CDataRecoveryGlossary

CableSelect(CSEL)Analternativeoptionwhichcanbeusedinplaceofsetting Master/Slavejumpersinthedesignationofdrivesinadualdriveconfiguration. Master/Slavedesignationisbasedonthepositionofdrivesrelativetothecable. Specialcablingisrequiredbythesystemmanufacturertoselectivelygroundthe CSELsignalononeoftheIDEcableconnectors.Forexample,whenoneofthedrives isconnectedtothegroundedCSELconductor,itconfiguresitselfasaMaster.When theseconddriveisconnectedtotheotherconnector,onwhichCSELisnot grounded,itbecomesslave.Thiseliminatestheneedforuniquejumpring configurationbetweentheMastersandslavedrives. CacheHighspeedRAMisusedasabufferbetweentheCPUandaharddrive.The cacheretainsrecentlyaccessedinformationtospeedupsubsequentaccesstothe samedata.Whendataisreadfromorwrittentodisk,acopyissavedinacache, alongwiththeassociateddiskaddress.Thecachemonitorstheaddressesof subsequentreadoperationstoseeiftherequireddataisalreadyinthecache.Ifitis, thedrivereturnsthedataimmediately.Ifitisnotinthecache,thanitisfetched fromthediskandsavedinthecache. CapacityTheamountofinformation,measuredinbytesthatcanbestoredona harddrive.ItisalsoknownasStorageCapacity. CardAcircuitboardthatisusuallydesignedtoplugintoaconnectororslot.See alsoadapter. CARAnacronymforrewritableCDstechnologybywhichmediacanbewrittento anderasedapproximately1,000timesbeforefailure.Standard74minCDRWmedia canholdupto500MBwhenformattedforfixedlengthpacketwriting. ChannelAconnectionorsocketonthemotherboardorcontrollercard.Amother boardmayhaveoneortwochannels(primaryandSecondary).Ifyourmotherboard hasonlyonechannel,youmayneedtoaddacontrollercardtocreateasecondary channel. ChannelAssemblyInthecomputerindustry,thefinalassemblyofasystembya distributororresellerfromkits,providedbythemanufacturerandfromcomponents shippeddirectlytotheassemblerbysubsystemmakers. CleanRoomAnenvironmentallycontrolleddustfreeassemblyorrepairfacilityin whichharddiskdrivesareassembledorcanbeopenedforinternalservicing.See ourCleanRoomComponents.

ClickToclickanitemmeanstopointtoitwiththescreenpointer,andthenpress quicklyandreleasetheleftmousebuttonatonce. ClusterWindowsallocatespacetofilesinunitscalledClusters.Eachcluster containsfrom1to64sectors,dependingonthetypeandsizeoftheDisk.Aclusteris thesmallestunitofDiskspacethatcanbeallocatedfortheusagebythefiles.Ahard disktermreferstoagroupofsectors,thesmalleststorageunitrecognizedbythe DOS.Onthemostmodernharddisk,512bytesectorsmakeupacluster,andoneor moreclustersmakeupatrack. CMOSApartofthemotherboardthatmaintainsasystemvariableinstaticRAM.It alsosuppliesarealtimeclockthatkeepstrackofthedate,dayandtime.CMOS Setupistypicallyaccessiblebyenteringaspecificsequenceofkeystrokesduringthe POSTatsystemstartup. ColdBoltStartingorrestartingacomputerbyturningOnthepowersupply.See alsoWarmBoot. CommandAgingAnSCSIfeaturethatpreventsthecommandofreordering algorithmfromkeepingI/Oprocessonwaitinginthecommandqueueforthe extendedperiodoftime. CommandQueuingAfeaturethatenablesthedrivetoreceiveI/Oprocessesfrom oneormoreinitiatorsandexecutetheminanoptimumsequence. CommandReorderingAfeaturethatallowsthedrivetoreorderI/Oprocessesin thecommandqueue,whichresultsinminimizingtheseektimeandrotational latencyandthusincreasesthroughput. ContextMenuAlsocalledacontextsensitivemenu,orashortcutmenu,acontext menuincludesthecommandswhicharecommonlyassociatedwithanobjectonthe screen.Toactivateanitemscontextmenu,pointtoitwiththescreenpointer,then pressandreleasetherightmousebuttononce. ControllerSeediskcontroller,interfacecontroller,anddiskdrivecontroller. ControllerCardAnadapterwithanelectroniccontrolforoneormoreharddrives. Usuallyinstallinabusslotinthecomputer. Cookies(InternetBrowser)Holdsinformationonthetimesanddatesyouhave visitedwebsites.Otherinformationcanalsobesavedtoyourharddiskinthesetext files,includinginformationaboutonlinepurchases,validationinformationaboutyou formembersonlywebsites,andmore.

CorrectableErrorAnerrorthedrivecancorrectbyusingErrorDetectionand Correctionschemes. CPUStandsforCentralProcessingUnit,aprogrammablelogicdevicethatperforms alltheinstruction,logic,andmathematicalprocessinginacomputer. CrashAsudden,usuallydrasticfailure.Itcanbesaidoftheoperatingsystemora particularprogramwhenthereisasoftwarefailure.Also,adiskdrivecancrash becauseofhardwarefailure. CRCAcronymforCyclicRedundancyCheck.TheCRCisusedtoverifydatablock integrity.Inatypicalscheme,2CRCbytesareaddedtoeachuserdatablock.The2 bytesarecomputedfromtheuserdata,bydigitallogicalchips.Themathematical modelismadeupofpolynomialswithbinarycoefficients.Whenreadingbackdata, theCRCbytesarereadandcomparedtonewCRCbytescomputedfromtheread backblocktodetectareaderror.Thereadbackerrorcheckprocessis mathematicallyequivalenttodividingthereadblock,includingitsCRC,bya binomial.Ifthedivisionremainderiszero,thedataiserrorfree. CrosslinkedfilesTwofiles,bothrefertothesamedata. CylinderThecylindricalsurfaceformedbyidenticaltracknumbersonvertically stackeddiscs.Atanylocationoftheheadpositioningarm,alltracksunderallheads arethecylinder.Thecylindernumberisoneofthethreeaddresscomponents requiredtofindaspecificaddress.Theothertwoareheadnumberandsector number. Cylinder,Head,Sector(CHS)AddressingAmethodofreferencingthesectorsona drive,asacollectionofuniquecylinders,headandsectoraddresses.Eachblockon thedrivewillhaveauniquecylinder,headandsectoraddress. DolphinDataLabhttp://www.dolphindatalab.com/