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(C)
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS
FROM GIVEN ISOMETRIC VIEW
07
Without Sections
With Sections
(D)
ISOMETRIC VIEW/PROJECTIONS
FROM GIVEN ORTHOGRPHIC VIEWS
05
Projections
A B C D
CONTINUOUS THICK CONTINUOUS THIN (WAVY) SHORT ZIGZAG THIN CONTINUOUS THIN SHORT DASH MEDIUM (DOTED
LINE )
40 30
D
E
25
F A E G1
60
150
B C
G1
G2
CUTTING PLANE LINE (IN F.V) CUTTING PLANE LINE (IN T.V)
Dimensioning Techniques
Trimmed and untrimmed drawing sheet sizes are commercially designated as A0 (Maximum size), A1, A2, A3, A4 & A5 (Least size). In Engineering Graphics term work, all the 4 sheets will be of A2 (approximately Imperial) size The following two systems are adopted for dimensioning purposes on orthographic views as well as on pictorial view.
ALIGNED SYSTEM
(FOR A2 TO A5 SHEET SIZE)
20
UNIDIRECTIONAL SYSTEM
(FOR LARGE SIZED SHEETS)
20
35
35
ARROW HEADS
(H x 3H)
3H
ORTHOGRAPHIC PREOJECTIONS
(MULTI VIEW REPRESENTATIONS i.e. F.V., T.V. & S.V. L.H.S.V OR R.H.S.V) FROM ISOMETRIC VIEW
PLANES OF PROJECTIONS QUADRANTS VISION DIRECTIONS
SCALING OF A DRAWING
(AS PER BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS FOR ENGINEERING DRAWING.)
RECOMMENDED SCALES
1. FULL SCALE e.g. 1: 1
In certain cases the engineering components may be very large or very small for drawing purposes, hence the corresponding scale may be preferred from the following
2. REDUCED SCALE e.g. 1:2, 1:2.5, 1:5, 1:10, 1:20, 1:15, 1:100, 1:200, 1:500, 1:1000, 1:2000, 1:5000, 1:10000
M/c. PARTS ARE NEVER ASSUMED IN SECOND OR IN FOURTH QUADRANT, AS THE VIEWS MAY OVERLAP ON ONE ANOTHER ABOVE XY OR BELOW XY RESPECTIVELY.
ISOMETRIC VIEW
OF
OBJECT IN FIRST QUADRANT (FOR L.H.S.V.)
VP
PP
HP
Z1
Fig. 2(c) shows turning of the planes H.P & P.P with their respective hinges, considering V.P as fixed plane. It may be noted that :(a) F.V. (X directional view) is on V.P, T.V. (Y directional view) is on H.P, while L.H.S.V (Z1 directional view) is on P.P
b) F.V is within L & H, T.V is within L & D, While L.H.S.V is within H & D. c) The symbol for Ist angle method of projections is placed as shown on fig. 2(c)
V.P
P.P H
F.V. Y L X T.V.
D L.H.S.V.
H.P
Fig. 2(c)
AIM: Fig. 2(a) shows the Pictorial (ISOMETRIC) view of a cut block. Draw its following orthographic views using Ist angle method of projections. I. Front View II. Top View III.R. H. S.View
Y
V.P
P.P
Fig 2(a) Y
H.P
X Fig 2(b)
Z2
Z2
Note : Ist angle means, the block is assumed in front of V.P, above H.P and inside P.P,
Fig. 2(c) shows turning of the planes H.P & P.P with their respective hinges, considering plane V.P as fixed plane. It may be noted that :a) F.V. (X directional view) is on V.P, T.V. (Y directional view) is on H.P, while R.H.S.V (Z2 directional view) is on P.P
b) F.V is within L & H, T.V is within L & D, While R.H.S.V is within H & D.
c) The symbol for Ist angle method of projections is placed as shown on fig. 2(c)
P. P
V.P
H D R.H.S.V. X L
H.P
F.V.
Y
Fig. 2(c)
T.V.
AIM:
Fig.
3(a)
shows
the
Pictorial
(ISOMETRIC) view of a cut block. Draw its following orthographic views using IIIrd angle method of projections.
I. II. III.
Plane H.P turned up(above V.P) Plane P.P turned side way(towards left side of plane V.P) X
V.P
Z1
Fig 3(b)
Note : IIIrd
assumed behind V.P, below H.P and inside P.P, as in fig. 3(b) where the F.V.
Fig. 3(c) shows turning of the planes H.P & P.P with their respective hinges, considering plane V.P as fixed plane. It may be noted that :a) F.V. (X directional view) is on V.P, T.V. (Y directional view) is on H.P, while L.H.S.V (Z1 directional view) is on P.P b) F.V is within L & H, T.V is within L & D, While L.H.S.V is within H & D.
c) The symbol for IIIrd angle method of projections is placed as shown on fig. 3(c)
Fig. 3(c)
T.V. X 6 D L 2 Y
L.H.S.V
F.V.
