojni ekolo{ki funkcii koi se od su{tinsko zna~ewe za `ivotnata sredina, no i za ekonomijata i napredokot na op{testvoto vo celina. Vlijanijata vrz po~vata koi gi predizvikuvaat ~ovekovite aktivnosti postojano se zgolemuvaat. Toa doveduva do neodr`livo nivo na erozija na po~vata, kako i nejzina hemiska kontaminacija i biolo{ka degradacija. Dopolnitelno, zemjodelskite po~vi so dobar kvalitet se prenamenuvaat so {irewe na urbanizacijata i infrastrukturniot razvoj. Spre~uvaweto na degradacijata na po~vata pretstavuva golem predizvik. Ova se postignuva preku posebni merki na politikata za za{tita i upravuvawe na po~vata, kako i vgraduvawe na pra{awata za za{tita na po~vata vo ostanatite sektorski politiki, odnosno vo zemjodelstvoto, {umarstvoto, upravuvaweto so vodite, transportot i dr.

PO^VA SOIL

Introduction
The soil is constituent part of the environment, together with the atmosphere and the hydrosphere, and it represents most precious natural resource without which the life of the mankind, the fauna and the flora, is impossible. The soil has numerous ecologic functions, which are of essential importance for the environment, but also for the economy and the development of the society as a whole. The influences on soil caused by humans activities continuously increase. This leads to unsustainable level of soil erosion, as well as its chemical contamination and biological degradation. Additionally, the use of agricultural soils of good quality have changed with the spread of urbanisation and infrastructure development. The prevention of soil degradation presents a big challenge. This is achieved by special measures of soil protection and management policy, as well as by including the issues of soil protection in the other sector policies i.e. agriculture, forestry, water management, transport and others.

The tables for each chapter can be seen in the Appendix. Explanations and definitions on some of the terms appearing in this chapter you will find in the Glossary.

Tabelite za sekoe poglavje mo`at da se vidat vo Dodatokot. Objasnuvawa i definicii za nekoi od poimite koi se pojavuvaat vo ova poglavje }e najdete vo Re~nikot.

51

PO^VA SOIL

Povr{ina zafatena so erozija na P 5.1. po~vata, 1992

Indikatorot ja prika`uva povr{inata zafatena so vodna erozija koja e dominantna vo Republika Makedonija. Kartata na erozija na Makedonija e kompletirana vo 1992, no e digitalizirana i publikuvana vo 2002 godina. Podgotvena e spored empiriskiot model na Gavrilovi~, spored koj postojat pet kategorii i 12 subkategorii na intenzitet na erozijata.

P 5.1 Area affected by soil erosion, 1992

The indicator shows the area afflicted by water erosion, which is dominant in the Republic of Macedonia. The erosion map of Macedonia was completed in 1992, but it was digitized and published in 2002. It was prepared according to the empirical model by Gavrilovich, according to whom there are five categories and twelve subcategories of erosion intensity.

5.1 Distribucija na po~venata erozija 5.1 Soil erosion distribution

Spored izve{tajot na Evropskata agencija za `ivotna sredina (Europes Environment the Dobris Assessment, 1995), Makedonija e stavena vo takanare~enata crvena zona na vodna erozija vo Evropa. Kartata na erozija 5.1.1 na Makedonija poka`uva deka 96% od celokupnata povr{ina e zafatena od procesot na erozija. Okolu 36,65% od celokupnata povr{ina na zemjata e zafatena so prvite tri kategorii na erozija. Godi{nata zaguba na po~va pretstavuva godi{no prose~no gubewe na obrabotliviot po~ven sloj vo debelina od 20 mm na povr{ina od 8 500 ha, {to pretstavuva 17 000 000 m3 zaguba na po~va sekoja godina.

According to the report of the European Environment Agency (Europes Environment the Dobris Assessment, 1995), Macedonia is placed in the so-called red zone of water erosion in Europe. The erosion map 5.1.1 of Macedonia shows that 96% of the total area is afflicted by the process of erosion. Approximately 36.65 % of the total area of the country is afflicted by the first three categories of erosion. The annual loss of soil represents annual average loss of cultivable soil layer of 20 mm thickness on an area of 8 500 ha, which represents 17 000 000 m loss of soil every year.

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5.1.1

PO^VA SOIL

Karta na po~venata erozija Erosion map

Izvor: Ministerstvo za `ivotna sredina i prostorno planirawe Source: Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning

53

PO^VA SOIL

R lokaliteti - "`ari{ta", 2005

5.2.Industriski kontaminirani

Indikatorot na kartata 5.2 ja prika`uva mestopolo`bata na kontaminiranite lokaliteti vo Republika Makedonija, napredokot vo nivnoto upravuvawe, kako i ekonomskite aktivnosti koi pridonesuvaat za kontaminacija na po~vata.

R hotspots, 2005

5.2 Identified industrial contaminated sites

The indicator on the map 5.2 shows the location of the contaminated sites in the Republic of Macedonia, the improvement in their management, as well as the economic activities that contribute to the contamination of the soil.

5.2

Izvor: Ministerstvo za `ivotna sredina i prostorno planirawe Source: Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning

54

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5.2.1
Identifikacija na lokalitetot Site identification Preliminarno istra`uvawe Preliminary investigation Glavno istra`uvawe na lokalitetot Main site investigation Implementacija na sanacioni merki Implementation of remediation measures
0
1 2

PO^VA SOIL

16

16

10

15

20

5.2.2
Kontaminacija kako rezultat: Contamination due to localised sources relating to: na rabotata na rudnicite mining operation 43,8%

od industrijata za ko`a the disposal of leather industry waste 6,3% od metalurgijata the disposal of industrial metallurgic industry waste 31,3% od postrojkite za ekstrakcija i rafinirawe na naftata oil extraction and refining 6,3%

od organsko-hemiskata industrija the disposal of organic-chemical industry waste 12,5%

Izvor: Ministerstvo za `ivotna sredina i prostorno planirawe Source: Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning

Vo Republika Makedonija se identifikuvani 16 lokaliteti so kontaminacija na po~vata, karakterizirani kako `ari{ta. Preliminarni istra`uvawa se napraveni kaj 16 lokaliteti, dodeka kaj dva lokaliteta se sprovedeni i glavni istra`uvawa, a na eden lokalitet delumno se sprovedeni sanacioni merki. Kompletirawe na merkite ne e evidentirano kaj niedna od identifikuvanite `ari{ta. (Videte grafikon 5.2.1) Vo odnos na ekonomskite aktivnosti koi pridonesuvaat za kontaminacija na po~vata, izrazena vo procenti, najgolem e udelot na rudarstvoto so 43,8%, potoa sledi metalurgijata so 31,3%, pa organsko-hemiskata industrija so 12,5% i na kraj rafinerijata i industrijata za proizvodstvo na ko`a so 6,3%. (Videte grafikon 5.2.2)

In the Republic of Macedonia, 16 sites with soil contamination have been identified, characterised as hotspots. Preliminary researches were made on 16 sites, main researches were conducted on two sites, and remedial measures were partially conducted on one site. Completion of measures has not been registered at any of the identified hotspots. (See chart 5.2.1) In relation to the economic activities that contribute to the soil contamination, expressed in percentage, the biggest share belongs to mining, 43,8%, then follows the metallurgy with 31,3%, then the organic-chemical industry with 12,5% and, finally, the refinery and the leather industry with 6,3%. (See chart 5.2.2)

55

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Voved
Golem del od procesite i proizvodite {to se povrzuvaat so sovremeniot na~in na `iveewe imaat negativni efekti vrz `ivotnata sredina. Me|u zna~ajnite posledici se i raste~kite tro{oci za tretirawe i deponirawe na prekumernite koli~estva otpad. Pravilnoto upravuvawe so obemnite koli~estva na otpad {to se sozdava od doma}instvata, industrijata i od stopanstvoto e od ogromno zna~ewe za dobrosostojbata na op{testvoto. Vo izminatiov period, lo{ite praktiki na upravuvawe so otpadot dovedoa do degradacija na ekosistemite, kako i do gubewe na dragoceni prirodni resursi i potencijalni zdravstveni rizici.

OTPAD WASTE

Introduction
Big part of the processes and the products that are linked to the modern way of living have negative effects on the living environment. Among the important consequences are also the increasing costs for treating and storing the excessive waste quantities. The proper management of the abundant waste quantities made by the households, the industry and the economy is of great importance for the welfare of the society. During the past period, the bad waste management practices have led to degradation of the ecosystems, as well as to loss of precious natural resources and to potential health risks.

The tables for each chapter can be seen in the Appendix. Tabelite za sekoe poglavje mo`at da se vidat vo Dodatokot. Objasnuvawa i definicii za nekoi od poimite koi se pojavuvaat vo ova poglavje }e najdete vo Re~nikot. Explanations and definitions on some of the terms appearing in this chapter you will find in the Glossary.

57

OTPAD WASTE

P 6.1 Op{tinski deponii za otpad, 2005

Ovoj indikator go poka`uva vkupniot broj na op{tinski deponii za otpad, koli~estvoto deponiran otpad i povr{inata na deponiite vo Republika Makedonija. 6.1.1

P 6.1 Municipal landfills, 2005

This indicator shows the total number of municipal landfills, the quantity of deposited waste and the area of the landfills in the Republic of Macedonia.

6.1.2
Izvor: Ministerstvo za `ivotna sredina i prostorno planirawe Source: Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning

Op{tinski deponii

Broj na deponii/ Number of landfills 13 6 8 7 8 42

Vkupno deponiran otpad (m3)/ Total deposited waste (m3) 132584 190.250 847.000 1.896.200 5.354.200 8.420.234

Vkupna povr{ina (m2)/ Total area (m2) 33100 41.600 127.000 236.000 605.000 1.042.700

Municipal landfill Area 0 - 5,000 (m2) Area 5,000- 10,000 (m2) Area 10,000 - 20,000 (m2) Area 20,000- 50,000 (m2) Area 50,000- 120,000 (m2) Total

Povr{ina 0 - 5,000 (m2) Povr{ina 5,000- 10,000 (m2) Povr{ina 10,000 - 20,000 (m2) Povr{ina 20,000- 50,000 (m )
2

Povr{ina 50,000- 120,000 (m )

2

Vkupno

Izvor: Ministerstvo za `ivotna sredina i prostorno planirawe Source: Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning

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Vo Republika Makedonija samo skopskata deponija "Drisla" ispolnuva minimum kriteriumi od standardite na EU propi{ani vo Direktivata za deponii. Od kartata se gleda deka re~isi sekoja op{tina ima svoja deponija za otpad, odnosno vkupno ima 42 op{tinski deponii, od koi najgolem broj (13) se vo prvata grupa so povr{ina od 0 do 5 000 (m2). Vkupnoto koli~estvo na deponiran otpad, na site deponii, iznesuva 8 420 234 (m3), a vkupnata povr{ina {to ja zafa}aat deponiite iznesuva 1 042 700 (m2). Osobeno e va`no da se naglasi deka ima okolu 1 000 op{tinski "divi" deponii osobeno vo ruralnite oblasti koi ne se opfateni so ovoj pregled. (Videte karta 6.1.1 i tabela 6.1.2)

OTPAD WASTE

In the Republic of Macedonia, only the Skopje landfill Drisla fulfills the minimum criteria prescribed in the EU Directive on landfills. From the map, it can be seen that almost every municipality has its own landfill i.e. there are total 42 municipal landfills from which, most (13) are in the first group with area of 0 5 000 (m). The total quantity of deposited waste, on all landfills, is 8 420 234 (m), and the total area of the landfills is 1 042 700 (m). It is especially important to point out that there are approximately 1 000 unlicensed municipal landfills, especially in the rural areas, which are not included in this survey. (See map 6.1.1 and table 6.1.2)

59

OTPAD WASTE

S 6.2 Recikla`a
Podatocite za proizvedenite koli~ini vo oddelot Recikla`a, kako del od sektorot Prerabotuva~ka industrija, redovno se sledat so mese~nite i godi{nite istra`uvawa od oblasta na industrijata. Izvor na podatocite se izve{tajnite edinici koi se registrirani vo oddelot Recikla`a i koi vr{at obrabotka i prerabotka na ostatoci, otpadoci i drugi proizvodi. Dr`avniot zavod za statistika, podatocite od izve{tajnite edinici pribrani so Mese~niot izve{taj za industrija IND.1, gi obrabotuva i presmetuva vo vid na indeksi vo mese~noto soop{tenie Indeksi na industriskoto proizvodstvo. Pri pribiraweto na podatocite se koristi Nacionalnata klasifikacija na dejnostite i Nacionalnata nomenklatura na industriskite proizvodi. Oddelot Recikla`a opfa}a obrabotka i prerabotka na ostatoci, otpadoci i drugi proizvodi, bez ogled na toa dali bile koristeni ili ne kako sekundarni surovini. Tipi~no e toa {to vlezot (inputot) se sostoi od ostatoci i otpadoci koi bez ogled dali se sortirani ili ne, vo normalni okolnosti ne se pogodni za ponatamo{no direktno koristewe vo industriskiot proces, dodeka, pak, izlezniot proizvod e podgotven za direktna upotreba vo industriskiot prerabotuva~ki proces. 6.2

S 6.2 Recycling

The data on produced quantities in the sector Recycling, as part of the sector Processing industry, is being monitored regularly by the monthly and the annual surveys in the area of industry. Data sources are the reporting units, which are registered in the sector Recycling and which process and treat residues, waste and other products. The State Statistical Office is processing and calculating the data from the reporting units, collected by the Monthly report for industry IND. 1, as indices in the monthly review Industrial production indices. During data collection, the National Classification of Activities and the National Nomenclature of Industrial Production are used. The sector Recycling includes processing and treating of residues, waste and other products, no matter if they are used or not as secondary raw materials. It is typical that the input consists of residues and waste which, regardless of being sorted or not, in normal conditions are not appropriate for further direct use in the industrial process, while the output product is ready for direct use in the industrial processing process.

Izvor: Dr`aven zavod za statistika Source: State Statistical Office

Od grafikonot 6.2 mo`e da se vidi deka vo periodot od 2002 do 2005 godina proizvodstvoto na obnoveni sekundarni surovini od metal zna~itelno se zgolemuva, dodeka, pak, proizvodstvoto na obnoveni sekundarni surovini od nemetali se dvi`i vo ramkite na proizvodstvoto od prethodnite godini.

From the chart 6.2 it can be seen that in the period from 2002 to 2005, the production of renewed secondary raw materials of metal significantly increased, while the production of renewed secondary raw materials of nonmetal was in the frames of the production in the previous years.

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Statistikata na stokovnata razmena na Republika Makedonija se bazira na principot na specijalna trgovija, spored koj vo izvozot se opfa}a seta stoka izvezena vo stranstvo i vo stranskite carinski skladi{ta i komercijalnite slobodni zoni, a koja e od doma{no poteklo, prostoriite za vnatre{no oblagoroduvawe i industriskite slobodni zoni. Vo uvozot se opfa}aat site stoki, bez razlika dali se uvezeni direktno od stranstvo, od carinski tranzit ili od carinski skladi{ta i komercijalni slobodni zoni, a se nameneti za proizvodstvo, investicii ili {iroka potro{uva~ka. Pokraj komercijalniot promet, statistikata gi opfa}a i stokite ~ij{to promet, t.e. izvoz, odnosno uvoz, se vr{i bez pla}awe na protivvrednosta. Vrednosta na stokata za oblagoroduvawe se presmetuva na bruto-osnova, pred i po izvr{enoto oblagoroduvawe. 6.3.1 Uvoz na otpad, 2004 6.3.1 Import of waste, 2004

OTPAD WASTE

S 6.3. Izvoz i uvoz na otpad, po dejnosti S 6.3. Export/Import of waste, by activities

The foreign trade statistics in the Republic of Macedonia is based on the principle of special trade, according to which the export scopes all the goods exported abroad and in the foreign customs warehouses and the commercial free zones, and which are of domestic origin, from the areas for internal processing and from the industrial free zones. The import includes all the goods no matter if they are imported directly from abroad, from customs transit or from customs warehouses and commercial free zones, and they are intended for production, investments or general consumption. Besides the commercial turnover, the statistics scopes also the goods the turonverof which i.e. export or import is done without paying the countervalue. The value of the goods for enrichment is calculated on a gross-basis, before and after the processing is done.

6.3.2 Izvoz na otpad, 2004 6.3.2 Export of waste, 2004

Izvor: Dr`aven zavod za statistika Source: State Statistical Office

61

OTPAD WASTE

Vo uvozot i vo izvozot na otpad vo 2004 godina najgolemo u~estvo ima dejnosta Proizvodstvo na osnovni metali. Vo uvozot u~estvoto na ovaa dejnost iznesuva 93%, dodeka vo izvozot u~estvuva so 58%. Vo izvozot golema zastapenost ima i dejnosta Vadewe na drugi rudi i kamen koja u~estvuva so 31%. (Videte grafikoni 6.3.1 i 6.3.2) 6.3
160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 2000 2001
Vkupno izvoz Total Export

In the import/export of waste, in 2004, the biggest share belongs to the activity Production of basic materials. In import, the share of this activity amounts to 93%, while in export it participates with 58%. In export, big share also belongs to the activity Other mining and quarrying, which participates with 31%. (See graphs 6.3.1 and 6.3.2)

iljadi t

thousands t

Vkupno uvoz Total Import

2002

2003

2004

Izvor: Dr`aven zavod za statistika Source: State Statistical Office

Op{tiot trend na uvozot i na izvozot na otpad od dejnosta Proizvodstvo na osnovni metali e vo porast, so toa {to vo 2001 godina e zabele`an zna~itelen pad vo izvozot, a vo narednite godini prodol`uva da raste. Uvozot na otpad raste od 5 iljadi toni vo 2000 godina do 132 iljadi toni vo 2004 godina. (Videte grafikon 6.3)

The general tendency of import/export of waste in the activity Production of basic materials is increasing, except for 2001 when a significant fall in export was noticed, and in the next years it has continued to increase. Waste import increased from 5 thousand tones in 2000 to 132 thousand tones in 2004. (See chart 6.3)

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Voved
Vodata kako eden od najva`nite mediumi vo `ivotnata sredina i kako osnovna supstancija bez koja nema `ivot, s pove}e e interesna od aspekt na nejziniot kvalitet i kvantitet. Vo ovoj del pove}e }e se zadr`ime na vodata koja se upotrebuva vo industriskite procesi (snabduvawe,koristewe i otpadni vodi). Podatocite za voda, dadeni vo tabelite, se del od istra`uvawata za vodi {to se sproveduvaat vo Dr`avniot zavod za statistika i se podgotvuvaat spored posebna metodologija. Izvor na podatocite se pogolemite delovni subjekti na teritorijata na Republika Makedonija koi za svoite tehnolo{ki procesi koristat voda. Vo istra`uvaweto VOD.1 se vklu~eni okolu 1000 izve{tajni edinici, t.e. delovni subjekti od oblasta na industrijata i rudarstvoto spored Nacionalnata klasifikacija na dejnostite (NKD), i podatocite se pribiraat po pat na statisti~ki pra{alnici. Koli~inite na potro{ena i ispu{tena voda se dadeni vo edinica merka iljadi m3. Podatocite za kvalitetot na vodata se dobieni od Upravata za hidrometeorolo{ki raboti, Hidrobiolo{kiot institut - Ohrid i Republi~kiot zavod za zdravstvena za{tita. Isto taka, koristeni se i podatoci od Vodostopanskata osnova na Republika Makedonija.

VODA WATER

Introduction
Water, being one of the basic media in the environment and a basic substance without which life could not exist, becomes increasingly interesting from the aspect of its quality and quantity. In this part, we are mainly addressing the water used in industrial processes (supply, use and waste water). The data on water, given in tables, is part of the surveys on water conducted by the State Statistical Office and is prepared according to a special methodology. Data sources are major business entities on the territory of the Republic of Macedonia which use water in their technological processes. The survey VOD.1 includes approximately 1000 reporting units i.e. business entities in the area of industry and mining according to the National Classification of Activities (NCA), collected by means of statistical questionnaires. The quantities of used and discharged water are expressed in measurement unit iljadi m. The water quality data is obtained from the Administration of Hydrometeorological Affairs, the Hydrobiological InstituteOhrid and the Republic Institute for Health Protection. Also, data is used from the Water Management Master Plan of the Republic of Macedonia.

The tables for each chapter can be seen in the Appendix. Explanations and definitions on some of the terms appearing in this chapter you will find in the Glossary.

Tabelite za sekoe poglavje mo`at da se vidat vo Dodatokot. Objasnuvawa i definicii za nekoi od poimite koi se pojavuvaat vo ova poglavje }e najdete vo Re~nikot.

63

VODA WATER

S 7.1 Karta na re~ni slivovi

Spored hidrografskata podelba, na teritorijata na Republika Makedonija postojat ~etiri sliva i toa: Vardarski, Crnodrimski, Strumi~ki i slivot na Ju`na Morava.

S 7.1 Map of river basin districts

According to the hydrochartic division, on the territory of the Republic of Macedonia four river watersheds exist: Vardar, Crn Drim, Strumica and Juzhna Morava watersheds.

7.1

Izvor: Ministerstvo za `ivotna sredina i prostorno planirawe Source: Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning

Vardarskiot sliv go opfa}a slivot na rekata Vardar so svoite pritoki na teritorijata na Republika Makedonija do makedonsko-gr~kata dr`avna granica, vklu~uvaj}i go i slivot na Dojranskoto Ezero na teritorijata na Republika Makedonija i opfa}a 80% od vodite vo dr`avata. Crnodrimskiot sliv gi opfa}a slivovite na Prespanskoto i Ohridskoto Ezero i slivot na rekata Crn Drim so svoite pritoki na teritorijata na Republika Makedonija do makedonsko-albanskata dr`avna granica. Strumi~kiot sliv gi opfa}a slivovite na rekite Strumica, Cironska i Lebnica do makedonskobugarskata dr`avna granica. Slivot na Ju`na Morava go opfa}a slivot na Ju`na Morava na teritorijata na Republika Makedonija do makedonsko - srpskata dr`avna granica. (Videte karta 7.1)

The Vardar Watershed includes: the basin of the river Vardar with its tributaries on the territory of the Republic of Macedonia up to the Macedonian-Greek state border, and the basin of Lake Dojran on the territory of the Republic of Macedonia, and covers 80% of the waters in the country. The Crn Drim Watershed includes the basins of Lake Prespa and Lake Ohrid, and the basin of Crn Drim River with its tributaries on the territory of the Republic of Macedonia up to the Macedonian-Albanian state border. The Strumica Watershed includes the basins of Strumica, Cironska and Lebnica rivers up to the Macedonian-Bulgarian state border. The Juzhna Morava Watershed includes the basin of Juzhna Morava River on the territory of the Republic of Macedonia up to the Macedonian-Serbian state border. (See map 7.1)

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S 7.2 Protok na rekite
Protokot na rekite e indikator koj ja prika`uva sostojbata so koli~inata na vodite vo Republika Makedonija, na referentnite i na grani~nite merni to~ki za protok izrazen kako vkupen godi{en protok za daden vremenski period m3/sek.

VODA WATER

S 7.2 Water flow of rivers

The water flow of rivers is an indicator that shows the condition of the water quantity in the Republic of Macedonia, at referent and border flow measurement points presented as total annual flow for a given period of time m/sec.

7.2

Izvor: Uprava za hidrometeorolo{ki raboti Source: Hydrometeorological Directorate

Od prika`aniot grafikon 7.2 mo`e da se zabele`i zgolemena koli~ina na voda, kako na referentnite, taka i na grani~nite merni to~ki za 2004 godina, {to e rezultat na zgolemenata vla`na vozdu{na masa vo toj period.

From the given chart 7.2, we can notice increased water quantity, both on the referent and the border measurement points for 2004, which is a result of an increased air humidity in that period.

