Windows system key combinations

F1: Help CTRL+ESC: Open Start menu ALT+TAB: Switch between open programs ALT+F4: Quit program SHIFT+DELETE: Delete item permanently Windows Logo+L: Lock the computer (without using CTRL+ALT+DELETE)

Windows program key combinations

CTRL+C: Copy CTRL+X: Cut CTRL+V: Paste CTRL+Z: Undo CTRL+B: Bold CTRL+U: Underline CTRL+I: Italic

Mouse click/keyboard modifier combinations for shell objects

SHIFT+right click: Displays a shortcut menu containing alternative commands SHIFT+double click: Runs the alternate default command (the second item on the menu) ALT+double click: Displays properties SHIFT+DELETE: Deletes an item immediately without placing it in the Recycle Bin

General keyboard-only commands

F1: Starts Windows Help F10: Activates menu bar options SHIFT+F10 Opens a shortcut menu for the selected item (this is the same as rightclicking an object CTRL+ESC: Opens the Start menu (use the ARROW keys to select an item) CTRL+ESC or ESC: Selects the Start button (press TAB to select the taskbar, or press SHIFT+F10 for a context menu) CTRL+SHIFT+ESC: Opens Windows Task Manager ALT+DOWN ARROW: Opens a drop-down list box ALT+TAB: Switch to another running program (hold down the ALT key and then press the TAB key to view the task-switching window) SHIFT: Press and hold down the SHIFT key while you insert a CD-ROM to bypass the automatic-run feature ALT+SPACE: Displays the main window's System menu (from the System menu, you can restore, move, resize, minimize, maximize, or close the window) ALT+- (ALT+hyphen): Displays the Multiple Document Interface (MDI) child window's System menu (from the MDI child window's System menu, you can restore, move, resize, minimize, maximize, or close the child window) CTRL+TAB: Switch to the next child window of a Multiple Document Interface (MDI) program

ALT+underlined letter in menu: Opens the menu ALT+F4: Closes the current window CTRL+F4: Closes the current Multiple Document Interface (MDI) window ALT+F6: Switch between multiple windows in the same program (for example, when the Notepad Find dialog box is displayed, ALT+F6 switches between the Find dialog box and the main Notepad window)

Shell objects and general folder/Windows Explorer shortcuts

For a selected object:

F2: Rename object F3: Find all files CTRL+X: Cut CTRL+C: Copy CTRL+V: Paste SHIFT+DELETE: Delete selection immediately, without moving the item to the Recycle Bin ALT+ENTER: Open the properties for the selected object

To copy a file Press and hold down the CTRL key while you drag the file to another folder. To create a shortcut Press and hold down CTRL+SHIFT while you drag a file to the desktop or a folder.

General folder/shortcut control

F4: Selects the Go To A Different Folder box and moves down the entries in the box (if the toolbar is active in Windows Explorer) F5: Refreshes the current window. F6: Moves among panes in Windows Explorer CTRL+G: Opens the Go To Folder tool (in Windows 95 Windows Explorer only) CTRL+Z: Undo the last command CTRL+A: Select all the items in the current window BACKSPACE: Switch to the parent folder SHIFT+click+Close button: For folders, close the current folder plus all parent folders

Windows Explorer tree control

Numeric Keypad *: Expands everything under the current selection Numeric Keypad +: Expands the current selection Numeric Keypad -: Collapses the current selection. RIGHT ARROW: Expands the current selection if it is not expanded, otherwise goes to the first child LEFT ARROW: Collapses the current selection if it is expanded, otherwise goes to the parent

Properties control

CTRL+TAB/CTRL+SHIFT+TAB: Move through the property tabs

Accessibility shortcuts

Press SHIFT five times: Toggles StickyKeys on and off Press down and hold the right SHIFT key for eight seconds: Toggles FilterKeys on and off Press down and hold the NUM LOCK key for five seconds: Toggles ToggleKeys on and off Left ALT+left SHIFT+NUM LOCK: Toggles MouseKeys on and off Left ALT+left SHIFT+PRINT SCREEN: Toggles high contrast on and off

