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4403 Semester! 2010
THE UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY
Faculty of Engineering
AMME2301l5301-MECHANICS OF SOLIDS 1
Duration: 2 hours
Reading time: 10 mins
page lof4
SEAT Number ______ _
FULL NAME ______ _
SID ______ _
INSTRUCTION TO CANDIDATES
Closed book examination
Non programmable calculator may be used.
Attempt all questions
Ql (25 marks)
A pin connected structure is pinned and supported as shown in figure 1, (dimensions are
not to scale). Member CD is rigid; A is a stainless steel bar [=210 GPa, a=II.9(1 0-6)1C
and has a cross sectional area of 1100mm2]; and B is an aluminum alloy bar [= 73 GPa,
a=22.5(10-6)1C and has a cross sectional area of 1400 mm
2
]. Initially, CD is horizontal
and bars A and B are unstressed. If the temperature of the system is increased by 38C
determine
1. The axial stress O'A in the steel bar A.
2. The change in length OB in the aluminum bar B.
IIII
/ / / /
,
'I
B A
f20c
90cm
m
/
C D
/
/
90cm f50cm
'.'
60cm
Figure 1
Page 1 of4
4403
Semester! 20 JO page 2 of 4
Q2 (25 marks)
The beam ABeD is loaded as shown in figure 2a; it has a cross section shown in figure
2b.
1. Draw a shear diagram and a moment diagram for the beam ABeD.
2. Determine the maximum tensile and compress stress and the maximum shear
stress in the beam ABeD.
15cm
5cm
!
i
I
I
t
5cm
""N
Fig.2a Fig.2b
Figure 2
Page 2 of4
Slope and Dkplgcemellt bv Integratum
d'y
El fix' = -w{x)
d'
E1-{=V(x)
dx
d 1
EI-?=M(x)
fix
6=dY
fix
y= elastic curve deflection
w{x )=Ioad on the beam
V(x) = shear force in the beam
M{x) .. the internal moment in the beam
() = slope of the eJastic curve of the beam
E= the material's modulus of elasticity
[= beam's moment-of inenia computed about the neutral axis.
Mai:aulay Functions
( )
e {O forx<a
X-Q =
- (x-a)"

S,lope and Difplgcenrent by the Moment-Area Method
THBOREMJ
Angle between the tgggeAA at till" 2 points on the ehydc guye
eguqls the area under the MlEI diagrqm between these twg points.
THBOREM2
Tangent gtA on the eWOc curve with respect (plhe tangent
Wended (ram B equals to the m0met!1 u(the areg undgMIE[
diagram. This mutnen{ is CDmplfled abaut A where the vertical
Ikvlplion is tu be determined.
Buckling of Columns
n!EI
p =--
<r L2
1f' E
(f =--
er (Llr'f
Pa = maximumaxial load
11.. = critical stress
B = modulus of elasticity for the material
I least moment of inertia for the column'$ cross-sectional area
L" unsupported length oflhe column
r'" smallest radius of gyration of the column
Ur = slenderness ratio
Columns Having Various Tepes o(Supoorls
tr'EI
p ... = (KLf
1l'E
(1" =---
.. (KLlr)'
L.=KL
K = dimensionless coefficient
Le= effective-length faClor,
Centroid of an Area
i,AxdA l,AydA
X= J;dA Y.=
Composite area
L;.4
x= -
L.4
Moment of inertia for an area
1,.I.y'dA 1,.1.,,'14
. Polar moment of inertia
10 =f .. r' dA<=I.+ly
Moment of inertia of some uniformshapes
Y,
h ---x
I. =bh'/12
x
M=resultant internal moment, determined from method of sections
IU1d equations of equilibrium, and computed about the I!eutr8I axis of
thecross sec:tion.
/- momenc ofinenia of the cross-sectional area computed about the
neutral axis ."
f= intennediate distance from the neutral axis to the point where the
bendingSIress is to be determined.
Composite Beams
El
n=-
E2
IF transfurmation factor
E,- modulus of elasticity of material I
Et" modulus of elasticity of material 2
TrallSVerse Shear
VQ
T=-
It
1"""$bear stress in the member at the point located a distance
y' Iiom the neutral axis. This stress is assumed to be constant and
Ihcrefore IIVCfII8ed aaoss the width tofthe member.
V=intemal resultant shear force. determined from the method of
sections and equations of equilibrium.
/ .. moment of inertia of the entire cross- sectional area computed
about the neutral axis.
t = the width of the member's cross-sectional area. Measured at the
point r is to be determined.
Q- J..4'YdIf' = f'A'
A' =is the top (or bottom) portion ofthc member's crosHeCtional
8IC8, defined Iiom the section where t is measured.
y' = is thedistance to the centroid of A'. measured fiom the
ncucral axis.
