1

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

921

9.

7
10. 7
11. 7
12. 8
13. 9
14. 10
15. 10
16. 10
17. 10
18. 11
19. 11
20. 12
12

921

21. 12
22. 14
i

23. 14

48. 34

24. 14

49. 34

16

50. 34

25. 16

35

26. 16

51. 35

27. 17

52. 38

28. 20

53. 38

29. 20

54. 41

30. 20

55. 41

31. 20

56. 41

32. 8.2 21

57. 42

33. 21

58. 42

34.

43

21

59. 43

35. 22

60. 43

36. 24

61. 44

37. 24

62. 44

38. 26

63. 45

39. 26

64. 45

26

65. 45

40. 26

66. 47

41. 26

67. 48

42. 26

68. 50

43. 27

69. 50

44. 27

52

45. 28

52

46. 29

70. 52

47. 31

71. 52

ii

iii

72. 52

98. 78

62

79

73. 62

99. 79

74. 62

100. 79

75. 62
76. 63
77. 63
78. 64
79. 64
80. 64
81. 65
82. 65
83. 67
84. 68
85. 68
86. 68
87. 69
88. 70
73
89. 73
90. 73
91. 74
92. 74
93. 75
94. 75
95. 75
96. 77
97. 77
iv

-1-

2
3
(1)crust
35
70
80 58
(2)mantle 2,900
(3)core
5,100

-2-

3.80

17

2883

3471

0.00137
0.008
0.899
0.175

1.03
2.80
4.50
10.70

6371

1.083

5.52

27

(km)

(10 cm )

27

(10 g)
0.00141
0.024
4.075
1.876
5.976

(g/cm3)

()
000.024
000.4
068.1
031.5
100.00

a = 6378160 m

b = 6356774.5161 m

GM = 3.9861014m3/s2

= 7.292115146710-5rad/s

= 5.5145g/cm3
-3-

M = 5.9761027 g

5
G

GE = 978.03184558cm/s2

Gp = 983.21772792cm/s2
G
G
mantle G
1021cm/s2

G = 978.03185(10.005278895sin2
0.000023462sin4)cm/s2

6
73N100W
68S146E
1500
1922 1945

-4-

(SI )
(tesla,T)
(
92 6 13 09204608060
)

1T=1Wb/m21T=104Ggauss,CGS
70T
60T

25T 30T
(1=10-4)

(2)albedo

0.29
(3)
(4)
(5)

30
1 1/30m 6.7
1 1/6.7m

(1)
-5-

-6-



9
(Seismology) Seismos
(earthquake) logos (Science)

12

10

(1)(2)(3)

(dislocation)
(elastic waves)
(seismic waves

11

-7-

-8-

13
(1)(hypocenter)
(2)(epicenter)

-9-

- 10 -

14
030
(very shallow earthquake) 3070
(shallow earthquake) 70300
(intermediate earthquake) 300700
(deep earthquake)

15
300

1000

16

(foreshock)

(aftershock)

17

(1)(local earthquake)
100
(2)(small-felt-area earthquake)
100 200
- 11 -

- 12 -

(3)(moderate earthquake)
200 300
(4)(remarkable earthquake)
300

18

1930 1 28

150

20

(1)(Foreshock)

(2)(Main Shock)

(3)(Aftershock)

(4)(Swarm Earthquakes)

1940

21

(pseudoseisms)

(1)(body wave)

1 P primary wave

2 S shear wave or secondary wave

(2)(surface wave)

1 (love wave)

2 (rayleigh wave)

- 13 -

- 14 -

19

22

P
S

(trapped wave)

23

(dispersion)

24

P
- 15 -

- 16 -

 1 2 103 P
103 P
P 143
103 143
P
(shadow zone)

25
(Magnitude)

26

(ML) 1935

(Wood-Anderson torsion seismometer) 0.8

2800 0.8 100
10-6 m

ML = logA-logA0
A=
m 1m= 10-6 m
A0=

ML=0
MLmb
Ms
AT
mb = log(A/T)+Q() Q()
AT

Ms = log(A/T)+alog+b
ab
- 17 -

- 18 -

27

21

(Moment
magnitude scale,Mw)
:
Mw = (2/3)log10M0-6
M0

(Richter
magnitude scale) (local
magnitude,ML) 1935
-
(Wood-Anderson torsion seismometer)

