Spec Proc

San Beda College of Law
100
MEMORY AID Ng
IN
REMEDIAL LAW
SPECIAL PROCEEDINGS
SPECIAL PROCEEDINGS - A remedy by which a party seeks to establish a status, a right or a particular fact. (Rule 1, Section 3 JURISDICTION GENERAL RULE: Regional !rial "ourt EXCEPTION: #!" has $urisdiction in the following cases% 1. &robate proceedings whether testate or intestate where the gross 'alue of the estate does ()! e*ceed &3++,+++ or &,++,+++ in #etro #anila, -."/0S12- of interest, damages of whate'er kind, attorney3s fees, litigation e*penses and costs. 4. 5-/-6A!-5 70R1S51"!1)( 8 in "adastral and /and Registration "ases co'ering lots where there is no contro'ersy or opposition or contested lots where the 'alue of which does not e*ceed & 1++!. 8 appeal is taken to the "A, not to the R!" since #!" is e9ual to R!" in this instance. 3. S&-"1A/ 70R1S51"!1)( 8 petitions for writ of :abeas "orpus in case of absence of R!" $udges. S" and "A ha'e original $urisdiction o'er :abeas "orpus cases, concurrent with the R!". ORDINARY ACTION
to protect or enforce a right or pre'ent or redress a wrong in'ol'es two or more parties go'erned by ordinary rules supplemented by special rules
heard by courts of general $urisdiction 1nitiated by a pleading and parties respond through an answer
by ordinary rules
heard by courts of limited $urisdiction 1nitiated by means of a petition and parties respond by means of an opposition
DIFFERENT MODES OF SETTLEMENT OF ESTATE OF DECEASED PERSON 1. -*tra$udicial Settlement of -state (Section 1, Rule ;, 4. &artition (Rule <= 3. Summary Settlement of -state of Small 2alue (Section 3, Rule ;, ,. &robate of >ill (Rule ;? to ;= ?. &etition for letters of Administration in cases of 1ntestacy (Rule ;= PROCEDURE PROCEEDINGS IN SETTLEMENT
&robate of the >ill if any (Rule ;? 8;<
1ssuance of /etters !estamentary@Administration (A special administrator may be appointed (Rule ;;-A+
SPECIAL PROCEEDING
in'ol'es the establishment of the right, status or fact may in'ol'e only one party go'erned by special rules supplemented
Ciling of "laims (Rule A<
&ayment of "laims Sale@#ortgage@-ncumbrance of &roperties of the -state
5istribution of Residue, if any (But this can be made e'en before payment if a bond is filed by the heirs
REMEDIAL LAW COMMITTEE

CHAIRPERSON: Jinky Ann Uy ASST. CHAIRPERSONS: Allen Farias, Maricris Oronea E PS: Mar!essa N"ylan, C#arissi$ae %en!"ra, Jocelyn &a'ala SU(JECT HEA S: Jona O'ia )Ci*il Proce+"re,- Alnai.a Hasi$an )S/ecial Ci*il Ac!ions an+ S/ecial Procee+in0s,- Jeenice +e Sa0"n )Cri$inal Proce+"re,- Elaine Mas"ka! )E*i+ence,

101
MEMORY AID
RULE 73 VENUE AND PROCESS VENUE 1(:AB1!A(! )C &:1/1&&1(-S (whether citiDen or alien 8 "ourt of pro'ince@city where he resides at the time of death. 1(:AB1!A(! )C C)R-16( ")0(!RE 8 R!" of any pro'ince wherein he had his estate. Residence means his personal, actual or physical habitation, his actual residence or place of abode. (Fule vs. CA, L-40502, Nov. 29, 1976) !"e#e es$%$e &' dece%sed (e#s&ns se$$)ed* (Sec.1 + ,INDS OF SETTLEMENT A. -.!RA7051"1A/ S-!!/-#-(! -R.)e 7/0 Sec$i&n 12 B. 7051"1A/ S-!!/-#-(! - !estate or 1ntestate &roceedings instituted in the country where decedent has his residence EXTENT OF JURISDICTION &robate courts are courts of /1#1!-5 $urisdiction. 1t may only determine and rule upon issues relating to the settlement of the estate, namely% 1. administration of the estateF 4. li9uidation of the estateF and 3. distribution of the estate. GENERAL RULE: &robate court cannot determine issue of ownership. EXCEPTIONS: 1. &ro'isionally, ownership may be determined for the purpose of including property in in'entory, without pre$udice to its final determination in a separate actionF or 4. >hen all the parties are heirs and they submit the issue of ownership to the probate court pro'ided that the rights of third parties are not pre$udiced. (Bernardo vs. CA, L18148, Fe . 28, 196!)
IN
REMEDIAL LAW
EXAMPLES OF OT3ER 4UESTIONS !3IC3 T3E PRO5ATE COURT CAN DETERMINE 1. >ho are the heirs of the decedentF 4. !he recognition of a natural childF 3. !he 'alidity of disinheritance effected by the testatorF ,. Status of a woman who claims to be the lawful wife of the decedentF ?. !he 'alidity of a wai'er of hereditary rightsF <. !he status of each heirF ;. >hether property in in'entory is con$ugal or e*clusi'e property of deceased spouseF A. All other matters incidental or collateral to the settlement and distribution of the estate. PRINCIPLE OF EXCLUSIONARY RULE !he court first taking cogniDance of the settlement of the estate of the decedent, shall e*ercise $urisdiction to the e*clusion of all other courts. !he probate court ac9uires $urisdiction from the moment the petition for the settlement is filed with said court. 1t cannot be di'ested of such $urisdiction by the subse9uent acts of the parties as by entering into e*tra$udicial partition of the estate ("andoval vs. "an#$a%o, 88 &'(L 784 F or filing another petition for settlement in a proper court of concurrent 'enue ()e Bor$a vs. *an, 77 &+$l 872). EXCEPTION: -stoppel by /A":-S 7urisdiction under Rule ;3 Sec. 1 does ()! relate to $urisdiction per se but to 'enue. :ence, institution in the court where the decedent is neither an inhabitant or ha'e his estate may be wai'ed. (,r$ar#e vs. CF(, L-219!8-!9, -a. 29, 1970) 1mproper 'enue must be seasonably raised. (/use $o v. /use $o, 100 &'(L 59!)


102
MEMORY AID
REMEDY IF T3E VENUE IS IMPROPERLY LAID )R51(ARE A&&-A/ not certiorari or mandamus 0(/-SS want of $urisdiction appears on the record of the case. R!" may issue writs and processes. (Sec.3, Rule ;3 GENERAL RULE: &robate court cannot issue writs of e*ecution. Reason% its orders usually refer to the ad$udication of claims against the estate which the e*ecutor@administrator may satisfy without the need of e*ecutory process. EXCEPTIONS: -."/0S12(e01ress$o un$us es# e02lus$o al#er$us 1. !o satisfy the contributi'e share of the de'isees, legates and heirs when the latter had entered prior possession o'er the estate. (Sec. <, Rule AA 4. !o enforce payment of the e*penses of partition. (Sec. 3, Rule =+ !"e#e $"e es$%$e se$$)ed .(&n diss&).$i&n &' 6%##i%ge (Sec.4 0pon the death of either the husband or the wife, the partnership affairs must be li9uidated in the testate or intestate proceedings of the deceased husband or wife. 1f both ha'e died, li9uidation may be made in the testate or intestate proceedings of either. RULE 7/ SUMMARY SETTLEMENT OF ESTATE GENERAL RULE: 1f a person dies, his estate is submitted to a $udicial settlement proceeding. EXCEPTION: !he heirs may resort to% 1. -*tra$udicial settlement of estateF or 4. Summary settlement of estate 8 must be conducted in accordance with regular procedure ()! under rules of summary procedure. (Regalado 1n these e*ceptions an administrator or e*ecutor need not be appointed.
IN
REMEDIAL LAW
EXTRAJUDICIAL SETTLEMENT 5Y AGREEMENT 5ET!EEN 3EIRS (Sec.1 Re7.isi$es% A. Substanti'e 1. !he decedent left a no will b no debts 4. !he heirs are all of age or the minors are represented by their $udicial or legal representati'es dul. au#+or$3ed 4or #+e 1ur1ose B. &rocedural 1. 5i'ision of estate must be in a &0B/1" 1(S!R0#-(! or by ACC15A21! of A57051"A!1)( $n #+e 2ase o4 a sole +e$r. 4. Ciled with proper Registry of 5eeds 3. &ublication of notice of the fact of e*tra$udicial settlement once a week for 3 ")(S-"0!12- >GS. ,. Bond filed e9ui'alent to the 'alue of &-RS)(A/ property. !he bond is re9uired only when personalty is in'ol'ed or the real estate is sub$ect to a lien in fa'or of creditors, heirs or other persons for the full period of 4 years from such distribution and such lien cannot be substituted by a bond. !he bond is the 'alue of the personal property certified by the parties under oath and ")(51!1)(-5 upon payment of $ust claims filed under Sec. ,, Rule ;,. 5OND 1. e9ui'alent to the 'alue of personal property 4. certified by parties under oath by an affida'it 3. conditioned upon the payment of $ust claims filed under Sec. ,. 1f they cannot agree to the manner of partition among themsel'es, they may resort to )rdinary Action of &artition. 1f despite the institution of such action they subse9uently arri'ed at an agreement, they may enter into the corresponding stipulation and register


103
MEMORY AID
the same with the Register of 5eeds. (Regalado Is % P.8)ic Ins$#.6en$ necess%#9 '&# $"e :%)idi$9 &' %n e;$#%<.dici%) se$$)e6en$= NO* &ri'ate instrument@document or )ral agreement of partition is 'alid among the heirs who participated in the e*tra$udicial settlement. !he re9uirement under Sec. 1, Rule ;, that it must be in public instrument is ()! constituti'e of the 'alidity but is 5erel. ev$den#$ar. $n na#ure. ('ernande3 vs Andal :owe'er, Reformation compelled. (Regalado EXTRAJUDICIAL SETTLEMENT
(o court inter'ention 'alue of the estate immaterial allowed only in intestate succession there must be no outstanding debts of the estate at the time of settlement resorted at the instance and by agreement of A// heirs
IN
REMEDIAL LAW
SUMMARY SETTLEMENT OF ESTATE OF SMALL VALUE (Sec.4 6R)SS 2A/0- of the estate must ()! -."--5 &1+, +++. !his is $urisdictional. ()el 8osar$o vs. Conanan, L-!790!, -ar2+ !0, 1977) IMPORTANT RE4UIREMENTS 1. Application must contain allegation of gross 'alue of estate. 4. 5ate for hearing a shall be set by court not less than 1 #)(!: nor more than 3#)(!:S from da#e o4 las# 1u l$2a#$on o4 no#$2e9 b published, )("- A >--G C)R 3 ")(S-"0!12- >GS in a newspaper of general circulation. 3. (otice shall be ser'ed upon such interested persons as the court may direct. ,. 5&nd - amount fi*ed by the court (not 'alue of personal prop conditioned upon payment of $ust claims under Sec.,. LIA5ILITY OF ESTATE (Sec., DISTRI5UTEES AND
may
be
JUDICIAL SETLLEMENT
re9uires summary $udicial ad$udication gross estate must not e*ceed &1+! allowed in both testate and intestate a'ailable e'en if there are debtsF it is the court which will make pro'ision for its payment #ay be instituted by A(E 1(!-R-S!-5 &AR!E e'en a creditor of the estate 6$#+ou# #+e 2onsen# o4 all +e$rs bond to be determined by the court
amount of bond is e9ual to the 'alue of personal property
RE4UISITES OF T!O>YEAR PERIOD LIEN 1. persons ha'e taken part or ha'e notice of e*tra$udicial partition 4. compliance with the pro'isions of Sec.1, Rule ;, ("a51$lo vs. CA) 5ASIS TO COMPEL SETTLEMENT OF T3E ESTATE 1. undue depri'ation of lawful participation in the estate. 4. e*istence of debts against the estate or undue depri'ation of lawful participation payable in money. REMEDIES 1. >1!:1( 4 ERS. - claim against the bond or the real estate. 4. Action to Annul a deed of e*tra$udicial settlement on the ground of CRA05 8 within ,
>hile the Rules pro'ide that the decedent must not ha'e left any debts, it is sufficient if any debts he may ha'e left ha'e been paid at the time of the e*tra$udicial settlement is entered into. (7u$2o vs. Bau#$s#a, 110 &+$l 584) DISPUTA5LE PRESUMPTION T3AT DECEDENT LEFT NO DE5TS 1f no creditor files a petition for letters of administration within 4 years after the death of the decedent.