65

VODA WATER

na doma}instvata i opremenost S drinking water and equipping the dwellings S piewe with instalations for drinking water supply, na stanovite so instalacii za 7.3. Na~in na snabduvawe so voda za snabduvawe so voda za piewe, 2002 2002
Supplying the population with drinking water is an Obezbeduvaweto na naselenieto so kvalitetna important priority for every country. Hence, with the voda za piewe e va`en prioritet na sekoja dr`ava. Census of population, households and dwellings, as a Ottuka, so Popisot na naselenieto, doma}instvata statistical survey which scopes the whole population, i stanovite, kako statisti~ko istra`uvawe koe ja data on the way in which the households are supplied opfa}a celata populacija, redovno se sobiraat with drinking water, i podatoci za as well as on the na~inot na koj 7.3.1 Na~in na snabduvawe na doma}instvata so voda za piewe, 2002 equipment of the doma}instvata se 7.3.1 Way of supplying households with drinking water, 2002 dwelling units snabduvaat so voda Javen vodovod, vo stanot with appropriate za piewe, kako i Public water pipeline, in the dwelling instalations for za opremenosta na 86,7% Javen vodovod, nadvor od stanot d r i n k i n g w a t er stanbenite edinici Public water pipeline, out of the dwelling supply are collected so soodvetni 2,2% regularly. instalacii za snabduvawe so voda Drugi na~ini (nadvor od stanot) za piewe.
Other ways (out of the dwelling) 2,7% Bunar Well 3,5% Sopstven hidrofor, vo stanot Private air compressed water tank in the dwelling 4,9%

7.3 Way of supplying the households with

7.3.2 Opremenost na stanovite so instalacii za snabduvawe so voda za piewe, 2002 7.3.2 Dwellings according to drinking water supply installations facilities, 2002
Javen vodovod Public water pipeline 85,6%

66

Iako podatokot deka 88,9% od vkupniot broj na individualni doma}instva se snabduvaat Dr`aven zavod za statistika so voda za Izvor: Source: State Statistical Office piewe od javen vodovod pretstavuva statisti~ki visok pokazatel, samiot fakt deka na po~etokot na 21 milenium, vo srceto na Evropa, s u{te del od doma}instvata pijat voda koja nitu biolo{ki nitu hemiski ne e proverena, pretstavuva pokazatel koj treba da zagri`uva. Nitu faktot deka pogolemiot broj od doma}instvata koi so voda za piewe ne se snabduvaat od javen vodovod se koncentrirani prete`no vo retko naseleni ruralni naselbi, ne mo`e da bide opravduvawe za nedovolnata gri`a na dr`avata, vo sekoj stan, do sekoe doma}instvo da se donese kvalitetna voda za piewe. (Videte grafikoni 7.3.1 i 7.3.2)

Even though the data that Hidrofor i drugo 88.9% of the Air compressed water tank and other total number 7,0% of individual Bez instalacii households No instalations are supplied 7,4% with drinking water from public water pipeline represent statistically high indicator, the mere fact that at the beginning of the 21 century, in the heart of Europe, still a part of the households drink water which is neither biologically nor chemically examined, represents a worrying indicator. Neither the fact that the bigger number of the households that are not supplied with drinking water from a public water pipeline are concentrated mostly in low populated rural settlements can not be an excuse for the insufficient care of the country, in every dwelling, in every household to bring quality drinking water. (See charts 7.3.1 and 7.3.2)

7
S za isfrlawe na otpadnite vodi, 2002
7.4 Opremenost na stanovite so instalacii
Za~uvuvaweto na `ivotnata sredina, pokraj drugoto, vo golema merka zavisi i od vnimanieto koe se posvetuva na otpadnite vodi od doma}instvata. So Popisot na naselenieto, doma}instvata i stanovite, 2002 godina, pribrani se podatoci i za opremenosta na stanovite so instalacii za otpadnite vodi.

VODA WATER

S discharge 2002

7.4 Dwellings according to waste water installations facilities,

Keeping the living environment, among other things, largely depends on the attention dedicated to the effluent waters from the housleholds. With the Census of population, households and dwellings, 2002, data on the equipment of dwellings with instalations for waste waters are collected as well.

7.4
Javna kanalizacija Public sewage 59,9%

Bez instalacii No instalations 7,4% Sloboden istek Free waste water pipeline 12,2%

Septi~ka jama Septic tank 20,6%

Izvor: Dr`aven zavod za statistika Source: State Statistical Office

Podatokot deka duri 40,1% od vkupniot broj na stanovi ne se opremeni so instalacii koi otpadnite vodi od doma}instvoto gi sproveduvaat vo javna kanalizacija, poka`uva deka vo Republika Makedonija malku se vodi smetka za za{tita na `ivotnata sredina od otpadnite vodi od doma}instvata. Ako pritoa se dodade i faktot deka pogolem del od izgradenata kanalizaciona mre`a ne vodi do sovremeni kolektorski sistemi, sostojbata treba seriozno da n zagri`i, osobeno nadle`nite institucii i edinicite na lokalnata samouprava. (Videte grafikon 7.4)

The data that as many as 40.1% of the total number of dwellings are not equipped with instalations which conduct the waste waters from the households to public sewage show that little care for the protection of the living envioronment from the waste waters from households is taken in the Republic of Macedonia. If we also add the fact that bigger part of the constructed sewage network does not lead to modern system of drains, the situation should seriously worry us, especially the competent institutions and the local self-government units. (See chart 7.4)

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VODA WATER

S 7.5 Kvalitet na vodata za piewe

Indikatorot go poka`uva procentot na ispravni i neispravni pregledani mostri na voda za piewe vo gradskite naselbi. 7.5
100%

S 7.5 Drinking water quality

The indicator shows the percentage of examined safe and unsafe drinking water samples in urban settlements.

80%

60%

40%

20%

0% Ispravni Proper

2002

2003

2004

2005
Mikrobiolo{ki neispravni Microbiologicalyl improper

Fizi~ko-hemiski neispravni Physically and chemically improper

Izvor: Republi~ki zavod za zdravstvena za{tita Source: Republic Institute for Health Protection

Od grafikonot 7.5 se zabele`uva deka procentot na ispravni probi vo site godini e nad 90% (91,5% - 93,6%) {to poka`uva deka sanitarno-higienskata sostojba na vodata za piewe e vo granicite na o~ekuvanoto. Procentot na neispravni mostri, spored fizi~ko - hemiskata analiza, se dvi`i od 5,3 % do 7,5 %, a procentot na neispravni mostri, spored mikrobiolo{kata analiza, se dvi`i od 0,8% do 1,5%.

From the chart 7.5 we can see that the percentage of safe samples in all years is over 90% (91.5% - 93.6%) which shows that the sanitary-hygienic condition of the drinking water is within the limits of the expected quality. The percentage of improper samples, according to the physical-chemical analysis, ranges from 5.3% to 7.5%, and the percentage of improper samples, according to the microbiological analysis, ranges from 0.8% to 1.5%.

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Indikatorot go poka`uva procentot na pregledani mostri koi ne odgovaraat na klasata koja e propi{ana so Uredbata za kategorizacija na vodite za fizi~ko - hemiskite parametri.

VODA WATER

Bathing water quality - Lakes in the Kvalitet na vodata za kapewe - ezera S 7.6. S 7.6 Republic of Macedonia vo Republika Makedonija
The indicator shows the percentage of examined samples that do not match the class proscribed in the Regulation on categorisation of water for physical-chemical parameters.

7.6
50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%

Fizi~ko-hemiski neispravni Physically and chemically improper

Mikrobiolo{ki neispravni Microbiologically improper

1997

1999

2000

2004

2005

Izvor: Republi~ki zavod za zdravstvena za{tita Source: Republic Institute for Health Protection

Od grafikonot 7.6 se zabele`uva deka procentot na probi so nesoodveten kvalitet e s u{te visok (osobeno za fizi~ko-hemiskite parametri). Procentot na probi od ezerata za mikrobiolo{ki parametri koi se so nesoodveten kvalitet se dvi`i maksimum do 10% {to go zadovoluva nivoto na tolerancija za kvalitet na vodata. Vodata vo najgolemoto prirodno ezero - Ohridskoto, se podobruva kako rezultat na izgradbata na soodveten sistem za otpadni vodi vo regionot. No, s u{te ima delovi kade {to rekite {to se vlevaat vo ezeroto pridonesuvaat za pojava na nesoodveten kvalitet na vodata.

From the chart 7.6 we can notice that the percentage of samples of inappropriate quality is still high (this especially counts for the physical-chemical parameters). The percentage of samples from the lakes for examination of microbilogical parameters which are of inappropriate quality ranges to maximum 10%, which satisfies the tolerance level of water quality. The water in the biggest natural lake Lake Ohrid is improving as a result of the construction of an appropriate waste water system in the region. But, still there are parts where the rivers flowing into the lake contribute to the appearance of inappropriate water quality.

69

VODA WATER

S 7.7 Koncentracii na BPK vo rekite

5

Klu~en indikator za statusot na oksigenizacija na vodnite tela e biohemiskata potro{uva~ka na kislorod (BPK) {to pretstavuva potro{uva~ka na kislorod kako rezultat od organizmite vo vodata koi ja tro{at organskata materija {to mo`e da se oksigenizira. Godi{nata prose~na koncentracija na BPK po 5 ili 7-dnevna inkubacija (BPK5/BPK7) se izrazuva vo mg O2/l.

S 7.7 BOD concentrations in rivers

5

The key indicator for the status of oxygenation of the water bodies is the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), which represents oxygen demand as a result of the organisms in the water that consume the organic substance which can be oxygenated. The average annual concentration of BOD within 5 or 7-day incubation (BOD5/BOD7) is expressed in mg O2/l.

7.7

Izvor: Uprava za hidrometeorolo{ki raboti Source: Hydrometeorological Directorate

Od grafikonot 7.7 mo`e da se zabele`at visoki koncentracii na BPK5 na odredeni merni to~ki na r. Vardar i na Crna Reka koi za periodot od 1999 do 2002 godina odgovaraat na kvalitet na voda od 3 i 4 klasa. Vo istiot period se evidentirani poniski koncentracii za r. Bregalnica koi se vo soglasnost so vrednostite za kategorizacija na ovaa reka.

From the chart 7.7 we can notice high concentrations of BOD5 at certain measurement points on Vardar and Crna Reka rivers, which for the period 1999-2002 match 3rd and 4th class water quality. In the same period, lower concentrations were registered for the river Bregalnica which are in accordance with the values for categorisation of this river.

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Ovoj indikator ja prika`uva vkupnata koncentracija na amonijak, izrazena na godi{no nivo za trite reki, vo mg na litar N/l.

VODA WATER

Koncentracii na totalen amonium S 7.8 S 7.8 Total ammonium in rivers vo rekite

This indicator shows the total ammonium concentration, expressed in annual level for the three rivers, in mg per litre N/l.

7.8
3,5 3 2,5 2 1,5 1 0,5 0
1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

mg/lN
Crna Reka Crna Reka
Bregalnica Bregalnica

Vardar Vardar

Izvor: Uprava za hidrometeorolo{ki raboti Source: Hydrometeorological Directorate

Od grafikonot 7.8 mo`e da se zabele`at visoki koncentracii na BPK5 na odredeni merni to~ki na r. Vardar i Crna Reka, za periodot od 1999 do 2002 godina, koi odgovaraat na kvalitet na voda od 3 do 5 klasa. Vo istiot period se evidentirani poniski koncentracii za r. Bregalnica.

From the chart 7.8 we can notice high concentrations of BOD5 at certain measurement points on the river Vardar and the river Crna Reka, for the period from 1999 to 2002, which match the water quality of between 3rd and 5th class. In the same period lower concentrations for the river Bregalnica were registered.

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VODA WATER

S 7.9 Nitrati vo rekite

Indikatorot gi poka`uva koncentraciite na nitrati vo trite analizirani reki i gi sledi tekovnite koncentracii na nutrientite vo odreden vremenski period, izrazen kako vkupna godi{na koncentracija vo mg nitrat na litar (NO3)/l.

S 7.9 Nitrates in rivers

The indicator shows the conscentrations of nitrates in the three analysed rivers and monitors the current concentrations of nutrients in a given time period, expressed as a total annual concentration in mg nitrate per litre (NO3)/l.

7.9
3,5 3 2,5 2 1,5 1 0,5 0
1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

mg/lN
Bregalnica Bregalnica

Vardar Vardar
Crna Reka Crna Reka

Izvor: Uprava za hidrometeorolo{ki raboti Source: Hydrometeorological Directorate

Od grafikonot 7.9 mo`e da se zabele`at koncentracii na nitrati na mernite to~ki na site tri reki vo soglasnost so Uredbata za kategorizacija na vodite vo Republika Makedonija.

From the chart 7.9 we can notice nitrate concentrations at the measurement points on all three rivers according to the Regulation on categorisation of waters in the Republic of Macedonia.

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S 7.10 Nitriti vo rekite
Indikatorot gi poka`uva koncentraciite na nitriti vo trite analizirani reki i gi sledi tekovnite koncentracii na nutrientite vo odreden vremenski period, izrazen kako vkupna godi{na koncentracija vo mg nitrit na litar (NO2)/l.

VODA WATER

S 7.10 Nitrites in rivers

The indicator shows the concentrations of nitrite in the three analysed rivers and monitors the current nutrients concentrations in a given time period, expressed as a total annual concentration in mg nitrite per litre (NO2)/l.

7.10
1,2 1 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2 0
1988

mg/lN

Bregalnica Bregalnica

Crna Reka Crna Reka

Vardar Vardar

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Izvor: Uprava za hidrometeorolo{ki raboti Source: Hydrometeorological Directorate

Od grafikonot 7.10 mo`e da se zabele`at visoki koncentracii na nitriti na mernite to~ki na r. Vardar koi zna~itelno se namaleni od 1999 godina i koi odgovaraat na kvalitetot na vodata vo soglasnost so Uredbata za kategorizacija na vodite vo Republika Makedonija. Na rekite Bregalnica i Crna Reka koncentraciite se zna~itelno pomali i imaat trend na opa|awe, a se vo soglasnost i so odredbite od Uredbata.

From the chart 7.10 we can notice high nitrites concentrations at the measurement points of the river Vardar which have significantly decreased since 1999 and which match the water quality according to the Regulation on categorisation of waters in the Republic of Macedonia. In the rivers Bregalnica and Crna Reka the concentrations are significantly smaller and have a falling tendency, and are also in accordance with the provisions of the Regulation.

73

VODA WATER

S 7.11 Ortofosfati vo rekite

Indikatorot gi poka`uva koncentraciite na ortofosfati vo trite analizirani reki i gi sledi tekovnite koncentracii na ortofosfatite vo odreden vremenski period, izrazen kako vkupna godi{na koncentracija na mg na litar ortofosfat P/l. 7.11
2 1,5 1 0,5 0

S 7.11 Orthophosphates in rivers

The indicator shows the orthophosphates concentrations in the three analysed rivers and it monitors the current orthophosphates concentrations in a given time period, expressed as a total annual concentration in mg per litre orthophosphate P/l.

mg/lP

Vardar Vardar
Crna Reka Crna Reka
Bregalnica Bregalnica

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Izvor: Uprava za hidrometeorolo{ki raboti Source: Hydrometeorological Directorate

Od grafikonot 7.11 mo`e da se zabele`at visoki koncentracii na ortofosfati na mernite to~ki na r. Vardar koi vo periodot od 2001 do 2004 godina se zna~itelno namaleni i koi odgovaraat na kvalitetot na vodata vo soglasnost so Uredbata za kategorizacija na vodite vo Republika Makedonija. Koncentraciite na ortofosfati na r. Bregalnica i na Crna Reka, vo istiot period, bele`at minimalen trend na poka~uvawe.

From the chart 7.11 we can see high orthophosphates concentrations at the measurement points on the river Vardar, which in the period from 2001 to 2004, significantly decreased and match the water quality according to the Regulation on categorisation of waters in the Republic of Macedonia. The orthophosphates concentrations in the rivers Bregalnica and Crna Reka, in the same period, show minimum increasing tendency.

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Snabduvaweto so voda vo industrijata i vo rudarstvoto gi opfa}a site koli~estva vodi {to se neposredno zafateni i obezbedeni od strana na delovnite subjekti, bez ogled dali se za sopstveni potrebi ili se otstapeni ili prodadeni na drugi korisnici. Koli~estvata na vodite se utvrduvaat so merewa so vodomer ili se procenuvaat spored normativite za opredelenata dejnost (vrz baza na rabotnoto vreme i kapacitetot na crpnite postrojki). 7.12

VODA WATER

Snabduvawe so voda vo industrijata Water supply in industry and mining, S 7.12 S 7.12 i vo rudarstvoto, 2005 2005
Water supply in industry and mining includes all water quantities intaken and supplied by the businesses no matter if they are for own needs or transfered or sold to other users. The water quantities are determined by measuring with water meter or assessed according to the norms for the specified activity (on the basis of the working time and the capacities of the pumping facilities).

Izvor: Dr`aven zavod za statistika Source: State Statistical Office

Spored statisti~kite podatoci, koli~inite na voda za potrebite na industrijata i rudarstvoto vo najgolem del se obezbeduvaat od povr{inski vodi (vodoteci, akumulacii, ezera). Vo 2005 godina, na povr{inski vodi otpa|aat okolu 69 % od vkupno zafatenite vodi za snabduvawe na industrijata i rudarstvoto, a ostanatiot del otpa|a na javen vodovod, izvorski vodi i podzemni vodi. (Videte grafikon 7.12)

According to the statistical data, the water quantities for the needs of the industry and the mining mostly are provided by surface waters (water courses, reservoirs, lakes). In 2005, to surface waters belong approximately 69% of the total intaken waters for supplying the industry and the mining, and the rest belong to public sewage, springs and ground waters. (See chart 7.12)

75

VODA WATER

Koristeni S 7.13 nameni

vodi za tehnolo{ki

S 7. 13 Waters used for production purposes

Koristenite vodi za tehnolo{ki nameni pretstavuvaat iskoristeni koli~ini voda upotrebeni ili potro{eni vo tehnolo{ki procesi (proizvodstvo, ladewe). 7.13
2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1 10 3 iljadi m
Sve`i vodi Fresh water
Izvor: Dr`aven zavod za statistika Source: State Statistical Office

The waters used for production purposes represent used or consumed water quantities in production purposes (production, cooling).

100

1 000

10 000

100 000

1 000 000 10 000 000

thousands m3

Reciklirani vodi Recycled water

Povtorno upotrebeni vodi Water used repeatedly

Vo periodot 2000-2005 godina, za tehnolo{ki nameni najmnogu se koristeni sve`i tehni~ki vodi (okolu 99%). Vo 2005 godina, od vkupno 1622 mil. m3 koristena sve`a voda vo idustrijata i rudarstvoto, 1610 mil. m3 se tehni~ki vodi, a 12 mil. m3 e sve`a voda za piewe. (Videte grafikon 7.13)

In the period 2000-2005, for production purposes, fresh water for technical purposes (approximately 99%) was mostly used. In 2005, from total 1622 mil. m3 of used fresh water in industry and mining, 1610 mil. m3 were industrial water and 12 mil. m3 - fresh drinking water. (See chart 7.13)

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7.14 Ispu{tawe na nepre~isteni
Ispu{taweto na otpadnite vodi od industrijata i rudarstvoto (na koi po upotrebata ne e izvr{en nikakov tretman) se vr{i vo odreden recipient. Kako recipienti na otpadnite vodi se pojavuvaat: po~vata, kanalizacijata, vodotecite, akumulaciite i ezerata.

VODA WATER

vodi od industrijata i S from industry and mining by recipient, 2005 S otpadni rudarstvoto spored recipientot, 2005

7. 14 Discharging of untreated waste waters

The discharging of waste waters from industry and mining (which after their use have not been treated at all) is done in determined recepient. As waste water recepients appear: the soil, the sewage, the water courses, the reservoirs and the lakes.

7.14
Vo akumulacii Reservoirs 62,9%

Vo zemja Ground 1,8% Vo javna kanalizacija Public sewage system 1,9% Vo vodoteci Water courses 33,4%
Izvor: Dr`aven zavod za statistika Source: State Statistical Office

Vo 2005 godina, od vkupno ispu{tenite nepre~isteni otpadni vodi od industrijata i rudarstvoto, 62.9% se ispu{teni vo akumulacii, 33.4% vo vodoteci, a ostanatite vo javna kanalizacija i vo po~vata. Vo 2005 godina, vo ezerata nema ispu{tawe na nepre~isteni otpadni vodi od industrijata i rudarstvoto. (Videte grafikon 7.14)

In 2005, from the total discharged untreated waste waters from industry and mining, 62.9% were discharged in reservoirs, 33.4% in water courses, and the rest in public sewage and the soil. In 2005, in the lakes there was no disharging of untreated waste waters from industry and mining. (See chart 7.14)

77

VODA WATER

od industrijata i rudarstvoto S from industry and mining by recipient, S vodi 2005 spored recipientot, 2005 7.15 Ispu{tawe na pre~isteni otpadni
Ovoj indikator ja otslikuva sostojbata so ispu{taweto na otpadnite vodi na koi, po upotrebata, e izvr{en tretman za pre~istuvawe. Tie se pre~isteni na odreden na~in (mehani~ki, hemiski, biolo{ki ili kombinirano) i kako takvi se ispu{taat vo nekoj recipient. Vo Republika Makedonija od vkupnata koli~ina na pre~istuvaat. samo okolu 3-4% otpadni vodi se This indicator reflects the condition of the discharging of waste waters, which after the use have undergone purifying treatment. They are purified in a certain manner (mechanical, chemical, biological or combined) and as such are discharged in some recipient. In the Republic of Macedonia only approximately 3-4% of the total waste waters quantity are treated.

7.15 Discharging of treated waste waters

Od vkupno 16.734.000 m3 pre~isteni otpadni vodi vo 2005, okolu 64% se od elektrostopanstvoto, 31% od prerabotuva~kata industrija i 5% od rudarstvoto.

From total 16.734.000 m3 of treated waste waters, in 2005, approximately 64% originated from power generation, 31% from processing industry and 5% from mining.

7.15
Vo akumulacii In reservoirs 63,6%

Vo zemja In ground 2,4% Vo javna kanalizacija In public sewege system 5,3% Vo vodoteci In water courses 28,7%

Izvor: Dr`aven zavod za statistika Source: State Statistical Office

Kako glaven recipient na pre~istenite otpadni vodi se akumulaciite. Vo 2005 godina, okolu 63.6% od vkupnite koli~ini otpadni vodi se ispu{teni vo akumulacii, 28.7% vo vodoteci, 5.3% vo kanalizacija i 2.4% vo zemja. Zna~ajno e da se istakne deka pre~istuvaweto na otpadnite vodi e vo golema zavisnost od tehni~kata ispravnost na postrojkite za taa namena, a izgradbata na novi postrojki nema nekoja pozna~ajna tendencija na porast {to, sekako, uka`uva deka e neophodno da se vlo`at pogolemi napori za podobruvawe na sostojbata vo ovaa sfera. (Videte grafikon 7.15)

The reservoirs are the main recipient of the treated waste waters. In 2005, approximately 63.6% of the total waste water quantities were discharged in reservoirs, 28.7% in water courses, 5.3% in sewage and 2.4% in ground. It is important to point out that the purification of waste waters greatly depends on the technical properness of the facilities for that purpose, and the construction of new facilities does not have certain important growth tendency which, of course, shows that it is necessary to make bigger efforts for improving the condition in this sphere. (See chart 7.15)

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Otpadnite vodi od industrijata i rudarstvoto se javuvaat po nivnata upotreba vo tehnolo{kite procesi za proizvodstvo, sistemi za ladewe, od sanitarnite jazli ili od drug izvor. Ovoj indikator ja poka`uva strukturata na otpadnite vodi od industrijata i rudarstvoto spored namenata.

VODA WATER

Waste waters in industry and mining Otpadni vodi vo industrijata i S 7.16 S 7.16 by the purpose, 2005 rudarstvoto spored namenata, 2005
The waste waters from industry and mining appear after its use in the technological production processes, the cooling system, from the sanitary facilities or from other source. This indicator shows the structure of the waste waters from industry and mining by the purpose.

7.16
Proizvodstvo Production 84,5%

Drugi vodi Other 1,1% Sanitarni vodi Sanitation 5,4% Vodi za ladewe Cooling water 9,1%

Izvor: Dr`aven zavod za statistika Source: State Statistical Office

Najgolemi koli~ini na otpadni vodi vo 2005 godina se sozdadeni pri procesot na proizvodstvo (84,5%), od ladewe 9,1% i okolu 5,4% se od sanitarni vodi. Zna~ajno e da se istakne deka vodite upotrebeni za ladewe, po upotrebata, naj~esto se ispu{taat bez prethodno razladuvawe so {to vr{at termi~ko zagaduvawe na recipientot. (Videte grafikon 7.16)

The biggest quantities of waste water in 2005 is generated during the production process (84.5%), from cooling 9.1% and approximately 5.4% from sanitation water. It is important to point out that the cooling waters, after the use, are usually discharged without previous cooling by which they make thermal pollution of the recipient. (See chart 7.16)

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Voved
Del od aktivnostite na ~ovekovoto `iveewe, kako {to se sogoruvaweto na fosilnite goriva, ispu{taweto na zagaduva~ki supstancii, stakleni~kite gasovi i drugi supstancii, direktno ili indirektno vlijaat vrz kvalitetot na vozduhot i klimatskite promeni. S pointenzivno e zagaduvaweto na vozduhot i kako rezultat na intenzivniot razvoj na soobra}ajot, nepotpolnoto sogoruvawe na otpadot, industrijata, brzata urbanizacija, nedovolnata gri`a za za~uvuvawe na `ivotnata sredina itn. Zagaduva~kite supstancii ispu{teni vo vozduhot mo`at da poteknuvaat i od prirodni izvori kakvi {to se vulkanskite erupcii, {umskite po`ari, hemiskite reakcii, biolo{kite izvori itn. Sekoja godina milioni toni sulfur dioksid, azotni oksidi, jagleroden monoksid, prav i gasovi koi predizvikuvaat efekt na staklena gradina i ja osiroma{uvaat ozonskata obvivka, se ispu{taat vo prizemniot sloj na vozduhot i atmosferata i se poznati kako primarni zagaduva~i na vozduhot. Zagadeniot atmosferski vozduh predizvikuva {tetni posledici po ~ovekovoto zdravje i drugite `ivi organizmi, kako i po nivnata `ivotna sredina, a nanesuva {teta i na ekonomijata na `iveeweto na ~ovekot. Zatoa e potrebno da se podgotvuvaat planovi i programi za prezemawe na merki za za{tita.