6.5

7.5

600

(surface waves magnitude,MS)

(body waves magnitude,mb

(U.S.
Geological Survey,USGS)
3.5

- 19 -

- 20 -

M0=DS

(rigidity shear
modulus)

D ()

 1.78 178

(USGS)

1999/09/21 01:47

7.3

7.7

2002/03/31 14:52

6.8

7.1

2003/12/10 12:38

6.6

6.8

2005/03/06 03:06

5.9

5.8

28

10

29
(Gutenberg)
logE = 11.8+1.5ML

30

30

31

2.5
4.5
7.0
- 21 -

- 22 -

32 8.2

8.2 1000

33
3.0
3.0 5.0
5.0 7.0
7.0

34M

(1)M 9.0
5
(2)M 8.0 8.9

1900

(3)M 7.0 7.9

1900 18

(4)M 6.0 6.9

- 23 -

1900 120
(5)M 5.0 5.9
1900 800
(6)M 4.0 4.9
M 4.0 1900
6,200
(7)M 3.0 3.9
1900 49,000
(8)M 2.0 2.9
1900
1,000
(9)M 1.0 1.9
1900 8,000

(10)M 1.0

35
(intensity)

- 24 -

(cm/s2 ,Gal)

0.8
0

0.8~2.5
1

2.5~8.0
2

8~25

3

25~80

4

80~250
5

250~400
6

400
7

- 25 -

36

(Weber-Fechner)
I cm/s2
I

logI = (I/2)-0.6

37

1999

- 26 -

38

39

40

41

42

- 27 -

- 28 -

(damping)

43
4
(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(2)

45

(1)
(2)
(3)

44

(1)

- 29 -

- 30 -

46
(1)

AEW = P E-W (E W )
ANS = P N-S N S

TP T0

VP

( TP =P )

TS T0

VS

( TS =S )

AEW
ANS

tan 1

TS TP (

TS TP
1
1
( )
VS VP

1
1
)
VS V P
T0

TPVP TSVS
V P VS

OB
B
OA A

(2) 3
Vp P
Vs S To
- 31 -

(3)

- 32 -

47
1989

CWBSN

1997

2000

- 33 -

- 34 -

48
80

166167

49

50

75 5 20
6.2 11 15
- 35 -

- 36 -

 6.8

81

51
(plate tectonics)

(lithosphere) 100
(asthenosphere)

36

- 37 -

3
(1)(divergent boundaries)
(mid-ocean ridge)

100
(2)(convergent boundaries)

3045

(subduction zone)

700

(3)(conservative boundaries)

- 38 -

52

(1)(Circum-Pacific seismic belt)

(2)(Eurasia seismic belt)

(Mediterranean seismic belt)

(3)(Mid-ocean-ridge seismic belt)

(4)

53
3 39
(1)

10

- 39 -

- 40 -

(2)

300
(3)

- 41 -

- 42 -

54

19912006 16
18,500
1,000
1999
921 49,919
3,228
1901 97

55

9 1
6 9
6 11 23
1011 67 12
12

56

- 43 -

57

24 53
88

58
88 9 21
88 12
88 8878473

0.33g
0.23g

- 44 -

94.12.21 0940087319

95 1 1

(http://www.cpami.gov.tw/web/index.php?option=com_content&task=view
&id=976&Itemid=95)

59

60

1906 3 17
13
240 180

1935 4 21
10 20
150 3

1941 12 17

2,500
- 45 -

1946 12 5
12 220 200

1999 9 21
100 7
4

61

62

1941 12 17 4 19

7 800 160 1999

9 21 1 47
3 50

63

- 46 -

(1)
1896 29 6 15
200

19
33
10,370
27,000

19 50
20

24
30
(2)
1755 11 1

Tagus 9

50

4 6

2
60
58

(3)