104
MEMORY AID
E-ARS 4ro5 #+e d$s2over. o4 4raud. 3. Recon'eyance of real property. >here the estate has been summarily settled, the unpaid creditor may, within 4 years, file a motion in the court wherein such summary settlement was had, for the payment of his credit. EXCEPTION: 1f on the date of the e*piration of the two-year period, the creditor or heir is a A minor or incapacitated, or b 1n prison or c )utside the &hilippines, he may present his claim within one year a4#er su2+ d$sa $l$#. $s re5oved. (Sec. ? Rule ;? !he 4-year lien upon the real property distributed by e*tra$udicial or summary settlement shall be annotated on the title issued to the distributees and after 4 years will be cancelled by the register of deeds without need of court order (/R" "1R"0/AR 1,3 Such lien cannot be discharged nor the annotation be cancelled within the 4 year period e'en if the distributees offer to post a bond to answer for contingent claims from which lien is established. (8e on% vs. ( ane3, 79 &+$l !24) RULE 7? PRODUCTION OF !ILL@ ALLO!ANCE OF !ILL NECESSARY Sec$i&n 1* A))&A%nce necess%#90 c&nc).si:e %s $& e;ec.$i&n* NATURE OF PRO5ATE PROCEEDINGS 1. 1( R-# -binding on the whole world. 4. #A(5A!)RE - no will shall pass either real or personal property unless it is pro'ed and allowed in the proper court. :)>-2-R, it has been held in one case that a will may be sustained on the basis of Article 1+A+ of the "i'il "ode which reads as follows%
IN
REMEDIAL LAW
H1f the testator should make a partition of his properties by an act inter 'i'os, or by will, such partition shall stand in so far as it does not pre$udice the legitime of the forced heir.I (-an%-:. vs. CA, 144 "C8A !!). 3. 1#&R-S"R1&!1B/- 8 because of the public policy to obey the will of the testator. ,. !he 5)"!R1(- )C -S!)&&-/ does no# apply. Re%s&n: presentation and probate of will is re9uired by public policy and in'ol'es public interest. (Fernande3 vs. )$5a%$ a) RULE 7B ALLO!ANCE OR DISALLO!ANCE OF !ILL P#&8%$e &# A))&A%nce &' !i))s > act of pro'ing in a court a document purporting to be the last will and testament of a deceased person in order that it may be officially recogniDed, registered and its pro'isions carried insofar as they are in accordance with law. !"& 6%9 (e$i$i&n '&# %))&A%nce &' Ai))= (Sec.1 1. any creditor - as preparatory step for filing of his claim therein (Regalado, p.4< 4. de'isee or legatee named in the will 3. person interested in the will (e.$., heirs ,. testator himself 8 during his lifetime the possession of the will is not necessary !"& 6%9 8e % (%#$9 in (#&8%$e= 6enerally, any person ha'ing a d$re2# and 5a#er$al $n#eres# in the will or estate. CONTENTS OF T3E PETITION (Sec.4 1. the ;ur$sd$2#$onal 4a2#s 8 death of the testator and his residence at the time of death or the pro'ince where estate was left


105
MEMORY AID
by the decedent who is a nonresidentF the names, ages, and residences of the heirs, legatees, de'isees of the testator or decedentF the probable 'alue and character of the property of the estateF the name of the person for whom the letters are prayedF the name of the person ha'ing custody of the will if has not been deli'ered to the court.
IN
REMEDIAL LAW
4. 3. ,. ?.
COURT APPOINTS TIME FOR PROVING !ILL* NOTICE T3EREOF TO 5E PU5LIS3ED (Sec.3 !"en d&es c&.#$ %c7.i#e <.#isdic$i&n &:e# in$e#es$ed (e#s&ns %nd #es= 0pon &0B/1"A!1)( for 3 >GS successi'ely of the order setting the case for hearing A(5 sending ()!1"-S to all persons interested. NOTICES MUST 5E GIVEN TO: 1. designated or known heirs, legatees and de'iseesF and 4. e*ecutor and co-e*ecutor if not the petitioner. MODES OF NOTIFYING 59 6%i): 4+ days before hearing Pe#s&n%) n&$ice: 1+ days before hearing 3 weeks successi'ely is not strictly 41 days. ANTE MORTEM 1f petition for probate is on testator3s own initiati'e during his lifetime 1. no publication is necessaryF and 4. notice shall be made only to the compulsory heirs. PROOF OF 3EARING (Sec.? At the hearing, compliance of &ublication and (otice must first be shown before introduction of testimony in support of the will. EVIDENCE in s.((&#$ &' Ai)): 1. 0(")(!-S!-5 >1// (Sec.? a No#ar$al <$lls - testimony of at least 1 of the subscribing witnesses is allowed. - if all subscribing witnesses reside outside the pro'ince 8 deposition is allowed. - if subscribing witnesses reside is dead, insane, or none reside in the &hilippines 8 "ourt may admit testimony of the witnesses to pro'e the sanity of the testator, and the due e*ecution of the will, and as e'idence of the e*ecution of the will, it may admit proof of the handwriting of the testator and
But no defect in the petition shall render 'oid the allowance of the will, or the issuance of letters testamentary or of administration with the will anne*ed. EFFECT OF T3E PRO5ATE OF A !ILL 1t is conclusi'e as to the -.-"0!1)( and the 2A/151!E of the will (e'en against the state . !hus, a criminal case against the forger may not lie after the will has been probated. ISSUE IN T3E PRO5ATE OF A !ILL GENERAL RULE: )nly determination of the e*trinsic 'alidity not the intrinsic 'alidity or testamentary dispositions. EXCEPTION: >here the entire or all testamentary dispositions are 'oid and where the defect is apparent on its face. (A2a$n vs. (AC 78 No. 72706, :2#. 27, 19879 Ne1u5u2eno vs. CA, 1!9 "C8A 206) EXTRINSIC VALIDITY e*ecution of the will. means due
MEANING AND EXTENT DUE EXECUTION 5ue e*ecution means that% 1. the testator is of sound and disposing mind when he e*ecuted the willF 4. the will was ()! e*ecuted under duress, fraud or other circumstances that 'itiates consentF 3. the re9uired formalities ha'e been strictly complied withF and ,. the will is genuine and not a forgery.


10
MEMORY AID
of the subscribing witnesses or of any of them. 'olo%ra1+$2 <$lls the testimony of 1 witness who knows the handwriting and signature of the testator. 1n the absence thereof, testimony of an e*pert witness.
IN
REMEDIAL LAW
4. ")(!-S!-5 (Sec.11 a No#ar$al <$lls - A// subscribing witnesses A(5 notary public. :)>-2-R, if any or all the witnesses (i testify against the e*ecution of the will, (ii do not remember attesting thereto, or (iii of doubtful credibility, the will may be allowed if the court is satisfied from the testimony of other witnesses and from all the e'idence presented that the will was e*ecuted and attested in the manner re9uired by law. b 'olo%ra1+$2 <$lls - 3 witnesses who knows the handwriting of testator. 1n the absence thereof, testimony of an e*pert witness may be resorted to. :)>-2-R, in Codo. vs. Calu%a., 78 N:. 12!486, Au%. 12, 1999, the S" ruled that if the holographic will is contested, 3 witnesses who know the handwriting and signature of the testator are now re9uired@mandatory to pro'e its authenticity and for its allowance. GENERAL RULE: :olographic will if destroyed "A(()! be probated. EXCEPTION: 1f there e*ists a &hotostat or .ero* copy thereof. (7an vs. =a1, 104 &+$l 509) P#&&' &' )&s$ &# des$#&9ed Ai)) (Sec.< Cacts which should be pro'ed in order that a lost or destroyed will may be allowed%
1. due e*ecution and 'alidity of the willF 4. will was in e*istence when testator died, or if it was not, that it has been fraudulently or accidentally destroyed in the lifetime of the testator without his knowledgeF and 3. the pro'isions of the will are clearly established by at least #6o 2red$ le 6$#nesses. RULE 77 ALLO!ANCE OF !ILL PROVED OUTSIDE OF P3ILIPPINES AND ADMINISTRATION OF ESTATE T3EREUNDER A will allowed or probated in a foreign country, must be 8/-&8:BA*/) in the &hilippines. 1f the decedent owns properties in different countries, separate administration proceedings must be had in said countries. T!O TYPES OF ESTATE PROCEEDINGS% 1. D&6ici))i%#9 %d6inis$#%$i&n the proceeding instituted in las# res$den2e of the decedent. 4. Anci))%#9 %d6inis$#%$i&n - the administration proceedings 6+ere +e le4# +$s es#a#e. RE4UISITES OF ANCILLARY ADMINISTRATION (Sec.4 1. there must be a will (inferred from the wordings of Rule ;; F 4. filing of% a copy of the will e*ecuted in foreign countryF b order or decree of foreign court allowing such willF and c authentication of re9uisites a and b abo'eF 3. notice of time and place of hearingF ,. hearingF and ?. certificate of allowance. C%n % Ai)) e;ec.$ed %nd (#&:ed in % '&#eign c&.n$#9 8e %))&Aed in $"e P"i)i((ines .nde# R.)e 77= YES* &rov$ded that the following must be pro'ed%


10!
MEMORY AID
1. foreign court must ha'e $urisdiction o'er the proceedingF 4. domicile of testator@decedent in the foreign country and not in the &hilippinesF 3. that the will has been admitted to probate in such countryF ,. it was made with the formalities prescribed by the law of the place in which the decedent resides, or according to the formalities obser'ed in his country, or in conformity with the formalities prescribed by our "i'il "odeF and ?. due e*ecution of the will in accordance with the foreign laws. (Regalado EFFECTS 1. the will shall ha'e the same effect as if originally pro'ed and allowed in court of the &hilippines. 4. letters testamentary or administration with a will anne*ed shall e*tend to all estates of the &hilippines. 3. Residue of estate after payment of debts, etc. shall be disposed of as pro'ided by law in cases of estates in &hilippines belonging to persons who are inhabitants of another state or country. RULE 7C LETTERS TESTAMENTARY AND OF ADMINISTRATION !3EN AND TO !3OM ISSUED PERSONS !3O CAN ADMINISTER T3E ESTATE 1. -*ecutorF 4. Administrator, regular or special (Rule A+ F and 3. Administrator with a will anne*ed (Rule ;=, Section 1 . E;ec.$&# > !he one named by the testator in his will for the administration of his property after his death.
IN
REMEDIAL LAW
Ad6inis$#%$&# - )ne appointed by the "ourt in accordance with the Rules or go'erning statutes to administer and settle the intestate estate or such testate estate, where the testator did not name any e*ecutor or that the e*ecutor so named refuses to accept the trust, or fails to file a bond, or is otherwise incompetent. Ad6inis$#%$&# Ai$" % Ai)) %nne;ed > one appointed by the court in cases when, although there is a will, the will does not appoint any e*ecutor, or if appointed, said person is either incapacitated or unwilling to ser'e as such. !3O MAY SERVE AS EXECUTOR@ ADMINISTRATOR= Any ")#&-!-(! person may ser'e as e*ecutor or administrator. !3O ARE INCOMPETENT TO SERVE AS EXECUTOR@ADMINISTRATOR= 1. a minor 4. a non-resident 3. one who in the opinion of the court is unfit to e*ercise the duties of the trust by reason of% a drunkenness b impro'idence c want of understanding and integrity d con'iction for an offense in'ol'ing moral turpitude -*ecutor of e*ecutor shall not, as such, administer the estate of the first testator. (Sec. 4 Le$$e#s $es$%6en$%#9 - Authority issued to an e*ecutor named in the will to administer the estate. Le$$e#s &' %d6inis$#%$i&n Authority issued by the court to a ")#&-!-(! person to administer the estate of the deceased who died intestate.


