Robert Hooks [1635-1703 English scientist studies the microscopic structure of fossil wood (same as living trees)] Buffon

n [variation of species, pop increase faster than food supply, environment influences organisms, organisms adapt andchange] Carl von Linne [1707-1778 - Swedish naturalist, gave plants/animals a higher level genus (one or more species) and lower level species Homo Sapiens Systema Natura (1735) 10 editions and added more hierarchy i.e. Primates (humans, monkeys, prosimians) believed life was fixed in creation] Jean Baptiste Lamarck [1744-1839 French naturalist plants/animals not only change in form over time but do so for purpose of self-improvement life forms reproduce, they pass on their offspring the modifications they have acquired to that point] Georges Cuvier [1763-1832 French naturalist and zoologist learned the anatomy or structural makeup of many animals (pioneering paleontology and comparative anatomy) reconstructed the physical characteristics of past animals (appearance, physiology, behavior) animals became extinct due to some powerful catastrophe (earthquake or volcanic eruption) CATASTROPHISM!] James Hutton [1726-1797 became unsatisfied with Bibles story and study landscape in Scotland (wind and rain = erosion) new land surfaces creating stratas calculated Earth millions of years Natural processes operating today are the same as natural processes that happened in the past (uniformitarianism)] Charles Lyell [1797-1875 wrote about uniformitarianism and implications for explaining the history of our planet and he found mountain of evidence an undeniable record] Thomas Malthus [1766-1834 Darwin read his An Essay on the Principle of Population English political economist book argued not enough food for everyone born, so population is limited by food supply (survive those who can compete) Darwin discovered an individual characteristic could facilitate survival. ] Charles Darwin [On the Origin of Species published on 1856 (1859)] Alfred Russell Wallace [1823-1913 Wallaces theory of evolution English naturalist and explorer]

5 major . Geology study of Earth, especially with regard to its composition, activity and history [age of planet and development of its landscape] 4.6 billion years old (Hutton; latter Lyell) Paleontology study of fossils DINOSAURS 65 MYA Taxonomy classification of past and living life- forms Systematics the study of biological relationships over time Pre-Darwinian world people studies taxonomy animals where within broad groups Demography study of population, especially with regard to birth, survival, and death Evolutionary biology study of organisms and their changes VOCAB Adaptive radiation = out of one species branch closely related multiple species Endemic = navite species Genus = a group of related species Gemmules = each body part contained invisible particles Blending inheritance moms and dads gemmules intermingled to form the characteristics observed in their kids Evolutionary synthesis = a unified theory of evolution that combines genetics with natural selection Pandemic = wide regional or global spread of infectious disease