- 47 -

- 48 -

500 650

64

g h h g

500 1,000 30 60

65

 22
3,300
9
35

2 2.4
1.5 1.8
350

32.5
50

36,400

(4) 2004
2004 12 26 00:58()
9.0

67

1661
6
(1)(Herport)1661 1
6 30
23

3
3

(2)12
1721 1 5

(3)

(1781)

- 49 -

- 50 -

66

(4)1792

(5)(Alvarez)(Formosa)
1866 10 16 8 20

(6)1867 12 18 15

6 1867

68
50

7.0 35

69

I
II

- 51 -

- 52 -

III

70
1901 2006 97

71

1935 4 21 6 2
3 24.4
120.8
10 150 60
20
3
3,276 12,053 17,907
11,405 25,376
1999 9
21 1 47
9 23.9 120.8
100
7 4
2,456 10,718 53,661
53,024

72

- 53 -

- 54 -

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

- 55 -

1901

120E

No.

24.7
1 1901 27 6 7 8 5
121.8
23.5
2 1904 30 4 24 14 39
120.3
23.6
3 1904 30 11 6 4 25
120.3
24.2
4 1905 31 8 28 12 22
121.7
23.6
5 1906 32 3 17 6 43
120.5
23.7
6 1906 32 3 26 11 29
120.5
23.7
7 1906 32 4 4 20 42
120.5
23.4
8 1906 32 4 7 12 52
120.4
23.4
9 1906 32 4 14 3 18
120.4
23.7
10 1908 34 1 11 11 35
121.4
25.0
11 1909 1 4 15 3 54
121.5
24.0
12 1909 1 5 23 18 44
120.9

*(www.nfa.gov.tw)

5.6

6.1

10

13

145

158

303

6.1

6.0

7.1

1258

2385

3643

5.0

4.9

57

66

152

688

906

661 1112

2067

3840

6769 3633 10585 20987

29

43

84

99

20

6.6

15

10

7.3

80

7.3

63

1 11 21 15 36

14 1910

4 12 8 22

15 1913

1 8 6 50

16 1916

8 28 15 27

17 1916

5 11 15 6 31

18 1917

1 5 0 55

19 1917

1 7 2 8

20 1918

3 27 11 52

21 1920

6 5 12 21

22 1922 11

9 2 3 16

23 1922 11

9 15 3 31

24 1922 11

9 17 6 44

58

486

5.3

13 1909

13

558
5

76

1794 2116

51

60

122

252

10

32

78

7 52
7921 11831

4
8

187

798

346

25 1922 11 10 15 7 47
26 1922 11 12 2 11 46

1172
27 1922 11 12 13 19 26

5.9

- 56 -

42

24.4
121.8
25.1
122.9
24.0
121.6
24.0
121.0
24.1
120.9
24.0
121.0
23.9
120.9
24.6
121.9
24.0
122.0
24.5
122.2
24.6
122.3
23.9
122.5
24.6
122.3
24.6
122.0
24.6
122.1

20

7.3

200

14

25

14

53

8.3

13

57

72

6.4

2
5499 14

45

6.8

16

159

175

614

954

3931

20

6.2

20

21

97

200

772

1069

6.2

54

85

139

130

230

395

755

5.5

21

21

187

221

277

685

6.2

20

8.3

20

25

273

277

980

1530

20

7.6

12

14

22

139

175

20

7.2

24

24

365

413

6.0

195

203

14

14

33

34

13

13

20

5.9

6.0

5.5

- 57 -

28 1923 12

2 28 18 12

29 1923 12

3 5 8 10

30 1923 12

5 4 18 41

31 1923 12

9 29 14 51

32 1925 14

6 14 13 38

33 1927 16

8 25 2 9

34 1930 19 12 8 16 01
35 1930 19 12 22 8 08
36 1931 20

1 24 23 02

37 1934 23

8 11 6 18

38 1935 24

4 21 6 02

39 1935 24

5 5 7 02

40 1935 24

5 30 3 43

41 1935 24

6 7 10 51

42 1935 24

7 17 0 19

24.6
122.0
24.5
121.8
23.3
120.3
22.8
121.1
24.1
121.8
23.3
120.3
23.3
120.4
23.3
120.4
23.4
120.1
24.8
120.8
24.4
120.8
24.5
120.8
24.1
120.8
24.2
120.5
24.6
120.7