VOZDUH I KLIMATSKI PROMENI AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGES

Introduction
The activities of human living, such as the fossil fuels combustion, emission of pollutants, greenhouse gases and other substances, directly or indirectly affect the air quality and the climate change. The air polluting is increasingly intensified as a result of the rapid development of traffic, the incomplete waste combustion, the industry, the fast urbanisation, the insufficient care for preserving the environment etc; the pollutants emitted in the air can originate also from natural sources such as volcano eruptions, forest fires, chemical reactions, biological sources etc. Every year million tones of SO2, NOx, CO, dust and gases that cause the effect of greenhouse and deplete the ozone layer are emitted in the ground layer of air and the atmosphere, and they are known as primary air pollutants. The polluted atmosphere air causes harmful consequences to human's health and other living organisms, as well as their environment, and it also causes damage to man's economy of living. Therefore, it is necessary to prepare plans and programmes for taking protection measures.

The tables for each chapter can be seen in the Appendix. Explanations and definitions on some of the terms appearing in this chapter you will find in the Glossary.

Tabelite za sekoe poglavje mo`at da se vidat vo Dodatokot. Objasnuvawa i definicii za nekoi od poimite koi se pojavuvaat vo ova poglavje }e najdete vo Re~nikot.

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VOZDUH I KLIMATSKI PROMENI AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGES

Vkupna emisija na supstancii {to P 8.1 predizvikuvaat kiselost

Indikatorot ja poka`uva vkupnata emisija na supstancii {to predizvikuvaat kiselost, po zagaduva~ka supstancija.

P 8.1 Total emission of acidifying substances

The indicator shows the total emission of substances causing acidification by acidifying substance.

8.1
160 000 140 000 120 000 100 000 80 000 60 000 40 000 20 000 0 2002 NOx CO
t/godina t/year

SO2

TSP 2003 2004 2005

Izvor: Ministerstvo za `ivotna sredina i prostorno planirawe Source: Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning

Vo Republika Makedonija se zabele`uva blag trend na opa|awe na emisiite na supstanciite (SO2, NOx i TSP) {to predizvikuvaat zakiseluvawe, osobeno na SO2 (pad za okolu 20%), no ova se dol`i glavno na namaleniot broj na delovnite subjekti (proizvodni procesi vo metalurgijata) koi pretstavuvaa izvori na zagaduvawe, a ne na posebni merki i programi za namaluvawe na emisiite na ovie zagaduva~ki supstancii vo vozduhot. Trend na poka~uvawe se zabele`uva samo na emisiite na CO. (Videte grafikon 8.1)

In the Republic of Macedonia, a slight falling trend of acidifying substances (SO2, NOx and TSP), especially of SO2 (approximately 20% decrease) has been recorded, but this was mainly due to the decreased number of business entities (production processes in metallurgy) which were sources of pollution, and not due to special measures and programmes for reduction of emissions of these pollutants in the air. Increasing trend has been noted only in the emissions of CO. (See chart 8.1)

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kiselost, po sektori P predizvikuvaat od Nomenklaturata SNAP
Indikatorot ja poka`uva vkupnata emisija na supstancii {to predizvikuvaat kiselost, dadena spored sektorite od Nomenklaturata SNAP.

VOZDUH I KLIMATSKI PROMENI AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGES

8.2 Vkupna emisija na supstancii {to

8.2 Total emission of acidifying substances, by sectors from the SNAP Nomenclature

The indicator shows the total emission of substances causing acidification by sectors.

8.2

Izvor: Ministerstvo za `ivotna sredina i prostorno planirawe Source: Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning

Od grafikonot 8.2 se zabele`uva deka najgolema emisija na supstancii {to predizvikuvaat kiselost e zabele`ana vo sektorot sogoruva~ki procesi i toa od 46,5% do 63%, emisiite od proizvodstvenite procesi se dvi`at od 14% do 31,5%, a za transportot se dvi`at vo granicite od 20,9% do 24,4%.

From the chart 8.2, one can notice that the biggest emission of acidifying substances is found in the sector of Combustion processes, ranging from 46,5% to 63%. The emissions from production processes range from 14% to 31,5 %, and in transport they range within the limits from 20,9% to 24,4%.

83

VOZDUH I KLIMATSKI PROMENI AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGES

P 8.3 Vkupna emisija na SO , po sektori

2

Indikatorot poka`uva trend na vkupna emitirana koli~ina na sulfur dioksid vo Republika Makedonija od pove}e izvori i za pove}e godini.

P 8.3 Total emission of SO by sectors

2

The indicator shows a tendency of total emitted quantity of sulphur dioxide in the Republic of Macedonia from several sources and for several years.

8.3

Izvor: Ministerstvo za `ivotna sredina i prostorno planirawe Source: Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning

Od podatocite vo grafikonot 8.3 o~igledno e deka postoi generalen trend na namaluvawe na emisiite na SO2. Namaluvaweto e rezultat na zatvoraweto na odredeni proizvodni, industriski i metalur{ki kapaciteti i nivnite proizvodni procesi. Od grafikonot se gleda deka sogoruva~kite procesi so najgolem procent u~estvuvaat vo emisiite na SO2 {to e rezultat na sogoruvaweto na niskokvaliteten i niskokalori~en lignit, kako i te~no gorivo koe sodr`i sulfur.

Analysing the data from the chart 8.3 generally one can see that there is a falling trend in the emissions of SO2. The decrease is a result of closing down some of the production, industrial and metallurgical facilities and their production processes. The chart shows that the combustion processes participate with biggest percentage in the emissions of SO2, and we can say that it is a result of combustion of low-quality and low-calorie lignite, as well as of liquid fuel that contains sulphur.

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P 8.4 Vkupna emisija na NOx, po sektori
Indikatorot poka`uva trend na vkupna emitirana koli~ina na azotni oksidi vo Republika Makedonija od identifikuvanite izvori, za pove}e godini.

VOZDUH I KLIMATSKI PROMENI AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGES

P 8.4 Total emission of NOx by sectors

The indicator shows a trend of total emitted quantity of nitrogen oxides in the Republic of Macedonia from identified sources for several years.

8.4

Izvor: Ministerstvo za `ivotna sredina i prostorno planirawe Source: Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning

Od podatocite vo grafikonot 8.4 e o~igledno deka postoi generalen trend na namaluvawe na emisiite na azotnite oksidi od 2002 do 2005 godina. I vo ovoj slu~aj, namaluvaweto ne e rezultat na izgotveni planovi i programi za redukcija na emisiite, tuku namaluvaweto e rezultat na ~estata promena na kvalitetot na gorivata i sogoruvaweto vo vozilata. Najgolem procent na azotni oksidi se dobiva od sogoruvaweto na niskokvaliteten i niskokalori~en lignit (sogoruva~ki procesi) i od sogoruvaweto na gorivata vo vozilata, odnosno transportot.

Analysing the data from the chart 8.4, one can see that there was a general falling trend in the emissions of nitrogen oxides in the period from 2002 to 2005. In this case, too, the decrease is not a result of prepared plans and programmes for reduction of emissions, but the decrease is in that we have a frequent change in the quality of fuels and the combustion in the vehicles. The biggest percentage of nitrogen oxides is received by combustion of low-quality and low-calorie lignite (combustion processes) and by the combustion of fuels in vehicles i.e. transport.

85

VOZDUH I KLIMATSKI PROMENI AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGES

P 8.5 Vkupna emisija na CO, po sektori

Indikatorot go poka`uva trendot na vkupnata emitirana koli~ina na jaglerod monoksid vo Republika Makedonija, od pove}e izvori i vo pove}e godini. 8.5

P 8.5 Total emission of CO by sectors

The indicator shows a tendency of total quantity of carbon monoxide emitted from several sources and for several years in the Republic of Macedonia.

Izvor: Ministerstvo za `ivotna sredina i prostorno planirawe Source: Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning

Od podatocite vo grafikonot 8.5 se gleda deka postoi trend na zgolemuvawe na emisiite na jaglerod monoksid od 2002 godina do 2005 godina. Zgolemuvaweto na emitiranata koli~ina na CO e vo sektorite Sogoruva~ki procesi i Transport. Ova se dol`i na niskiot kvalitet i nepravilnoto sogoruvawe na gorivata koi se upotrebuvaat vo ovie sektori, kako i starosnata struktura na vozniot park vo dr`avata. Imeno, nad 40% od vkupniot broj na vozila e so starost nad 20 godini.

Analysing the data from the chart 8.5, we can see that there was an increasing trend of carbon monoxide emissions from 2002 to 2005. The increase of emitted CO quantity is in the sectors - Combustion processes and Transport. This is due to the low quality and improper combustion of fuels used in these sectors, as well as to the age structure of the motor fleet in the country. Namely over 40 % of the total number of vehicles is over 20 years old.

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P 8.6 Vkupna emisija na TSP, po sektori
Indikatorot go poka`uva trendot na vkupnata emitirana koli~ina na totalni suspendirani ~esti~ki/prav (TSP) vo Republika Makedonija, od pove}e izvori i vo pove}e godini.

VOZDUH I KLIMATSKI PROMENI AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGES

P 8.6 Total emission of TSP sectors

The indicator shows a trend of total quantity of total suspended particles/dust (TSP) emitted from several sources and for several years in the Republic of Macedonia.

8.6

Izvor: Ministerstvo za `ivotna sredina i prostorno planirawe Source: Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning

Od podatocite vo grafikonot 8.6 se gleda deka postoi trend na zgolemuvawe na emisiite na suspendirani ~esti~ki od 2002 godina do 2005. Zgolemuvaweto na emitiranata koli~ina na TSP e vo sektorot Proizvodni procesi (od proizvodstvo na ferosilicium i silicium metal). Ova se dol`i na upotrebata na stara tehnologija i niskiot stepen na za{tita na vozduhot, odnosno nemaweto instrumenti za filtrirawe na izleznite gasovi od poedine~nite ispusti.

Analysing the data shown on the chart 8.6, we can see that there is a trend of increase in the emissions of suspended particles from 2002 to 2005. The increase of emitted quantity of TSP is found in the sector of production processes (from production of ferro-silicon and silicon metal). This is due to the use of old technology and the low degree of air protection i.e. the lack of instruments for filtration of released gases from individual outlets.

87

VOZDUH I KLIMATSKI PROMENI AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGES

8.7 Vkupna potro{uva~ka na supstancii koi ja o{tetuvaat ozonskata obvivka (ODP t/godina)

S substances (ODP t/year)

8.7 Total consumption of ozone depleting

Indikatorot ja poka`uva vkupnata potro{uva~ka na supstancii {to ja osiroma{uvaat ozonskata obvivka izrazeni vo ODP toni (koli~ina vo milioni toni pomno`ena so vrednosta na potencijalot na osiroma{uvawe na ozonskata obvivka) za periodot od 1995 do 2005 godina vo Republika Makedonija.

The indicator shows the total consumption of substances that deplete the ozone layer expressed in ODP tones (quantity in millions of tones multiplied by the value of the ozone layer depleting potential) for the period from 1995 to 2005 in the Republic of Macedonia.

8.7
600 500 400 300 200 100 0 -100 -200 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Vkupno Total

t/godina
Trend Trend

t/year

Izvor: Ministerstvo za `ivotna sredina i prostorno planirawe Source: Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning

Va`no e da se istakne deka vo Republika Makedonija nema proizvodstvo na ODS. Vkupnata potro{uva~ka na ODS vo 1996 godina iznesuva{e 560 toni, a 75% od vkupnata potro{uva~ka e vo sektorite za peni i fri`ideri. Sekojdnevnoto sledewe poka`uva trend na namaluvawe vo potro{uva~kata na ODS: osnovnata prose~na potro{uva~ka vo periodot 1995-1997 godina iznesuva{e okolu 527 toni. Po sproveduvaweto na aktivnostite za namaluvawe i eliminacija na ODS, vkupnata potro{uva~ka na ODS vo 2005 godina iznesuva{e 66,72 toni ili 97% pomalku vo odnos na koli~estvoto zabele`ano vo 1995 godina. (Videte grafikon 8.7)

It is important to point out that there is no production of ODS in the Republic of Macedonia. The total consumption of ODS in 1996 was 560 tones, and 75% of the total consumption was in the sectors for foams and refrigerators. The everyday monitoring shows a decreasing trend in the consumption of ODS: the basic average consumption between 1995 and 1997 was approximately 527 tones. After conducting activities towards reduction and elimination of ODS, the total consumption of ODS in 2005 was 66. 72 tones or 97% less than the quantity registered in 1995. (See chart 8.7)

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P
8.8 Emisii od golemi zagaduva~ki izvori na teritorijata na Republika Makedonija, spored NTES

VOZDUH I KLIMATSKI PROMENI AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGES

8.8 Air emission from large point sources, per country area, NUTS regions and municipalities

Zagaduva~kite supstancii, kako indikatori na zagaduvaweto od golemite izvori, se prika`ani na kartata na Republika Makedonija, spored NTES, so cel da se vidi kako e raspredeleno zagaduvaweto na teritorijata na dr`avata. 8.8

The pollutants serving as indicators of pollution from big sources are shown on the map of the Republic of Macedonia by NUTS, in order to see the distribution of pollution on the territory of the country.

Izvor: Ministerstvo za `ivotna sredina i prostorno planirawe Source: Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning

Od kartata 8.8 se gleda deka pogolema koli~ina na zagaduva~ki supstancii e koncentrirana vo regionite vo zapadniot del na Republika Makedonija.

From the map 8.8 one can see that major quantity of pollutants is concentrated in the regions of the western part of the Republic of Macedonia.

89

VOZDUH I KLIMATSKI PROMENI AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGES

P 8.9 Vkupna emisija na stakleni~ki gasovi P 8.9 Total emission of GHG

Indikatorot go poka`uva trendot na antropogenite emisii na stakleni~ki gasovi. Emisiite se prezentiraat spored vidot na gasot, a se merat spored nivnite potencijali za globalno zatopluvawe.

The indicator shows the tendency of anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases. The emissions are presented according to the type of gas, and measured according to their potentials for global warming.

8.9
16 000 15 500 15 000 14 500 14 000 13 500 13 000
CO2-ekvivalentno [kt] CO2-equivalent [kt]

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

Izvor: Ministerstvo za `ivotna sredina i prostorno planirawe Source: Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning

Od grafikonot 8.9 na koj se prika`ani vkupnite emisii na stakleni~ki gasovi se gleda deka najgolema emisija imalo vo 1990 godina, a potoa, vo periodot od 1991 do 1996 godina ima trend na opa|awe. Trend na poka~uvawe na emisiite na stakleni~ki gasovi ima vo periodot od 1996 do 1998 godina.

From the chart 8.9, showing the total emission of greenhouse gases, we can see that the biggest emissions took place in 1990, and then in the period from 1991 to 1996 there was a falling trend. Increasing trend of emissions of greenhouse gases appears in the period from 1996 to 1998.

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Vkupna emisija na stakleni~ki P 8.10 gasovi, po sektori
Indikatorot gi ilustrira trendovite na antropogenite emisii na stakleni~ki gasovi od sektorite: Energetski industrii, Paten i drug transport, Industrija (procesi i energija), Drugo (energija), Fugitivni emisii, otpad, Zemjodelstvo i drugi (neenergetski sektori).

VOZDUH I KLIMATSKI PROMENI AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGES

P 8.10 Total emission of GHG by sector

This indicator illustrates the tendencies of the anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases in the sectors: energy industries, road and other transport, industry (processes and energy), other (energy), fugitive emissions, waste, agriculture and other (non-energy sectors).

8.10
12 000 10 000 8 000 6 000 4 000 2 000 0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
Industriski procesi Industrial Processes
CO2-ekvivalentno [kt] CO2-equivalent [kt]

Energija Energy
[umarstvo Forestry

Otpad Waste
Zemjodelstvo Agriculture

Izvor: Ministerstvo za `ivotna sredina i prostorno planirawe Source: Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning

Emisijata na stakleni~ki gasovi bele`i opa|awe vo sektorot Industriski procesi (za 35%) i vo Zemjodelstvoto (za 22%), dodeka vo [umarstvoto oscilira, a kaj Otpadot e pribli`no konstantna. Edinstven porast e zabele`an kaj Energetikata (za 6%). Za sporedba, vo vkupnite emisii izrazito najgolem e udelot na Energijata (re~isi 34), potoa sleduvaat Zemjodelstvoto, Otpadot i Industriskite procesi (so 10%, 8% i 7%), dodeka pridonesot na [umarstvoto vo emisiite e pod 2%. Namaluvawata zabele`ani kaj Industriskite procesi i Zemjodelstvoto se posledica, glavno, na reduciranata stopanska aktivnost vo razgleduvaniot period. (Videte grafikon 8.10)

The emission of greenhouse gases registers a decline in the industrial processes (by 35%) and in the agriculture (by 22%), while in forestry it oscillates, and in waste it is nearly constant. The only increase is registered in energy (by 6%). In comparison, in the total emissions by far the biggest is the share of energy (almost 34), then follow the agriculture, the waste and the industrial processes (with 10%, 8% and 7%, respectively), while the share of forestry in emissions is below 2%. The decreases registered in industrial processes and agriculture are due mainly to the reduced economic activity in the examined period. (See chart 8.10)

91

VOZDUH I KLIMATSKI PROMENI AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGES

8.11 Proekcii na emisijata na stakleni~ki gasovi, po sektori, vo CO2ekvivalentno [kt] (osnovno scenario)

8.11 Projections of all GHG emissions by sectors in CO2 - equivalent [kt] (basic scenario)

Indikatorot gi ilustrira proektiranite trendovi na antropogenite emisii na stakleni~ki gasovi so upotreba na postoe~kite politiki i merki i/ ili dopolnitelni politiki i/ili so upotreba na mehanizmite od Kjoto. Proekciite na emisiite se prezentiraat po sektori.

The indicator illustrates the projected trends of anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases by using current policies and measures and/or additional policies and/or by using the Kyoto mechanisms. The projections of emissions are presented by sectors.

8.11

Izvor: Ministerstvo za `ivotna sredina i prostorno planirawe Source: Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning

Na grafikonot 8.11 se pretstaveni proekciite na stakleni~kite gasovi spored osnovnoto scenario do 2020 godina, po sektori, spored Metodologijata IPPC. Posebno vnimanie mu e posveteno na sektorot Energija, osobeno na proizvodstvoto na elektri~na energija, so primena na modeli za planirawe na razvojot na elektroenergetskite sistemi. Za ostanatite sektori se koristeni ekspertski proceni i iskustva od drugi zemji. Osnovnoto scenario e bazirano na stapkite na porast na godi{nite potrebi od elektri~na energija za desetgodi{ni periodi, odnosno 3,75% za 20012010, 3,25% za 2011-2020 i 2,75% za 2021-2030.

The chart 8.11 contains the projections of greenhouse gases according to the basic scenario to 2020, for the sectors, according to the IPPC methodology. Special attention is paid to the sector of energy, especially to the production of electrical energy by applying models for planning the development of electrical energy systems. For the rest of the sectors expert estimates and experiences from other countries are used. The basic scenario is based on the growth rates of the annual demand of electrical energy for ten-year periods i.e. 3.75 % for 2001-2010, 3.25 % for 2011-2020 and 2.75 % for 2021-2030.

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Indikatorot ja poka`uva frekvencijata na nadminuvawa na edno~asovnata grani~na vrednost koja iznesuva 350 g/m3 i koja ne smee da bide nadminata pove}e od 24 pati vo tekot na edna kalendarska godina, kako i frekvencijata na nadminuvawa na dnevnata vrednost koja iznesuva 125 g/m3 i koja ne smee da bide nadminata pove}e od 3 pati vo tekot na edna kalendarska godina. 8.12.1
broj na ~asovi Grad Monitoring stanica Lisi~e Skopje Karpo{ Centar Gazi Baba 1998 3 54 0 10 1999 1 59 12 58 2004 0 8 0 0 2005 0 20 33

VOZDUH I KLIMATSKI PROMENI AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGES

Concentrations of SO in ambient air Koncentracii na sulfur dioksid S 8.12 S 8.12 in Skopje vo ambientniot vozduh vo Skopje
2

The indicator shows a frequency of exceedings of the one-hour limit value, which is 350 g/m3, and must not be exceeded more than 24 times during one calendar year, and a frequency of exceeding the daily value, which is 125 g/m3, and must not be exceeded more than 3 times during one calendar year.

number of hours Monitoring stations Lisice Karpos Centar Gazi Baba Skopje City

dozvoleno nadminuvawe (24 pati vo tekot na edna godina)

Izvor: Ministerstvo za `ivotna sredina i prostorno planirawe Source: Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning

allowed exceedances (24 times per year)

8.12.2
broj na denovi Grad Monitoring stanica Lisi~e Skopje Karpo{ Centar Gazi Baba 1998 11 15 0 3 1999 9 7 6 22 2004 0 0 0 0 2005 0 0 4 Monitoring stations Lisice Karpos Centar Gazi Baba Skopje number of days City

dozvoleno nadminuvawe (3 pati vo tekot na edna godina)

Izvor: Ministerstvo za `ivotna sredina i prostorno planirawe Source: Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning

allowed exceedances (3 times per year)

Od tabelarnite prikazi se zabele`uva trend na opa|awe na koncentraciite na sulfur dioksid vo periodot od 1998 do 2005 godina. Pojavata na poka~ena koncentracija nad grani~nite vrednosti vo stanicata Centar se dol`i na golemata frekvencija na soobra}ajot, odnosno sogoruvaweto na gorivata vo prevoznite sredstva. (Videte tabeli 8.12.1 i 8.12.2)

From the tables one can notice a falling trend of the sulphur dioxide concentrations from 1998 to 2005. The appearance of increased concentration over the limit values in the station of Centar is due to the intensive traffic frequency i.e. to the combustion of fuels in the transportation means. (See tables 8.12.1 and 8.12.2)

93

VOZDUH I KLIMATSKI PROMENI AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGES

so golemina do 10 mikrometri S with a size till 10 micro meters (PM ) in S ~esti~ki (PM ) vo ambientniot vozduh vo Skopje ambient air in Skopje 8.13 Koncentracii na suspendirani
10 10

8.13 Concentrations of suspended particles

Indikatorot go poka`uva brojot na denovi vo tekot na godinata vo koi 24-~asovnata grani~na vrednost koja iznesuva 50 g/m3 e nadminata i nadminuvaweto na prose~nata grani~na godi{na vrednost koja iznesuva 40 g/m3.

The indicator shows the number of days during the year in which the 24-hour limit value, which is 50 g/m3, is exceeded, and the exceedance of the average annual limit value, which is 40 g/m3.

8.13.1
broj na denovi Grad Monitoring stanica Lisi~e Skopje Karpo{ Centar Gazi Baba 2004 258,25 265,79 260,33 228,63 2005 289,56 266,39 274,96 Monitoring stations Lisice Karpos Centar Gazi Baba Skopje number of days City

dozvoleno nadminuvawe (35 pati vo tekot na edna godina)

Izvor: Ministerstvo za `ivotna sredina i prostorno planirawe Source: Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning

allowed exceedances (35 times per year)

8.13.2 g/m3
Grad Monitoring stanica Lisi~e Skopje Karpo{ Centar Gazi Baba
3

g/m3
2004 2005 133,9 83,86 85,25 57,96 91,79 104,68 Monitoring stations Lisice Karpos Centar Gazi Baba Skopje City

godi{na grani~na vrednost - 40 g/m

annual limit value - 40 g/m3

Izvor: Ministerstvo za `ivotna sredina i prostorno planirawe Source: Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning

Od podatocite dadeni vo tabelite 8.13.1 i 8.13.2 mo`e da se zabele`i deka koncentracijata na suspendirani ~esti~ki do 10 mikrometri (PM10) ja nadminuva 24-~asovnata grani~na vrednost od 50 g/m3, kako i prose~nata godi{na koncentracija vo Skopje. (Videte tabeli 8.13.1 i 8.13.2)

From the data given in the tables 8.13.1 and 8.13.2 we can notice that the concentrations of suspended particles with a size till 10 micro meters (PM10) exceed the 24-hour limit value of 50 g/m3, as well as the average annual concentration in Skopje. (See tables 8.13.1 and .13.2)

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Indikatorot ja poka`uva frekvencijata na nadminuvawa na edno~asovnata prose~na grani~na vrednost na azot dioksid (200 g/m3) i frekvencijata na nadminuvawa na prose~nata godi{na koncentracija na azot dioksid koja iznesuva 40 g/m3. 8.14.1
broj na denovi Grad Monitoring stanica Lisi~e Skopje Karpo{ Centar Gazi Baba 1998 225 194 237 221 1999 0 7 5 0 2000 72 1006 384 0 2001 16 182 305 20 2002 7 438 608 0 2003

VOZDUH I KLIMATSKI PROMENI AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGES

Concentrations of NO in ambient air Koncentracii na azot dioksid vo S 8.14 S 8.14 in Skopje ambientniot vozduh vo Skopje
2

The indicator shows a frequency of exceedances of the onehour average annual value of nitrogen dioxide (200 g/m3) and a frequency of exceedances of the average annual concentration of nitrogen dioxide, which is 40 g/m3.

number of days 2004 0 0 3 0 2005 16 0 9 Monitoring stations Lisice Karpos Centar Gazi Baba Skopje City

dozvoleno nadminuvawe (18 pati vo tekot na edna godina)

Izvor: Ministerstvo za `ivotna sredina i prostorno planirawe Source: Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning

allowed exceedances (18 times per year)

8.14.2 g/m3
Grad Monitoring stanica Lisi~e Skopje Karpo{ Centar Gazi Baba 1998 66,8 61,6 76,8 54 1999 22,5 34,2 38,1 21,1 2000 44,4 107 41 12,8 2001 21,6 60 87,5 8,01 2002 5,64 46,7 95 12,1 2003 2004 62,8 57,7 61,6 37,7 2005 52,1 50,8 52,1 Monitoring stations Lisice Karpos Centar Gazi Baba Skopje

g/m3
City

godi{na grani~na vrednost - 40 g/m3

Izvor: Ministerstvo za `ivotna sredina i prostorno planirawe Source: Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning

annual limit value - 40 g/m3

Od podatocite prezentirani vo tabelite 8.14.1 i 8.14.2 mo`e da se vidi deka najgolemi nadminuvawa na ~asovnite koncentracii na azot dioksid se zabele`ani vo period 2000-2002, no se zabele`uva trend na opa|awe vo periodot od 2004 do 2005 godina. Nadminuvawe vo odnos na godi{nata grani~na vrednost se zabele`uva na site monitoring stanici vo tekot na periodot od 1998 do 2005 godina, so isklu~ok na monitoring stanicata postavena vo Gazi Baba.