10"
MEMORY AID
TO !3OM LETTERS ADMINISTRATION GRANTED OF
IN
REMEDIAL LAW
O#de# O' P#e'e#ence 1. !he sur'i'ing husband or wife or the ne*t of kin, or both in the discretion of the court, or to such person as such sur'i'ing spouse or ne*t of kin, re9uest to ha'e appointed, if competent and willing to ser'e. (S0R2121(6 S&)0S- )R ()#1(-4. 1f the sur'i'ing spouse or the ne*t of kin or the person selected by them be incompetent or unwilling to ser'e, or if the sur'i'ing spouse or ne*t of kin neglects for 3+ days after the death of the decedent to apply for administration, A(E one or more of the &R1("1&A/ "R-51!)RS, if competent and willing to ser'e. 3. 1f there is no such creditor competent and willing to ser'e, it may be granted to such other person as the court may select. (S!RA(6-R !he )rder of appointment of Regular administrator is final and appealable. 5ASIS FOR T3E PREFERENTIAL RIG3T !he underlying assumption is that those who will reap the benefits of a wise, speedy and economical administration of the estate or on the other hand, suffer the conse9uences of waste, impro'idence or mismanagement, ha'e the higher interest and most influential moti'e to administer the estate correctly. RULE 7D OPPOSING ISSUANCE OF LETTERS TESTAMENTARY PETITION AND CONTENTS FOR LETTERS OF ADMINISTRATION !"%$ is $"e MAIN ISSUE in %n %d6inis$#%$i&n (#&ceeding= >ho is the person rightfully entitled to administration.
!"& 6%9 &((&se $"e iss.%nce &' )e$$e#s= GENERAL RULE: Any person interested in the will. (Section 1 EXCEPTION: -'en where a person who had filed a petition for the allowance of the will of the deceased person had no right to do so in 'iew of his lack of interest in the estate, ne'ertheless, where the interested persons did not ob$ect to its application, the defect in the petition would be deemed cured. !he filing of the petition may be considered as ha'ing been ratified by the interested parties. (/use $o vs. >al5ores 97 &'(L 16!) &etition for )pposition may at the same time be filed for /etters of Administration with the will anne*ed. C&n$en$s &' % (e$i$i&n '&# )e$$e#s &' %d6inis$#%$i&n% (Sec.4 a $urisdictional factsF b name, age, residence of heirs and creditorsF c probable 'alue and character of the estateF and d name of the person for whom letters is prayed for. (o defect in the petition shall render 'oid the issuance of the letters of administration. G#&.nds '&# O((&si$i&n: 1. 1n Le$$e#s Tes$%6en$%#9 a incompetence 4. 1n Le$$e#s &' Ad6inis$#%$i&n a incompetenceF b preferential right of the heir under Sec. <, Rule ;A. &ublication for 3 >eeks and notice to heirs, creditors and other persons belie'ed to ha'e an interest in the estate is re9uired before hearing. /etters can be granted to any person or any other applicant e'en if other competent persons are present if the latter fail to claim their letters when notified by the court. (Sec. <, Rule ;=


10#
MEMORY AID
RULE CE SPECIAL ADMINISTRATOR !"en 6%9 % (#&8%$e c&.#$ %((&in$ % s(eci%) %d6inis$#%$&#= 1. 5elay in granting of letters including appeal in the probate of the will. 4. -*ecutor is a claimant of the estate he represents. - in this second instance, the administrator shall ha'e the same powers as that of a general administrator. ORDER OF APPOINTMENT DISCRETIONARY !he preference accorded by Sec. < of Rule ;A of the Rules of "ourt to sur'i'ing spouse refers to the appointment of a re%ular administrator, ()! to that of s1e2$al administrator, and that the order appointing the later lies within the discretion of the probate court, and is not appealable. (&$;uan vs. )e 7urrea, 124 &+$l. 1527) PO!ERS AND DUTIES 1. &ossession and charge of the goods, chattels, rights, credits, and estate of the deceasedF 4. "ommence and maintain suit for the estateF 3. Sell )(/E a perishable propertyF and b those ordered by the courtF ,. &ay debts )(/E as may be ordered by the court. DURATION OF PO!ER OF SPECIAL ADMINISTRATOR 0ntil 9uestions causing the delay is decided and the regular administrator is appointed. !"en d&es $"e (&Ae# &' % s(eci%) %d6inis$#%$&# ce%se= After the 9uestions causing the delay are resol'ed and letters are granted to regular e*ecutor or administrator.
IN
REMEDIAL LAW
Is %((&in$6en$ &' s(eci%) %d6inis$#%$&# %((e%)%8)e= NO, the same is 1(!-R/)"0!)RE. :owe'er, appointment of a R-60/AR A5#1(1S!RA!)R is appealable because it is a final order. 1t is possible for the e*ecutor or administrator whose appointment is challenged by appeal to be appointed also as the special administrator pending such appeal. !here is no harm in appointing the same person as special administrator because there is a 'ast of difference between the powers and duties of the two positions. RULE C1 5ONDS OF EXECUTOR AND ADMINISTRATOR 5OND OF EXECUTOR@ADMINISTRATOR (Sec.1 !"en 'i)ed= Before an e*ecutor or administrator enters upon e*ecution of his trust A6&.n$= Ci*ed by the court CONDITIONS 1. #ake an 1(2-(!)RE of property which came to his knowledge and possession within 3 #)(!:S. 4. A5#1(1S!-R the estate and from the proceeds pay all debts and charges. 3. Render an A"")0(! within )(E-AR ,. &erform all orders of the court. ADMINISTRATORFS 5OND G STATUTORY 5OND "onditions prescribed by statute forms part of bond agreement. !erms and effecti'ity of bond does not depend on payment of premium and does not e*pire until the administration is closed. As long as the probate court


110
MEMORY AID
retains $urisdiction of the estate, the bond contemplates a continuing liability. (Lu3on "ure#. vs. ?ue rar, 127 "C8A 295). 5OND OF SPECIAL ADMINISTRATOR (Sec., C&ndi$i&ns 1. make in'entory. 4. render accounting when re9uired by court. 3. deli'er the same to person appointed e*ecutor or administrator or other authoriDed persons. !he bond is effecti'e as long as the court has $urisdiction o'er the proceedings. RULE C+ REVOCATION OF ADMINISTRATION0 DEAT30 RESIGNATION AND REMOVAL OF EXECUTORS AND ADMINISTRATORS 1f after letters of administration ha'e been granted on the estate of the decedent as if he had died intestate, +$s 6$ll $s allo6ed and 1roved . #+e 2our# , the letters of administration shall be re'oked and all powers thereunder cease, and the administrator shall forthwith surrender the letters to the court, and render his account within such time as the court may direct. !he disco'ery of a will does ()! $1so 4a2#o nullify the letters of administration already issued until the will has been pro'ed and allowed pursuant to Rule A4 Sec. 1. ()e &arreno vs. Aran3anso, 78 No. L-27657, Au%. !0, 1982) RESIGNATION OR REMOVAL OF EXECUTOR@ ADMINISTRATOR (S-".4 G#&.nds 1. neglect to render accountsF (w@in 1 E-AR or when the court directs F 4. neglect to settle estate according to these rulesF 3. neglect to perform an order or $udgment of the court or a duty
IN
REMEDIAL LAW
e*pressly pro'ided by these rulesF ,. abscondingF or ?. insanity or incapability or unsuitability to discharge the trust. (Sec. 4 !hese grounds are -."/0S12-. /awful acts of an administrator or e*ecutor before the re'ocation, resignation, or remo'al are 'alid unless pro'en otherwise. (Sec.3 PO!ERS OF NE! EXECUTOR OR ADMINISTRATOR (Sec. , 1. collect and settle the estate not administeredF 4. prosecute or defend actions commenced by or against the former e*ecutor or administratorF and 3. reco'er e*ecution on $udgments in the name of former e*ecutor or administrator. RULE C3 INVENTORY AND APPRAISAL PROVISION FOR SUPPORT OF FAMILY 1n'entory and appraisal must be made within 3 #)(!:S 4ro5 #+e %ran# o4 le##ers #es#a5en#ar. or o4 ad5$n$s#ra#$on. (Sec.1 Appro'al of an in'entory is not a conclusi'e determination of what assets constituted the decedent3s estate and of the 'aluation thereof. Such determination is only pro'isional and a prima facie finding of the issue of ownership. ALLO!ANCE TO !IDO! AND FAMILY -Sec*32 A))&A%nce > monetary ad'ances sub$ect to collation and deductible from their share in the estate of the decedent. !"& %#e en$i$)ed $& %))&A%nce d.#ing (#&ceedings= 1. Le%$#$5a#e sur'i'ing spouse (Ne1o5u2eno vs CA)F and 4. "hildren of the decedent.


111
MEMORY AID
According to Art. 1AA of the "i'il "ode, the children need not be minors &# incapacitated to be entitled to allowance. ("an#ero vs CF( o4 Cav$#e, 78 No. 61700-0!, "e1#. 24, 1987) 6randchildren are ()! entitled to allowance under Rule A3. ('e$rs o4 8u$3 vs CA) >hen liabilities e*ceed the asset of the estate, his widow and children are not entitled to support pending the li9uidation of the intestate estate, on the ground that such support, ha'ing the character of an ad'ance payment to be deducted from the respecti'e share of each heir during distribution. (<a%ner vs. -oore RULE C/ GENERAL PO!ERS OF EXECUTORS AND ADMINISTRATORS PO!ERS OF EXECUTOR@ ADMINISTRATOR OF T3E ESTATE 1. !o ha'e access to, and e*amine and take copies of books and papers relating to the partnership in case of a deceased partnerF 4. !o e*amine and make in'oices of the property belonging to the partnership in case of a deceased partnerF 3. !o make impro'ements on the properties under administration with the necessary court appro'al e*cept for ne2essar. re1a$rs9 ,. !o possess and manage the estate when necessary% a for the payment of debtsF and b for payment of e*penses of administrationF ?. !o maintain in tenantable repairs houses and other structures and fences and to deli'er the same in such repair to the heirs or de'isees when directed so to do by the court.
IN
REMEDIAL LAW
SOME RESTRICTIONS ON PO!ER OF ADMINISTRATOR@EXECUTOR 1. "annot ac9uire by purchase, e'en at public or $udicial auction, either in person or mediation of another, the property under administration. 4. "annot borrow money without authority of the court. 3. "annot speculate with funds under administration. ,. "annot lease the property for more than one year. ?. "annot continue the business of the deceased unless authoriDed by the court. <. "annot profit by the increase or decrease in the 'alue of the property under administration. RULE C? ACCOUNTA5ILITY AND COMPENSATION OF EXECUTORS AND ADMINISTRATORS GENERAL RULE: !he e*ecutor or administrator is accountable for the whole estate of the deceased. EXCEPTION: :e is not accountable for properties which ne'er came to his possession. EXCEPTION TO T3E EXCEPTION: >hen through untruthfulness to the trust or his own fault or for lack of necessary action, the e*ecutor or administrator failed to reco'er part of the estate which came to his knowledge. Administrator or e*ecutor shall not profit by the increase of the estate nor be liable for any decrease which the estate, without his fault, might ha'e sustained. EXPENSES OF ADMINISTRATION: those necessary for the management of the property, for protecting it against destruction or deterioration, and possibly for the production of fruits.


112
MEMORY AID
!"en s"%)) e;ec.$&# &# %d6inis$#%$&# #ende# %n %cc&.n$= (Sec.A RULE: >ithin one year from the time of recei'ing letters testamentary or letters of administration. EXCEPTION: An e*tension of time is allowed for presenting claims against or paying the debts of the estate for disposing of the estate but e'en in such cases, the administration should be terminated in not more than two-years and a half. RULE CB CLAIMS AGAINST ESTATE C)%i6 - any debt or pecuniary demand against the decedent3s estate. !"en 6%9 % c&.#$ iss.e n&$ices $& c#edi$&#s $& 'i)e $"ei# c)%i6s= 1mmediately issued after granting letters testamentary or of administration. PURPOSE: for the speedy settlement of the affairs of the deceased person and early deli'ery of the property of the estate into the hands of the persons entitled to recei'e it. "laims arising AC!-R his death cannot be presented e*cept for% a funeral e*pensesF and b e*penses of the last sickness of the decedent. "laims for ta*es (inheritance and estate due and assessed after the death of the decedent need not be presented in the form of a claim. !he court in the e*ercise of its administrati'e control o'er the e*ecutor or administrator may direct the latter to pay such ta*es. And the heirs, e'en after distribution are liable for such ta*es. STATUTE OF NON>CLAIMS (Sec.4 !"en s"&.)d $"e c)%i6s 8e 'i)ed= GENERAL RULE: >ithin in the time fi*ed in the notice which shall not more than 14 #)(!:S nor less than < #)(!:S after
IN
REMEDIAL LAW
the date of the C1RS! &0B/1"A!1)(. )therwise, they are BARR-5 C)R-2-R. -'en if the testator acknowledged the debt in his will and instructed the e*ecutor to pay the debt, the statute of non-claims must still be complied withF otherwise the claim may also be barred. EXCEPTION: Belated "laims. 5e)%$ed C)%i6s are claims not filed within the original period fi*ed by the court. )n application of a creditor who has failed to file his claim within the time pre'iously limited, at A(E !1#B-C)R- an order of distribution is entered, the court #AE, for cause shown and on such terms as are e9uitable, allow such claim to be filed within a time ()! -."--51(6 1 #)(!: from the order allowing belated claims. Statute of (on-"laims supersedes the Statute of /imitations insofar as the debts of deceased persons are concerned. :owe'er, B)!: statute of (on-"laims and Statute of /imitations #0S! ")("0R in order for a creditor to collect. C)%i6s A"ic" %#e n&$ 'i)ed Ai$"in $"e S$%$.$e &' N&n>C)%i6s %#e 8%##ed '&#e:e# -Sec*?2 "laims referred to under this section refer to claims for the reco'ery of money and which are not secured by a lien against the property of the estate . (:lave vs. Carlos, 208 &+$l 678) C)%i6s A"ic" s"&.)d 8e 'i)ed .nde# $"e S$%$.$e &' N&n>c)%i6s= 1. #oney claims, debts incurred by deceased during his lifetime arising from contract 4. e*press or implied 3. due or not due ,. absolute or contingent ?. "laims for funeral e*penses and for the last illness of the decedent. <. 7udgment for money against decedent.