Microsoft Natural Keyboard keys

Windows Logo: Start menu Windows Logo+R: Run dialog box Windows Logo+M: Minimize all SHIFT+Windows Logo+M: Undo minimize all Windows Logo+F1: Help Windows Logo+E: Windows Explorer Windows Logo+F: Find files or folders Windows Logo+D: Minimizes all open windows and displays the desktop CTRL+Windows Logo+F: Find computer CTRL+Windows Logo+TAB: Moves focus from Start, to the Quick Launch toolbar, to the system tray (use RIGHT ARROW or LEFT ARROW to move focus to items on the Quick Launch toolbar and the system tray) Windows Logo+TAB: Cycle through taskbar buttons Windows Logo+Break: System Properties dialog box Application key: Displays a shortcut menu for the selected item

Microsoft Natural Keyboard with IntelliType software installed

Windows Logo+L: Log off Windows Windows Logo+P: Starts Print Manager Windows Logo+C: Opens Control Panel Windows Logo+V: Starts Clipboard Windows Logo+K: Opens Keyboard Properties dialog box Windows Logo+I: Opens Mouse Properties dialog box Windows Logo+A: Starts Accessibility Options (if installed) Windows Logo+SPACEBAR: Displays the list of Microsoft IntelliType shortcut keys Windows Logo+S: Toggles CAPS LOCK on and off

Dialog box keyboard commands

TAB: Move to the next control in the dialog box SHIFT+TAB: Move to the previous control in the dialog box

SPACEBAR: If the current control is a button, this clicks the button. If the current control is a check box, this toggles the check box. If the current control is an option, this selects the option. ENTER: Equivalent to clicking the selected button (the button with the outline) ESC: Equivalent to clicking the Cancel button ALT+underlined letter in dialog box item: Move to the corresponding item

Comparison of keyboard shortcuts

Main article: Keyboard shortcut

Keyboard shortcuts are a common aspect of most modern operating systems and associated software applications. Their use is pervasive enough that some users consider them an essential element of their routine interactions with a computer. Whether used as a matter of personal preference or for adaptive technology, the pervasiveness of common conventions enables the comparison of keyboard shortcuts across different systems. The following sections detail some of these comparisons in widely used operating systems.

General shortcuts
A note regarding KDE's shortcuts is that they can be changed and the below list contains the defaults.
Action Windows Mac OS
Ctrl + F2 , then F (requires

KDE / GNOME

Emacs

File menu

Alt + F

full keyboard access active, using System Preferences > Keyboard > Keyboard Shortcuts > Full Keyboard Access > All Controls)
Ctrl + F2 , then E Ctrl + F2 , then V

Alt + F

Meta + ` , then f

Edit menu View menu

Alt + E Alt + V

Alt + E Alt + V

Meta + ` , then e

Ctrl + x , then u

Undo the last Ctrl + Z operation

Cmd + Z

Ctrl + Z

or Ctrl + / or Ctrl + _ or Undo

Redo the last Ctrl + Y operation

Shift + Cmd + Z

Same as undo, when undo is exhausted, it Shift + Ctrl + Z redoes. Move the cursor after one or more undos, and further undos will be

Action

Windows

Mac OS

KDE / GNOME redos.

Emacs

Cut the selected area Ctrl + X , or Cmd + X and store it in Shift + Del the clipboard Copy the selected area Ctrl + C , or into the Ctrl + Ins clipboard

Ctrl + X

Ctrl + w

Cmd + C

Ctrl + C

Meta + w , or Ctrl + Ins

Paste contents Ctrl + V , or Cmd + V of clipboard at Shift + Ins cursor Paste special Ctrl + Alt + V Select everything in Ctrl + A focused control or window