From the data presented in the tables 8.14.1 and 8.14.2 it can be seen that the highest exceedances of the hourly concentrations of nitrogen dioxide were registered in the period from 2000 to 2002, but there was a falling trend in the period from 2004 to 2005. An exceedance in relation to the average annual value was registered at all monitoring stations during the period from 1998 to 2005, except for the monitoring station in Gazi Baba. (See tables 8.14.1 and 8.14.2)

95

VOZDUH I KLIMATSKI PROMENI AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGES

Koncentracii na ozon vo S 8.15 ambientniot vozduh vo Skopje

Indikatorot ja poka`uva frekvencijata na nadminuvawe na celnata vrednost na ozonot vo tekot na edna kalendarska godina.

Concentration of ozone in ambient air S 8.15 in Skopje

The indicator shows the frequency of exceedances of the target value of ozone during one calendar year.

8.15
broj na denovi Grad Skopje Monitoring stanica Lisi~e Karpo{ 1998 0 0 1999 21 14 2004 4 0 2005 20 17 Monitoring stations Lisice Karpos number of days City Skopje

Izvor: Ministerstvo za `ivotna sredina i prostorno planirawe Source: Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning

Vo tabelata 8.15 se dadeni brojot na denovi so nadminuvawe na celnata vrednost za ozon vo Skopje za periodot od 1998 do 2005 godina. Maksimalnata dnevna 8-~asovna vrednost na ozonot ne treba da ja nadmine celnata vrednost od 120 g/m3 pove}e od 25 dena vo tekot na godinata. Od tabelata se zabele`uva deka vo Skopje celnata vrednost e vo ramkite na dozvolenite granici.

The table 8.15 contains the number of days with exceedance in the target value of ozone in Skopje for the period from 1998 to 2005. The maximal daily, 8-hour value of ozone should not exceed the target value of 120 g/m3 more than 25 days during the year. From the table we can notice that in Skopje the target value is within the allowed limits.

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Indikatorot ja poka`uva frekvencijata na nadminuvawa na osum~asovnata grani~na vrednost na jaglerod monoksid koja iznesuva 10 mg/m3.

VOZDUH I KLIMATSKI PROMENI AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGES

Concentration of CO in ambient air in Koncentracii na jaglerod monoksid S 8.16 S 8.16 Skopje vo ambientniot vozduh vo Skopje
The indicator shows a frequency of exceedances in the eight-hour limit value of carbon monoxide, which is 10 mg/m3.

8.16
broj na denovi Grad Skopje Monitoring stanica Lisi~e Karpo{ Centar Gazi Baba 1998 0 2 1999 12 3 14 0 2000 0 8 3 0 2001 0 4 0 2002 0 1 0 2004 0 0 0 0 2005 2 0 0 Monitoring Lisice Karpos Centar Gazi Baba number of days stations City Skopje

Izvor: Ministerstvo za `ivotna sredina i prostorno planirawe Source: Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning

Kako {to mo`e da se vidi od tabelata 8.16, generalno, od 1998 do 2005 godina postoi trend na namaluvawe na brojot na denovi so nadminata grani~na vrednost za CO, t.e. najgolem broj na denovi so nadminuvawe na 8-~asovnata vrednost >10 mg/m3 se zabele`ani vo stanicata Centar.

As it can be seen from the table 8.16, generally speaking, from 1998 to 2005, there was a falling trend in the number of days with exceeded limit value of CO i.e. the biggest number of days with exceedance in the 8-hour limit >10 mg/m3 was registered in the monitoring station Centar.

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Voved
Podatocite za energentite i vidovite energii se del od energetskite bilansi na Republika Makedonija, po godini. Vo energetskite bilansi se pretstaveni primarnite izvori na energija koi preku procesot na transformacija sozdavaat energija potrebna za krajnite korisnici vo ekonomijata i vo sekojdnevniot `ivot. Energetskiot bilans se podgotvuva spored metodologijata na Eurostat "Energy Balances sheet". Izvor na podatocite se izve{tajnite edinici koi proizveduvaat i vr{at potro{uva~ka na energenti. Dr`avniot zavod za statistika, podatocite od izve{tajnite edinici, pribrani vo forma na statisti~ki pra{alnici, gi obrabotuva i gi vr{i site presmetki vo prirodna edinica merka, vo GJ, vo toe. Grupiraweto na energentite i vidovite energii vo energetskite bilansi e napraveno spored metodologijata od setot na zaedni~ki pra{alnici na IEA/OECD, Eurostat/EU, ECE/UN. Raspredelbata na finalnata potro{uva~ka po kategorii potro{uva~i e napravena spored Nacionalnata klasifikacija na dejnostite (NKD).

ENERGIJA ENERGY

Introduction
The data for the energy commodities and the types of energies are part of the energy balances of the Republic of Macedonia, by years. In the energy balances are presented the primary energy sources, which through the process of transformation create energy needed for the final consumers in the economy and in the everyday life. The energy balance is prepared according to the Eurostat methodology Energy Balances Sheet. Data source are the reporting units which produce and consume energy commodities. The State Statistical Office is processing the data from the reporting units collected in a form of statistical questionnaires, and it does all the calculations in a natural measurement unit, in GJ, in toe. The grouping of energy commodities and the types of energies in the energy balances is done according to the methodology from the set of joint questionnaires of IEA/OECD, Eurostat/EU, ECE/UN. The distribution of the final consumption by categories of consumers is done according to the National Classification of Activities (NACE).

The tables for each chapter can be seen in the Appendix. Tabelite za sekoe poglavje mo`at da se vidat vo Dodatokot. Objasnuvawa i definicii za nekoi od poimite koi se pojavuvaat vo ova poglavje }e najdete vo Re~nikot. Explanations and definitions on some of the terms appearing in this chapter, you will find in the Glossary.

99

ENERGIJA ENERGY

D 9.1 Primarno proizvodstvo na energenti D 9.1 Primary production of energy commodities

Primarnoto proizvodstvo na energenti go opfa}a bruto-proizvodstvoto na primarna netransformirana energija vo zemjata i toa na: cvrsti goriva (lignit), biomasa (ogrevno drvo, drveni otpadoci i drug rastitelen otpad), hidroelektri~na energija i geotermalna energija. 9.1

The primary production of energy commodities scopes the Total production of primary non-transformed energy in the country, including: Solid fuels (Lignite), Biomass (Firewood, Wood waste and other plant waste), Hydro electrical energy and Geothermal energy.

9.1.1

Izvor: Dr`aven zavod za statistika Source: State Statistical Office

Podatocite za godinite od 2000 do 2004 poka`uvaat deka proizvodstvoto na lignit ima najgolem udel vo vkupnoto bruto-primarno proizvodstvo na energija. Lignitot u~estvuva so 79,8% vo 2000 i 81,0% vo 2004 godina vo vkupnoto bruto-primarno proizvodstvo. Ostanatite energenti koi pripa|aat na obnovlivite vidovi na energija vo vkupnoto bruto-primarno proizvodstvo u~estvuvaat so 20,2% vo 2000 i 19,0% vo 2004 godina. (Videte grafikon 9.1) Od obnovlivite vidovi na energija vo 2004 godina, najgolemo u~estvo ima biomasata so 10,3%, a najmalo geotermalnata energija so 0,8% vo odnos na vkupnoto bruto-primarno proizvodstvo. (Videte grafikon 9.1.1)

The data for the years from 2000 to 2004 show that the production of Lignite has the biggest share in the Total primary energy production. The lignite participates with 79,8% in 2000 and 81,0% in 2004 in the Total primary energy production. The rest of the energy commodities that belong to the renewable types of energy, in the total gross-primary production participate with 20,2% in 2000 and 19,0% in 2004. (See chart 9.1) From the renewable types of energy in 2004, the biggest share belongs to the Biomass, with 10,3%, and the smallest to the Geothermal energy, with 0,8% in regard to the Total primary production.(See chart 9.1.1)

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Proizvodstvoto na elektri~na energija go opfa}a bruto-proizvodstvoto na hidro i termoelektri~na energija vo zemjata. Proizvodstvoto na hidroelektri~na energija pretstavuva proizvodstvo na primarna energija od hidrocentralite i e eden od obnovlivite vidovi na energija. Proizvodstvoto na termoelektri~na energija pretstavuva proizvodstvo od termocentralite kade {to kako gorivo, vo najgolem del, se koristi cvrsto gorivo (lignit).

ENERGIJA ENERGY

D 9.2 Proizvodstvo na elektri~na energija D 9.2 Production of electrical energy

The production of electrical energy scopes the grossproduction of hydro and thermo electrical energy in the country. The production of hydro electrical energy represents a production of primary energy from the hydroelectric plants, and it is one of the renewable types of energy. The production of thermo electrical energy represents a production of the thermoelectric plants, where as a fuel mostly is used solid fuel (Lignite).

9.2

Izvor: Dr`aven zavod za statistika Source: State Statistical Office

Vkupnoto bruto-proizvodstvo na elektri~na energija vo 2004 godina iznesuva 6665 GWh, a po godini, vo periodot 2000-2004, se dvi`i vo intervalot pome|u 6090 GWh vo 2002 godina i 6811 GWh vo 2000 godina. Bruto-proizvodstvoto na hidroelektri~na energija vo 2004 godina iznesuva 1482 GWh ili 22.2% od proizvedenata elektri~na energija otpa|a na hidroelektri~na energija. Ako se analizira sostojbata po godini, u~estvoto na proizvodstvoto na hidroelektri~na energija vo vkupnoto e najmalo vo 2001 godina so 9.8%, a najgolemo vo 2004 godina. Linijata na hidroproizvodstvoto na grafikonot 9.2 varira po godini so tendencija na pad vo 2001 godina i rast vo 2004 godina. (Videte grafikon 9.2)

The total gross production of Electrical energy in 2004 was 6665 GWh, and by years, in the period 2000-2004, it moves within the interval of 6090 GWh in 2002 and 6811 GWh in 2000. The gross production of Hydro electrical energy in 2004 is 1482 GWh or 22.2% from the produced electricity belongs to the Hydro electrical energy. If we analyse by years the participation of the Hydro electrical energy production in the total production, the smallest participation was in 2001 with 9.8%, and the biggest participation was in 2004. The line of the hydro-production on the chart 9.2 varies by years with falling tendency in 2001 and increasing tendency in 2004. (See chart 9.2)

101

ENERGIJA ENERGY

D 9.3 Vkupno potrebna energija

Vkupnata potrebna energija pretstavuva: bruto-primarno proizvodstvo + uvoz - izvoz saldo na zalihi Vkupnata potrebna energija e energijata potrebna za transformacija i potro{uva~ka na krajnite potro{uva~i. 9.3

D 9.3 Gross Inland Consumption (GIC)

The Gross Inland Consumption represents: - Exports Stock change The Gross Inland Consumption is an energy needed for transformation and consumption of the end users. Total primary production + Imports

9.3.1

2004

Izvor: Dr`aven zavod za statistika Source: State Statistical Office

Vkupnata potrebna energija vo 2004 godina vo Republika Makedonija e 2748 ktoe. Najgolemo u~estvo vo vkupnata potrebna energija imaat cvrstite goriva (jagleni i produkti od jaglen) so 50,4%, a najmalo so 2,1% ima prirodniot gas. U~estvoto na obnovlivite energetski vidovi vo periodot 2000-2004 godina vo vkupnata potrebna energija, se dvi`i od najmalku 7,8% vo 2002 godina do najmnogu 11,9% vo 2000 godina. (Videte grafikon 9.3) Vo 2004 godina, potrebnite obnovlivi energetski vidovi iznesuvaat 310 ktoe, a vo vkupnata potrebna energija u~estvuvaat so 11,3%. (Videte grafikon 9.3.1)

The Gross Inland Consumption in 2004 in the Republic of Macedonia was 2748 ktoe. The biggest share in the Gross Inland Consumption belongs to the Solid fuels (Coals and Coal products), with 50,4%, and the smallest, with 2,1%, belongs to the Natural gas. The renewable energy types in the period from 2000 to 2004 participate in the Gross Inland Consumption with at least 7,8% in 2002, and most with 11,9% in 2000. (See chart 9.3) In 2004, the necessary renewable energy types were 310 ktoe, and in the Gross Inland Consumption they participated with 11,3%. (See chart 9.3.1)

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Finalnata energetska potro{uva~ka pretstavuva energetska potro{uva~ka na krajnite potro{uva~i, t.e. vkupno potrebnata energija namalena za koli~inata na energija, potrebna za da se transformiraat primarnite izvori na energija. Finalnata potro{uva~ka se presmetuva od vkupnata potrebna energija plus izlezot od transformacii minus vlezot vo transformacii minus potro{uva~kata vo energetskiot sektor minus zagubite minus neenergetskata potro{uva~ka.

ENERGIJA ENERGY

Final energy consumption Finalna energetska potro{uva~ka D 9.4 D 9.4. by energy commodities po energenti
The final energy consumption represents energy consumption of the end users i.e. the Gross Inland Consumption less the quantity of energy needed for transformation of the primary energy sources. The final consumption is calculated from the Gross Inland Consumption plus the transformations output minus the transformations input minus the consumption in the energy branch minus distribution losses minus nonenergy consumption.

9.4

Izvor: Dr`aven zavod za statistika Source: State Statistical Office

Vkupnata finalna potro{uva~ka vo Republika Makedonija vo 2004 godina e 1600 ktoe. Ako se analizira u~estvoto vo vkupnata finalna potro{uva~ka vo 2004 godina po vidovi energenti, najgolemo u~estvo ima naftata so 42% i elektri~nata energija so 31%, a najmalo u~estvo ima prirodniot gas so 2%. Biomasata (ogrevno drvo, drveni otpadoci i drug rastitelen otpad) i geotermalnata energija, kako obnovlivi energenti, vo 2004 godina u~estvuvaat so 11% vo vkupnata finalna potro{uva~ka ili so 177 ktoe. Nivnoto u~estvo, po godini, vo periodot 2000-2004 godina e promenlivo i se dvi`i vo intervalot 9-14% vo odnos na vkupnata finalna potro{uva~ka na energenti. (Videte grafikon 9.4)

The total final consumption in the Republic of Macedonia, in 2004, was 1600 ktoe. If we analyse the participation in the total final consumption in 2004 by types of energy commodities, the biggest participation belongs to the Oil, with 42%, and the Electrical energy, with 31%, and the smallest participation belongs to the Natural gas, with 2%. The Biomass (Firewood, Wood waste and other plant waste) and the Geothermal energy, as renewable energy commodities, in 2004 participate with 11% in the total final consumption or with 177 ktoe. Their participation, by years, in the period from 2000 to 2004 varies and it moves in the interval 9-14% in regard to the total final energy consumption. (See chart 9.4)

103

ENERGIJA ENERGY

9.5 Final energy consumption by sectors, Finalna energetska potro{uva~ka D 9.5 D 2000-2004 po sektori, 2000-2004
Finalnata energetska potro{uva~ka po sektori ja opfa}a potro{uva~kata na krajnite potro{uva~i raspredelena spored Nacionalnata klasifikacija na dejnostite (NKD). Finalnite potro{uva~i se raspredeleni po sektori ili grupi na sektori vo soglasnost so grupiraweto spored metodologijata vo energetskite bilansi na: industrija, soobra}aj, doma}instva, zemjodelstvo i ostanati sektori. 9.5.1 The final energy consumption by sectors includes the consumption of the final consumers determined according to the National Classification of Activities (NACE). The final consumers are distributed by sectors or groups of sectors according to the grouping by the methodology in the energy balances of: industry, transport, households, agriculture and other sectors.

9.5.2

Izvor: Dr`aven zavod za statistika Source: State Statistical Office

Vo vkupnata finalna potro{uva~ka vo Republika Makedonija, vo 2004 godina, najgolemo u~estvo imaat: doma}instvata so 30,2% ili 490 ktoe, industrijata so 28,9% ili 462 ktoe i soobra}ajot so 22,1% ili 353 ktoe, a najmalo u~estvo ima zemjodelstvoto so 3,9% ili 63 ktoe. (Videte gi graficite 9.5.1 i 9.5.2)

In the total final consumption in the Republic of Macedonia, in 2004, the biggest participation have: the households with 30,2% or 490 ktoe, the industry with 28,9% or 462 ktoe and the transport with 22,1% or 353 ktoe, and the smallest participation has the agriculture with 3,9% or 63 ktoe. (See charts 9.5.1 and 9.5.2)

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Voved
Bu~avata vo `ivotnata sredina e nesakan ili {teten nadvore{en zvuk sozdaden od ~ovekovite aktivnosti, vklu~uvaj}i ja i bu~avata emituvana od prevozni sredstva, paten, `elezni~ki i vozdu{en soobra}aj i bu~avata od mesta na industriska aktivnost. Kako izvor na bu~ava se smeta i izveduvaweto na javna priredba, javen sobir i sekakva upotreba na zvu~na i druga oprema koja predizvikuva bu~ava, ako aktivnosta se odviva na javno mesto, na otvoren prostor ili vo gradba koja ne e nameneta za takva dejnost. So merewe na bu~avata i prezemaweto na merki za nejzino namaluvawe ili spre~uvawe, vo golema merka se pridonesuva za podobruvawe na uslovite za `ivot i rabota na lu|eto, kako i za za~uvuvawe na `ivotnata sredina voop{to.

TRANSPORT I BU^AVA TRANSPORT AND NOISE

Introduction
A noise in the living environment is unwanted or harmful outdoor sound created by the human activities, including the noise emitted by the means of transport, the road, the rail and the air traffic, and the noise from the industrial sites. A noise source is also considered a public performance, public gathering and any use of sound and other equipment causing noise, if the activity is performed on a public place, an open area or in a building which is not intended for that purpose. Noise measuring and taking measures for its reducing or preventing, largely contributes to the improvement of the living and working conditions of people, but also to the protection of the living environment in general.

The tables for each chapter can be seen in the Appendix. Explanations and definitions on some of the terms appearing in this chapter, you will find in the Glossary.

Tabelite za sekoe poglavje mo`at da se vidat vo Dodatokot. Objasnuvawa i definicii za nekoi od poimite koi se pojavuvaat vo ova poglavje }e najdete vo Re~nikot.

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TRANSPORT I BU^AVA TRANSPORT AND NOISE

Broj na registrirani vozila, po S 10.1 vidovi

Prevoznite sredstva, kako izvori na bu~ava, se site sredstva za prevoz na lu|e, stoka, proizvodi i sli~no, koi se u~esnici vo patniot, `elezni~kiot, vozdu{niot i vodniot soobra}aj. Vo soobra}ajot, pod poimot prevoz se podrazbira dvi`ewe na patnici i stoka so prevozni sredstva na dadena patna mre`a. Patni~ko motorno vozilo e vozilo konstruirano isklu~ivo ili pred s za prevoz na edno ili pove}e lica i vo ovaa kategorija spa|aat: velosipedi, mopedi, motocikli, patni~ki avtomobili, avtobusi i minibusi. Tovarni avtomobili se site edine~ni patni motorni vozila konstruirani za prevoz na stoki (kamion), ili kombinacija od dve patni vozila nameneti za prevoz na stoki (na primer, kamion so priklu~no vozilo - prikolka ili prikolki), ili vleka~ so poluprikolka i so ili bez prikolka. 10.1
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 0 100 000 Patni~ki avtomobili Passenger cars Avtobusi Busses
Izvor: Ministerstvo za vnatre{ni raboti Source: Ministry of internal affairs

S 10.1 Registered motor vehicles by types

The transport vehicles, as noise sources, are all the means for transport of people, goods, products and similar, which participate in the road, the rail, the air and the water traffic. In the area of traffic, the term transport means a movement of passengers and goods with transport means on a given road network. A motor vehicle is a vehicle constructed exclusively, or primarily for transport of one or more persons, and this category includes: bicycles, mopeds, motorcycles, automobiles, buses and mini buses. Freight vehicles are all the individual motor vehicles constructed for transport of goods (truck) or a combination of two motor vehicles intended for transport of goods (for example a truck with trailer or trailers) or road tractors with semi-trailer and with/without trailer.

200 000

300 000

400 000

Tovarni avtomobili Freight vehicles Drugo Other

Podatocite za registriranite patni motorni i priklu~ni vozila, spored vidot, se dobieni vrz osnova na evidencijata koja se vodi vo Ministerstvoto za vnatre{ni raboti. Najgolem del od registriranite vozila se patni~ki avtomobili, a po niv sledat tovarnite motorni vozila. Nivniot broj vo 2004 i 2005 godina bele`i opa|awe, kako {to e slu~ajot i so drugite vidovi na vozila, osven so specijalnite vozila kade {to se zabele`uva porast na brojot na registriranite vozila. (Videte grafikon 10.1)

The data for registered motor vehicles and trailers by type are obtained according to the registration maintained in the Ministry of Interior. Most of the registered vehicles are cars and after them follow freight vehicles. Their number in 2004 and 2005 decreased, as it was also the case with the other types of vehicles, except for the special vehicles, where there was an increase in the number of registered vehicles. (See chart 10.1)

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10
Indikatorot go poka`uva brojot na merewa na bu~avata vo edna godina, kade {to izmerenoto nivo na bu~ava e nad 65 dB (A).

TRANSPORT I BU^AVA TRANSPORT AND NOISE

Number of measurements with noise Broj na merewa kade {to nivoto na P 10.2 P 10.2 level above 65 dB (A) bu~ava e nad 65 dB (A)
The indicator shows the number of noise measurements in one year, with noise level above 65 dB (A).

10.2
950 900 850 800 750
Merewa Measurements

Trend Trend line

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 1991 1993 1995

Izvor: Gradski zavod za zdravstvena za{tita Source: City Institute for Health Protection

Od grafikonot 10.2 se gleda deka brojot na merewa pri koi izmerenoto nivo na bu~ava e nad 65 dB (A), vo periodot od 1990 do 2005 godina ima trend na postojanost i se dvi`i vo ramkite od 770 merewa vo 1997 godina, do 918 merewa vo 1995 godina, a vkupniot broj na merewa vo tekot na edna godina iznesuva 1400. Od ova mo`e da se zaklu~i deka brojot na izmerenite nivoa nad 65 dB (A), vo site slu~ai e nad 50% od merewata {to pretstavuva pokazatel za zgolemeno nivo na bu~ava vo `ivotnata sredina.

From the chart 10.2, it can be seen that the number of measurements with noise level above 65 dB (A), in the period from 1990 to 2005, had a constant trend and it moved from 770 measurements in 1997 to 918 measurements in 1995; the total number of measurements during one year amounts to 1400. This can lead to the conclusion that the number of measured levels above 65 dB (A), in all cases, is over 50% of the measurements, which represents an indicator of increased level of noise in the living environment.

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10

TRANSPORT I BU^AVA TRANSPORT AND NOISE

Noise level measured in the City of Izmereno nivo na bu~ava vo gradot P 10.3 P 10.3 Skopje Skopje
Indikatorot gi poka`uva izmerenite nivoa na bu~ava vo Skopje, na 14 merni mesta koi se nao|aat na frekventni soobra}ajnici so razli~ni maksimalno dozvoleni nivoa na bu~ava.
The indicator shows the measured levels of noise in Skopje, on 14 measurement points, located on frequent thoroughfares with different maximal permitted noise levels.

10.3.1

Merni mesta na koi MDN e 65 dB (A) Measurement stations where MPL is 65 dB (A)
95 90 85 80 75 70 65 60 2000 2001 2002 2003
MDN MPL

dB (A)

2004

2005

bul. "Jane Sandanski" bul. "Srbija" bul. "Ko~o Racin" bul. "11 Oktomvri" bul. "Kliment Ohridski" ul. "Ivo Lola Ribar" bul. "Partizanski Odredi" bul. "8 mi Septemvri" bul. "Nikola Karev" ul. "Industriska" ul. "Prvomajska" ul. "Sava Kova~evi}" ul. "Cvetan Dimov" ul. "Xon Kenedi"

blvd. "Jane Sandanski" blvd. "Srbija" blvd. "Koco Racin" blvd. "11 Oktomvri" blvd. "Kliment Ohridski" st. "Ivo Lola Ribar" blvd. "Partizanski Odredi" blvd. "8th Septemvri" blvd. "Nikola Karev" st. "Industriska" st. "Prvomajska" st. "Sava Kovacevic" st. "Cvetan Dimov" st. "Dzon Kenedi"

Izvor: Gradski zavod za zdravstvena za{tita Source: City Institute for Health Protection

108

10
10.3.2
75 70 65 60 55
MDN MPL

TRANSPORT I BU^AVA TRANSPORT AND NOISE

Merni mesta na koi MDN e 55 dB (A) Measurement stations where MPL is 55 dB (A)

dB (A)

50

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

ul. "Hristo Tatar~ev" kino "Kisela Voda" ul. "Dame Gruev" ul. "11 Oktomvri" Park "@ena borec" ul. "Dimitrija ^upovski" gimnazija "J.B.Tito" detska gradinka "Orce Nikolov" ul. "Xon Kenedi" - detska gradinka "Sne`ana" detska gradinka "N.N.Bor~e"

st. "Hristo Tatarcev" cinema Kisela Voda st. "Dame Gruev" st. "11 Oktomvri" Park "Zhena borec" st. "Dimitrija Cupovski" High School "J. B. Tito" Kindergarden "Orce Nikolov" st. "Dzon Kenedi" Kindergarden "Snezana" Kindergarden "N. N. Borce"

10.3.3

Merni mesta na koi MDN e 45 dB (A) Measurement stations where MPL is 45 dB (A)

Od grafikonite 10.3.1, 10.3.2 i 10.3.3 se gleda deka na site merni mesta, za razgleduvaniot v r e m e n s k i period od 2000 do 2005 godina, izmerenoto nivo na bu~ava zna~itelno go nadminuva MDN (maksimalno dozvolenoto nivo).