113
MEMORY AID
C&n$ingen$ C)%i6 conditional claim or claim that are sub$ect to the happening of a future uncertain e'ent. "laims not yet due or contingent may be appro'ed at their present 'alue. :)>-2-R, a creditor barred by the Statute of (on-claims may file a claim as a ")0(!-R"/A1# in any suit that the e*ecutor or administrator may bring against such creditor. SOLIDARY O5LIGATION OF DECEDENT (Sec.< "laim should be filed against decedent as if he were the only debtor without pre$udice on the part of the estate to reco'er contribution from the other debtor. (@au2$an vs ?uero, !8 &+$l 707l) J&in$ &8)ig%$i&n &' deceden$ !he claim must be confined to the portion belonging to the decedent. MORTGAGE DE5T DUE FROM ESTATE (Sec.; ALTERNATIVE REMEDIES O' T"e C#edi$&# 3&)ding A C)%i6 Sec.#ed 59 A M&#$g%ge O# O$"e# C&))%$e#%) Sec.#i$9 1. ABA(5)( security and prosecute his claim against the estate and share in the same general distribution of the assets of the estateF 4. C)R-"/)S- his mortgage or realiDe upon his security by action in court making e*ecutor or administrator a party defendant and if there is ;ud%5en# 4or )/F(C(/NC=, he may file a claim (contingent against the estate within the statute of non-claims. Agency coupled with an interest !he power to foreclose a mortgage is not an ordinary agency that contemplates e*clusi'ely the representation of the principal by the agent but is primarily an authority conferred upon the mortgagee for latter3s own
IN
REMEDIAL LAW
protection. !hat power sur'i'es the death of the mortgagor. (B$2ol "av$n%s and Loan Asso2$a#$on vs. CA) 3. R-/E S)/-/E )( :1S #)R!6A6and foreclose the name at anytime within the period of the statute of limitation but he cannot be admitted as creditor and shall not recei'e in the distribution of the other assets of the estateF !hese remedies are al#erna#$ve, the a'ailment of one bars the a'ailment of other remedies. JUDGMENT ALLO!ING CLAIM -Sec*132 7udgment against e*ecutor and administrator shall not create any lien upon the property of the estate or does not constitute a specific lien which may be registered on such property. 7udgment of a probate court appro'ing or disappro'ing a claim is appealable. !he mode of appeal is record on appeal and must be filed within 3+ 5AES from notice of $udgment. RULE C7 ACTIONS 5Y AND AGAINST EXECUTORS AND ADMINISTRATORS Ac$i&ns A"ic" 6%9 &# 6%9 n&$ 8e 8#&.g"$ %g%ins$ e;ec.$&# %nd %d6inis$#%$&# (Sec.1 1ndependent and separate of the probate proceeding% 1. reco'ery of real or personal property or any interest therein from the estate 4. enforcement of a lien thereon 3. action to reco'er damages for any in$ury to person or property, real or personal (tortuous acts !hese are actions that surv$ve the death of the decedent. An action for re'i'al of money $udgment may be filed against the administrator to

114
MEMORY AID
preempt prescription of $udgment. (8o5ualde3 vs. *$%lao, 105 "C8A 762). 3ei# 6%9 n&$ s.e .n$i) s"%#e %ssigned (Sec.3 Before distribution is made or before any residue is known, the heirs and de'isees ha'e no cause of action against the e*ecutor or administrator for reco'ery of the property left by the decedent. P#&ceedings A"en (#&(e#$9 c&nce%)ed0 e68eHH)ed &# '#%.d.)en$)9 c&n:e9ed (Sec.< PURPOSE: !o elicit information or to secure e'idence from those persons suspected as ha'ing possessed or ha'ing knowledge of properties belonging to deceased, or of ha'ing concealed, embeDDled or con'eyed away any properties of the deceased. GENERAL RULE: !he probate court has no authority to decide whether or not the properties belong to the estate or to the person being e*amined since probate courts are courts of limited $urisdiction. EXCEPTIONS: 1. &ro'isional determination of ownership for inclusion in the in'entoryF or 4. Submission to the court3s $urisdiction (Bernardo vs. CA, 78 No. 8248!, "e1#. 26, 1990) E68eHH)e6en$ 8e'&#e )e$$e#s iss.ed (Sec.A !he responsible person shall be liable to an action in fa'or of the e*ecutor or administrator of the estate for double the 'alue of the property sold, embeDDled, or alienated, to be reco'ered for the benefit of the estate. P#&(e#$9 '#%.d.)en$)9 c&n:e9ed 89 $"e dece%sed 6%9 8e #ec&:e#ed* !"en e;ec.$ed &# %d6inis$e#ed 6.s$ 8#ing %c$i&n (Sec.= !his pro'ision applies when there is a deficiency of assets in the hands of the e*ecutor or administrator for the payment of the debts and e*penses for administration
IN
REMEDIAL LAW
administration for it is under this circumstance that there may be con'eyances made by the deceased with intent to defraud the creditor. RE4UISITES 5EFORE ACTION MAY 5E FILED 1. deficiency in assets 4. the con'eyance made is 'oid (when there are badges of fraud 3. sub$ect of con'eyance is liable for attachment in lifetime of decedent. !"en c#edi$&# 6%9 8#ing %c$i&n* Lien '&# c&s$s -Sec*1E2 >hen a grantee in a fraudulent con'eyance is )!:-R !:A( !:-.-"0!)R )R A5#1(1S!RA!)R, a creditor may commence and prosecute the action if the following re9uisites are present% 1. !hat the e*ecutor or administrator has shown to ha'e no desire to file the action or failed to institute the same within the reasonable timeF 4. /ea'e is granted by court to creditor to file the actionF 3. Bond is filed by creditor as prescribed in this pro'isionF and ,. Action by creditor is in the name of the e*ecutor or administrator. !hese re9uisites need not be complied with if the grantee of the fraudulent con'eyance is the e*ecutor or administrator himself, in which e'ent the action should be in the name of all creditors. RULE CC De8$s (%id in '.)) i' es$%$e s.''icien$ (Sec.1 1f estate is insol'ent, as in liabilities are more than the assets, "e2.7 $n rela#$on #o Ar#. 1059 and 22!9 #o 2251 o4 #+e C$v$l Code must apply. 0se rule on preference of creditors 1f it is sufficient to satisfy claims of a class.


115
MEMORY AID
!"en $"e Ai)) (#&:ides '&# (%96en$ &' de8$s0 Sec$i&n + 6.s$ 8e '&))&Aed* Although testator acknowledged a specific debt on his will, the creditor must still file his claim in the testate or intestate proceedings, otherwise his claim will be barred. Es$%$e $& 8e #e$%ined $& 6ee$ c&n$ingen$ c)%i6s (Sec., 1f the court is satisfied that contingent claim duly filed is 'alid, it may order the e*ecutor or administrator to retain in his hands sufficient estate to pay a portion e9ual to the di'idend of the creditors. RE4UISITES 1. contingent claim is duly filedF 4. court is satisfied that the claim is 'alidF and 3. !he claim has become absolute. Is e;ec.$i&n % (#&(e# #e6ed9 $& s%$is'9 %n %((#&:ed c)%i6= NO, because% 1. &ayment appro'ing a claim does not create a lien upon a property of the estate. 4. Special procedure is for the court to order the sale to satisfy the claim. 3&A c&n$ingen$ c)%i6 8ec&6ing %8s&).$e in $A& 9e%#s %))&Aed %nd (%id (Sec.? 1f such contingent claim becomes absolute and is presented to the court, or to the e*ecutor or administrator, within two years from the time limited for other creditors to present their claims. !he residual funds within the estate, although already in the possession of the uni'ersal heirs, are funds of the estate. !he "ourt has $urisdiction o'er them and it could compel the heirs to deli'er to the administrator of the estate the necessary portion of such funds for the payment of any claims against the estate. ((n re *es#a#e /s#a#e o4 -ar%ar$#a )av$d, "$son vs. *eodoro, 98 &+$l 680)
IN
REMEDIAL LAW
1f the contingent claim matures after the e*piration of the two years, the creditors may sue the distributees, who are liable in proportion to the shares in the estate respecti'ely recei'ed by them. (@au2$an vs. ?uerol, su1ra) 1t has been ruled that the only instance wherein a creditor can file an action against a distributee of the debtor3s assets is under Sec. ?, Rule AA of the Rules of "ourt. !he contingent claims must first ha'e been established and allowed in the probate court before the creditors can file an action directly against the distributees. ()e Bau#$s#a vs. )e 7u35an, 125 "C8A 682) Es$%$e &' Ins&):en$ n&n#esiden$0 "&A dis(&sed (Sec.= 1n the administration taken in the &hilippines of the estate of the 1(S)/2-(! his estate in the &hilippines shall be disposed of that his creditors in and outside in the &hilippines in proportion to their respecti'e credits. !"en %nd "&A c)%i6 (#&:ed &.$side $"e P"i)i((ines %g%ins$ ins&):en$ #esiden$Fs es$%$e (%id (Sec.1+ "laims pro'en outside the &hilippines where the e*ecutor had knowledge and opportunity to contest its allowance therein may be added to the list of claims in the &hilippines against the estate of an 1(S)/2-(! R-S15-(! and the estate will be distributed e9ually among those creditors. :owe'er the benefit of Sections = and 1+ cannot be e*tended to the creditors of foreign country where the property of the deceased therein is not e9ually apportioned to creditors residing in the &hilippines and other creditors. Ti6e '&# (%9ing De8$s %nd Leg%cies (Sec.1? (eed not e*ceed 1 year in the first instance. But court e*tend on application of e*ecutor or administrator and after hearing and notice thereof.


11
MEMORY AID
-*tension must not e*ceed si* months for single e*tension. >hole period allowed to the original e*ecutor or administrator shall not e*ceed 4 years (section 1? successor of dead e*ecutor or administrator may be gi'en an e*tension not to e*ceed < months. RULE CD SALES0 MORTGAGE AND OT3ER ENCUM5RANCES OF T3E PROPERTY OF T3E DECEASED O#de# &' s%)e &' (e#s&n%)$9 (Sec.1 !he court may order the whole or part of the personal estate to be sold if necessary% 1. to pay debts and e*pense of administrationF 4. to pay legaciesF or 3. to co'er e*penses for the preser'ation of the estate. !"en c&.#$ 6%9 %.$"&#iHe s%)e0 6&#$g%ge &# &$"e# enc.68#%nces &' #e%)$9 $& (%9 de8$s %nd )eg%cies $"&.g" (e#s&n%)i$9 n&$ e;"%.s$ed= (Sec. 4 1. 1f personal estate is ()! sufficient to pay debts, e*penses of administration and legaciesF 4. 1f sale of personal estate may in$ure the business or interests of those interested in the estateF 3. 1f testator has ()! made sufficient pro'ision for payment of such debts, e*penses and legaciesF ,. 1f deceased was in his lifetime under contract, binding in law to deed real property to beneficiaryF (Section A ?. 1f the deceased during his lifetime held real property in trust for another person. (Section = RE4UISITES a application of -*ecutor@AdministratorF b written notice to person interestedF and c hearing
IN
REMEDIAL LAW
Assets in the hands of e*ecutor@administrator will not be reduced to pre'ent a creditor from recei'ing his full debt or diminish his di'idends. >ithout notice and hearing, the sale, mortgage or encumbrance is 'oid. (otice is mandatory. (oncompliance therewith under the sale is null and 'oid. Reason% !he reason behind this re9uirement is that the heirs are the presumpti'e owner. Since they succeed to all the rights and obligation of the deceased from the moment of the latter3s death, they are the person directly affected by the sale or mortgage and therefore cannot be depri'ed of the property, e*cept in the manner pro'ided by law. (-ane2lan% vs. Baun, 208 "C8A 179) M%9 $"e c&.#$ %.$"&#iHe s%)e0 6&#$g%ge &# &$"e# enc.68#%nce &' es$%$e $& (%9 de8$s %nd )eg%cies in &$"e# c&.n$#ies= (Sec. ? >hen it appears from records and proceedings of a probate court of another country that the estate of the deceased in foreign country is not sufficient to pay debts and e*penses. Application for authority to sell, mortgage or encumber property of the estate may be denied by the court if% 1. the disposition is not for any of the reasons specified by the rulesF )R 4. under Section 3 Rule A=, any person interested in the estate gi'es a bond conditioned to pay the debts, e*penses of administration and legacies.
RULE DE DISTRI5UTION AND PARTITION OF T3E ESTATE Li7.id%$i&n means the determination of all assets of the estate and payment of all debts and e*penses.