Ctrl + V

Ctrl + y , or Shift + Ins ,

or

Ctrl + Shift + V

Meta + y

Cmd + A

Ctrl + A

Ctrl + x , then h

Cmd + Space

Toggle among installed Shift + Alt keyboard languages

Ctrl + Alt + K

Configure desired keypress Keyboard Ctrl + \ in Keyboard and Mouse Preferences, Keyboard Shortcuts, Select the next Shift + Alt in GNOME source in Input menu.[1]

via KDE

Navigation
Action Windows
Win , enter executable

Mac OS

KDE/GNOME

Run new application

name or Win + R , enter executable name

Cmd + Space , enter

Alt + F2 , enter

executable name

executable name

Open new browser Ctrl + N (for both window with same explorer.exe and

Action page as current Make new folder

Windows iexplore.exe)
Ctrl + Shift + N

Mac OS

KDE/GNOME

Shift + Cmd + N

Ctrl + Shift + N Alt + "n"

Applications menu

Win or Ctrl + Esc

e.g. for _File_ Alt + f

Ctrl + Shift + Eject

Lock desktop

Win + L

[2]

(If "Require password after sleep or screen saver" is enabled in "System Preferences Security & Privacy")

Ctrl + Alt + L

Win + D or

Show desktop

Win + M (then use Win + Shift + M to bring

F11

back all windows) Log out user Switch active user Task manager Rename object
Win + L
[3]

Shift + Cmd + Q

Ctrl + Alt + Delete

Ctrl + Shift + Esc , Ctrl + Alt + Delete F2

[4]

Alt + Cmd + Esc

Ctrl + Esc

Enter Cmd + O

F2 Enter Alt + Tab / Alt + Shift + Tab

Open file or program Enter Switch to next/previous focused window

Alt + Tab / Shift + Alt + Tab

Cmd + Tab / Shift + Cmd + Tab

Switch focus to the Alt + Esc / next/previous window (without Shift + Alt + Esc dialog) Open the Run dialog Win + R box

Only works within single Applications

Cmd + `

/ Cmd + ~
Alt + F2

Cmd + Space

Action Open the Search dialog box

Windows
Win , enter executable

Mac OS
Cmd + Space / Alt + F

KDE/GNOME

name or Win + F

Power management
Action Windows Mac OS KDE / GNOME
Sleep (available on some Opt + Cmd + Eject
[5]

Sleep (available on some Place computer keyboards, configurable in into Control Panel-->Power sleep/standby Options-->Advanced tab mode dialog box)

keyboards, configurable in Control Panel-->Power Options->Advanced tab dialog box)

Ctrl + Opt +

Shutdown computer

Win + R type shutdown -

Cmd + Eject

Ctrl + Alt + Shift + PageDown

s -t time in seconds

(no confirmation, (KDE; no confirmation, shutdown is immediate) shutdown is immediate)

Ctrl + Cmd + Eject
[5]

Restart computer

Win + R type shutdown -r

Ctrl + Alt + Shift + PageUp

-t time in seconds

(no confirmation, (KDE; no confirmation, restart is immediate) restart is immediate)

Ctrl + Shift + Eject

Place display in sleep mode Bring up power/sleep dialog box

Alt + F4 (while on Desktop

only)

Ctrl + Eject

Screenshots
Action Windows Mac OS
Shift + Cmd + 3

KDE / GNOME
Print Screen set the name and

Save screenshot of entire Print Screen screen as file Copy screenshot of entire Print Screen or

click "Save". GNOME Shell [6]

Print Screen click "Copy to

Ctrl + Shift +

Action screen to clipboard Save screenshot of window as file Copy screenshot of window to clipboard Copy screenshot of arbitrary area to clipboard Save screenshot of arbitrary area as file Screencasting

Windows
Ctrl + Print Screen

Mac OS
Cmd + 3 Shift + Cmd + 4

KDE / GNOME Clipboard". GNOME Shell [6]

Alt + Print Screen set the name

then Space
Alt + Print Screen Ctrl + Shift +

and click "Save". GNOME [6]

Alt + Print Screen click "Copy to

Cmd + 4 then Space Clipboard". GNOME [6] Ctrl + Shift + Cmd + 4 Shift + Cmd + 4 Ctrl + Shift + Alt + R
[7] [8]

Text editing
Many of these commands may be combined with Shift to select a region of text.[9]
Action Windows Mac OS KDE / GNOME Emacs Vim