65 60 55 50 45
MDN MPL

dB (A)

ul. "Vodwanska" Klini~ki centar st. "Vodnjanska" Clinical Centre

40

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

From the charts 10.3.1, 10.3.2 and 10.3.3, it can be seen that on all measurement points for the examined time period from 2000 to 2005, the measured noise level significantly exceeds the maximal permitted level (MPL).

Izvor: Gradski zavod za zdravstvena za{tita Source: City Institute for Health Protection

Merenata bu~ava e predizvikana od soobra}ajot vo gradot i najgolem broj od mernite mesta se na frekventni soobra}ajnici. Od izmerenite vrednosti na nivoto na bu~ava mo`e da se zaklu~i deka vo gradot Skopje ima zgolemeno nivo na bu~ava vo `ivotnata sredina.

The measured noise is caused by the traffic in the city and most of the measurement points are on frequent thoroughfares. From the measured values of the noise level it can be concluded that there is an increased noise level in the living environment in the City of Skopje.

109

DODATOK APPENDIX

111

1. Voved 1. Introduction

Institucii od oblasta na `ivotnata sredina/ Environmental institution 1 / Administration of Hydrometeorological Matters / Hydribiological Institutte Ohrid / City Institute for Health Protection Skopje 4 zdravstvena / City Institute for Health Protection Veles zdravstvena / City Institute for Health Protection Kochani zdravstvena / City Institute for Health Protection Bitola zdravstvena / City Institute for Health Protection Kichevo - , / Faculty of Science and MathematicsSkopje , / Faculty of Agricultural Science and Food, Skopje , / Faculty of Forestry, Skopje , / Institute of Agriculture, Skopje , / Mining Institute, Skopje - -/ Geology and Mining Faculty, Shtip State Statistical Office , Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Economy Nevladini organizacii/ Non-govermental organizations 1 -/ EA Areal - Struga

Adresa/ Address , / Skupi bb, Skopje 50, / Naum Ohridski 50, Ohrid 3 18, / 3ta Makedonska Brigada 18, Skopje 14, / Lazo Osmakov 14, Veles , / Partizanska bb, Kochani

Telefon/ Telephone 02/3097 004 / fax: 02 3097-118 046/231 050 / fax: 046 231-051 02/3298 667

elektronska po{ta/ e-mail administrator@meteo.gov.mk

2 3

043/233 202

047/208 100

033/270 688

033/271 263

, / Arhimedova bb, Skopje , / Edvard Kardelj bb, Skopje . 1, / bul. Jugoslavija 1, Skopje , / Edvard Kardelj bb, Skopje 113, / Jane Sandanski 113, Skopje 89, / Goce Delchev 89, Shtip 4, / Dame Gruev 4, Skopje 2, / Leninova 2, Skopje Adresa/ Address 47, / Proleterski brigadi 47, Struga 60, / Dimitar Vlahov 60, Ohrid

02/3117 055

webmaster@pmf.ukim.edu.mk

02/3115 277

10 11 12 13 14 15

02/3135 033 02/3230 910 02/2448 066 032/223 416 02/3229 192 02/3134 477

suf@ukim.edu.mk ...

ri@ri.com.mk

Telefon/ Telephone 046/781 735 / fax: 046/780 803

elektronska po{ta/ e-mail areal_struga@yahoo.com

- / EA Grasnica - Ohrid

046/260 689 / fax: 046/268 268

grasnica@yahoo.com

112

Nevladini organizacii/ Non-govermental organizations 3 4 5 6 - / Zelen Centar (Green Center) - Struga - / EA Prilep - Prilep --/ EA Eko-Lab - Labunista -/ EA Natura - Struga 7 -/ EA Enhalon - Struga 8 9 10 - / EA Deshat - Debar - / EA Zdravec - Resen - / EA Lipa - Kumanovo - / ED Natira - Kumanovo -./ FLORA - Romanovce / Dzhivdipe -/ Association of farmers - Kumanovo - / EA Zdravec - Berovo - / EA Brica - Berovo - / Zelen Centar (Green Center) - Ohrid - / EA Zletovica - Probishtip - / Pro Aktiva - Skopje - / EA Flora - Kriva Palanka - / EA Kitka - Skopje - / EA Kladenec - Pehchevo - / EA Vila Zora - Veles - / EA Vinozhito - Shtip - / EA Opstanok - Skopje - / Biosfera - Bitola - / DEM - Skopje - / EA Izgrev - Sveti Nikole

Adresa/ Address

Telefon/ Telephone 046/75 171 / fax: 046/75 171

elektronska po{ta/ e-mail greencenter_struga@yahoo.com

54, / Gjorche Petrov 54, Prilep / Labunishta 22, / Proleterski brigadi 22, Struga 24, / Vojdan Chernodrinski 24, Struga 8- , / 8th Septemvri bb, Debar / Municipality Resen

048/413 626 / fax: 048/413 626 044/791 859;791 463 / fax: 046/791-859 046/781 043 / fax: 046/781 043 046/786 740 / fax: 046/782 881 046/832 152 047/451 800 031/413 777 031/437 086 070/576 399 070/334 363 desat@mt.net.mk ekolab@hotmail.com natura@soros.org.mk natura@sonet.com.mk

11 12 13 14 15

., / s. Romanovce, Kumanovo

031/465 271 070/258 587 031/411 743

24, / Done Bozhinov 24, Kumanovo 100, / Marshal Tito 100, Berovo 42, / Mosha Pijade 42, Berovo

031/413 600 070/771 075 033/471 157 033/471 155 033/471 314 046/268 268 foja@yahoo.com

16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

brica@yahoo.com

1, / Jordan Stojanov 1, Probishtip

032/484 803 02/3215 881 031/373 513

ed.zletovica@mail.net.mk info@proaktiva.org.mk florakp@mt.net.mk edkitka@mt.net.mk edkp@mt.net.mk ecol@vilazora.com.mk lupce14stip@yahoo.com ... opstanok@email.com ... biosfera@freemail.org.mk bimadem@mt.net.mk edi@edi.org.mk

96, / Drachevska 96, Skopje , / Boris Kidrich bb, Pehchevo , / Dimitar Vlahov bb, Veles 6, / Brakja Miladinovi 6, Shtip 39, / Vasil Gjorgov 39, Skopje 91/4, / Partizanska 91/4, Bitola 39, / Vasil Gjorgov 39, Skopje 3, / Mosha Pijade 3, Sveti Nikole

02/2594 939 033/441 842 043/233 023 032/390 333 02/3113 823 047/251 577 02/3220 518 02/3128 075 042/444 600

113

Nevladini organizacii/ Non-govermental organizations 29 - / Association for environmental protection - Skopje - / EA Planetum - Strumica - / EA Ozon - Strumica - / EA Odek - Kavadarci

Adresa/ Address 26 4/6, / Gjorche Petrov 26 b 4/6, Skopje 22 , / 22 Dekemvri bb, Strumica , / Leninova bb, Strumica , / ploshtad Marshal Tito bb, Kavadarci 3/3, / Lermontova 3/3, Skopje , / Dimitrija Chuposki bb, Skopje 12, / Briselska 12, Skopje . 162, / Po.Box 162, Skopje 3, / Apostol Guslarot 3, Skopje - , / PMF - Gazi Baba bb, Skopje 26, . / Goce Delchev 26, Kr. Palanka 68/3-9, / Kozara 68/3-9, Skopje 25/59, / Naroden front 25/59, Skopje

Telefon/ Telephone 02/335 326

elektronska po{ta/ e-mail sasojord@mol.com.mk

30 31 32

034/331 416 034/331 450 / fax: 034/331 450 043/414 909 / fax: 043/414 909

planetum@mt.net.mk ozonstrumica@yahoo.com odek@mt.net.mk

33

- - - / Journalistic-legal enviro-centre ERINA - Skopje () - / Ecological Press Centre (EPC) - Skopje - / Bio Eko - Skopje () - / Macedonian Ecological Association (MEA) - Skopje - / Association NOVINA - Skopje / Association for studying and protecting birds in Macedonia - / Association OSOGOVO - Kriva Palanka -, / Eko-svest - Skopje - / Eko-misija - Skopje - / Eko plod - Bogdanci - / Chekor po chekor - Josifovo / Eko hrana - / Zelen chekor - Bogdanci / Agrokola . - / EA Kalinka - Valandovo . - / EA Eko plod - Stojakovo . - ./ EA Ekumena - Vasilevo . - ./ EA Zelen mir - Dobrejci , / EA Dozhdovnik - Delchevo

02/3238 404

centarerina@hotmail.com

34 35 36

02/138 660 02/3073 588 / fax: 02/3077 077 02/3117-055 ./ext. 611

ecopress@ecopresscenter.org bioeko@unet.com.mk melovski@iunona.pmf.ukim.edu.mk

37 38

02/3124 327 / fax: 02/3133 765 02/3117 055

estek@mt.net.mk brankom@ukim.edu.mk

39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51

031/375-030 02/3070 779 02/3211 965 070/226-123 034/386 108 035/386 840 070/544 986 034/221 426 070/320 482 034/382 232 070/594 863 070/878 463 034/347 939 033/412 659 dozdovnik@yahoo.com ana@ekosvest.com.mk eko_misija@hotmail.com

114

Nevladini organizacii/ Non-govermental organizations 52 . . / Association for protection of animals and living environment PAUN Skopje - / EA Studenchica - Kichevo - - / EA Izvor - Bitola , / EA Permaculture and Peacebuilding Centre, Shtip

Adresa/ Address . 270, / Po.Box 270, Skopje 3, / Pirinska 3, Kichevo

Telefon/ Telephone 075/543 836

elektronska po{ta/ e-mail ngopaun@yahoo.com

53

045/221 879 045/224 059 / fax: 045/221 817 070/207 178 032/388 325 071/375 200

I_nikoloski@mt.net.mk

54 55

ppcst@ppc.org.mk

115

2. Osnovni podatoci za zemjata 2. Basic data for the country

2.2 Temperatura na vozduhot 2.2 Air temperature

C0 Berovo/ Berovo 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 10,2 9,4 9,4 8,9 9,3 Bitola/ Bitola 11,6 12,3 11,6 11,7 11,5 Demir Kapija/ Demir Kapija 14,5 14,4 14,1 14,0 14,0 Kriva Palanka/ Kriva Palanka 10,1 10,9 10,6 10,7 10,4 Ohrid/ Ohrid 11,9 11,2 11,8 11,7 11,3 Prilep/ Prilep 12,1 12,1 11,6 11,7 11,5 Skopje 3. Rid/ Skopje Z. Rid 13,5 13,4 12,9 13,1 12,8 [tip/ Shtip 14,0 13,6 13,1 13,2 13,2

Izvor: Uprava za hidrometeorolo{ki raboti Source: Hydrometeorological Directorate

2.3 Vrne`i 2.3 Precipitations

mm Vkupno/ Total 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 356,5 464,2 775,4 600,8 632,1 Berovo/ Berovo 308,4 638,3 908,8 700,9 569,2 Bitola/ Bitola 402,5 394,1 863,8 609,1 701,7 Demir Kapija/ Demir Kapija 324,9 523,4 760,0 649,1 565,6 Kriva Palanka/ Kriva Palanka 367,6 579,6 802,9 570,6 750,6 Ohrid/ Ohrid 557,2 526,3 807,2 747,1 878,6 Prilep/ Prilep 295,7 402,1 697,0 533,8 588,5 Skopje 3. Rid/ Skopje Z. Rid 288,5 297,7 721,9 497,1 531,7 mm [tip/ Shtip 306,9 351,9 641,5 498,6 471,2

Izvor: Uprava za hidrometeorolo{ki raboti Source: Hydrometeorological Directorate

116

2.4 Naselenie 2.4 Population

broj Vkupno/ Total 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Izvor: Dr`aven zavod za statistika Source: State Statistical Office

number @eni/ Women 1 012 493 1 016 955 1 005 802 1 009 499 1 012 641 1 015 083 Ma`i/ Men 1 013 857 1 017 927 1 014 355 1 017 274 1 019 903 1 021 772

2 026 350 2 034 882 2 020 157 2 026 773 2 032 544 2 036 855

2.5.1 Vrabotenost 2.5.1 Employment

broj number Vkupno vraboteni/ Total employment

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Izvor: Dr`aven zavod za statistika Source: State Statistical Office

599 308 561 341 545 108 522 995 545 253

117

2.5.2 Vraboteni, po sektori 2.5.2 Employed by sector of activity

broj 2001 Vkupno A B V G D \ E
Zemjodelstvo, lov i {umarstvo Ribarstvo Vadewe na rudi i kamen Prerabotuva~ka industrija Snabduvawe so elektri~na energija, gas i voda Grade`ni{tvo Trgovija na golemo i trgovija na malo, popravka na motorni vozila, motocikli i predmeti za li~na upotreba i za doma}instvata Hoteli i restorani Soobra}aj, skladirawe i vrski Finansisko posreduvawe Aktivnosti vo vrska so nedvi`en imot, iznajmuvawe i delovni aktivnosti Javna uprava i odbrana, zadol`itelna socijalna za{tita Obrazovanie Zdravstvo i socijalna rabota Drugi komunalni, kulturni, op{ti i li~ni uslu`ni aktivnosti Privatni doma}instva so vraboteni lica Eksteritorijalni organizacii i tela

number 2002 561 341 133 581 712 6 937 132 405 14 769 32 806 64 265 2003 545 108 119 951 181 2 498 131 307 15 176 35 874 62 507 2004 522 995 87 608 442 2 813 116 300 15 784 36 493 74 218 2005 545 253 106 179 354 3 554 119 953 17 035 35 326 74 690 A B C D E F G Total
Agriculture, hunting and forestry Fishing Mining and quarrying Manufacturing Electricity, gas and water supply Construction Wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles, motorcycles and personal and household goods Hotels and restaurants Transport, storage and communication Financial intermediation Real estate, renting and business activities Public administration and defence, compulsory social security Education Health and social work Other activities of communal, cultural, general and personal services Private households with employed persons Exteritorial organisations and bodies

599 308 149 163 303 9 314 149 223 16 508 35 620 66 653

@ Z Y I

12 438 33 180 8 776 10 432

11 230 32 595 8 422 11 953

12 766 30 642 7 093 10 811

12 672 30 785 7 703 13 529

13 558 32 720 6 303 14 804

H I J K

33 937

32 956

34 744

39 700

38 301

L M N O P Q

K L Q

26 990 26 907 18 567

33 700 26 226 17 521

32 027 30 233 17 760

33 635 29 914 19 654

31 652 31 320 18 175

M N

1 296

319 945

1 537

156 1 589

414 916

Izvor: Dr`aven zavod za statistika Source: State Statistical Office

2.6 Bruto-doma{en proizvod 2.6 Gross Domestic Product

milioni evra million euros Bruto-doma{en proizvod po tekovni ceni/ GDP at market prices in current prices 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Izvor: Dr`aven zavod za statistika Source: State Statistical Office

3 892,8 3 838,9 4 000,9 4 105,0 4 324,5

118

2.7 Dodadena vrednost, po sektori 2.7 Value added (at basic prices) by sector
milioni evra, po tekoven kurs 2000 A B V G D \ E Zemjodelstvo, lov i ribolov Ribarstvo Rudarstvo i vadewe na kamen Prerabotuva~ka industrija Snabduvawe so elektri~na energija, gas i voda Grade`ni{tvo Trgovija na golemo i trgovija na malo, popravka na motorni vozila motocikli i predmeti za li~na upotreba i za domo} instvata Hoteli i restorani Soobra}aj skladirawe i vrski Finansisko posreduvawe Aktivnnosti vo vrska so nedvi`en imot, iznajmuvawe i delovni aktivnosti Javna uprva i odbrana, zadol`itelna socijalna za{tita Obrazovanie Zdravstvena i socijalna rabota Drugi komunalni, kulturni, op{ti i li~ni uslu`ni aktivnost Imputirani stanarini Minus:Imputirani bankarski uslugi Bruto -dodadena vrednost
Izvor: Dr`aven zavod za statistika Source: State Statistical Office

million euros, at current exchange rate 2001 376,5 0,4 21,5 649,9 164,8 193,7 428,1 2002 401,9 0,8 15,7 621,9 150,0 195,0 450,0 2003 468,0 0,4 16,1 647,2 192,3 221,0 461,6 2004 490,3 0,3 17,0 646,6 180,6 240,2 586,9 A Agriculture, hunting and foresty B Fishing C D Mining and quqrrying Manufactoring

391,2 0,2 30,6 674,0 171,0 220,0 418,3

E Electrificity, gas and water supply F Construction G Wholesale and retailtrade, repair of motor vehicles, motorcycles and personal and household goods

@ Z Y I

57,0 350,1 120,9 122,9

56,0 356,1 121,8 136,3

67,0 338,0 121,8 133,9

76,0 343,8 99,7 138,0

68,0 336,5 122,4 144,3

Hotels and resturant

I Transport, storage and communications J Financial Intermediation K Real este, renting and business activities

236,0

237,1

264,8

277,2

291,4

L Public administration and defence, compulsory social security M N Education Health and social work

K L Q

136,1 148,0 85,9

132,1 142,7 91,1

142,5 153,5 91,1

154,0 161,5 89,8

161,6 157,3 97,6

O Other activities of communal, cultural and personal services Imputed rents Minus:Imputed baking services Gross value added

172,3 84,9 3249,7

174,5 77,8 3204,9

177,0 68,2 3256,8

224,1 62,0 3508,8

255,3 77,0 3719,6

119

3. Koristewe na zemji{teto i zemjodelstvo 3. Land use and Agriculture

3.1 Upotreba na zemji{teto vo soglasnost so Nomenklaturata CORINE Land COVER, 1996 3.1 Land use in accordance with CORINE Land COVER nomenclature, 1996
km2 Povr{ina/ Area Ve{ta~ki povr{ini Zemjodelski povr{ini [umi i poluprirodni oblasti Vodni povr{ini Vodni tela Vkupno
Izvor: Ministerstvo za `ivotna sredina i prostorno planirawe Source: Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning

km2

389 9 739 15 879 20 591 25 710

Artificial areas Agricultural areas Forests and seminatural areas Wetlands Water bodies Total

3.2 Povr{ina na zemji{teto po kategorii na koristewe 3.2 Land take by categories of use
iljadi ha Zemjodelsko zemji{te/ Agricultural land 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Izvor: Dr`aven zavod za statistika Source: State Statistical Office

thousands ha [umi/ Forests 957 550 997 374 989 046 955 294 947 653 955 428 Ostanato/ Other 377 450 329 626 265 954 312 706 358 347 386 572

1 236 000 1 244 000 1 316 000 1 303 000 1 265 000 1 229 000

3.3 Zemjodelsko zemji{te po kategorii na koristewe 3.3 Agricultural land by categories of use
iljadi ha Obrabotliva povr{ina / Cultivable area Zemjodelska povr{ina/ Agricultural area 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Izvor: Dr`aven zavod za statistika Source: State Statistical Office

thousands ha oranici i bav~i/ arable land and gardens 498 512 480 473 461 448

vkupno/ total 598 612 577 569 560 546

ovo{ni gradini/ orchards 16 17 16 16 15 13

lozja/ vineyards 28 28 28 27 26 26

livadi/ meadows 56 55 53 53 58 59

Pasi{ta / Pastures 638 632 739 734 705 683

1 236 1 244 1 316 1 303 1 265 1 229

120

3.4 Povr{ina pod {uma 3.4 Land under forest

iljadi ha thousands ha [umi / Forests 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Izvor: Dr`aven zavod za statistika Source: State Statistical Office

957 550 997 374 989 046 955 294 947 653 955 428

3.5 Pasi{ta 3.5 Pastures

iljadi ha thousands ha Pasi{ta / Pastures 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Izvor: Dr`aven zavod za statistika Source: State Statistical Office

636 630 738 783 704 682

3.6 Broj na dobitok po vidovi i po kategorii 3.6 Number of livestock by species and categories
Goveda/ Cattle 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Izvor: Dr`aven zavod za statistika Source: State Statistical Office

Sviwi/ Pigs 204 135 189 293 196 223 179 050 158 231 155 753

Ovci/ Sheep 1 250 686 1 285 099 1 233 830 1 239 330 1 432 369 1 244 000

@ivina/ Poultry 3 713 369 2 749 637 2 900 966 2 417 362 2 725 298 2 617 012

264 968 265 266 258 973 259 976 254 803 248 185

121

3.7 Broj na p~elni semejstva 3.7 Number of beehives

P~elni semejstva / Beehives 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Izvor: Dr`aven zavod za statistika Source: State Statistical Office

75 481 70 869 70 088 71 602 69 036 66 738

3.8. Bruto-bilans na azot 3.8 Gross-balance of nitrogene

2000 Azoten bilans (toni) Kilogram azot na hektar 4 117 5,33 2001 7 956 10,12 2002 7 978 10,11 2003 3 111 3,96 2004 2 053 N balance (t) 2,66 KgN/ha uaa

Izvor: Ministerstvo za `ivotna sredina i prostorno planirawe Source: Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning

3.9.1 Proizvodstvo na pesticidi 3.9.1 Production of pesticides

t Proizvodstvo na pesticidi/ Production of pesticides 2000 Insekticidi Herbicidi Fungicidi, rodenticidi i sli~ni proizvodi
Izvor: Dr`aven zavod za statistika Source: State Statistical Office

2001 14 12 31

2002 17 0 48

2003 25 0 34

2004 39 4 17

2005 29 Insecticides 9 Herbicides 37 Fungicides, rodenticides and similar products

82 27 68

3.9.2 Proizvodstvo na ve{ta~ki |ubriva 3.9.2 Production of artificial fertilizers

t Proizvodstvo na ve{ta~ki |ubriva / Production of artificial fertilizers 2000 \ubriva; nespomenati na drugo mesto Koli~estvo na |ubriva koi{to sodr`at azot, fosfor i kalium so pove}e od 10% azot
Izvor: Dr`aven zavod za statistika Source: State Statistical Office

2001 69 553 44 986

2002 90 138 58 033

2003 43 598 27 817

2004 0 0

2005 0 0 Fertlizers n.e.c. Fertilizers containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium >10% nitrogen Monoammonium phosphate

99 152 67 755

31 397

24 567

32 105

15 781

122

4. Biolo{ka raznovidnost i {umarstvo 4. Biodiversity and Forestry

4.1 Broj na endemi~ni i zagrozeni divi rastitelni vidovi, 2006 4.1 Number of endemic and threatened species among the higher plants, 2006
Vkupno vidovi/ Number of species Movovi (Bryopsida) Likopodiumovi rastenija (Lycopsida) ^lenestostebleni rastenija (Sphenopsida) Paprati (Filicinae) Golosemeni rastenija (Gymnospermae) Skrienosemeni Dicotyledonae Skrienosemeni Monokotyledonae Vkupno 349 6 7 42 15 2 600 600 3 700 109 5 117 1 Endemi~ni vidovi/ Endemic species 2 Zagrozeni vidovi/ Threatened species 20 Mosses (Bryopsida) 6 Peat mosses (Lycopsida) 2 Horsetails (Sphenopsida) 16 Ferns (Filicinae)

8 Gymnosperms (Gymnospermae) 283 57 392 Angiosperms - Dicotyledonae Angiosperms - Monocotyledonae Total

Izvor: Ministerstvo za `ivotna sredina i prostorno planirawe Source: Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning

4.2 Broj na endemi~ni i zagrozeni 'rbetni `ivotinski vidovi, 2006 4.2 Number of endemic and threatened vertebrate species, 2006
Vkupno vidovi/ Number of species Ribi (Pisces) Vle~ugi (Reptilia) Ptici (Aves) Cica~i (Mammalia) Vkupno 58 32 319 82 491 Endemi~ni vidovi/ Endemic species 20 4 24 Zagrozeni vidovi/ Threatened species 30 Fishes (Pisces) 1 Reptiles (Reptilia) 66 Birds (Aves) 16 Mammals (Mammalia) 113 Total

Izvor: Ministerstvo za `ivotna sredina i prostorno planirawe Source: Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning

4.3 Broj na zagrozeni vidovi gabi, 2006 4.3 Number of threatened species of fungi, 2006
Vkupno vidovi/ Number of species Myxomicota Oomycota Zygomicota Ascomycota Basidiomycota Vkupno
Izvor: Ministerstvo za `ivotna sredina i prostorno planirawe Source: Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning

Zagrozeni vidovi/ Threatened species Myxomicota Oomycota Zygomicota Ascomycota 67 67 Basidiomycota Total

10 20 35 130 1 050 1 245

123

4.4 Otstrelan dive~, po vidovi 4.4. Hunted game by species

broj Vkupno/ Total 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 20 835 12 725 7 210 5 259 9 343 4 793 Divokoza/ Chamois 30 55 4 35 8 47 Zajak/ Hare 6 152 4 095 3 654 527 4 460 4 034 Diva sviwa/ Wild boar 737 663 575 525 667 712 Polska erebica/ Gray partridge 13 198 7 083 2 674 2 708 3 270 Erebica kamewarka/ Rock redlegged partridge 401 552 118 158 219 number Fazan/ Pheasant 317 277 185 1 307 719

Izvor: Dr`aven zavod za statistika Source: State Statistical Office

4.5 Ulov na slatkovodna riba, po vidovi 4.5. Fresh-water fish catches by species
t Vkupno/ Total 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Izvor: Dr`aven zavod za statistika Source: State Statistical Office

t Pastrmka/ Trout Krap/ Carp 836 861 698 880 712 472 263 212 275 280 307 335 Drugi ribi/ Other fish 732 59 261 321 237 61

1 834 1 135 1 238 1 486 1 271 868

4.6 Broj i povr{ina na za{titeni podra~ja, 2006 4.6 Number and area of protected areas, 2006
Vkupna povr{ina vo km2/ Total Area in sq km 3 4 3 14 1 083,38 128,55 23,38 26,45 Procent od teritorijata na Republika Makedonija/ Percentage of the teritory of the Republic of Macedonia

Za{titeno podra~je

Broj/ Number

Protected areas

Nacionalen park Strog priroden rezervat Predel so posebni prirodni karakteristiki Oddelni rastitelni i `ivotinski vidovi Spomenik na prirodata

4,2 National Park 0,5 Strict Nature Reserve 0,1 Site of Special Natural Character 0,1 Area Outside Nature Reserves containing Certain Plant and Animal Species 2,4 Natural Monument

53

619,78

Izvor: Ministerstvo za `ivotna sredina i prostorno planirawe Source: Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning

124

4.7 [umi, po vidovi 4.7 Forests by species

ha Vkupno/ Total 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Izvor: Dr`aven zavod za statistika Source: State Statistical Office

ha ^isti nasadi od listopadni vidovi/ Pure tree stands of broadleaved species 551 088 578 151 569 156 539 666 553 456 555 495 ^isti nasadi od iglolisni vidovi/ Pure tree stands of coniferous species 76 546 78 004 83 239 109 454 85 104 83 865 Me{oviti nasadi/ Mixed tree stands 329 916 341 219 336 651 306 174 309 093 316 068

957 550 997 374 989 046 955 294 947 653 955 428

4.8 Ise~ena drvna masa 4.8 Harvested timber

iljadi m3 thousands m3 Vkupno/ Total 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Izvor: Dr`aven zavod za statistika Source: State Statistical Office

1 148 792 810 930 845 821

4.9 [teti vo {umite 4.9 Forest damages

[teti od rastitelni bolesti (m3)/ Damages caused by plant diseases (m3) ... 110 ... 270 140 26

[teti od insekti (m3)/ Damages caused by insects (m3) 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Izvor: Dr`aven zavod za statistika Source: State Statistical Office

[teti od po`ar (ha)/ Fire damages (ha) 4807 5255 5482 1922 1798 3093

364 ... ... 2997 932 4920

125

5. Po~va 5. Soil
5.1. Povr{ina zafatena so erozija na po~vata, 1992 5.1 Area affected by soil erosion, 1992
ha Distribucija na po~venata erozija/ Soil erosion distribution Ekstremna erozija Visoka erozija Sredna erozija Slaba erozija Mnogu slaba erozija
Izvor: Ministerstvo za `ivotna sredina i prostorno planirawe Source: Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning

ha

69,800 Extreme erosion 183,200 High erosion 689,300 Medium erosion 793,600 Low erosion 746,300 Very low erosion

126

5.2 Industriski kontaminirani lokaliteti - "`ari{ta", 2005 5.2 Identified industrial contaminated sites - "hotspots", 2005

Lokalitet A.D. OHIS (organskohemiska industrija) Silmak (fabrika za fero-silicium, biv{o HEK Jugohrom) MHK Zletovo (topilnica za olovo i cink) Lojane (porane{en rudnik za hrom, arsen i antimon) Toranica (rudnik za olovo i cink) Zletovo (rudnik za olovo i cink) Sasa (rudnik za olovo i cink) Bu~im ( rudnik za bakar) REK Bitola (termoelektrana i rudnik za lignit) REK Oslomej (termoelektrana i rudnik za jaglen) Makstil (fabrika za `elezo i ~elik) AD OKTA (rafinerija za nafta) Tane Caleski (tretirawe na metalni povr{ini) MHK Zletovo (fabrika za ve{ta~ki |ubriva) Godel (fabrika za ko`a) FENI (industrija za prerabotka na leguri na fero-nikel)

Op{tina Skopje Jegunovce

Municipality Skopje Jegunovce

Rizik za `ivotnata sredina Visok Sreden

Environmental Risk High Medium

Site (hotspot) OHIS A.D (organic chemical industry) Silmak ferro-silicon plant (former HEK Jugochrom) MHK Zletovo (lead and zink smelter) Lojane (former chromium, arsenic, antimony mine) Toranica (lead and zink mine) Zletovo mine (lead and zink mine) Sasa (lead and zinc mine) Bucim Copper Mine REK Bitola (Thermal power plant and lignite mine) REK Oslomej - ESM (Thermal power plant and coal mine) Makstil (iron & steel plant) OKTA Rafinerija AD (oil refinery) Tane Caleski (metal surface treatment) MHK Zletovo Fertilizer Plant Godel Tannery Feni Industry (ferro-nickel alloys)

Veles Lojane Kriva Palanka Probi{tip Makedonska Kamenica Radovi{ Bitola

Veles Lojane Kriva Palanka Probistip Makedonska Kamenica Radovis Bitola

Visok Sreden Sreden Sreden Sreden Visok Sreden

High Medium Medium Medium Medium High Medium

Ki~evo

Kicevo

Nizok

Low

Skopje Skopje Ki~evo Veles Skopje Kavadarci

Skopje Skopje Kicevo Veles Skopje Kavadarci

Sreden Nizok Nizok Nizok Nizok Nizok

Medium Low Low Low Low Low

Izvor: Ministerstvo za `ivotna sredina i prostorno planirawe Source: Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning

127

5.2.1 Napredok vo upravuvaweto so kontaminiranite lokaliteti - "`ari{ta", 2005 5.2.1 Successin management with contaminated sites - "hotspots", 2005
Broj na lokaliteti/ Number of sites Identifikacija na lokalitetot Preliminarno istra`uvawe Glavno istra`uvawe na lokalitetot Implementacija na sanacioni merki Kompletirawe na merkite
Izvor: Ministerstvo za `ivotna sredina i prostorno planirawe Source: Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning

Kako % od vkupniot broj/ As % of total 100% Site identification 100% Preliminary investigation 13% Main site investigation 6% Implementation of remediation measures 0% Measure completed

16 16 2 1 0

5.2.2 Procentualno u~estvo na ekonomskite aktivnosti vo kontaminacijata na po~vata, 2005 5.2.2 Ratio of economic activities in the land contamination, 2005
Broj na lokaliteti/ Number of sites 16 7 Kako % od vkupniot broj/ As % of total

Kontaminacija kako rezultat: Vkupno na rabotata na rudnicite (18,75% rudnici so povr{inski kopovi i 25% rudnici so podzemni kopovi) od postrojkite za ekstrakcija i rafinirawe na naftata od metalurgijata od organsko-hemiskata industrija od industrijata za ko`a

Contamination due to localised sources relating to:

100% Total 43,8% mining operation (18,75% mines with surface open-casts and 25% mines with underground open-casts ) 6,3% oil extraction and refining 31,3% the disposal of metallurgic industry waste 12,5% the disposal of organic-chemical industry waste 6,3% the disposal of leather industry waste

1 5 2 1

Izvor: Ministerstvo za `ivotna sredina i prostorno planirawe Source: Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning

128

6. Otpad 6.Waste
6.2 Recikla`a 6.2 Recycling
t Vkupno/ Total 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Izvor: Dr`aven zavod za statistika Source: State Statistical Office

t Obnoveni sekundarni surovini, od metal/ Regenerated secondary raw materials, of metal 4 957 5 168 7 237 8 458 10 187 13 231 3 229 3 427 3 691 5 644 7 910 10 057 Obnoveni sekundarni surovini, od nemetali/ Regenerated secondary raw materials, of non-metal 1 728 1 741 3 546 2 814 2 277 3 174

6.3.1 Uvoz na otpad, po dejnosti 6.3.1 Waste import by economic activities

t 2000 Vkupno 1 2 3 4 5 Vadewe na drugi rudi i kamen Proizvodstvo na prehranbeni proizvodi i pijalaci Proizvodstvo na tutunski proizvodi Proizvodstvo na tekstilni tkaenini [tavewe i dorabotka na ko`a, proizvodstvo na kuferi, ra~ni torbi, sedla, sara~ki proizvodi i obuvki Prerabotka na drvo, proizvodi od drvo i pluta, osven mebel, proizvodstvo na proizvodi od slama i pletarski materijal Proizvodstvo na celuloza, hartija i proizvodi od hartija Proizvodstvo na hemikalii i hemiski proizvodi Proizvodstvo na osnovni metali Proizvodstvo na elektri~ni i opti~ki uredi 9888 333 73 537 368 0 2001 21034 698 2089 810 396 0 2002 31193 1579 1686 599 156 44 2003 69369 1644 1421 757 193 47 2004 141795 Total 980 Other mining and quarrying 1780 Manufacture of food products and beverages 841 Manufacture of tobacco products 156 Manufacture of textiles 24 Tanning and dressing of leather, manufacture of luggage, handbags, saddlery, harness and footware 40 Manufacture of wood and of products of wood and cork, exept furniture; manufacture of articles of straw and planting materials 949 Manufacture of pulp, paper and paper products 2853 Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products 131639 Manufacture of basic metals 2534 Manufacture of electrical and optical equipment t

364

69

32

163

7 8 9 10

222 3178 4813 0

49 1983 12755 2184

90 2149 23712 1147

241 2069 61203 1630

Izvor: Dr`aven zavod za statistika Source: State Statistical Office

129

6.3.2 Izvoz na otpad, po dejnosti 6.3.2 Waste export by economic activities

t 2000 Vkupno 1 2 3 4 Vadewe na drugi rudi i kamen Proizvodstvo na tutunski proizvodi Proizvodstvo na tekstilni tkaenini [tavewe i dorabotka na ko`a, proizvodstvo na kuferi, ra~ni torbi, sedla, sara~ki proizvodi i obuvki Proizvodstvo na celuloza, hartija i proizvodi od hartija Proizvodstvo na hemikalii i hemiski proizvodi Proizvodstvo na osnovni metali Proizvodstvo na elektri~ni i opti~ki uredi 87227 42490 758 345 0 2001 17267 8860 350 281 0 2002 16270 7116 445 392 15 2003 28747 7170 231 312 8 2004 112825 Total t

35161 Other mining and quarrying 605 Manufacture of tobacco products 342 Manufacture of textiles 17 Tanning and dressing of leather, manufacture of luggage, handbags, saddlery, harness and footware 6406 Manufacture of pulp, paper and paper products 932 Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products 65919 Manufacture of basic metals 3442 Manufacture of electrical and optical equipment

5 6 7 8

2288 1430 39917 0

933 1151 2407 3286

450 990 3773 3090

663 1350 16142 2871

Izvor: Dr`aven zavod za statistika Source: State Statistical Office

7. Voda 7. Water
7.2 Protok na rekite 7.2 Water flows of rivers
m3/s Grani~na stanica za protok/ Flux gauging stations - FGS 2002 2003 2004 2005
Izvor: Uprava za hidrometeorolo{ki raboti Source: Hydrometeorological Directorate

Referentna stanica za protok/ Reference gauging stations - RGS 10,31 16,34 15,36 14,01

87,22 74,26 120,25 43,65

130

7.3.1 Na~in na snabduvawe na doma}instvata so voda za piewe, 2002 7.3.1 Way of supplying the household with drinking water, 2002
Snabduvawe na doma}instvata so voda za piewe od/ Way of supplying the household with drinking water Vkupno doma}instva/ Total number of households javen vodovod, vo stanot/ public water pipeline, in the dwelling 489 169 86,69 sopstven hidrofor vo stanot/ private air compressed water tank in the dwelling 27 772 4,92 javen vodovod, nadvor od stanot/ public water pipeline, out of the dwelling 12 525 2,22 drugi na~ini (nadvor od stanot)/ other ways (out of the dwelling) 15 044 2,67 Absolute numbers In %

bunar/ well

Apsolutni pokazateli Vo %

564 296 100,00

19 786 3,51

Izvor: Dr`aven zavod za statistika Source: State Statistical Office

7.3.2 Opremenost na stanovite so instalacii za snabduvawe so voda za piewe, 2002 7.3.2 Dwellings according to water supply installations facilities, 2002
Opremenost so/ Installation with javen vodovod/ public water pipeline 597 014 85,59 hidrofor i drugo/ air compressed water tank and other 48 999 7,02 Bez instalacii/ No instalations

Vkupno stanovi/ Total number of dwellings

Apsolutni pokazateli Vo %

697 529 100,00

51 516 7,39

Absolute numbers In %

Izvor: Dr`aven zavod za statistika Source: State Statistical Office

7.4 Opremenost na stanovite so instalacii za isfrlawe na otpadnite vodi, Popis 2002 7.4 Dwellings according to waste water discharge installations facilities, Census 2002
Opremenost so instalacii/ Instalation facilities javna kanalizacija/ public sewage 417 653 59,88 septi~ka jama/ septic tank 143 353 20,55 sloboden istek/ free waste water pipeline 85 007 12,19

Vkupno stanovi/ Total number of dwellings Apsolutni pokazateli Vo % 697 529 100,00

Bez instalacii/ No instalations

51 516 7,39

Absolute numbers In %

Izvor: Dr`aven zavod za statistika Source: State Statistical Office

131

7.5 Kvalitet na vodata za piewe 7.5 Drinking water quality

Ispravni/ Proper 2002 2003 2004 2005
Izvor: Republi~ki zavod za zdravstvena za{tita Source: Republic Institute for Health Protection

% Fizi~ko-hemiski neispravni/ Physically and chemically improper 93,2 91,5 93,4 93,6 5,3 7,5 5,6 5,6 Mikrobiolo{ki neispravni/ Microbiologicaly improper 1,5 1,0 1,0 0,8

7.6. Kvalitet na vodata za kapewe - ezera vo Republika Makedonija 7.6 Bathing water quality - lakes in the Republic of Macedonia
% Fizi~ko-hemiski neispravni/ Physically and chemically improper 1997 1999 2000 2004 2005
Izvor: Republi~ki zavod za zdravstvena za{tita Source: Republic Institute for Health Protection

Mikrobiolo{ki neispravni/ Microbiologicaly improper 9,00 6,67 9,47 8,63 1,93

35,60 38,67 45,80 43,13 34,37

7.7 Koncentracii na BPK5 vo rekite 7.7 BOD5 concetrations in rivers

Reka Vardar Bregalnica Crna Reka
1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

mg/lO2 river Vardar Bregalnica Crna Reka

5,8 2,3 2,9

6,1 2,4 2,4

4,7 2,5 2,6

4,5 2,3 2,1

5,5 2,1 2,1

5,7 2,3 2,5

4,4 2,1 2,4

6,7 4,4 5,5

6,7 1,3

4,8 1,0 5,2

7,3 1,8 6,1

14,2 3,1 9,9

13,3 3,7 9,5

7,2 2,4 9,2

10,3 4,5 11,4

Izvor: Uprava za hidrometeorolo{ki raboti Source: Hydrometeorological Directorate

7.8 Koncentracii na totalen amonium vo rekite 7.8 Total ammonium in rivers

Reka Vardar Bregalnica Crna Reka
1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

mg/lN river Vardar Bregalnica Crna Reka

1,6 1,2 0,6

1,7 0,4 0,8

2,6 0,7 3

0,4 0,2 0,1

1,1 0,4 0,4

1,5 0,6 1,2

0,7 0,3 2,1

2,2 0,8 1,2

1,6 0,3

1 0 0,7

1,7 0,2 1,4

1,7 0,3 2,9

0,8 0,2 1,2

0,9 0,2 0,8

0,8 0,2 1,3

Izvor: Uprava za hidrometeorolo{ki raboti Source: Hydrometeorological Directorate

132

7.9 Nitrati vo rekite 7.9 Nitrates in rivers

mg/lN Reka Vardar Bregalnica Crna Reka 1988 1,74 0,59 0,56 1989 1,48 0,79 0,65 1990 1,59 0,70 0,51 1991 2,14 0,99 0,66 1992 2,03 0,92 0,79 1993 1,98 0,88 0,80 1994 2,07 0,94 0,61 1999 1,26 0,51 0,52 2000 1,83 0,52 0,55 2001 2,65 0,77 0,52 2002 1,73 0,80 0,78 2003 1,76 3,14 0,49 2004 1,82 0,76 0,81 river Vardar Bregalnica Crna Reka

Izvor: Uprava za hidrometeorolo{ki raboti Source: Hydrometeorological Directorate

7.10 Nitriti vo rekite 7.10 Nitrites in rivers

Reka Vardar Bregalnica Crna Reka 1988 1,06 0,16 0,07 1989 0,4 0,15 0,07 1990 0,75 0,09 0,1 1991 0,54 0,05 0,14 1992 0,48 0,21 0,12 1993 0,54 0,07 0,15 1994 0,59 0,1 0,09 1999 0,09 0,01 0,03 2000 0,17 0,03 0,05 2001 0,16 0,02 0,03 2002 0,1 0,02 0,03 2003 0,13 0,05 0,05 2004 0,06 0,01 0,03

mg/lN river Vardar Bregalnica Crna Reka

Izvor: Uprava za hidrometeorolo{ki raboti Source: Hydrometeorological Directorate

7.11 Ortofosfati vo rekite 7.11 Orthophosphate in rivers

Reka Vardar Bregalnica Crna Reka 1999 1,60 0,19 0,22 2000 1,80 0,21 0,30 2001 0,64 0,13 0,13 2002 0,85 0,26 0,23 2003 0,71 0,31 0,23 2004 1,05 0,40 0,32 river Vardar

mg/lP

Bregalnica Crna Reka

Izvor: Uprava za hidrometeorolo{ki raboti Source: Hydrometeorological Directorate

7.12. Snabduvawe so voda vo industrijata i vo rudarstvoto, 2005 7.12 Water supply in industry and mining, 2005
iljadi m3 Zafateni i obezbedeni koli~estava voda / Volume of water scooped and delivered sopstven vodozafat / own water supplies vkupno total podzemni vodi / ground water 14 312 12 329 8 639 84 133 192 957 26 252 izvorski vodi / springs 123 138 149 712 163 675 214 206 572 232 303 471 povr{inski vodi / surface water vodoteci / all water courses 278 437 70 121 104 970 68 668 116 724 70 566 akumulacii / reservoirs 1 608 437 874 952 1 053 619 1 690 603 2 178 045 937 290 ezera / lakes 1 261 548 997 236 156 304 110 402 691 316 637 javen vodovod / public water supply 19 946 51 756 50 046 48 196 563 684 251 057 thousands m3

drugi izvori / other

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

2 066 275 1 731 822 1 633 626 2 436 652 4 053 069 1 930 859

20 744 23 955 16 521 26 736 26 736 25 586

Izvor: Dr`aven zavod za statistika Source: State Statistical Office

133

7.13. Koristeni vodi za tehnolo{ki nameni 7.13 Water used for production purposes
iljadi m3 Sve`i vodi/ Fresh water Vkupno/ Total tehni~ki vodi/ for all technical purposes 2 015 861 1 626 993 1 552 174 2 338 222 3 534 037 1 609 866 vodi za piewe/ drinking water 206 15 024 566 10 398 132 891 12 459 Reciklirani vodi Recycled water s/ all 2 286 3 391 1 889 38 226 2 421 0 sve`i vodi dodadeni/ fresh water added 116 166 82 36 658 50 0 thousands m3 Povtorno upotrebeni vodi/ Water used repeatedly po pre~istuvaweto/ after purfying 0 0 67 210 278 0 po ladeweto/ after cooling 535 353 0 55 98 0

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

2 018 772 1 645 595 1 554 614 2 350 453 3 669 675 1 622 325

Izvor: Dr`aven zavod za statistika Source: State Statistical Office

7.14 Ispu{tawe na nepre~isteni otpadni vodi od industrijata i rudarstvoto spored recipientot, 2005 7.14 Discharging of untreated waste water from industry and mining by recipient, 2005
iljadi m3 Vkupno/ Total 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2 005 197 1 649 597 1 557 107 2 353 371 3 531 724 1 551 604 Vo zemja / Ground 4 819 2 320 1 986 2 317 112 685 27 705 Vo javna kanalizacija / Public sewage system 14 816 34 730 33 303 90 995 559 090 30 226 Vo vodoteci / Water courses 1 964 123 1 179 742 1 501 239 2 236 985 2 847 634 517 528 Vo akumulacii/ Reservoirs 20 271 18 431 20 005 22 742 12 315 976 145 thousands m3 Vo ezera/ Lakes 1 168 414 374 574 332 0 0

Izvor: Dr`aven zavod za statistika Source: State Statistical Office

7.15 Ispu{tawe na pre~isteni otpadni vodi od industrijata i rudarstvoto spored recipientot, 2005 7.15 Discharging of treated waste waters from industry and mining by recipient, 2005
iljadi m3 Vkupno / Total 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 15 197 313 41 461 45 879 19 130 16 734 Vo zemja / Ground 716 30 13 76 4 396 Vo javna kanalizacija / Public sewer system 1 212 0 987 601 2 389 891 Vo vodoteci / Water courses 5 558 283 23 254 34 378 6 019 4 798 Vo akumulacii/ Reservoirs 7 397 0 17 133 10 718 10 718 10 649 thousands m3 Vo ezera / Lakes 314 0 74 106 0 0

Izvor: Dr`aven zavod za statistika Source: State Statistical Office

134

7.16 Otpadni vodi vo industrijata i rudarstvoto spored namenata, 2005 7.16 Waste water in industry and mining by the purpose, 2005
iljadi m3 Vkupno/ Total 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Izvor: Dr`aven zavod za statistika Source: State Statistical Office

thousands m3 Proizvodstvo/ Production 158 742 153 895 134 240 250 361 996 156 362 541 Vodi za ladewe/ Cooling water 31 670 31 590 31 928 37 606 44 945 38 988 Sanitarni vodi/ Sanitation water 7 436 13 115 12 629 12 266 127 847 23 065 Drugi vodi/ Other 1 609 1 347 1 764 1 449 29 752 4 539

197 848 198 600 178 797 300 233 1 198 700 429 133

8. Vozduh i klimatski promeni 8. Air and climate changes

8.1 Vkupna emisija na supstancii {to predizvikuvaat kiselost 8.1 Total emission of acidifying substances
t/godina 2002 SO2 NOx CO TSP 137 127 31 842 76 059 5 672 2003 138 974 35 046 76 596 26 744 2004 149 600 42 120 83 985 32 132 2005 100 797 33 736 99 735 29 921 t/year

Izvor: Ministerstvo za `ivotna sredina i prostorno planirawe Source: Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning

8.2 Vkupna emisija na supstancii {to predizvikuvaat kiselost, po sektori 8.2 Total emission of acidifying substances, by sectors from the SNAP Nomenclature
t/godina Sektor Sogoruva~ki procesi Proizvodstveni procesi Transport Ostanato Vkupno 2002 126 530 62 936 61 270 0 250 736 2003 129 319 86 259 61 234 0 276 812 2004 143 176 94 798 69 867 0 307 841 2005 166 515 37 120 55 471 5 079 264 185 Sector Combustion processes Production processes Transport Other Total t/year

Izvor: Ministerstvo za `ivotna sredina i prostorno planirawe Source: Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning

135

8.3 Vkupna emisija na SO2, po sektori 8.3 Total emission of SO2 by sectors
t/godina Sektor Sogoruva~ki procesi Proizvodstveni procesi Transport Ostanato Vkupno 2002 101 974 34 640 514 0 137 128 2003 103 582 32 300 514 0 136 396 2004 111 008 37 606 987 0 149 601 2005 99 375 355 1 025 100 797 Sector Combustion processes Production processes Transport Total t/year

42 Other

Izvor: Ministerstvo za `ivotna sredina i prostorno planirawe Source: Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning

8.4 Vkupna emisija na NOx, po sektori 8.4 Total emission of NOx by sectors
t/godina Sektor Sogoruva~ki procesi Proizvodstveni procesi Transport Ostanato Vkupno 2002 14 907 5 587 11 384 0 31 878 2003 16 087 7 641 11 348 0 35 076 2004 19 047 8 508 14 568 0 42 123 2005 17 344 4 933 11 269 189 33 735 Sector Combustion processes Production processes Transport Other Total t/year

Izvor: Ministerstvo za `ivotna sredina i prostorno planirawe Source: Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning

8.5 Vkupna emisija na CO, po sektori 8.5 Total emission of CO by sectors

t/godina Sektor Sogoruva~ki procesi Proizvodstveni procesi Transport Ostanato Vkupno 2002 5 430 21 324 49 305 0 76 059 2003 5 430 21 861 49 305 0 76 596 2004 7 724 22 056 54 205 0 83 985 2005 42 379 9 554 42 952 4 847 99 732 Sector Combustion processes Production processes Transport Other Total t/year

Izvor: Ministerstvo za `ivotna sredina i prostorno planirawe Source: Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning

8.6 Vkupna emisija na TCP, po sektori 8.6 Total emission of TCP sectors
t/godina Sektor Sogoruva~ki procesi Proizvodstveni procesi Transport Ostanato Vkupno 2002 4 220 1 385 67 0 5 672 2003 4 220 24 457 67 0 28 744 2004 5 397 26 628 107 0 32 132 2005 7 417 22 278 225 29 921 Sector Combustion processes Production processes Transport Total t/year

1 Other

Izvor: Ministerstvo za `ivotna sredina i prostorno planirawe Source: Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning

136

8.7 Vkupna potro{uva~ka na supstancii koi ja o{tetuvaat ozonskata obvivka (ODP t/godina) 8.7 Total consumption of ozone depleting substances (ODP t/year)
t/godina 1995 CFC-11 CFC-12 CFC-113 CFC-114 CFC-115 Halon-1211 Halon-1301 CFC-111 CCl4 HCFC-22 HCFC-141b Methyl bromide Vkupno/Total 561,04 1,5 4,4 2,31 0,11 12 509,82 12 537,63 0,02 1,83 0,1 22,16 2,31 12,9 115,31 30 30 3,87 32,4 1,36 0,06 6,57 0,11 27,24 227,23 0,04 4,93 0,05 23,37 77,85 19,92 76,96 10,36 0,01 3,81 0,11 5,32 43,36 55,29 26,61 13,7 5,96 4,76 0,012 1,86 0,02 2,72 7,1 0,04 4,8 0,5 464,8 64,74 1996 420 41 1997 418,41 69,1 1998 7 70,84 1999 8,8 183,07 2000 7,12 39,6 0,02 39,58 34,07 44,53 21,35 11,83 2001 2002 2003 2004 t/year 2005

Izvor: Ministerstvo za `ivotna sredina i prostorno planirawe Source: Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning

8.9 Vkupna emisija na stakleni~ki gasovi 8.9 Total emission of GHG CO2-ekvivalentno [kt]
1990 15 512 1991 14 466 1992 13 973 1993 14 394 1994 13 995 1995 13 995 1996 13 775

CO2-equivalent [kt]
1997 14 454 1998 15 086

Izvor: Ministerstvo za `ivotna sredina i prostorno planirawe Source: Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning

8.10 Vkupna emisija na stakleni~ki gasovi, po sektori 8.10 Total emission of GHG by sectors CO2-ekvivalentno [kt]
1990 Energija Industriski procesi Zemjodelstvo [umarstvo Otpad Vkupno 10596 1632,3 2025,4 88,47 1170,1 15512 1991 9932,2 1371,4 1953,3 6,9 1202,2 14466 1992 9381,8 1281,2 1967,3 144,08 1198,2 13973 1993 9925,1 1104,5 1942,2 221,38 1201,2 14394 1994 9801,8 991,55 1977,5 89,05 1135,6 13995 1995 10086 847,84 1911,8 1,52 1148,1 13995 1996 9921,4 894,82 1766,4 15,08 1177,1 13775 1997 10451 1101,5 1665,5 54,26 1181,9 14454

CO2-equivalent [kt]
1998 11204 1063,6 1577 28,91 1212,6 15086 Energy Industrial Processes Agriculture Forestry Waste Total

Izvor: Ministerstvo za `ivotna sredina i prostorno planirawe Source: Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning

137

8.11 Proekcii na emisijata na stakleni~ki gasovi, po sektori, vo CO2-ekvivalentno [kt] (osnovno scenario) 8.11 Projections of all GHG emissions by sectors in CO2 - equivalent [kt] (basic scenario) CO2-ekvivalentno [kt]
Energija/ Energy 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 8 025 8 525 8 661 8 996 9 220 8 879 9 049 9 334 9 584 9 313 9 620 9 864 10 003 9 930 10 245 9 825 10 058 10 314 10 399 10 286 10 200 Toplina/ Heat 1 624 1 689 1 764 1 849 1 947 2 062 2 144 2 231 2 325 2 425 2 532 2 628 2 730 2 836 2 949 3 068 3 180 3 298 3 421 3 550 3 685 Transport/ Transport 994,21 994,21 1 081,24 1 172,27 1 267,50 1 366,22 1 470,65 1 576,08 1 686,61 1 801,54 1 920,17 2 043,60 2 170,72 2 301,75 2 437,58 2 577,41 2 722,24 2 869,77 3 023,79 3 180,52 3 344,05 Industriski procesi/ Industrial Processes 1 400,40 1 199,13 1 302,31 1 414,36 1 536,05 1 668,21 1 671,95 1 675,70 1 679,46 1 683,23 1 687,01 1 690,75 1 694,50 1 698,26 1 702,03 1 705,81 1 709,56 1 713,33 1 717,11 1 720,89 1 724,68 Otpad/ Waste 2 520,21 2 508,49 2 516,79 2 524,96 2 533,01 2 532,11 2 531,35 2 530,45 2 529,42 2 528,25 2 526,68 2 525,32 2 523,60 2 521,74 2 519,73 2 517,72 2 515,48 2 513,09 2 510,54 2 507,84 2 523,51

CO2-equivalent [kt]
Zemjodelstvo/ Agriculture 1 618,59 1 639,80 1 661,30 1 683,08 1 705,14 1 726,47 1 749,10 1 772,03 1 795,26 1 818,80 1 842,48 1 866,63 1 891,10 1 915,89 1 941,01 1 966,85 1 992,63 2 018,76 2 045,22 2 072,03 2 100,20 LUCF 68,27 68,27 68,27 68,27 68,27 68,27 68,27 68,27 68,27 68,27 68,27 68,27 68,27 68,27 68,27 68,27 68,27 68,27 68,27 68,27 68,27

Izvor: Ministerstvo za `ivotna sredina i prostorno planirawe Source: Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning

138

9. Energija 9. Energy
9.1 Primarno proizvodstvo na energenti 9.1 Primary production of energy commodities
ktoe Vkupno/ Total 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 1 596 1 642 1 577 1 666 1 597 Cvrsti goriva/ Solid fuels 1 273 1 419 1 356 1 353 1 293 Obnovlivi izvori/ Renewable energy sources hidro / hydro 101 54 65 118 127 biomasa / biomass 206 146 143 182 165 geotermalni / geothermal 16 23 13 13 12

Izvor: Dr`aven zavod za statistika Source: State Statistical Office

9.2 Proizvodstvo na elektri~na energija 9.2 Production of electrical energy

GWh Vkupno/ Total 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Izvor: Dr`aven zavod za statistika Source: State Statistical Office

Hidroenergija/ Hydro electricity 1 170 626 757 1 374 1 482

U~estvo vo %/ Ratio in % 17,2 9,8 12,4 20,4 22,2

6 811 6 361 6 090 6 737 6 665

9.3 Vkupno potrebna energija 9.3 Gross inland consumption

ktoe Vkupno/ Total 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Izvor: Dr`aven zavod za statistika Source: State Statistical Office

Cvrsti goriva/ Solid fuels 1 406 1 553 1 352 1 415 1 385

Nafta/ Oil 967 790 1 173 876 895

Priroden gas/ Natural gas 54 71 74 65 57

Elektri~na energija/ Electricity 10 37 68 82 101

Energija od obnovlivi izvori/ Renewable energy sources 329 226 225 302 310

2 766 2 677 2 892 2 740 2 748

139

9.4 Finalna energetska potro{uva~ka, po energenti 9.4 Final energy consumtion by fuel
ktoe Vkupno / Total 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 1 606 1 423 1 780 1 593 1 600 Cvrsti goriva / Solid fuels 108 97 73 95 101 Nafta / Oil 671 573 958 674 674 Priroden gas / Natural gas 7 26 32 29 31 Elektri~na energija / Electricity 448 431 428 490 495 Toplinska energija / Heat (from CHP and District Heating) 153 132 136 128 122 Ostanati / Other 219 164 153 177 177

Izvor: Dr`aven zavod za statistika Source: State Statistical Office

9.5 Finalna energetska potro{uva~ka po sektori 9.5 Final energy consumption by sectors
ktoe Vkupno / Total 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 1 606 1 423 1 780 1 593 1 600 Industrija / Industry 535 457 438 460 462 Transport / Transport 369 348 376 353 353 Doma}instva / Households 485 442 452 493 490 Zemjodelstvo / Agriculture 56 58 32 28 63 Drugi sektori/ Other sectors 161 118 482 259 232

Izvor: Dr`aven zavod za statistika Source: State Statistical Office

10. Transport i bu~ava 10. Transport and noise

10.1 Broj na registrirani vozila, po vidovi 10.1 Number of registered motor vehicles by kind
2000 Vkupno Motocikli Patni~ki avtomobili Avtobusi Tovarni avtomobili Specijalni vozila Traktori Priklu~ni vozila 338 253 3 729 299 588 2 498 20 763 4 687 1 067 5 921 2001 351 217 4 483 309 562 2 620 21 727 5 385 1 170 6 270 2002 345 899 2 918 307 581 2 497 20 213 6 187 538 5 965 2003 336 429 2 142 299 809 2 478 19 042 6 874 358 5 726 2004 279 847 1 382 249 403 2 176 15 196 7 095 193 4 402 2005 284 748 1 724 253 234 2 269 14 702 8 070 161 4 588 Total Motorcycles Passenger cars Busses Freight vehicles Special vehicles Tractors Trailers and semi-trailers

Izvor: Ministerstvo za vnatre{ni raboti Source: Ministry of internal affairs

140

10.2 Broj na merewa kade {to nivoto na bu~ava e nad 65 dB (A) 10.2 Number of measurements with noise level over 65 dB (A)
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

65 dB (A)

862

878

819

880

888

918

896

770

905

889

859

854

875

870

855

876

number of measurements above 65 dB (A)

Izvor: Gradski zavod za zdravstvena za{tita Source: City Institute for Health Protection

10.3.1 Izmereno nivo na bu~ava vo gradot Skopje - merni mesta na koi MDN e 65 dB (A) 10.3.1 Noise level in Skopje - measurement stations where MPL is 65 dB (A)
2000 bul. "Jane Sandanski" bul. "Srbija" bul. "Ko~o Racin" bul. "11 Oktomvri" bul. "Kliment Ohridski" ul. "Ivo Lola Ribar" bul. "Partizanski Odredi" bul. "8 mi Septemvri" bul. "Nikola Karev" ul. "Industriska" ul. "Prvomajska" ul. "Sava Kova~evi}" ul. "Cvetan Dimov" ul. "Xon Kenedi" MDN 90,3 85,86 83,88 89,22 86,67 82,9 86,0 65,0 2001 86,83 84,81 87,84 89,92 84,75 83,6 80,8 65,0 2002 83,72 85,28 84,66 86,49 88,9 79,9 77,4 65,0 2003 85,28 85,05 86,25 88,21 86,83 81,7 79,1 65,0 2004 85,25 85,57 86,7 86,85 84,69 82,61 80,6 65,00 2005 86,36 85,75 88,91 86,86 85,4 81,74 83,62 65,00 blvd. "Jane Sandanski" blvd. "Srbija" blvd. "Koco Racin" blvd. "11 Oktomvri" blvd. "Kliment Ohridski" st. "Ivo Lola Ribar" blvd. "Partizanski Odredi" blvd. "8th Septemvri" blvd. "Nikola Karev" st. "Industriska" st. "Prvomajska" st. "Sava Kovacevic" st. "Cvetan Dimov" st. "Dzon Kenedi" MPL

dB (A)

Izvor: Gradski zavod za zdravstvena za{tita Source: City Institute for Health Protection

141

10.3.2 Izmereno nivo na bu~ava vo gradot Skopje - merni mesta na koi MDN e 55 dB (A) 10.3.2 Noise level in Skopje - measurement stations where MPL is 55 dB (A)
dB (A) 2000 ul. "Hristo Tatar~ev" kino "Kisela Voda" ul. "Dame Gruev" ul. "11 Oktomvri" Park "@ena borec" ul. "Dimitrija ^upovski" gimnazija "J.B.Tito" detska gradinka "Orce Nikolov" ul. "Xon Kenedi" - detska gradinka "Sne`ana" detska gradinka "N.N.Bor~e" MDN
Izvor: Gradski zavod za zdravstvena za{tita Source: City Institute for Health Protection

2001 66,6 69,1

2002 67,8 68,4

2003 67,2 68,7

2004 65,95 69,06

2005 65,64 70,55 st. "Hristo Tatarcev" cinema Kisela Voda st. "Dame Gruev" st. "11 Oktomvri" Park "Zhena borec" st. "Dimitrija Cupovski" High School "J. B. Tito" Kindergarden "Orce Nikolov" st. "Dzon Kenedi" Kindergarden "Snezana" Kindergarden "N. N. Borce" MPL

67,7 70,1

69,7 57,2 61 62,7 55,0

68,0 56,4 61 66,2 55,0

66,9 59,7 62 63,3 55,0

67,5 58,1 61 64,7 55,0

67,66 56,27 63 65,57 55,00

68,70 59,90 61 64,95 55,00

10.3.2 Izmereno nivo na bu~ava vo gradot Skopje - merni mesta na koi MDN e 45 dB (A) 10.3.2 Noise level in Skopje - measurement stations where MPL is 45 dB (A)
dB (A) 2000 ul. "Vodwanska" Klini~ki centar MDN 60,0 45,0 2001 60,6 45,0 2002 62,3 45,0 2003 61,5 45,0 2004 61,10 45,00 2005 62,70 45,00 st. "Vodnjanska" Clinical Centre MPL

Izvor: Gradski zavod za zdravstvena za{tita Source: City Institute for Health Protection

142

Re~nik Glossary
1. @IVOTNA SREDINA 1. LIVING ENVIRONMENT
Prostorot so site `ivi organizmi i prirodni bogatstva, odnosno prirodnite i sozdadenite vrednosti, nivnite me|usebni odnosi i vkupniot prostor vo koj `ivee ~ovekot i vo koj se smesteni naselbite, dobrata vo op{ta upotreba, industriskite i drugite objekti, vklu~uvaj}i gi i mediumite i oblastite na `ivotnata sredina. Tradicionalno, terminot zna~i za{tita na prirodata (prirodnata okolina), ~uvawe na nejzinata ubavina i nejziniot rastitelen i `ivotinski svet. The space with all living organisms and natural resources, i.e. natural and manmade values, their interaction and the entire space in which people live and in which settlements, goods in general use, industrial and other facilities, including the media and the areas of the environment, are situated. Traditionally, the term means protection of the nature (natural environment), conservation of its beauty and its plant and animal life.

@ivotna sredina Environment

Za{tita na prirodata Envorinmental protection Kontaminiran lokalitet Contaminated area Heterogen Heterogeneous Atmosfera Atmosphere

Ozna~uva povr{ina kade {to prisustvoto na kontaminacija na po~vata e potvrdeno i serioznosta na mo`nite vlijanija na ekosistemite i zdravjeto na lu|eto e takva {to se bara sanacija. So raznoobrazna struktura ili sostav.

Area where the presence of the soil contamination is recognized, and the seriousness of the possible effects on the ecosystems and the peoples health is such that requires remedial measures. Having a non-uniform structure or composition.

Gasovitata vozdu{na obvivka ili vozdu{en okean na Zemjata {to se sostoi od azot, kislorod, argon i drugi gasovi koi se zastapeni so pomal procent. Vkupno koli~estvo na voda ili vodena obvivka na Zemjinata topka. Ja opfa}a vodata vo atmosferata i vo Zemjinata kora, kako i celokupnata vodena masa na okeanite, moriwata, ezerata, rekite, mo~uri{tata, snegot, mrazot i dr. Sistem na postojano nabquduvawe, merewe i vrednuvawe na sostojbata na `ivotnata sredina (definicija na Globalniot monitoring sistem na `ivotnata sredina od Stokholmskata konferencija).

The gaseous cover or air ocean surrounding the earth that consists of nitrogen, oxygen, argon and small percentage of other gasses. Total amount of water or water cover of the Earth. It includes the water from the atmosphere and the earth crust, as well as the total water mass from the oceans, seas, lakes, rivers, swamps, snow, ice etc. A system of permanent observation, measurement and evaluation of the environmental condition (Stockholm Global Environment Monitoring System Conference definition).

Hidrosfera Hydrosphere

Monitoring Monitoring

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Ramkovna konvencija na Obedinetite nacii za klimatski promeni United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

Konvencijata e usvoena na 9 maj 1992, vo Wujork i e potpi{ana od strana na pove}e od 150 zemji i Evropskata zaednica na Svetskiot samit odr`an vo Rio De @eneiro vo 1992. Najva`nata cel na Konvencijata e "stabilizacija na koncentracijata na stakleni~kite gasovi vo atmosferata na nivo {to }e gi spre~uva opasnite antropogeni vlijanija vrz klimatskiot sistem". Konvencijata se sostoi od obvrski za site involvirani strani. Vo ramkite na Konvencijata, stranite vklu~eni vo Aneks 1 se stremat do 2000 godina da gi vratat emisiite na stakleni~kite gasovi (koi ne se kontrolirani so Montrealskiot protokol) na nivoto zabele`ano vo 1990 godina. Konvencijata stapi vo sila vo mart 1994.

The convention was adopted on 9 May 1992, in New York, and signed at the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro by more than 150 countries and the European Community. Its ultimate objective is the 'stabilisation of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system'. It contains commitments for all parties. Under the convention, parties included in annex I aim to return greenhouse gas emissions not controlled by the Montreal Protocol to 1990 levels by the year 2000. The convention entered in force in March 1994.

2. OSNOVNI PODATOCI ZA ZEMJATA 2. BASIC DATA FOR THE COUNTRY

Klimatska promena Climate change Klimatskata promena se odnesuva na sekoja povremena promena na klimata predizvikana ili od prirodni pojavi ili od ~ove~ki aktivnosti. Climate change refers to any change in climate over time, either due to natural variability or as a result of human activity.

3. KORISTEWE NA ZEMJI[TETO I ZEMJODELSTVO 3. LAND USE AND AGRICULTURE

Programata Corine be{e vovedena vo Evropskata unija vo 1985. Corine zna~i "koordinacija na informaciite za `ivotnata sredina" i pretstavuva{e prototip - proekt koj opfa}a{e razli~ni pra{awa od oblasta na `ivotnata sredina. Corine-bazata na podatoci i nekolku od programite Corine bea prezemeni od strana na EEA. Edna od ovie programi e i inventarot na (zemjina pokrivka) pokrienosta na zemji{teto vo 44 klasi, pretstaveno kako kartografski produkt vo razmer 1: 100 000. Ovaa baza na podatoci e operativno dostapna za najgolem del od Evropa. Prvi~nite inventari, napraveni i pretstaveni vrz osnova na satelitski snimki i pomo{ni izvori na informacii, se ~uvaat vo nacionalnite institucii. In 1985 the Corine programme was initiated in the European Union. Corine means "coordination of information on the environment" and it was a prototype project working on many different environmental issues. The Corine databases and several of its programmes have been taken over by the EEA. One of these is an inventory of land cover in 44 classes, and presented as a cartographic product, at a scale of 1: 100 000. This database is operationally available for most areas of Europe. Original inventories, based on and interpreted from satellite imagery as well as ancillary information sources, are stored within national institutions.

Corine pokrienost na zemji{teto Corine land cover

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Corinair

Programa za voveduvawe na inventar na emisii od zagaduva~ki supstancii vo vozduhot na nivo na Evropa. Programata be{e inicirana od strana na Rabotnata grupa na Evropskata agencija za `ivotna sredina (EEA) i be{e del od rabotnata programa na Corine (Koordinirawe na informaciite od oblasta na `ivotnata sredina), osnovana od strana na Evropskiot sovet na ministri vo 1985. Vo 1995 Topik centarot za emisii vo vozduh na Agencijata (ETC/AEM) be{e anga`iran da prodol`i so programata Corinair. 1) Povr{inskiot po~ven bilans na azotot se presmetuva kako razlika pome|u vkupnoto koli~estvo na azot koe vleguva vo po~vata i koli~estvoto na azot koe ja napu{ta po~vata na godi{no nivo, vrz osnova na azotniot ciklus. 2) Sostojba kade {to postoi ramnote`a pome|u vleznite i izleznite nutrienti.

Corinair is a programme to establish an inventory of emissions of air pollutants in Europe. It was initiated by the European Environment Agency Task Force and was part of the Corine (Coordination of information on the environment) work programme set up by the European Council of Ministers in 1985. In 1995 the Agency's European Topic Centre on Air Emissions (ETC/AEM) was contracted to continue the Corinair programme.

Bilans na azot Nitrogen balance

1) The soil surface nitrogen balance is calculated as the difference between the total quantity of nitrogen inputs entering the soil and the quantity of nitrogen outputs leaving the soil annually, based on the nitrogen cycle. 2) Condition in which there is an equilibrium between intake and excretion of nutrients.

4. BIOLO[KA RAZNOVIDNOST I [UMARSTVO 4. BIODIVERSITY AND FORESTRY

Biolo{ka raznovidnost Biodiversity Diverzitet Diversity Planirano upravuvawe so prirodnite resursi za da se obezbedi samoodr`livost na ekosistemite, vklu~uvaj}i gi site organizmi; zadr`uvawe na prirodnata ramnote`a na diverzitetot i na evolutivnata promena vo `ivotnata sredina. Osnovna edinica vo ekologijata; go ozna~uva dinami~kiot kompleks na zaednicite na rastenijata, `ivotnite i mikroorganizmite (biocenoza), kako i nivnata ne`iva sredina (biotop) koi me|usebno dejstvuvaat kako funkcionalna edinica sposobna za samoregulacija (vo smisla na kru`ewe na informacijata i protok na energija). The planned management of natural resources with the aim of self-guarding the ecosystems (self-sustainability), including all biota; the retention of natural balance of diversity and evolutionary change in the environment. The basic unit in ecology; Means a dynamic complex of plant, animal and microorganism communities (biocenosis) and their non-living environment (biotope) interacting as a functional self - regulating unit (in sense of matter cycling and energy flow). Sevkupnost na `ivite organizmi kako sostaven del na ekosistemite, a go vklu~uva raznoobrazieto vnatre vo vidovite, pome|u vidovite, kako i raznoobrazieto na ekosistemite. Vidovo bogatstvo vo ramkite na opredeleno podra~je. The complete range of living organisms as part of ecosystems that includes the diversity within the species, diversity among species, and also the diversity of ecosystems. Species richness within a certain area.

Konzervacija Conservation

Ekosistem Ecosystem

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Takson Taxon

Taksonomska kategorija od koj bilo rang, koja{to gi opfa}a site podredeni kategorii. Nau~na disciplina koja gi utvrduva pravilata i principite za opi{uvawe, imenuvawe i klasificirawe na organizmite. Klasifikacijata na organizmite e zasnovana na hierarhiski sistem koj zapo~nuva so kategorijata Vid, a zavr{uva so kategorijata Carstvo. Sevkupnost na rastitelnite taksoni vo odredeno `iveali{te, vo geolo{ki sloj ili region. Vid, ograni~en na odredeno geografsko podra~je.

A taxonomic group of any rank, including all the subordinate groups.

Taksonomija Taxonomy

Theory and practice of describing, naming and classifying organisms. The classification of organisms is based upon a hierarchical scheme beginning with Species at the base and ending with the category Kingdom.

Flora Flora Endemi~en vid Endemic species Skrienosemeni rastenija Angiosperms Fauna Fauna

The plant life of a given region or geological stratum. Species restricted to a particular geographic region. Group of vascular plants that in the world of plants are ranked on the top level of development organization.

Grupa od vaskularnite rastenija koja vo rastitelniot svet se nao|a na najvisoko nivo na organizacija na razvojot.

Sevkupniot `ivotinski svet na odredeno `iveali{te, geolo{ki sloj ili region. Pottip od tipot Chordata {to opfa}a `ivotni {to se karakteriziraat so prisustvo na mozok zatvoren vo ~erep, so u{i, bubrezi i so drugi organi, kako i dobro oformen kosken ili 'rskavi~en 'rbeten stolb vo koj e smesten 'rbetniot mozok. Carstvo na heterotrofni eukariotski organizmi, ednokleto~ni ili kon~esti. Kaj niv otsustvuva hlorofilot, a hranlivite materii gi apsorbiraat od podlogata. Spisok na vidovi pod zakana (vo ramkite na odredeno podra~je - na nacionalno, regionalno ili na globalno nivo) vo soglasnost so kriteriumite IUCN. Klasa na homeotermni ~etirino`ni vertebrati so postojana telesna temperatura. @enkite poseduvaat mle~ni `lezdi so ~ij{to produkt (mleko) gi hranat svoite mladen~iwa.

The entire animal life of a given region or geological stratum. Subphylum of the Chordata, animals characterized by the possession of brain enclosed in a skull, ears, kidneys and other organs and well-formed bony or cartilaginous vertebral column or backbone enclosing the spinal cord. Kingdom of heterotrophic, non-motile and chiefly multicellular organisms, which lack chlorophyll and obtain nutrients by the absorption of organic compounds from their surrounding. A list of threatened species. It means evaluating of the threat status of species (within specific area - national, regional or global level), in accordance with IUCN criteria. Class of homeothermic tetrapod vertebrates. Females produce milk from mammary glands with whose products (milk) they feed their youngs.