11!
MEMORY AID
!"en &#de# '&# dis$#i8.$i&n &' #esid.e 6%de (Sec.1 RULE: )R5-R )C 51S!R1B0!1)( shall be made AC!-R payments of all debts, funeral e*penses, e*penses for administration, allowance of widow and inheritance ta* is effected. 1n these proceedings, the court shall% 1. collateF 4. determine heirsF and 3. determine the share of each heir. A separate action for the declaration of heirs is not necessary. !"en is $i$)e :es$ed= Crom C1(A/1!E of order of distribution. )nly after partition is appro'ed and not before, the court may order the deli'ery to the heirs of their respecti'e shares e*cept when the heir file a bond conditioned to pay the debts. An order which determines the distributi'e shares of heirs is appealable. 1f not appealed, it becomes final. !he probate court lose $urisdiction o'er the settlement proceedings only upon payment of all debts and e*penses of the obligor and deli'ery of the entire estate to all the heirs. (*$5 ol vs. Cano, 1 "C8A 1271) CONDITIONS PRECEDENT $& 8e c&6()ied Ai$" '&# $"e iss.%nce &' %n &#de# &' dis$#i8.$i&n 1. Showing that the e*ecutor, administrator or person interested in the estate applied for suchF and 4. !he re9uirements as to notice and hearing upon such application ha'e been fulfilled. PRO3I5ITION AGAINST INTERFERENCE 5Y OT3ER COURTS As long as the order of distribution of the estate has not been complied with, the probate
IN
REMEDIAL LAW
probate proceedings cannot be deemed closed and terminated, because a $udicial partition is not final and conclusi'e and does not pre'ent the heirs from bringing an action to obtain his share, pro'ided the prescripti'e period therefore has not elapsed. !he better practice, howe'er, for the heir who has not recei'ed his share, is to demand his share through proper motion in the same probate or administrati'e proceedings, or for the reopening of the probate or administrati'e proceedings if it had already been closed, and not through an independent action, which would be tried by another court or $udge which may thus re'erse a decision or order of the probate or intestate court already final and e*ecuted and reshuffle properties long ago distributed and disposed of. (*$5 ol vs. Cano, su1ra).
RULE D1 ESC3EATS 3 INSTANCES &' ESC3EATS 1. >hen a person dies intestate lea'ing no heir but lea'ing property in the &hilippines (Section 1 4. R-2-RS1)( &R)"--51(6S 8 Sale in 'iolation of the "onstitutional pro'ision 3. 0nclaimed Balance Act under Banking /aws !"%$ is $"e 8%sis &' $"e s$%$eFs #ig"$ $& #ecei:e (#&(e#$9 in esc"e%$= )rder of succession under the "i'il "ode, the S!A!- is the last heir of the decedent. !"& 'i)es= Solicitor 6eneral or his representati'e in behalf of the &hilippines. !"e#e $& 'i)e= R!" of last residence or of location of his estate in the &hilippines if he is a non-resident.


11"
MEMORY AID
1f petition is sufficient in C)R# and S0BS!A("- the court shall% 1. #ake an )R5-R )C :-AR1(6 8 hearing shall not be more than < #)(!:S AC!-R -(!RE )C )R5-R. 4. 5irect publication of the copy of order 8 at least once a week for < ")(S-"0!12- >--GS. RE4UISITES 1. publication of the order 4. person died intestate 3. he is seiDed of real@personal property in the &hilippines ,. he left no heir or person entitled to such property ?. there is no sufficient cause to the contrary !he court, at the instance of an interested party, or on its own motion, may order the establishment of a &-R#A(-(! !R0S!, so that only the income from the property shall be used. CLAIM 5Y PERSONS ENTITLED TO T3E ESTATE (Sec. , !"&= By de'isee, legatee, heir, widow@er, or other person entitled thereto !"en $& 'i)e= - >ithin ? E-ARS CR)# 5A!- )C 7056-#-(! otherwise fore'er barred. OT3ER ACTIONS FOR ESC3EATS -Sec* ?2 - actions for re'ersion of property alienated in 'iolation of "onstitution or any statute. - !hese shall be go'erned by Rule =1. :)>-2-R, the action must be instituted in the pro'ince where the land lies in whole or in part. Pe#i&d% >ithin ? 9e%#s from the date of $udgmentF (under AR!. 1+1, of the "i'il "ode, the ?-year period is reckoned from the date the property was deli'ered to the State and further pro'ides that if the property had been sold, the municipality or city shall be accountable only for such part of the proceeds as may not ha'e been lawfully spent.
IN
REMEDIAL LAW
59 A"&6% person of interest TO !3OM !ILL T3E PROPERTY ESC3EATED 5E ASSIGNED: (Sec. 3 1. if personal property, in the municipality or city where he last resided. 4. if real property, where the property is situated. 3. if deceased ne'er resided in the &hilippines, where the property may be found. C%n c&.#$ c&n:e#$ esc"e%$ (#&ceedings in$& &#din%#9 s(eci%) (#&ceedings &# :ice>:e#s%= NO. !his is not allowed for the two actions ha'e different re9uirements in ac9uiring $urisdiction. 1n special proceedings, publication is once a week for 3 weeks while in escheat, once a week for < weeks.
RULE D+ GUARDIANS3IP 6uardianship of minors is now go'erned by the Rule on 6uardianship of #inors (A.#. (o. +3-+4-+?-S" which took effect on #ay 1, 4++3. >hile guardianship of incompetents is still go'erned by the pro'isions of the Rules of "ourt on 6uardianship (Rule =4 to Rule =; .
MINOR
1. 4. any relati'eF or other person on behalf of a minorF or 3. the minor himself if 1, years of age or o'erF or
,. the Secretary of Social >elfare and 5e'elopment A(5 by the Secretary of :ealth in case of an insane minor who needs to be hospitaliDed. (Sec. 4 A# +3-+4-+?-S"
INCOMPETENT
1. 4. 3. any relati'eF friendF or other person on behalf of the resident incompetent who has no parents or lawful guardianF or
the 5irector of :ealth in fa'or of an insane person who should be hospitaliDed or in fa'or of an isolated leper. (Sec. 1
,.


11#
MEMORY AID
IN
REMEDIAL LAW
?. any one interested in the estate of a non-resident incompetent (Sec.14
?. any one interested in the estate of a non-resident incompetent (Sec. <
appointment. 1n such case, this Rule shall be suppletory to the pro'isions of the Camily "ode on 6uardianship. C&n$en$s &' Pe$i$i&n MINOR INCOMPETENT
J.#isdic$i&n: 1ncompetents 8 R!" of his residence or where his property is located in case of non-residents (Sec. 1 #inor 8 Camily "ourt of his residence or where his property is located in case of non-resident (Sec. 3, A# +3-+4-+A ,INDS OF GUARDIANS A* Acc&#ding $& sc&(e: 1. 6eneral - o'er the person of the ward or o'er his property 4. /imited - o'er the property only 5* Acc&#ding $& c&ns$i$.$i&n: 1. general guardian 4. legal guardian 3. guardian ad litem
a b
INCOMPETENT inc).des: (Sec. 4 1. those suffering from penalty of ci'il interdiction 4. hospitaliDed lepers 3. prodigals ,. deaf and dumb who are unable to read and write ?. those of unsound mind though they ha'e lucid inter'als <. persons not of unsound mind but by reason of age, disease, weak mind and other similar causes cannot take care of themsel'es or manage their property. RULE D3 APPOINTMENT OF GUARDIANS !"& 6%9 (e$i$i&n '&# %((&in$6en$ &' g.%#di%n= !he father and the mother shall $ointly e*ercise legal guardianship o'er the person and property of their minor without the necessity of a court
the $urisdictional factsF the name, age and residence of the prospecti'e wardF the ground rendering the appointment necessary or con'enientF the death of the parents of the minor or the termination, depri'ation or suspension of their parental authorityF the remarriage of the minor3s sur'i'ing parentF the names, ages, and residences of relati'e within the ,th ci'il degree of minor, and of persons ha'ing him in their care and custodyF the probable 'alue, character and location of the property of the minorF and the name, age and residence of the person for whom letters of guardianship are prayed.
a b
e f
the $urisdictional factsF the minority or incompetency rendering the appointment necessary or con'enientF the probable 'alue and character of his estateF the names, ages, and residences of the relati'es of the minor or incompetent, and of the persons ha'ing him in their careF the name of the person for whom letters of guardianship. (Sec. 4 Rule =3


120
MEMORY AID
1. !he petition in'ol'ing minors is re9uired to be 2-R1C1-5 and accompanied by certification against C)R0# S:)&&1(6 while that in'ol'ing incompetent must be 'erified only. :)>-2-R, no defect in the petition or 'erification shall render 'oid the issuance of letters of guardianship. !here is () re9uirement for &0B/1"A!1)(, only notice -."-&! in case of nonresident minor@incompetent. :)>-2-R, ser'ice of ()!1"- upon minor if 1, years of age or o'er, or upon incompetent is mandatory and $urisdictional. 1f the person is insane, ser'ice of notice upon the 5irector of :ospital where hospitaliDed is sufficient. OPPOSITION TO PETITION (Sec. , G#&.nds 1. 6%<&#i$9 of alleged minor 4. c&6(e$enc9 of alleged incompetent 3. .ns.i$%8i)i$9 of the persons for whom letters are prayed P#&ced.#e a. filing of petition b. court shall set the case for hearing c. cause notices to be ser'ed to the persons mentioned in the petition, including minor, if 1, years and abo'e d. court shall recei'e e'idence e. declaration of the propriety of the petition f. issue letters of guardianship 5ONDS OF GUARDIANS Before an appointed guardian enters upon the e*ecution of his trust, he shall gi'e a B)(5 (Sec. 1 Rule =, . SELLING AND ENCUM5ERING PROPERTY OF !ARD: A* G#&.nds
IN
REMEDIAL LAW
when income of estate is insufficient to maintain ward and family or to maintain and educate ward when a minorF or 2. when it appears that it is for the benefit of the ward. 5* Re7.i#e6en$s 1. petition must be 'erifiedF 4. notice must be gi'en to the ne*t of kinF and 3. hearing so that they may show cause why petition should not be granted.
(otice to ne*t of kin and interested

persons is 70R1S51"!1)(A/. Ne;$ &' Iin > pertains to those relati'es who are entitled to share in the estate of the ward under the /aw on 1ntestate succession including those who inherit per stirpes or by right of representation. Sale of the ward3s realty by the guardian without authority from the court is 2)15. 0nder the law, a parent acting merely as legal administrator of the property of his@her children, does ()! ha'e the power to dispose of, or alienate, the property of said minor without $udicial appro'al (L$nda$n vs. CA, 78 No. 95!05, Au%. 20, 1992). !he )rder of Sale must specify the grounds. C* D.#%$i&n &' $"e &#de# '&# s%)e %nd enc.68#%nce &' (#&(e#$9 > >ithin 1 year from the granting of the order. 1t is presumed that if the property was not sold within 1 year, the ward has sufficient income. !he authority to sell or encumber shall not e*tend beyond 1 year unless renewed by the court. GENERAL PO!ERS AND DUTIES OF GUARDIANS 1. ha'e the care and custody of the person of the ward, and the management of his estate, or the management of the estate only, as the case may beF


121
MEMORY AID
4. pay the debts of the wardF 3. settle accounts, collect debts and appear in actions for wardF ,. manage the estate of the ward frugally, and apply the proceeds to maintenance of the wardF ?. render ver$4$ed in'entory 'erified within 3 #)(!:S after his appointment and annually thereafter upon application of interested personsF and <. render to court for its appro'al an accounting of the property for 1 E-AR from his appointment J e'ery year thereafter. TERMINATION OF GUARDIANS3IP A* G#&.nds '&# $e#6in%$i&n MINOR INCOMPETENT 1. !he ward has 1. competency 4.
come of ageF or has died of the ward has been $udicially determined 4. guardianship is no longer necessary
IN
REMEDIAL LAW
unsuitable to e*ercise parental authorityF ,. >hen the best interest of the minor so re9uires. 5* 4.%)i'ic%$i&ns &' G.%#di%ns (Sec. ? 1. #oral character 4. &hysical, mental and psychological condition 3. Cinancial status ,. Relationship of trust with the minor ?. A'ailability to e*ercise the powers and duties of a guardian for the full period of guardianship <. /ack of conflict of interest with the minor ;. Ability to manage the property of the minor. C* !"& 6%9 8e %((&in$ed g.%#di%n &' $"e (e#s&n &# (#&(e#$90 &# 8&$"0 &' % 6in&# (Sec.< 1n default of parents or a court appointed guardian, the court may the following obser'ing as far as, practicable, the )R5-R )C &R-C-R-("-% 1. the S0R2121(6 6RA(5&AR-(! and in case se'eral grandparents sur'i'e, the court shall select any of them taking into account all rele'ant considerationsF 4. the )/5-S! BR)!:-R )R S1S!-R of the minor o'er twenty-one years of age, unless unfit or dis9ualifiedF 3. the A"!0A/ "0S!)51A( of the minor o'er twenty-one years of age, unless unfit or dis9ualifiedF and ,. any )!:-R &-RS)(, who in the sound discretion of the court would ser'e the best interests of the minor. D* C%se S$.d9 Re(&#$ (Sec. = !he court shall order a social worker to conduct a case study of the minor and all prospecti'e guardians and submit report and recommendation to the court for its guidance before the scheduled hearing.
5* G#&.nds '&# #e6&:%) &' % g.%#di%n: 1. insanityF 2. incapability or unsuitability to discharge functionsF 3. wastage or mismanagement of the property of the wardF and 4. failure to render an account or make a return within 3+ days after it was due. SALIENT FEATURES %nd SPECIAL RULES FOUND IN T3E RULE ON GUARDIANS3IP OF MINORS (A.#. (o. +3-+4-+?-S", effecti'e #ay 1, 4++3) A* G#&.nds '&# Pe$i$i&n (Sec. , 1. "ontinued Absence, or Incapacity or Death of his parentsF (AID) 4. Suspension, Termination or Depri'ation of parental authorityF (STD) 3. Remarriage of his sur'i'ing parent, if the latter is found