Delete char to Del or the right of Fn + cursor Backspace

Del , or Ctrl + d

Ctrl + d

Delete word to the right of Ctrl + Del cursor

Opt + Del or Opt + Fn + Backspace Ctrl + Opt + Backspace Ctrl + Backspace Backspace , or Meta + Backspace Cmd + or Ctrl + A Cmd + or db Ctrl + Del Meta + d dw

Delete word to Ctrl + the left of Backspace cursor

Go to start of Home , or line Fn + Go to end of

End , or

Home

Ctrl + a , or Home

End

Ctrl + e , or End

Action line

Windows
Fn +

Mac OS
Ctrl + E

KDE / GNOME

Emacs

Vim

Go to start of Ctrl + document Home Go to end of document

Ctrl + End

Cmd +

Ctrl + Home

Meta + < , or Ctrl + Home Meta + > , or Ctrl + End Meta + b , or

gg

Cmd +

Ctrl + End

Go to previous Ctrl + word

Opt +

Ctrl +

Ctrl + , or Meta + Meta + f , or

Go to next word

Ctrl +

Opt +

Ctrl +

Ctrl + , or Meta +

Go to previous line Go to next line Go to previous Ctrl + line break (paragraph) Go to next line Ctrl + break

Ctrl + p , or

Ctrl + n , or

Opt +

Ctrl + (kword or Meta + '{' , or

GNOME)

Control +

Opt +

Ctrl + (kword or Meta + '}' , or

GNOME)
Ctrl + F Ctrl + K

Control +

Cmd + F

Go to find

Ctrl + F

Cmd + E

Ctrl + s

(Search with (GNOME; interactive current search) selection)

Go to next F3 search result
Cmd + G Ctrl + G (GNOME)

or F3 (KDE)[10]
Shift + Ctrl + G

Ctrl + s

Shift + Go to previous Shift + F3 search result Cmd + G

Ctrl + r (GNOME) or [10] Shift + F3 (KDE) Ctrl + H (GNOME) Meta + %

Search and

Ctrl + H

Cmd + F

%s/fosh/fish/gc

Action replace Search a regular expression Search and replace a regular expression

Windows

Mac OS

KDE / GNOME or Ctrl + R (KDE)

Emacs

Vim

Ctrl + Meta + s

All search uses regular expressions.

Ctrl + Meta + % ,

Text formatting
Action Make selected Ctrl + B text bold/regular Toggle underlining of Ctrl + U selected text Make selected Ctrl + I text italic/regular
Shift + F3 (Works for

Windows

Mac OS

KDE / GNOME[11]

Emacs

Vim

Cmd + B

Ctrl + B

Cmd + U

Ctrl + U

Cmd + I

Ctrl + I

Meta + u for Opt + Cmd + C

Change to upper/lower case

Microsoft Word and Powerpoint but not Microsoft Excel)[citation

needed]

upper,

gU for

Meta + l for lower, Meta + c lower. for capitalized.

upper, gu for

Ctrl + Cmd + +

Make selected Ctrl + Shift + + text superscript

(Pages and Adobe Applications only?)

Ctrl + Cmd + -

Ctrl + Shift + P
[12]

Make selected Ctrl + = text subscript

Ctrl + Shift + B
[12]

(Pages and Adobe

Action

Windows

Mac OS Applications only?)

KDE / GNOME[11]

Emacs

Vim

Make selected Ctrl + Shift + > / Ctrl + Shift + < , text larger/smaller
Ctrl + [ / Ctrl + ]

Browsers / Go menu
Action Go to Browser's Address Bar Windows
Alt + D or Alt + C

Mac OS
Cmd + L

KDE / GNOME

according language
Go to the previous location Alt + or Backspace in history Go to the next location in Alt + or Shift + Backspace history (web browser only) Go up one level in the navigation hierarchy
Alt + (Vista and 7 only) or Backspace (Windows Explorer) Cmd + [ or Cmd + Cmd + ] or Cmd + Alt +

Alt +

Cmd +

Alt +

Go to the starting page defined by the user or application

Ctrl + Home Alt + Home Cmd + Home

(KDE) /
Alt + Home (GNOME)

Web browsers
Action Bookmarks menu Windows
Ctrl + B

Mac OS
Cmd + B (Firefox) Cmd + Enter (Firefox)