'Rbetnici Verterbrata

Fungi (gabi) Fungus Crvena lista Red List Cica~i Mammals

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Ribi Fishes Vle~ugi Reptiles Ptici Birds Relikten vid Relict species Vid pod zakana Threatened species

Grupa akvati~ni 'rbetnici, bez ekstremiteti, koi di{at, glavno, na `abri, so hidrodinami~na forma na teloto i so perki za plivawe. @ivotni od klasata vi{i 'rbetnici kaj koi se javuva embrionalna obvivka, so nepostojana telesna temperatura, ~etirino`ni vertebrati kaj koi dominiraat kopneni formi. Klasa na 'rbetnici so postojana telesna temperatura ~ie telo e pokrieno so perduvi. Nepromenet vid koj vo minatoto bil {iroko rasprostranet, a denes opstojuva na izolirani prostori ili `iveali{ta. Vid, vo ~ij priroden areal u{te postojat dovolen broj edinki, no poradi namaluvawe na nivnata brojnost (gustina na populacijata) toj e vklu~en vo edna od trite kategorii: kriti~no zagrozen, zagrozen ili ranliv vid. Za{titena oblast/podra~je, glavno upravuvana za nau~ni istra`uvawa i monitoring; kopneno i/ili morsko podra~je koe poseduva isklu~itelni ili reprezentativni ekosistemi i/ili vidovi, kako i geolo{ki ili fiziolo{ki karakteristiki. Za{titeno podra~je upravuvano, glavno, za za{tita na ekosistemite i za rekreacija; prirodna kopnena ili morska oblast nameneta za: a) za{tita na ekolo{kiot integritet na eden ili pove}e ekosistemi za sega{nite i idnite generacii; b) zapirawe (isklu~uvawe) na eksploatacijata ili na dejstvata koi mo`at da im na{tetat na celite na za{titata; v) obezbeduvawe na osnova za duhovni, nau~ni, obrazovni i drugi mo`nosti za posetitelite, pri {to site tie aktivnosti mora da bidat vo soglasnost so prirodata i kulturata. Grupa na rastenija koi gi imaat razvieno trite vegetativni organi: koren, steblo i list.

Group of aquatic limbless vertebrates, breathing mainly by gills, with streamlined bodies and fins. Class of tetrapod vertebrates, amniotes, with unstable body temperature, which include mostly terrestrial forms.

A class of homoeothermic vertebrates having the body clothed in feathers. Species that are persisting in their original form in isolated habitats, with widespread distribution in the past. Wild species that is still abundant in its natural range, but is likely to become endangered because of declining numbers and is included in one of the three categories: critically endangered, endangered and vulnerable. A protected area managed mainly for scientific research and monitoring; an area of land and/or sea possessing some outstanding or representative ecosystems, geological or physiological features and/or species. A protected area managed mainly for ecosystem protection and recreation; a natural area of land and/or sea designated: (a) to protect the ecological integrity of one or more ecosystems for present and future generations; (b) to exclude exploitation or occupation inimical to the purposes of designation of the area; and (c) to provide a foundation for spiritual, scientific, educational, recreational, and visitor opportunities, all of which must be environmentally and culturally compatible.

Rezervat Reserve

Nacionalen park National park

Vi{i rastenija Higher plants

Group of plants that have developed the three vegetative organs: root, trunk and leaf.

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5. PO^VA 5. SOIL
Po~va Soil Degradacija na po~va Soil dagradation Kontaminacija Contamination Erozija na po~vata Erosion Vodena erozija Water erosion Sediment Sediment Aridnost Aridity @e{ka to~ka Hot spot ^esti~ki transportirani od veter, voda i mraz, naneseni ili natalo`eni od voda. Se odnesuva na klima ili `iveali{te so prose~na godi{na suma na vrne`i pomala od 250 mm, so isparuvawe koe gi nadminuva vrne`ite i ima retka rastitelnost. Nov termin koj se koristi vo kontekst na biolo{kata raznovidnost, a podrazbira ogromno bogatstvo na biolo{kata raznovidnost vo ograni~eno podra~je. Sinonim za mineralni materii (hemiski elementi ili ednostavni neorganski soedinenija) {to rastenijata gi crpat od po~vata (ili od vodata vo vodnite ekosistemi) i koi{to se vra}aat nazad vo `ivotnata sredina po razgraduvaweto na mrtvata organska materija (kru`ewe na mineralnite materii). Bakterii koi `iveat vo po~vata i vodata i se sposobni da go fiksiraat slobodniot azot vo prisustvo na jagleni hidrati. Particles that have been transported by wind, water or ice and subsequently deposited, or that have been precipitated from water. Pertaining to climate or habitat having a low annual rainfall of less than 250 mm, with evaporation exceeding precipitation and a sparse vegetation. Neologism used in context of biodiversity, meaning huge biodiversity richness present into a restricted area. Zagaduvawe na organizam, sredina na `iveewe, predmeti i materii so nekoja {tetna supstancija. Proces so koj ~esti~kite na po~vata ili na rastresitite karpi se razdeluvaat i se premestuvaat pod dejstvo na povr{inskite vodi, na veterot, mrazot ili na zemjinata te`a. Erozija predizvikana od do`d i iste~ni vodi. Pollution of organism, envoriment, objects and matters with some harmful substance. Process of removal and translocation of soil, particles and loose rocks by impact of water, ice, wind or gravitation. Rastresit materijal na povr{inskiot sloj na kopnoto {to e sozdaden so zaedni~ko vlijanie na site pedogenetski faktori i procesi. Namaluvawe, vlo{uvawe, gubewe na prvobitnite svojstva na po~vata. Loose material on the land surface that is produced by the joint influence of pedogenetic factors and processes. Decreasing, worsening, loosing of the original soil characteristics.

Erosion caused by rain and stream waters.

Nutrient Nutrient

The synonym of mineral matters (chemical elements or simple inorganic compounds) taken by the plants from the soil (or water in aquatic ecosystems), which go back into the environment after the degradation of the dead organic matter.

Azotofiksatori Nitrogen-fix

Bacteria living in the soil and water, able to fixate the free nitrogen in presence of carbohydrates.

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6. OTPAD 6. WASTE
Otpad Waste Deponija Landfill Deponiran otpad Landfilled waste Deponirawe Landfilling Deponirawe na otpadot e organizirana dejnost za trajno deponirawe na otpadot na specijalno za taa cel uredeni prostori i objekti. Operacija za otstranuvawe na otpadot na deponii. Landfilling is organized duty for permanent waste disposal to a specially constructed areas and objects for that purpose. An operation for waste disposal at landfills. Sekoja materija ili predmet koja{to sozdava~ot ili poseduva~ot ja otfrla, ima namera da ja otfrli ili od nego se bara da ja otfrli. Objekt namenet za otstranuvawe na otpadot so polagawe nad ili pod zemja. Any substance or object that the generator or the holder discards, intends to discard or is required to discard. Facility intended for waste disposal by way of tipping it above or under the ground.

7. VODA 7. WATER
Reka River Re~en sliv River basin Fizi~ko-hemiska analiza na vodata za piewe Physical-chemical analysis of drinking water Mikrobiolo{ka analiza na vodata za piewe Microbiological analysis of drinking water Vodno telo koe{to postojano ili povremeno te~e po povr{inata na zemjata, no koe{to mo`e, vo del od svojot tek, da te~e i pod zemja. Povr{inata na zemji{teto od koe{to site povr{inski istekuvawa se slevaat preku niza potoci, reki i mo`ebi ezera, vo more, vo edna re~na utoka, estuar ili delta. Fizi~ko-hemiska analiza na vodata za piewe e odreduvawe na organolepti~ki osobini, fizi~ki osobini i prisustvo na hemiski supstanci i vo primerocite, zaradi utvrduvawe na bezbednosta na vodata, vo propi{ani vremenski rokovi, vo soglasnost so nacionalnata legislativa za bezbednost na vodata za piewe. Mikrobiolo{ka analiza na vodata za piewe e odreduvawe na mikroorganizmi zaradi utvrduvawe na mikrobiolo{kata bezbednost vo propi{ani vremenski rokovi, vo soglasnost so nacionalnata legislativa za bezbednost na vodata za piewe. Means a body of inland water flowing for the most part on the surface of the land but which may flow underground for part of its course. Means the area of land from which all surface outflows flow through a network of streams, rivers and, possibly, lakes into the sea at a single river mouth, estuary or delta. Physical-chemical analysis of drinking water is determination of physical and chemical characteristics in water samples, taken at regular time intervals according to national legislation for drinking water safety, in order to obtain safe drinking water.

Microbiological analyses of drinking water is determination of microorganisms in water samples, taken in regular time intervals according to national legislation for drinking water safety, in order to obtain safe drinking water.

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Voda za kapewe Bathing water

Sekoja proto~na ili neproto~na voda vo koja{to kapeweto e dozvoleno od strana na nadle`niot organ ili vo koja kapeweto ne e zabraneto i tradicionalno go praktikuvaat golem broj kapa~i. Sekoja vodena masa koja ima definirani hidrolo{ki, fizi~ki, hemiski i biolo{ki karakteristiki i koja mo`e da bide iskoristena za edna ili pove}e celi.

Means all running or still fresh waters in which the bathing is explicitly authorized by the competent authorities or in which bathing is not prohibited and is traditionally practiced by a large number of bathers. Any mass of water having definite hydrological, physical, chemical and biological characteristics and which can be employed for one or several purposes.

Vodno telo Water body

8. VOZDUH I KLIMATSKI PROMENI 8. AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGES

Promena na kvalitetot na ambientniot vozduh kako rezultat na ~ovekovite dejstva so neposredno ili posredno vnesuvawe na zagaduva~ki supstancii koi{to mo`at da bidat {tetni za ~ovekovoto zdravje i `ivotnata sredina ili da predizvikaat {teta po materijalniot imot i gi naru{uvaat ili vlijaat vrz prirodnite ubavini i drugite legitimni na~ini na koristewe na `ivotnata sredina. Zatopluvawe na atmosferata {to se dol`i na namaluvawe na odbienata solarna radijacija {to nastanuva kako rezultat na koncentracijata na gasovi kako {to e jaglerod dioksidot. Ispu{tawe na zagaduva~ki supstancii vo atmosferata od stacionarni izvori kako {to se oxaci i drugi ispusti, od povr{inski izvori na komercijalni i industriski objekti, kako i od mobilni izvori, na primer, motorni vozila, lokomotivi i avioni. Ozonot e triatomska forma na kislorod (O3) i pretstavuva atmosferski gas. Vo troposferata - na nivo na zemjata - se sozdava na priroden na~in i so fotohemiska reakcija na gasovi koi se sozdavaat od ~ove~kite aktivnosti (fotohemiski smog). Vo visoki koncentracii, troposferskiot ozon mo`e da bide {teten za golem broj `ivi organizmi. Vo stratosferata ozonot se sozdava so interakcija pome|u son~evata ultravioletova radijacija (UV) i molekularniot kislorod (O2). Ozonot sozdaden vo stratosferata igra klu~na uloga vo za{titata na `ivotot na Zemjata od ultravioletovata son~eva radijacija. Shall mean change in the ambient air quality resulting from human activities, through direct or indirect input of pollutants that may be harmful for human health and the environment or cause damage on the material property or disturb or affect natural beauties and other legitimate manners of environment use.

Zagaduvawe na vozduhot Air pollution

Efekt na staklena gradina Greenhouse effect

Warming of the atmosphere due to the reduction in outgoing solar radiation resulting from concentrations of gases such as carbon dioxide. Discharge of pollutants into the atmosphere from stationary sources such as smokestacks, and other vents, and from surface areas of commercial or industrial facilities and mobile sources, for example, motor vehicles, locomotives and aircrafts. Ozone, the triatomic form of oxygen (O3), is a gaseous atmospheric constituent. In the troposphere - at ground level - it is created both naturally and by photochemical reactions involving gases resulting from human activities (photochemical smog). In high concentrations, tropospheric ozone can be harmful to a wide range of living organisms. In the stratosphere, ozone is created by the interaction between solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation and molecular oxygen (O2). Stratospheric ozone plays a decisive role in protecting life on earth from ultraviolet radiation of the sun.

Emisii vo vozduh Air emission

Ozon Ozone

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Ozonska obvivka Ozone layer Ambienten vozduh Ambient air Kvalitet na ambientniot vozduh Ambient air quality Emisija Emission

Mnogu retka atmosferska koncentracija na ozon koja se nao|a na 10 do 50 kilometri nad zemjinata povr{ina. Nadvore{en vozduh vo troposferata vo koj ne e opfaten vozduhot na rabotnoto mesto. Sostojba na ambientniot vozduh prika`ana preku stepenot na zagadenost.

Very diluted atmospheric concentration of ozone found at an altitude of 10 to 50 kilometers above the earth's surface. Shall mean outdoor air in the troposphere, excluding the air at the work place.

Shall mean state of the ambient air presented as a level of pollution.

Ispu{tawe na zagaduva~ki supstancii vo vozduhot.

Shall mean any release of pollutants in the atmosphere. Gas naturally produced by animals during respiration and through decay of biomass, and used by plants during photosynthesis. Although it only constitutes 0.04 percent of the atmosphere, it is one of the most important greenhouse gases. The combustion of fossil fuels is increasing carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere, which is believed to be contributing to global warming.

Jagleroden dioksid Carbon dioxide

Priroden gas koj nastanuva so respiracija na `iviot svet i so raspa|awe na biomasata i koj rastenijata go koristat za vreme na procesot na fotosinteza.Iako jaglerodniot dioksid pretstavuva 0,04 procenti od atmosferata, pretstavuva eden od najva`nite stakleni~ki gasovi. Sogoruvaweto na fosilnite goriva gi zgolemuva koncentraciite na jaglerod dioksid vo atmosferata za koi se veruva deka pridonesuvaat kon globalnoto zatopluvawe. Vozduhot vo zonata na di{ewe na ~ovekot.

Prizemen sloj Surface air Sulfur dioksid Sulphur dioxide

Shall mean the air within the man's inhalation zone. Heavy, pungent, colourless gas formed primarily by the combustion of fossil fuels. It is harmful to human beings and vegetation, and contributes to the acidity in precipitation. Colourless, odourless, tasteless, noncorrosive, highly poisonous gas of about the same density as that of air. Very flammable, burning in air with bright blue flame. Although each molecule of CO has one carbon atom and one oxygen atom, it has a shape similar to that of an oxygen molecule (two atoms of oxygen), which is important with regard to its lethality. (Source: PHZMAC).

Te`ok, so ostar miris, bezboen gas koj primarno se sozdava pri sogoruvawe na fosilni goriva. [teten e za ~ovekot i za vegetacijata i predizvikuva kiselost na vrne`ite. Bezboen, bez miris i vkus, nekoroziven, mnogu otroven gas so re~isi ista gustina kako i vozduhot. Silno zapalliv, vo prisustvo na vozduh gori so svetlosin plamen. Iako sekoj molekul na CO ima eden jagleroden atom i eden kisloroden atom, ima forma sli~na na molekulot na kislorodot (dvoatomski kislorod) {to e zna~ajno za negovata smrtonosnost.

Jagleroden monoksid Carbon monoxide

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Stakleni~ki gas Greenhouse gas

Gas koj predizvikuva sozdavawe na efekt na staklena gradina. Protokolot od Kjoto pokriva {est stakleni~ki gasovi koi se sozdavaat od ~ove~kite aktivnosti: jaglerod dioksid, metan, azoten oksid, fluorirani jaglevodorodi. Sekoja supstancija {to ~ovekot neposredno ili posredno ja vnesuva vo ambientniot vozduh, a za koja{to postoi verojatnost deka }e ima {tetni efekti vrz ~ovekovoto zdravje, odnosno vrz `ivotnata sredina kako celina. Gasni isfrlawa vo ambientniot vozduh {to sodr`at koli~ina na cvrsti, te~ni ili gasoviti emisii. Volumetriskite podatoci se izrazuvaat vo kubni metri na ~as pri standardna temperatura od 273 kelvini i pritisok od 101,3 kilopaskali. Promeni na temperaturata na povr{inskiot vozduh {to se narekuva i globalna temperatura, predizvikana od efektot na staklena gradina koj rezultira od emisiite na stakleni~kite gasovi vo vozduhot. Nivoto utvrdeno so cel da se izbegnat podolgoro~nite {tetni efekti vrz ~ovekovoto zdravje, odnosno `ivotnata sredina kako celina, a koe{to treba da se postigne toga{ koga e mo`no vo tekot na opredelen vremenski period.

A gas that contributes to the natural greenhouse effect. The Kyoto Protocol covers a basket of six greenhouse gases (GHGs) produced by human activities: carbon dioxide, methane, nitrogen oxide, hydrofluorocarbons. Every substance introduced directly or indirectly in the ambient air by man, for which there is a probability that it would have harmful effects on human health, that is generally on the environment.

Zagaduva~ka supstancija na vozduhot Air pollutant

Otpadni gasovi Exhaust gas

Shall mean any gas release in the ambient air containing solid, liquid or gaseous emissions. Volumetric data are expressed as cubic meters per hour at a standard temperature of 273 k and pressure of 101,3 kPa. Changes in the surface air temperature, referred to as the global temperature, brought about by the greenhouse effect which is induced by emission of greenhouse gases into the air. Shall mean the level specified for the purpose of avoiding long-term harmful effects on human health or environment as a whole, and which should be achieved when possible within a given period of time.

Globalno zatopluvawe Global warming Celna vrednost za ambientniot vozduh Target value of ambient air Katastar na zagaduva~i vo vozduhot Cadastre of air polluters and pollutants Inventar na emisii Emission inventory

Kvalitativna i kvantitativna evidencija na zagaduva~kite supstancii i izvorite na zagaduvawe koi ispu{taat zagaduva~ki supstancii vo vozduhot vo koj e vklu~ena i karta na zagaduva~ite.

Shall mean qualitative and quantitative records of pollutants and sources of pollution releasing pollutants in the air, including also a map of polluters.

Kategorizacija, po izvor, na koli~inata na zagaduva~ki supstancii vo vozduhot, ispu{tena vo atmosferata.

A listing, by source, of the amount of air pollutants discharged into the atmosphere.

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Ispust Outlet

Mesto na ispu{tawe i/ili istekuvawe na zagaduva~ki supstancii od odreden izvor na zagaduvawe vo ambientniot vozduh. Nivoto utvrdeno vrz osnova na nau~ni soznanija, so cel da se izbegnat, spre~at ili da se namalat {tetnite efekti vrz zdravjeto na lu|eto, odnosno `ivotnata sredina kako celina, a koe treba da se postigne vo daden period i {tom edna{ }e se postigne ve}e da ne se nadminuva. ^esti~ki koi{to pominuvaat niz otvor {to selektira po golemina so 50% gubewe na efikasnosta pri aerodinami~en dijametar so golemina od 10 mikrometri (10 m).

Shall mean the point of release and/or discharge of pollutants from specific source of pollution into the ambient air. Shall mean the level fixed on the basis of scientific knowledge, aimed at avoiding, preventing or reducing harmful effects on human health or environment as a whole, that should be achieved within a specified period and, once achieved, should not be exceeded. Shall mean suspended particles passing through a hole that selects by size with 50% efficiency loss at aerodynamic diameter with a size of ten micro meters (10 m).

Grani~na vrednost Limit value

Suspendirani ~esti~ki so golemina od 10 mikrometri (PM10 ) Suspended particles with a size of 10 micro meters (PM10 ) Azotni oksidi Nitrogen oxides Fugitivna emisija Fugitive emission

Zbir na azoten oksid i azot dioksid dadeni vo milijarditi delovi i izrazeni kako azot dioksid vo mikrogrami na kuben metar. Emisii koi ne se fateni od sistemot za nivno zafa}awe {to se dol`i na puknatini (istekuvawe) vo/od opremata, procesi na isparuvawe ili prisustvo na veter.

Shall mean a total of nitrogen oxide and nitrogen dioxide presented as parts of a billion and expressed as nitrogen dioxide in micrograms per cubic meter. Emissions not caught by a capture system which is often due to equipment leaks, evaporative processes and windblown disturbances.

9. ENERGIJA 9. ENERGY
Gorivo Fuel Fosilni goriva Fissile fuels Sekoj cvrst, te~en ili gasovit zapalliv materijal {to se koristi za palewe na postrojkite za sogoruvawe. Organski materii od rastitelno i `ivotinsko poteklo koi nastanale vo minatoto na Zemjata i slu`at kako izvori na energija. Takvi se jaglenot, naftata i prirodniot zemjen gas. Means any solid, liquid or gaseous combustible material used to fire the combustion plant . Organic matters of animal and plant origin that have appeared on the Earth in the past and are used as energy sources, such as coal, oil and natural ground gas.

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10. BU^AVA 10. NOISE

Bu~ava Noise Nesakan ili {teten nadvore{en zvuk sozdaden od ~ovekovite aktivnosti, vklu~uvaj}i ja bu~avata emituvana od prevozni sredstva, paten, `elezni~ki i vozdu{en soobra}aj i od mesta na industriska aktivnost. Bu~ava predizvikana od patniot soobra}aj, odnosno bu~ava od motorni vozila koi imaat najmalku ~etiri trkala i maksimalna brzina koja nadminuva 25 kilometri na ~as; bu~ava predizvikana od `elezni~kiot soobra}aj, odnosno od `elezni~ki sistem, `elezni~ki prevoz i `elezni~ka infrastruktura; bu~ava predizvikana od vozdu{en soobra}aj, odnosno bu~ava od avioni so maksimalna masa na poletuvawe od 34 000 kg ili pove}e, so maksimalen vnatre{en smestuva~ki kapacitet od nad devetnaeset patni~ki sedi{ta, isklu~uvaj}i gi sedi{tata za ekipa`ot i bu~ava predizvikana od vodniot soobra}aj, odnosno bu~ava od plovni objekti vo vnatre{nite vodi. Unwanted or harmful outdoor sound created by human activities, such as the noise emitted by means of transport, road traffic, rail traffic, air traffic, noise originating from the neighborhood, industrial sites, and economic activities. Noise generated by the road traffic i.e. motor vehicles having at least four wheels and maximal speed exceeding 25 km/h; Noise generated by the railway traffic i.e. railway system and infrastructure; Noise generated by the air traffic i.e. noise from airplanes with maximum weight of 34 000 kg or more during take-off and with maximum inner capacity of over 19 passenger seats, excluding the crew seats, and Noise generated by the water traffic i.e. noise from sail boats in landlocked waters.

Bu~ava predizvikana od soobra}aj Noise caused by traffic

Nivo na bu~ava Noise level Merni mesta Measurements points Paten soobra}aj Road traffic

Vrednosta na izmereniot zvu~en pritisok ili intenzitet, izrazena vo decibeli dB A. Sledeweto na sostojbata na bu~avata se vr{i preku merni stanici i merni mesta.

Value of the measured sound intensity expressed in decibels dB A.

Noise status monitoring is performed at measurement stations and measurement points.

Cirkulacija na motorni vozila i lu|e na patna mre`a.

Circulation of motor vehicles and people on the road network.

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Lista na kratenki List of abbreviations EA@S EEA EU EU IPPC M@SPP MoEPP IUCN GHG CDDA MDN MPL NTES NUTS Evropska agencija za `ivotna sredina European Environment Agency Evropska unija European Union Integralno spre~uvawe i kontrola na zagaduvaweto Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control Ministerstvo za `ivotna sredina i prostorno planirawe Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning Svetska unija za za~uvuvawe na prirodata International Union for Nature Conservation Stakleni~ki gasovi Greenhouse Gases Edinstvena baza na podatoci za za{titeni podra~ja Common Database on Designated Areas Maksimalno dozvoleno nivo Maximal Permit Level Nomenklatura na teritorijalni edinici za statistika Nomentclature of Statistics Territorial Units

Lista na tehni~ki kratenki List of technical abbreviations

NO, NO2, Nox O3 PM10 SO2 TSP BPK5 BOD5 dB (A) NO2 ODS

Azotmonoksid, azotsdioksid Nitrogen monoxide, nitrogen dioxide Ozon Ozone Suspendirani ~esti~ki < 10 m Suspended particle matter < 10 m Sulfur dioksid Sulphur dioxide Totalni suspendirani ~esti~ki /prav Total Suspended Particles Biohemiska potro{uva~ka na kislorod za 5 dena Biochemical oxygen demand within 5 days Decibeli (A - merena frekvencija) Decibels (A-measured frequency) Azot dioksid nitrogen dioxide Supstancii {to go osiroma{uvaat ozonot Ozone depleting substances

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CO2 ODP ha ha cm cm m2 m2 m3 m3 CH4 N 2O km2 km2 g toe GWh

Jaglerod dioksid Carbon monoxide Potencijal za osiroma{uvawe na ozonot Potential for depleating the ozone layer Hektar Hectare Centimetar Centimetre Metar kvadraten Square metre Metar kuben Cubic metre Metan Methane Diazotoksid Dinitrogenoxide Kilometar kvadraten Square kilometre Mikrogram Microgramme Ton ekvivalent na nafta (1000 toe = 1 ktoe) Tonne of Oil equivalent (1000 toe = 1 ktoe) Gigavat ~as Gigawatt hour

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