122
MEMORY AID
E* 5&nd &' (%#en$s %s g.%#di%ns &' (#&(e#$9 &' 6in&# (Sec. 1< 1f the market 'alue of the property on the annual income of the child e*ceeds &?+,+++, the parent concerned shall furnish a bond in such amount as the court may determine, but in no case less than 1+K of the 'alue of such property or income, to guarantee the performance of the obligations prescribed for general guardians. A 'erified petition for appro'al of the bond shall be filed in the Camily "ourt of the place where the child resides or, if the child resides in a foreign country, in the Camily court of the place where the property or any part thereof is situated. !he petition shall be docketed as a summary special proceeding in which all incidents and issues regarding the performance of the obligations of a general guardian shall be heard and resol'ed. REMOVAL OR RESIGNATION OF GUARDIAN (Sec. 4, (o motion for remo'al or resignation shall be granted unless the guardian has submitted the proper accounting of the property of the ward and the court has appro'ed the same. G#&.nds '&# $e#6in%$i&n &' g.%#di%ns"i( (Sec. 4? . !he court 5o#u 1ro1$o or upon 'erified motion of any person allowed to file a petition for guardianship may terminate the guardianship on the ground that the ward has ")#- )C A6- or has 51-5. !he guardian shall notify the court of such fact within 10 da.s o4 $#s o22urren2e.
IN
REMEDIAL LAW
portion thereof, affected by the trust is situated. A trustee is necessary to carry into effect% a A will where the testator omitted to appoint a trustee in the &hilippines -Tes$%6en$%#9 T#.s$2F and b )ther written instruments where the trustee therein declines, resigns, dies, or is remo'ed before accomplishment of trust -C&n$#%c$.%) T#.s$2. (o persons succeeding to a trust as e*ecutor or administrator of a formal trustee shall be re9uired to accept such trust. TRUSTEE APPOINTED A5ROAD (Sec. , >hen land in the &hilippines is held in trust for a resident by a trustee who deri'es his authority from abroad, such trustee must petition the R!" where the land is situated, otherwise, the trust will be 'acant and a new trustee will be appointed. >hen a trust is created abroad for property in the &hilippines, $udicial appro'al is still needed though trustor is ali'e. 5OND OF TRUSTEES (Sec. ? (eglect of trustees to file a bond will be interpreted by the court as resignation or decline to accept the trust. :owe'er, he may be e*empted from bond when re9uested by% a. testatorF b. All persons beneficially interested in the trust. :owe'er, the court may cancel such e*emption anytime. REMOVAL OR RESIGNATION OF T3E TRUSTEE (Sec. A RE4UISITES 1. &etition filed by parties beneficially interestedF 4. (otice to trusteeF and 3. :earing.
RULE DC TRUSTEES J.#isdic$i&n: R!" in which the will was allowed, if it be a will allowed in the &hilippines, otherwise by the R!" of the pro'ince in which the property, or some


123
MEMORY AID
!"& 6%9 (e$i$i&n= &arties beneficially interested. G#&.nds 1. essential in the interest of petitioners 4. insanity 3. incapability of discharging trustee ,. unsuitability Rules on Sale and -ncumbrance of !rust -state shall conform as nearly as may be to the pro'isions on Sale and -ncumbrance by 6uardians. ADOPTION AND CUSTODY OF MINORS !he pro'isions of the Rules of "ourt on Adoption ha'e been amended by the D&6es$ic Ad&($i&n Ac$ &' 1DDC and the In$e#c&.n$#9 Ad&($i&n Ac$ &' 1DD? EXCEPT: Secs < J ; of Rule == -ffecti'e August 44, 4++4, there is a new Rule on Adoption. NATURE AND CONCEPT OF ADOPTION Adoption is a $uridical act, a proceeding 1( R-#, which creates between two persons a relationship similar to that which results from legitimate paternity and filiation. )nly an adoption made through the court, or in pursuance with the procedure laid down under Rule on Adoption is 'alid in this $urisdiction. PURPOSE OF ADOPTION !he promotion of the welfare of the child and the enhancement of his opportunities for a useful and happy life, and e'ery intendment is sustained to promote that ob$ecti'e. !3AT DOES T3E COURT DETERMINE IN ADOPTION CASES 1. capacity of the adopters 4. whether the adoption would be the best interest of the child Adoption is strictly personal between the adopter and the adopted. (*eo4$2o vs. )el >al)
IN
REMEDIAL LAW
RULES ON ADOPTION -Secs* 1>+?2 DOMESTIC ADOPTION !3O MAY ADOPT 1. Any Cilipino "itiDen a of legal ageF b in possession of full ci'il capacity and legal rightsF c of good moral characterF d has not been con'icted of any crime in'ol'ing moral turpitudeF e emotionally and psychologically capable of caring for childrenF f in a position to support and care for his@her children in keeping with the means of the familyF and g at least 1< E-ARS older than the adoptee. 4. Any alien possessing the same 9ualifications as abo'eF pro'ided% a !hat his@her country has diplomatic relations with the &:1/1&&1(-SF b !hat he@she has been li'ing in the &hilippines for at least 3 ")(!1(0)0S E-ARS prior to the filing of the application for adoptionF c #aintains residence until the adoption decree is enteredF d "ertified to ha'e legal capacity to adopt, by his@her countryF and e !hat his@her go'ernment allows the adoptee to enter his@her country as his@her adopted son@daughter. 3. !he guardian with respect to the ward after the termination of the guardianship and clearance of his financial accountabilities. !he re9uirement of 1< E-ARS difference between the adopter and the adoptee is ()! applicable if the adopter is% 1. the biological parent of the adoptee 4. the spouse of the adoptee3s parent


124
MEMORY AID
!he re9uirement on residency and certification of alien3s 9ualification to adopt may be >A12-5 for the following% 1. !he adoptee is a former Cilipino citiDen who seeks to adopt a relati'e within the ,th degree of consanguinity or affinity. 2. )ne who seeks to adopt the legitimate son@daughter of his@her Cilipino spouse. 3. )ne who is married to a Cilipino citiDen and seeks to adopt $ointly with his@her spouse a relati'e within the ,th degree of consanguinity or affinity of the Cilipino spouse. !3O MAY 5E ADOPTED 1. Any person below eighteen (1A years of age who has been $udicially declared a'ailable for adoption )R 'oluntarily committed to 5S>5. 4. !he legitimate child of one spouse by the other spouse. 3. An illegitimate child by a 9ualified adopter to raise the status to that of legitimacy. ,. A person of legal age regardless of ci'il status, if, prior to the adoption, said person has been consistently considered and treated by the adopters as their own child since minority. ?. A child whose adoption has been pre'iously rescinded. <. A child whose biological or adopti'e parents ha'e died. ;. A child not otherwise dis9ualified by law or these rules. GENERAL RULE: :usband and wife shall $ointly adopt. EXCEPTIONS: 1. 1f one spouse seeks to adopt the legitimate son@daughter of the other. 4. 1f one spouse seeks to adopt his@her own illegitimate son@daughter. 3. 1f the spouses are legally separated from each other.
IN
REMEDIAL LAW
VENUE (Sec.< Camily "ourt where the prospecti'e adopti'e parents reside. &etition shall be 'erified and specifically state at the heading of the initiatory pleading whether the petition contains an application for a change of name, rectification of simulated birth, 'oluntary or in'oluntary commitment of children, or declaration of child as abandoned, dependent or neglected. A certification of non-forum shopping shall be included pursuant to Section ?, Rule ; of the 1==; Rules of "i'il &rocedure. PROCEDURE A* ORDER OF 3EARING (Sec.14 - must be published at least once a week for 3 ")(S-"0!12- >GS. > at the discretion of the court, copies of the order of hearing shall be furnished to the office of the Sol.6en. through the pro'incial or city prosecutor, the 5S>5 and the biological parents of the adoptee, 1C G()>(. - if a change in the name of the adoptee is prayed for in the petition, notice to the Sol. 6en. Shall be #A(5A!)RE. 5* C3ILD J 3OME STUDY REPORTS (Sec.13 - social worker 'erifies with the "i'il Registry the real identity and the name of adoptee and the fact that he is legally a'ailable for adoption. social worker may make recommendations to the court if he finds some grounds to deny the petition. C* 3EARING (sec.1, - to be held within < #)(!:S from the date of issuance of the order EXCEPT: in case of A&&/1"A!1)( C)R ":A(6- )C (A#- which hearing must not be within , #)(!:S after /AS! &0B/1"A!1)( nor within 3+ 5AES 1r$or #o ele2#$on.


125
MEMORY AID
the petitioner and the adoptee must personally appear and the former must testify in court.
IN
REMEDIAL LAW
,. adopters shall ha'e reciprocal rights of succession without distinction from legitimate filiation. All hearings and confidential. (Sec.1A records are
D* SUPERVISED TRIAL CUSTODY -STC2 (Sec.1? Before issuance of decree of adoption the court shall gi'e the adopter trial custody of the adoptee for at least < #)(!:S. Re%s&n: So the parties will ad$ust psychologically and emotionally to each other and establish a bonding relationship. "ourt may reduce or e*empt parties from S!". GENERAL RULE: Alien adopter must complete the < #)(!:S S!". EXCEPTION: Same as -*emptions from re9uirements of residency and certification. E* DECREE OF ADOPTION 1f issued, this will take effect as of the date of filing of the original petition. 1n case of change of name, the decree shall be submitted to the "i'il Registrar where the court issuing the same is situated. An amended birth certificate shall be issued. !he original birth certificate shall be stamped HcancelledI and shall be sealed in the "i'il Registry records. !he new birth certificate to be issued to the adoptee shall not bear any notation that it is an amended issue. EFFECTS OF ADOPTION 1. adopter will e*ercise parental authority. 4. all legal ties between biological parents and the adoptee shall be se'ered, e*cept when biological parent is spouse of adopter. 3. adoptee shall be considered legitimate child of adopter for all intents and purposes.
INTER COUNTRY ADOPTION (Secs. 4<-34 !"e#e $& 'i)e Pe$i$i&n= - A 'erified petition to adopt a Cilipino child may be filed by a foreign national or Cilipino citiDen permanently residing abroad with the F%6i)9 C&.#$ ha'ing $urisdiction o'er the place where the child resides or may be found. - 1t may be filed directly with the In$e#>C&.n$#9 Ad&($i&n 5&%#d* !3O MAY ADOPT 1. any alien or Cilipino citiDen permanently residing abroad who is at least twenty-se'en (4; years of ageF 4. other re9uirements same as with RA C??+. !3O MAY 5E ADOPTED )nly a legally free child may be the sub$ect of inter-country adoption. A child under the 1nter-"ountry Adoption Act is defined as any person below fifteen (1? years of age. RESCISSION AND REVOCATION OF ADOPTION 0nder the D&6es$ic Ad&($i&n Ac$ &' 1DDC, the A5)&!-R "A( () /)(6-R R-2)G- the adoption, he can merely d$s$n+er$# the adoptee in accordance with the pro'isions of the "i'il "ode. 1n re'ocation, it relates only as to the date of the $udgment. :ence in re'ocation, 'ested rights prior to rescission should be respected. !"& 'i)es= 1. A5)&!--