AIM:
Fig.
4(a)
shows
the
Pictorial
(ISOMETRIC) view of a cut block. Draw its following orthographic views using IIIrd angle method of projections.
I. Front View
II. Top View III.Right Hand Side View
Y
H. P
Z2 Fig. 4(a)
Y
V.P
P.P
Fig. 4(b) X Z2
Planes H.P, V.P & P.P are assumed as transparent
Note : IIIrd angle means, the block is assumed behind V.P, below H.P and inside P.P, as
Fig. 4(c) shows turning of the planes H.P &P.P with their respective hinges, considering plane V.P as fixed plane. It may be noted that :a) F.V. (X directional view) is on V.P, T.V. (Y directional view) is on H.P, while R.H.S.V (Z2 directional view) is on P.P b) F.V is within L & H, T.V is within L & D, While R.H.S.V is within H & D. c) The symbol for IIIrd angle method of projections is placed as shown on fig. 4(c)
H . P
Fig. 4(c)
D T.V.
X L
P . P R.H.S.V.
F.V.
V . P
Step
by
step to
procedure prepare
Suggested
60
R40
20
X
ISOMETRIC VIEW
20
20 80
R.H.S.V
20
FRONT VIEW
40
80
20
R40
FIGURE SHOWS ISOMETRIC VIEW OF A SIMPLE OBJECT(WITHOUT DIMENSIONS) SHOW ITS THREE ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEWS
a
1. Front View
2. Top View
3. L.H.S.View Use First Angle Method 1 2
B
3 c
b
A
B
A
b
2 3 1
F.V
a c
L.H.S.V.
b
3
T.V
FIGURE SHOWS ISOMETRIC VIEW OF AN OBJECT(WITHOUT DIMENSIONS) SHOW ITS THREE ORTHO GRAPHIC VIEWS
1. Front View a
2. Top View
3. L.H.S.View b Use Third Angle Method 2 1
3
A
TOP VIEW 3 2 1
L.H.S VIEW
FRONT VIEW
Aim : Figure shows isometric view, of a simple machine component. Draw its following Orthographic views, & dimension them. 1. Front View 2. Top View 3. R.H.S. View
Use First Angle Method of projection
Figure
X Figure, is the isometric view
F.V 10
F.V.
40 ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEWS
10
25
75
T.V.
40 SQ
30,Depth 10
25 SQ 30
15 SQ
10
10
30
R.H. S.V.
5
F.V.
35
40 Sq
35 25 Sq
45 15 5
30
15 Sq
10
T.V.
40
10
Draw its all the three views, using first angle method of projections.
Give the necessary dimensions as per aligned system.
ISOMETRIC VIEW
24
64
40
50
64 24
40 50
30
140
FRONT VIEW
14
L.H.S.V
14
70
TOP VIEW
48
10
Exercise :Isometric view of a rod support is given. Draw its all the three orthographic views, using first angle method of projections. Give all the dimensions.
R22 40
ISOMETRIC VIEW
16 20
R22 30
66
30
30 26
10
40
20
FRONT VIEW
SCALE: 1:1
TOP VIEW
R20
20
30
10
R8
ISOMETRIC
ORTHO. VIEWS
R20 20 30
100
45 30
8 20
25
16
10
R8
(3) BY A SECTION PLANE , NORMAL TO BOTH H.P. AND V.P.(i.e. parallel to profile plane or side view plane)
Hence,
(a)The real or true shape of the section is observed in its S.V.
Figure shows isometric view of a machine component. Draw its (1)Front view, Top view & L.H.S View, using 3rd angle method of projections. (2)Sectional Front view, Top view & L.H.S.V., using 3rd angle method of projections.
15
15
50
10
1.
30
25 15 40 60 50 30 50
50
Top View
L.H.S.View
15
Front View
It will be nearer to V.P. in 1st angle method & against the vertical plane in 3rd angle method.
(With sectioning)
10
2.
25
30
15
40 60
30
50 A
50
Top View
L.H.S. View
Figure shows the pictorial view of a machine component. Draw its following views as per First angle method of projections (1) Front view from X direction. (2) Sectional top view-AA (3) L.H.S. View 20
A
60
20
Sketch shows the assumed cut model (retained part of the machine component / split against the observer) due to horizontal section plane passing through AB.
20
30, 7deep
20
A 60
A
20
20
120 F.V.
L.H.S.V.
28 14
Sectional T.V.
Figure shows the pictorial view of a machine components. Draw its following views, using 3rd angle method of projections. (1) Front view from arrow X
30
20
60
Retained split, will be nearer to V.P. in 1st angle method & against the vertical plane in 3rd angle method.
T.V.
20 20
40
80
90
60
F.V.
SEC. R.H.S.V
20
A
C
TOP VIEW
SPECIAL SECTIONS
REVOLVED SECTION
REMOVED SECTION
REMOVEDSECTION
REVOLVED SECTION
REMOVED SECTION
REMOVED SECTIONS