43 1935 24

9 4 9 38

44 1936 25

8 22 14 51

45 1939 28 11 7 11 53

5.7

5.5

75

81

46 1941 30 12 17 3 19

339

339

47 1943 32 10 23 0 01

63

74

214

225

984

1423

48 1943 32 11 3 0 51

20

5.6

20

6.5

20

6.1

10

6.5

20

5.6

6.5

7.1

10

6.0

20

5.6

20

5.7

30

6.2

11
4

25

29

49

277

172

14

14

121

424

2295
698

11

165
498

2840

698
18

3276 12053 15329 17907 11405 25376 54688

38

44

- 58 -

38

391

435

28

98

473

24

16

174

1734 1850

4037

49 1943 32 11 24 5 51
50 1943 32 12 2 13 9
51 1944 33

2 6 1 20

52 1946 35 12 5 6 47
-

53 1951 40 10 22 5 34

599 -

54 1951 40 10 22 11 29

26 -

55 1951 40 11 25 2 50

195
7621 -

56 1955 44

4 4 19 11

57 1957 46

2 24 4 26

22.5
121.5
22.0
121.2
24.4
120.8
23.4
120.5
23.8
121.5
24.0
121.8
24.0
121.7
22.5
121.5
23.8
121.4
23.1
120.3
23.9
121.7
24.1
121.7
23.2
121.4
21.8
120.9
23.8
121.8

50

50

10

15

10

20

20

7.2

30

7.1

10

5.8

12

7.1

358

733

1091

6.2

114
3

114

20

4520 6910
1

24

148

4176 15606
148

5.0

87

5.7

479

479 78

40

6.1

423 36

6.4

6.1

74

482

556

7.3

68

856

932

7.1

36

7.3

17

326

343

1016

582

1598

6.8

22

30

141

193

30

7.3

12

23

44

64

15

30

30

11

- 59 -

11

14

139

55

229

380

1954 2084

87

4038

2382

390

108

58 1957 46 10 20 2 28
59 1959 48

4 27 4 41

60 1959 48

8 15 16 57

61 1959 48

8 17 16 25

62 1959 48

8 18 8 34

63 1959 48

9 25 10 37

64 1963 52

2 13 16 50

65 1963 52

3 4 21 38

66 1963 52

3 10 10 53

67 1964 53

1 18 20 4

68 1964 53

2 17 13 50

69 1965 54

5 18 1 19

70 1966 55

3 13 0 31

71 1967 56 10 25 8 59
72 1972 61

1 25 10 07

23.7
121.5
24.1
123.0
21.7
121.3
22.3
121.2
22.1
121.7
22.1
121.2
24.4
122.1
24.6
121.1
24.5
121.9
23.2
120.6
23.2
120.6
22.5
120.8
24.2
122.7
24.4
122.1
22.5
122.3

10

6.6

150

7.7

20

7.1

16

35

40

5.6

98

15

6.1

85

101

9
1214 1375

13

2589

3
32

73 1972 61

74 1978 67 12 23 19 23
*

4 24 17 57

75 1982 71

1 23 22 11

76 1986 75

5 20 13 25

37
77 1986 75 11 15 5 20

50
50

16

19
43

50

26

58

120

10

6.5

47

7.3

6.4

6.1

28

37

68

15

18

12

1
3

106

759 10924 30041

78 1990 79 12 13 11 1

79 1990 79 12 14 3 49
80 1991 80

6.3

10

5.9

21

6.5

21

70

91

42

7.8

11

15

24

14

38

20

6.1

21

38

59

33

7.3

14

422 4223

40965

*
()