12
MEMORY AID
o'er 1A years of age or if minor with assistance of 5S>5 4. 60AR51A( if o'er 1A but incapacitated or ")0(S-/ G#&.nds 1. repeated physical 'iolence and 'erbal maltreatment by the adopter despite ha'ing undergone counselingF 4. attempt on the life of the adopterF 3. se*ual assault or 'iolenceF or ,. abandonment or failure to comply with parental obligations. Ven.e CA#1/E ")0R! of the city or pro'ince where the adoptee resides. (Sec. 4+ Pe#i&d Ai$"in A"ic" $& 'i)e VERIFIED (e$i$i&n (Sec. 41 ? E-ARS from reaching age of ma$ority or from reco'ery of incompetency. Ad'erse party shall file his A(S>-R within 1? days from receipt of order of court re9uiring him to answer. (Sec. 44 EFFECTS OF JUDGMENT OF RESCISSION 1. parental authority or legal custody will be restored 4. reciprocal rights of adoptee and adopter will be e*tinguished 3. 'ested rights re9uired prior to $udicial rescission shall be respected ,. adoptee shall use the name stated in his original borth or foundling certificate ?. ci'il registrar will reinstate his original birth or foundling certificate 0nlike in re'ocation of guardianship, re'ocation of adoption is a separate proceeding from the adoption. RULE DD0 SECTIONS B J 7 Sections < and ; of Rule == of the Rules of "ourt referring to "ustody of #inors are still 'alid pro'isions. a b
IN
REMEDIAL LAW
R.)e DD0 Sec$i&n B* P#&ceedings %s $& c"i)d A"&se (%#en$s %#e se(%#%$ed* !he 9uestion as to the care and custody and control of a child or children of their marriage is brought before a Regional !rial "ourt by &etition or as an incident to any other proceedings. !"en (%#en$s c&nside#ed .n'i$ $& $%Ie c"%#ge &' $"e c"i)d 1. by reason of moral depra'ity 2. habitual drunkenness 3. incapacity 4. po'erty ORDER OF PREFERENCE in c%se $"e (%#en$s %#e .n'i$ 1. &arental@#aternal grandparents 2. "hild3s oldest brother or sister 3. Some reputable or discreet person 4. Any suitable asylum, children3s home or bene'olent society. (o child under se'en (; years of age shall be separated from its mother, unless the court fins there are compelling reasons therefor. R.)e DD0 Sec$i&n 7* C.s$&d9 &' V%g#%n$ &# A8.sed C"i)d J.#isdic$i&n %nd Ven.e Camily "ourts of the territory where the petitioner resides. G#&.nds 1. &arents of the minor are deadF 2. &arents ha'e abandoned the child by reason of long absence or legal or physical impossibilityF 3. &arents cannot support the childF 4. &arents treat the child with e*cessi'e harshnessF 5. &arents gi'e the child corrupting orders, counsels or e*amplesF 6. &arents cause or allow the child to engage in beggingF 7. &arents cause or allow child to commit offenses against the law. PROCEDURE


12!
MEMORY AID
1. Ciling of &etition 8 by a reputable resident of the pro'ince 4. Show "ause )rder 8 directed to parents or in case the parents are dead or cannot be found, re9uiring the fiscal of the pro'ince to show cause, why the child should not be taken from its parents, if li'ing 3. :earing and )rder ,. Ser'ice of 7udgment 8 upon the "i'il Registrar of the city or municipality where the court issuing the same is situated. RULE 1E1 PROCEEDINGS FOR 3OSPITALIKATION OF INSANE PERSONS Ven.e R!" of pro'ince where the person alleged to be insane is found. !"& 'i)es= 5irector of :ealth with assistance of city or pro'incial fiscal. Re7.isi$es 1. 5irector of :ealth is of the opinion that the commitment of the person alleged to be insane is for &0B/1" >-/CAR- or for !:- >-/CAR- of said person 4. Such person or one ha'ing charge of him is opposed or his being taken to hospital or asylum DISC3ARGE OF INSANE (Sec. , 5irector of :ealth may file this petition when he is of the opinion that the person is permanently or temporarily cured or may be released without danger RULE 1E+ 3A5EAS CORPUS 3%8e%s c&#(.s e;$ends $&: (Sec.1 1. cases of illegal confinement or detention by which a person is depri'ed of his libertyF and
IN
REMEDIAL LAW
4. cases by which the rightful custody of the person is withheld from the person entitled thereto !he restraint must be actual, effecti'e and material. !he person need not actually be confined as long as freedom of action is limited. (-on2u1a vs. /nr$le, 78 No. 61107, A1r. 26, 198!) !#i$ &' 3%8e%s C&#(.s - a command directed to the person detaining another, re9uiring him to produce the body of the person detained at a designated time and place, and to produce and to show cause and to e*plain the reason for detention. PURPOSE !he essential ob$ect and purpose of the writ of habeas corpus is to in9uire into all manner of in'oluntary restraint as distinguished from 'oluntary, and to relie'e a person therefrom if such restraint is illegal. (-on2u1a vs. /nr$le, su1ra) And any further rights of the parties are left untouched by decision on the writ, whose principal purpose is to set the indi'idual at liberty. (>$llav$2en2$o vs. LuA an) !he pri'ilege of writ is so sacred that, according to our ")(S!1!0!1)(, it shall not be suspended e*cept in cases of in'asion or rebellion when public security re9uires it (Art. 111, Sec. 1? . IN CASES OF ILLEGAL CONFINEMENT OR DETENTION GENERAL RULE: !he release, whether permanent or temporary, of a detained person renders the petition for habeas corpus moot and academic. EXCEPTION: >hen there are restraints attached to his release which precludes freedom of action, in which case the court can still in9uire into the nature of his in'oluntary restraint. (>$llav$2en2$o vs. LuA an) !"e$"e# $"e S$%$e c%n #ese#:e $"e (&Ae# $& #e>%##es$ % (e#s&n '&# %n


12"
MEMORY AID
&''ense %'$e# % c&.#$ &' c&6(e$en$ <.#isdic$i&n "%s %8s&):ed "i6 &' $"e &''ense* >e hold that such a reser'ation is repugnant to the go'ernment of laws and not of men principle. 0nder this principle, the moment a person is ac9uitted on a criminal charge he can no longer be detained or re-arrested for the same offense. (-on2u1a vs. /nr$le) GROUNDS FOR RELIEF 1. depri'ation of any fundamental or constitutional right 4. lack of $urisdiction of the court to impose the sentence 3. e*cessi'e penalty Re7.isi$es '&# $"e iss.%nce &' $"e !#i$ in c%ses 89 A"ic" $"e #ig"$'.) c.s$&d9 &' $"e (e#s&n &' % 6in&# is Ai$""e)d '#&6 $"e (e#s&n en$i$)ed $"e#e$& 1. that the petitioner has the right to the custody o'er the minor 2. that the rightful custody of the minor is being withheld from the petitioner by the respondent 3. that it is to the best interest of the minor concerned to be in the custody of the petitioner and not that of respondent. ("o5 on% vs. CA, @anuar. !1, 1996) :abeas "orpus can substitute for appeal. ne'er be a
IN
REMEDIAL LAW
permitted to perform the functions of a writ of error or appeal for the purpose of re'iewing mere errors or irregularities in the proceedings of a court ha'ing $urisdiction o'er the person and the sub$ect matter. (7alve3, e# al. vs. CA, e# al., 2!7 "C8A 685). !he person on bail is not entitled to habeas corpus because his detention is legal and technical. D&es :&).n$%#9 #es$#%in$ c&ns$i$.$e "%8e%s c&#(.s= As a 6-(-RA/ R0/-, NO. -."-&! when a person restrained is a minor and the petitioner is the father or mother or guardian or a person ha'ing custody of the minor. 2oluntariness is 'iewed from the point of 'iew of the person entitled to custody. S.(e#:ening E:en$s M%9 5%# Re)e%se -'en if the arrest of a person is illegal, super'ening e'ents may bar release of discharge from custody. >hat is to be in9uired into is the legality of detention as of, at the earliest, the filing of the application for the writ of habeas corpus. (>elas2o vs. CA, @ul. 7,1995). P#e)i6in%#9 Ci$%$i&n > issued by the court to show cause whether or not the writ should be issued !"& 6%9 g#%n$ $"e (e$i$i&n (Sec.4 1. S" or any member thereon 4. "A or any member thereof 3. R!" or any $udge thereof ,. #!" - in the absence of R!" $udges P#&ced.#e '&# g#%n$ &' A#i$ a. 'erified petition signed by the party for whose relief it is intendedF some other person in his behalfF b. allowance of writF c. command officer to produceF d. ser'ice of writ by sheriff or other officerF e. returnF and
!"e$"e# $"e (e$i$i&n '&# $"e A#i$ &' "%8e%s c&#(.s 6%9 8e (#&(e#)9 'i)ed $&ge$"e# Ai$" $"e (e$i$i&n '&# ce#$i&#%#i %nd 6%nd%6.s !he "ourt ruled that the writs of habeas corpus and certiorari may be ancilliary to each other where necessary to gi'e effect to the super'isory powers of the higher courts. A writ of habeas corpus reaches the body and the $urisdictional matters, but not the record. A writ of certiorari reaches the record but not the body. :ence, a writ of habeas corpus may be used with the writ of certiorari for the purpose of re'iew. :owe'er, habeas corpus does not lie where the petitioner has the remedy of appeal or certiorari because it will not be


12#
MEMORY AID
f. hearing on return.
IN
REMEDIAL LAW
T& A"&6 A#i$ di#ec$ed %nd A"%$ $& #e7.i#e* (Sec.< 5irected to officer and commands him to% 1. ha'e the body of person before the courtF and 4. show cause of the imprisonment or restraint. 3&A A#i$ is e;ec.$ed %nd #e$.#ned (Sec.A O''ice# s"%))% 1. "on'ey the person so imprisoned before the $udge, unless from sickness or infirmity, such person cannot, without danger be brought before the court. 4. #ake the return of the writ together with the day and the cause of caption or restraint. De'ec$ &' '&#6 (Sec.= () writ can be disobeyed for defect in form 1C it sufficiently states% 1. person in whose custody or under whose restraint the party imprisoned or restraint is held, and 4. court or $udge before whom he is to be brought. !"en $"e #e$.#n e:idence0 %nd A"en &n)9 % ()e% (Sec.3 1f a prisoner is in custody under a warrant of commitment in pursuance of law or under a $udicial order, the return shall be considered &R1#A CA"1-215-("- )C !:- "A0S- )C R-S!RA1(!, "&Ae:e# it shall only be plea of the facts set forth if restraint is by pri'ate authority. !"en (#is&ne# disc"%#ged i' n& %((e%)* (Sec.1? 1f one is unlawfully imprisoned, court shall order his discharge but such discharge shall not be effecti'e until a copy of the order has been ser'ed on the office or person detaining the prisoner. 1f person detaining him does not appeal, the prisoner shall be released.
!"en (#is&ne# 6%9 8e #e6&:ed '#&6 &ne c.s$&d9 $& %n&$"e# (Sec.1A 1. By legal process 4. &risoner is deli'ered to an inferior officer to carry to $ail 3. By order of proper court or $udge be remo'ed from one place to another within the &hil. for trial. ,. 1n case of fire, epidemic, insurrection or other necessity or public calamity. !"en d&es c&.#$ %c7.i#e <.#isdic$i&n &:e# (e#s&n &' #es(&nden$= !he writ itself plays the role as summon in ordinary actionsF court ac9uires $urisdiction o'er the person of the respondent BE #-R- S-R21"- )C >R1!. APPEAL IN 3A5EAS CORPUS CASES !he appeal in habeas corpus cases may be taken in the name of the person detained or of the officer or person detaining him. An appeal in habeas corpus cases shall be perfected by filing with the clerk of court or the $udge, within ,A hours from notice of $udgment, a notice of appeal. RULE ON CUSTODY OF MINORS AND !RIT OF 3A5EAS CORPUS IN RELATION TO T3E CUSTODY OF MINORS -A*M* N&* E3>E/>E/>SC2 !"& 6%9 'i)e Pe$i$i&n= (Sec.3 - A 'erified petition for the rightful custody of a minor may be filed by any person claiming such right. !"e#e $& 'i)e (e$i$i&n= (Sec.3 - Camily "ourt of the pro'ince or city where the petitioner resides or where the minor may be found. P#&:isi&n%) O#de# AA%#ding C.s$&d9 (Sec.13 As far as practicable, the following order of preference shall be obser'ed in the award of custody% a. Both parents $ointlyF


130
MEMORY AID
b. -ither parent, taking into account all rele'ant considerations, especially the choice of the minor o'er se'en years of age and of sufficient discernment unless the parent chosen unfitF c. !he grandparent or if there are se'eral grandparents, grandparent chosen by the minor o'er se'en years of age and of sufficient discernment, unless the grandparent chosen is unfit or dis9ualifiedF d. !he eldest brother or sister o'er twenty years of age unless he or she is unfit or dis9ualifiedF e. !he actual custodian of the minor o'er twenty years of age, unless the former is unfit or dis9ualifiedF or f. Any other person or institution the court may deem suitable to pro'ide proper care and guidance for the minor. Te6(&#%#9 Visi$%$i&n Rig"$s (Sec.1? !he court shall pro'ide in its order awarding pro'isional custody appropriate 'isitation rights to the non- custodial parent or parents, unless the court finds said parent or parents unfit or dis9ualified. Pe$i$i&n '&# !#i$ &' 3%8e%s C&#(.s (Sec. 4+ shall be filed with the Camily court. shall be enforceable within its $udicial region to which the Camily "ourt belongs. the petition may howe'er be filed with the regular court in the absence of the presiding $udge of three Camily "ourt, pro'ided howe'er that the regular court shall refer the case to the family "ourt as soon as its presiding $udge returns duty. petition may also be filed with the S", "A, or with any of its members and, if so granted the writ shall be enforceable
IN
REMEDIAL LAW
anywhere in the &hilippines. !he writ may be made returnable to a Camily court or to any regular court within the region where the petitioner resides or where the minor may be found for hearing and decision on the merits. RULE 1E3 C3ANGE OF NAME Ven.e (Sec. 1 R!" of the pro'ince in which he resides. C&n$en$s &' Pe$i$i&n (Sec.4 1t shall set forth% 1. that petitioner is a bonafide resident of the pro'ince where petition is filed for at least three years prior to the date of filingF 2. all names by which petitioner is knownF 3. cause for change of nameF 4. name asked for. &etition shall be signed and 'erified by person desiring his name changed or some other person in his behalf. Re9uirement of 'erification is formal, ()! $urisdictional re9uisite. 1t is not a ground for dismissing petition. J.#isdic$i&n%) Re7.i#e6en$s 1. the 'erified petition should be published for three successi'e weeks in some newspaper of general circulation in the pro'inceF 2. that both the title and caption of the petition and its body shall recite% a name @names or aliases of the applicantF b cause for which the change of name is soughtF c new name asked for. ("e2an BoA vs. 8e1u l$2, 52 "C8A !22). 3e%#ing - shall not be within 3+ days prior to an election nor within , #)(!:S