KDE / GNOME
Alt + B

Emacsw3m
v

URL Shortcuts (Adds www. + .com)

Ctrl + Enter

or
Control + Enter (Chrome)

Ctrl + Enter

Action URL Shortcuts (Adds www. + .org) URL Shortcuts (Adds www. + .net)

Windows
Ctrl + Shift + Enter

Mac OS
Shift + Cmd + Enter

KDE / GNOME
Ctrl + Shift + Enter

Emacsw3m

(Firefox)
Shift + Enter (Firefox)

Shift + Enter

Shift + Enter

Add bookmark for current Ctrl + D page Add bookmark for current link

Cmd + D

Ctrl + B / Ctrl + D

Meta + a Cmd + Opt + B

Manage bookmarks

Ctrl + B

(Chrome/Safari) or
Cmd + Shift + B

Ctrl + Shift + R / Ctrl + B

(Firefox)
Cmd + E (Opera) or

Focus and select Web search bar

Ctrl + E

(Firefox) or Opt + Cmd + F (Safari)

Cmd + L

Cmd + K

Ctrl + k

Focus and select address Ctrl + L or F6 or bar Alt + D Refresh a webpage Open a new window
F5 or Ctrl + R Ctrl + N

Ctrl + L or Alt + D or F6 F5 or Ctrl + R Ctrl + N Ctrl + + and Ctrl + - and Ctrl + 0

Cmd + R Cmd + N (Chrome)

Ctrl + + and Zoom Options (zoom in +, Ctrl + - and zoom out -, zoom 100%) Ctrl + 0

Cmd + + and Cmd + - and Cmd + 0

Tab management
Action Windows Mac OS KDE / GNOME
Ctrl + Shift + N or Ctrl + Shift + T or Ctrl + T

Emacsw3m
Ctrl + c ,

Create a Ctrl + T new tab

Cmd + T

then

Action

Windows

Mac OS

KDE / GNOME

Emacsw3m
Ctrl + t

Ctrl + W Mozilla Firefox

[14]

[13]

&
[15]

Close current tab

Ctrl + W

Cmd + W

Opera & Chrom{e,ium} Arora [16] & Epiphany [17] & Midori
Ctrl + F4

&

Mozilla Firefox [13] & Opera [14] & Chrom{e,ium} [15] & Arora [16]
Close all tabs but the current one Go to next Ctrl + Tab tab
Cmd + Opt + W Ctrl + c ,

(Safari)

then
Meta + w

Control + Tab or Cmd + Shift +

Ctrl + PageDown or Ctrl + Tab

Ctrl + c ,

(Safari)
Shift + Control + Tab

or Ctrl + .

then Ctrl + n
Ctrl + c ,

Go to Ctrl + previous Shift + Tab tab

or Cmd + Shift + (Safari)

Ctrl + PageUp or Ctrl + Shift + Tab or Ctrl + ,

then Ctrl + p

Go to tab- Ctrl +n Cmd +n (Chrome) n (Chrome/Firefox) Open a previously Ctrl + Shift + T closed tab Open a previously Ctrl + Shift + N closed (Firefox) window
Cmd + Shift + T

Alt +n

Ctrl + Shift + T

Ctrl + Shift + T

(Firefox/Opera/Chrome) (Firefox/Opera/Chrome)[15][18][19]

(Firefox)[18]

Window management
Action Windows Mac OS KDE
Alt + F3

GNOME
Alt + Space

Emacs
Ctrl + ` ,

Pop up window menu Alt + Space

Action

Windows

Mac OS

KDE

GNOME

Emacs then b

Shift + Alt + F4

Close the focused window

or Ctrl + F4 or
Ctrl + W or Alt + Space then C
[20]

Cmd + W

Alt + F4

Alt + F4

Ctrl + x ,

then k

Ctrl + x ,

then r , Restore the focused Alt + Space then window to its [20] R previous size then j , then letter of the window state register.