18

- 60 -

653

4645

3 12 14 4

81 1992 81

4 20 2 32

82 1992 81

5 29 7 19

83 1993 82 12 16 5 49

23.5
121.4
23.3
122.1
24.0
121.6
24.1
121.6

4
81

12

15

24.0 10
121.8
23.9
121.5
23.9
121.8
23.2
120.1
23.8
121.6
23.1
121.4
23.2
120.5

10

30

15

6.9

17

22

6.8

6.5

16

6.2

15

6.8

13

45

58

37

33

6.5

11

6.7

12.3

5.9

15.1
5

10

8.1

5.6

13.7

5.4

12.5

5.7

98
1

84 1994 83

6 5 9 9

24.4 34.8
121.8

5.3

6.5

85 1995 84

2 23 13 19

24.2
16.6
121.69

21.7

5.8

13

15

- 61 -

50

24

148
1

70
*
2/3

14

25 1 2
25
*


24.61

121.67
11.1

86 1995 84

6 25 14 59

87 1998 87

23.5
7 17 12 51
14.6
120.66

88 1999 88

9 21 1 47

89 1999 88 10 22 10 18
90 2000 89

5 17 11 25

91 2000 89

6 11 2 23

92 2002 91

3 31 14 52

93 2002 91

5 15 11 46

94 2003 92 12 10 12 38
95 2004 93

5 1 15 56

23.85
7.0
120.82

23.52
120.42 2.2

24.19
8.6
121.1

23.9
21.4
121.11

24.14

122.19
55.8

24.65
5.2
121.87

23.07
4.9
121.4

24.08
121.53 6.9

39.9

2.8

6.5

6.2

8.0

7.3

16.6

6.4

9.7

5.6

16.2

28

33

18

165

2415 11305 13710 51711 53768

183 *

105479 80 *

()

4 1 18 2

2006 95 12 26 20 26
97
2006 95 12 26 20 34
98 2009 98 11 5 17 32
99 2009 98 12 19 21 02

100 2010 99

11

6.7

40

42

13.8

6.8

269

274

8.5

6.2

17.7

6.4

15

21.6

5.3

- 62 -

69

96 2006 95

262

62

262

3 4 8 18

22.88
7.0
121.08

21.69
38.4
120.56

21.97
33.1
120.42

23.79

120.72
10.1

23.79
21.4
121.66

22.97
17.1
120.71

7.2

6.2

44.1

7.0

15

37

14

21

42

44

*
*

2
50.2

7.0

24.1

6.2

43.8

6.9

14

14

22.6

6.4

96

96

6 *

37

- 63 -


73

(mechanism)

(1)(2)(3)

(4)(5)
(6)(7)(8)
(9)

(geodesic method)

1964

(Radon)

- 64 -

- 65 -

74
1991 2006
18,500
51

75


1969
0.2% 2%

1973

12%

78

79
76

77

- 66 -

80

- 67 -

(1)

1962

90

3
4

5
6

7
8

9
1965

30

(2)
1964

1964

(3)

1972 7 26
(Soviet Research
Institute) 1973 1976
3 4
4,000

- 68 -

- 69 -

(San Andreas fault)

81

15%

82

400 800 30

(Gaylord R. Miller) 1972 11 21

(ILGG)(S. L. Solviev)

83

84

(1).
(2)
(3)

(4)

85

(1)

(2)

(3)
(4)

(5)

86
- 70 -

- 71 -

87

(1)

(2)

100
- 72 -

15
25

10

88

- 73 -

89

200
8.5 9.0
500 1,000

8.5 9.0 10
9.0
5

90

- 74 -

- 75 -

91

92

- 76 -

93

4.5

94

95

- 77 -

96

1906 4 18
13 12
8.3
390 4

97

- 78 -

(1)

(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)

(7)

(8)
(9)
- 79 -

98
(1)

(2)

(3)
(4)
(5)

(6)
(7)

(8)

- 80 -

99

022349-1102

100

- 81 -

64
http://www.cwb.gov.tw
(02)2349-1168

209 1
http://www.govbooks.com.tw
(02)2518-0207

6
http://www.wunanbooks.com.tw
(04)2226-0330

97 11
27
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