131
MEMORY AID
after the /AS! &0B/1"A!1)( of notice of hearing. E''ec$s &' Disc#e(%nc9 in $"e Pe$i$i&n %nd P.8)is"ed O#de# !he defect in the petition and the order, as to the spelling of the name of the petitioner, is substantial, because it did not correctly identify the party to said proceedings. G#&.nds '&# c"%nge &' n%6e 1. name is ridiculous, tainted with dishonor and e*tremely difficult to write or pronounceF 2. conse9uence of a change of statusF e.g. legitimated childF 3. necessity to a'oid confusionF 4. ha'ing continuously used and been known since childhood by a Cilipino name, unaware of her alien parentageF 5. a sincere desire to adopt a Cilipino name to erase signs of former alienage, all in good faith and without pre$udicing anybody. TITLE OF PETITION MUST CONTAINED T3E FOLLO!NG 1. )fficial name (birth certificate 8 be 'ery particular with the spelling because it may a'oid or annul the proceedingsF it is $urisdictionalF 2. all aliasesF and 3. name asked for. All the names or aliases must appear in the title or caption of the petition, because the reader usually merely glances at the title of the petition and may only proceed to read the entire petition if the title is of interest to him. ("e2an BoA vs. 8e1u l$2,su1ra). A decree of adoption grants the adoptee the right to use the adopter3s surname but not to change the former3s first name which relief must be sought in a discrete petition under Rule 1+3. (8e1u l$2 vs. 'ernande3, 78 N:. 117209, Fe ruar. 9, 1996 .
IN
REMEDIAL LAW
Cor administrati'e procedure for "hange of (ame, refer to Administrati'e )rder 1, Series of 4++,. 1t only applies to% 1. clerical errorsF and 4. innocuous errors. RULE 1E7 A5SENTEES A5SENTEE CONSE4UENCE
+-4 years 4 years to ; years
-------&etition for declaration of absence may be filed "onsidered dead for all intents and purposes e*cept for purposes of succession Cor purposes of marriage% , years continuous absence shall be sufficient for present spouse to remarry, 4 years only under e*traordinary circumstance
Beyond ; years (absence of , years under e*traordinary circumstance
PURPOSE OF PETITION > to appoint an administrator o'er the properties of the absentee. :ence, if absentee left no properties, such petition is unnecessary. GROUNDS FOR TERMINATION OF T3E ADMINISTRATION 1. absentee personally appears through an agent 4. absentee death is pro'en and heirs appear 3. third person appears showing that he ac9uired title o'er the property of the absentee ,. Actual or presumpti'e death cannot be the sub$ect if it is the onlt 9uestion or matter in'ol'ed in a case or upon which a competent court has to pass.


132
MEMORY AID
(LuA an vs. 8e1u l$2, 78 No. 8492, Fe ruar. 29, 1956) N& inde(enden$ %c$i&n '&# Dec)%#%$i&n &' P#es.6($i&n &' De%$" E;ce($i&n: the need for declaration of presumpti'e death for purposes of marriage (Article ,1 of the Camily "ode . RULE 1EC CANCELLATION OR CORRECTION OF ENTRIES IN T3E CIVIL REGISTRY Republic Act (o. =+,A which was passed by "ongress on Cebruary A, 4++1 substantially amended Article ,14 of the (ew "i'il "ode, to wit% SECTION 1* Authority to "orrect "lerical or !ypographical -rror and "hange of Cirst (ame or (ickname.L(o entry in a ci'il register shall be changed or corrected without a $udicial order, e*cept for clerical or typographical errors and change of first name or nickname which can be corrected or changed by the concerned city or municipal ci'il registrar or consul general in accordance with the pro'isions of this Act and its implementing rules and regulations. !he abo'e law speaks clearly. "lerical or typographical errors in entries of the ci'il register are now to be corrected and changed without need of a $udicial order and by the city or municipal ci'il registrar or consul general. !he ob'ious effect is to remo'e from the ambit of Rule 1+A the correction or changing of such errors in entries of the ci'il register. :ence, what is left for the scope of operation of Rule 1+A are substantial changes and corrections in entries of the ci'il register. (Lee vs. CA, 7.8. No. 118!87, :2#o er 11, 2001). Re7.isi$es &' Ad:e#s%#i%) (#&ceedings 1. &roper petition is filed where the "i'il Registrar and all parties interested are impleaded.
IN
REMEDIAL LAW
4. !he order of the hearing must be published once a week for three consecuti'e weeks. 3. (otice thereof must be gi'en to the "i'il Registrar and all parties affected thereby. ,. !he ci'il registrar and any person ha'ing or claiming any interest under the entry whose cancellation or correction is sought may, within 1? days from notice of the petition or from the last date of publication of such notice, file his opposition thereto. ?. Cull blown trial. &roceedings for the correction of entries should not be considered as establishing one3s status in a manner conclusi'ely beyond dispute. !he status corrected would not ha'e a superior 9uality for e'identiary purposes. !here is no increase or diminution of substanti'e right. (C+$ao Ben L$5 vs. Cosa, L- 40252, )e2e5 er 29, 1986) PETITIONS FOR C3ANGE OF NAME
&etition to be filed in the R!" where the petitioner resides Solicitor 6eneral must be notified by ser'ice of a copy of the petition.
PETITIONS FOR T3E CORRECTION0 CANCELLATION OF ENTRIES

2erified petition filed in the R!" where the corresponding "i'il registry is located "i'il registrar concerned is made a party to the proceeding as a respondent. !he Solicitor 6eneral must also be notified by ser'ice of a copy of the petition. &etition is filed by any person interested in any A"!, -2-(!, )R5-R or 5-"R-)rder shall also be published once for three consecuti'e weeks and court shall cause reasonable notice to persons named in petition
&etition is filed by person desiring to change his name )rder for hearing shall be published once a week for three consecuti'e weeks


133
MEMORY AID
Ser'ice of $udgment shall be upon the ci'il register concerned
IN
REMEDIAL LAW
motion for a new trial or for reconsideration. ORDERS T3AT ARE NOT APPEALA5LE 1. )rder directing administrator to take action to reco'er amount due to the estateF 4. )rder made in administration proceedings relating to inclusion or e*clusion of items of property in the in'entory of e*ecutor or administratorF 3. )rder appointing special administratorF ,. )rder granting or denying a motion for new trial or for reconsideration. APPEAL IN ORDINARY CIVIL ACTION
&-R1)5% 1? days R-M01R-#-(!S (otice of Appeal and 5ocket Cees (o e*tension
&etition for change of name -R.)e 1E32 and petition for cancellation or correction of entries are 51S!1("! &R)"--51(6S. :ence, a party cannot change name and correct an entry in a single petition without satisfying the $urisdictional re9uirements. (8e1u l$2 v. Bal5ore) RULE 1ED APPEALS IN SPECIAL PROCEEDINGS O#de#s &# <.dg6en$s '#&6 A"ic" %((e%)s 6%9 8e $%Ien (Sec.1 An interested person may appeal in special proceedings from such order or $udgment rendered which% 1. Allows or disallows a willF 4. 5etermines who are the lawful heirs of a deceased person, or the distributi'e share of the estate to which such person is entitledF 3. Allows or disallows, in whole or in part, any claim against the estate of a deceased person, or any claim presented on behalf of the estate in offset to a claim against itF ,. Settles the account of an e*ecutor, administrator, trustee or guardianF ?. "onstitutes, in the proceedings relating to the settlement of the estate of a deceased person, or the administration of a trustee or guardian, a final determination in the lower court of the rights of the party appealing appealing, e*cept that no appeal shall be allowed from the appointment of a special administratorF and <. 1s the final order or $udgment rendered in the case, and affects the substantial rights of the person appealing, unless it be an order granting or denying a
APPEAL IN SPECIAL PROCEEDINGS

3+ days
Record on Appeal and 5ocket Cees
#ay be e*tended on meritorious grounds


134
MEMORY AID
IN
REMEDIAL LAW
VENUE AND JURISDICTION OF SPECIAL PROCEEDINGS
SPECIAL PROCEEDING
1. Settlement of the -state
VENUE
Resident of the 5ecedent or if the decedent is a nonresident, place where he had an estate
JURISDICTION
#!" if the gross 'alue of the estate does not e*ceed &4++,+++, or &,++,+++ in #etro #anila R!" if the gross 'alue of the estate e*ceeds the abo'e amounts
4. -scheat
a. Pe#s&n dies in$es$%$e )e%:ing n& "ei# 8 Resident of the decedent or if nonresident, in the place where he had an estate. b. Re:e#si&n 8 >here the land lies in whole or in part c. Unc)%i6ed 5%)%nce 8 >here the dormant deposits are located
R!"
R!"
R!"
?.
Appointment of 6uardians
>here the minor or incompetent resides
Camily "ourt (in case of #inors R!" (Regular courtsLin cases other than minors
<.
Appointment of !rustees
>here the will was allowed or where the property or portion thereof affected by the trust is situated >here the adopter resides >here the adoptee resides >here the detainee is detained (if the petition is filed with the R!"
R!"
;. A. =.
Adoption Rescission of Adoption :abeas "orpus
Camily "ourt Camily "ourt S", "A, R!", #!" in the pro'ince or city in case there is no R!" $udge


135
MEMORY AID
1+. "hange of (ame 11. Appointment of Representati'e of Absentee@5eclaration of Absence 14. "ancellation@"orrection of -ntries in the "i'il Registries >here petitioner resides >here the absentee resided before his disappearance R!"
IN
REMEDIAL LAW
R!"
>here the corresponding "i'il Registry is located
R!"


Spec Proc

Загружено:

Сведения о документе

Исходное описание:

Авторское право

Доступные форматы

Поделиться этим документом

Поделиться или встроить документ

Параметры публикации

Этот документ был вам полезен?

Это неприемлемый материал?

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Spec Proc

Загружено:

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

San Beda College of Law

&robate of the >ill if any (Rule ;? 8;<

1ssuance of /etters !estamentary@Administration (A special administrator may be appointed (Rule ;;-A+

Ciling of "laims (Rule A<

&ayment of "laims Sale@#ortgage@-ncumbrance of &roperties of the -state

REMEDIAL LAW COMMITTEE

San Beda College of Law

REMEDIAL LAW COMMITTEE

San Beda College of Law

REMEDIAL LAW COMMITTEE

San Beda College of Law

amount of bond is e9ual to the 'alue of personal property

REMEDIAL LAW COMMITTEE

San Beda College of Law

REMEDIAL LAW COMMITTEE

San Beda College of Law

REMEDIAL LAW COMMITTEE

San Beda College of Law

REMEDIAL LAW COMMITTEE

San Beda College of Law

REMEDIAL LAW COMMITTEE

San Beda College of Law

REMEDIAL LAW COMMITTEE

San Beda College of Law

REMEDIAL LAW COMMITTEE

San Beda College of Law

REMEDIAL LAW COMMITTEE

San Beda College of Law

REMEDIAL LAW COMMITTEE

San Beda College of Law

REMEDIAL LAW COMMITTEE

San Beda College of Law

San Beda College of Law

REMEDIAL LAW COMMITTEE

San Beda College of Law

REMEDIAL LAW COMMITTEE

San Beda College of Law

REMEDIAL LAW COMMITTEE

San Beda College of Law

REMEDIAL LAW COMMITTEE

San Beda College of Law

REMEDIAL LAW COMMITTEE

San Beda College of Law

?. any one interested in the estate of a non-resident incompetent (Sec.14

?. any one interested in the estate of a non-resident incompetent (Sec. <

REMEDIAL LAW COMMITTEE

San Beda College of Law

(otice to ne*t of kin and interested

REMEDIAL LAW COMMITTEE

San Beda College of Law

REMEDIAL LAW COMMITTEE

San Beda College of Law

REMEDIAL LAW COMMITTEE

San Beda College of Law

REMEDIAL LAW COMMITTEE

San Beda College of Law

REMEDIAL LAW COMMITTEE

San Beda College of Law

REMEDIAL LAW COMMITTEE

San Beda College of Law

REMEDIAL LAW COMMITTEE

San Beda College of Law

REMEDIAL LAW COMMITTEE