7'1IiIt-1WdIedPretllUre Vessels
Cplltulrlg/ "auis
Pr
0"1 =-;"
Pr
<"2 =;
0'1 , CT2" the noonal stress in the hoopand loongtudinal dir=ions
respectively. Each is assumed to be constant through out thewall of
the cylinder. and each subjests the material 10
P-Ihe inf@maIpn:ssuredC't'eloped by thecontained sas or fluid.
. r - inner radius of theqtlinder.
t= thiclatess of the wall r I t 10
SplurlClll ygt4!
CT,,+CT, CT,,-U,
CT.. = --Y-+-a-cos20 +"t.,. sIIl19
CT +CT ull
Cl .. -"--' ..,--' cos19+f" sin19
T 2 2. .,
0',,-0', . .,,,
"t.y =--a-sm28+f"qCOS.w
0"1,2 '" principle streI$eS (maximumand minimum in-plane stresses)
Bp =orientation of the planes of maximumand minimumnormal
stress
-(0' -CT )12
tan28 - " ,
"toll'
(}s - orientationof the planes of maximumshear stress
.. ... -
J( .... -,,'")'
- -,--
..
4403 Semester!. 2010 page 3 of4
Q3 (25 marks)
A segment of a crank-shaft in a vehicle is presented as shown in figure 3. Two loads P
act as shown, one parallel to the (-xo) axis and another parallel to the Zo axis; each load
P=1.0 kN. The crank shaft dimensions are b}=80mm, b2=120 mm and b3=40mm. The
diameter of the upper shaft is d=20mm.
1. Determine the maximum tensile; compressive, and shear stress at point A, which
is located on the surface of the upper shaft at the Zo axis.
2. Determine the maximum tensile; compressive, and shear stress at point B, which
is located on the surface of the upper shaft at the Yo axis.
P= 1.0 kN
p= l.OkN
Figure 3
Page 3 of4
4403 Semester I, 2010 page 4 of 4
Q4 (25 marks)
A beam ABC is fixed at end A (built in) and supported by beam DE as shown in figure 4.
Both beams have the same cross section and are made of the same material. Determine
1. All reactions due to the load p
2. The numerical value of the largest bending moment in beam ABC.
p
A
Figure 4
END OF PAPER
Page 4 of4
USEFUL FORMULA
Normal Stress
(J' ==P/ A
avg
eT avg = Normal stress
P- internal resultant normal force
A "" area normal to the force at that section
Shear Stress
'Cavg =v/ A
'r avg = Average shear stress
V = shear force
A = area tangent to the force at that section
Flador of sarety
F.s. = 0' loll 10' oll<1W
F.s. = T fail I Tallow
F.s. = Plo" I PO/IOW
Stl'aia
&=oIL
e =srain
o = change in length
L = Original length
Hookc'sLaw
0" = E&
6-Young'smodutus
81rain energy density
AU 1
U= - =-(5'8
AY 2
If.- SIrain energy density
Poissou's Ratio
It,.,
V=- -
Shearmpdglus ofl!UzsIicl!y G .
r
G=-
r
r = shear strain
also
E
G=
2(1+u)
Elastic deformation of l!Xially loaded member
o=PLIAE
o = displacement of one point on a bar relative another point.
L= original distancebetween the points.
P= internal force
A=cross-sectiollal area
=: modulus of elasticity of the malerial.
Themtlll Stress
Or =aATL
a '" linear coefficient ofthennal expansion
!3T ==algebraic change in temperature of the member
L" original length of the member
Or'" algebraic change in length of the member.
Castigliano's led Tbeorem applied to trosses
A : L ~ ~ ~
D.. = joint displacement of the truss
P= eKWnal force of variable magnitude applied to the truss joint in
the direction of 1:1.
N=intemal axial force in the member caused by both the force P and
the load on the truss.
Lclength of the member.
A-cross-seetional area of a member
E= modulus of elasticity of the material.
romon formulas of a Circular shaft >
Shear stress
Tp
-r=-
,J
T "'shear stress in the shaft
7=the resultant torque acting at the cros.s section.
P = radial position of the element
J= polar moment of inertiaof the cross-sectional area.
Angle o(twist
n
>(/= ;;
'" =angle of twist of one end of the shaft with respect to the other
end, measured in radians
T= internal torque
J=!he shaft's polar moment of inertia.
G=shear modulus of elasticity for the material.
Bending F0mt81as (or Beams gl!dShafq
tff
- =-w(x)
dX
dM
- =V
dX
w=distribute loading on the shaft
V=shear force >
M=bending moment
MY
a-=--
I
0' 9'IOm1a1 stress in the member