Alt + F5

Alt + Space then

Move the focused window

[20]

then

Alt +Mouse / Alt + F3 then M then Arrow Keys Alt + F3 then S then Arrow Keys

Alt +Mouse / Alt + F7 then Arrow Keys Ctrl + x ,

Arrow Keys and Enter (to save

location) Resize the focused window

Alt + Space then S
[20]

then Arrow

Alt + F8 then Arrow Keys

Keys

then ^ vertically
Meta + x ,

Hide the focused window

Cmd + H

then burybuffer RET, then

Ret

Hide all except the focused window

Alt + Space then

Cmd + Option + H Meta + x , Alt + F3 then N Alt + F9

[20] Minimize the focused N , or Cmd + M Win + window (Windows 7 and Vista Home

then burybuffer RET, then

Ret

Action

Windows Premium)
Alt + Space then

Mac OS

KDE

GNOME

Emacs

Maximize the focused window

X,

[20]

or

Win +

Alt + F3 then X

Alt + F10

Ctrl + x ,

(Windows 7 only)

then 1

Maximize horizontally
Win +

Available, but Available, but no default no default

Maximize vertically

Shift +

(Windows 7 only)
Win + M or Win + D Win + Home Cmd + Alt + M

Available, but Available, but no default no default

Minimize all

Available, but Ctrl + Alt + D no default Available, but no default Available, but Ctrl + Alt + D no default

Minimize all non focused windows

(Windows 7 only)
Shift + Win + M Cmd + Shift + F

Undo minimize all Switch fullscreen/normal size Show the window in full screen mode, with no border, menubar, toolbar or statusbar Rollup/down window

F11

F11

F11

Depends on application, system default:

Cmd + CTRL + F

Ctrl + Shift + F

Ctrl + F11

Available, but Alt + F12 no default

F9 or Win + Tab Win works Ctrl + x ,

Show all open windows

Move mouse pointer to

per desktop then on Gnome 3+ Ctrl + b

Action

Windows

Mac OS

KDE

GNOME

Emacs

configured hot corner or active screen corner[21][22]

F3 or

Show all windows of current application

Move mouse pointer to configured hot corner or active screen corner[21][22]

F8 or

Ctrl + x , Ctrl + `

then Ctrl + b

Win then

Show all workspaces

Move mouse pointer to configured hot corner or active screen corner[21][22]

mouse over the desktop bar on the right edge of the screen
Ctrl + Alt +

Move window to Win + / left/right/up/down (Windows 7 workspace only)

Win + Shift + /

Available, but Shift + no default

///

Move window between multiple monitors Move window to workspace n Switch to next/previous workspace list Go to workspace n Go to left/right/up/down workspace

(Windows 7 only) Available, but no default Available, but no default

Ctrl + n Ctrl + /
[23]

Ctrl + Fn

Ctrl + Alt + / Ctrl + / Ctrl + / Ctrl +

//

(OS X 10.5 to

Action

Windows

Mac OS

KDE

GNOME

Emacs

10.6), Ctrl + / Ctrl + (OS X 10.7)

F11 or

Show / hide desktop Win + D

Move mouse Ctrl + Alt + D pointer to configured hot corner or active screen corner[21][22]

Ctrl + Alt + D

user specific, no default

Activate window demanding attention Quit application of current window Close dialog
Alt + F4 or Ctrl + F4 Cmd + Q
[25]

Ctrl + Alt + Esc

varies
Esc

[24]

Esc

Win + (#)

Open/Focus (preview) pinned program on the taskbar

where "#" is the position of the program on the Windows 7 Taskbar (Windows 7 only)
Win + (#)

where "#" is the Open new program position of the window of pinned program on the program in Quick Quick Launch Launch toolbar (Windows Vista and 7) Open new program window of the pinned program on the taskbar (if program is already
Win + Shift + (#) where

"#" is the position of the program on the

Action opened)

Windows Windows 7 Taskbar (Windows 7 only)

Win + T , you

Mac OS

KDE

GNOME

Emacs

can back Focus the first and forth. Hold taskbar entry. Shift to cycle Pressing again will backwards cycle through them (Windows 7 only)
F11 or Win + Space

Peek at the desktop (Windows 7 only)

Move mouse pointer to configured hot corner or active screen corner[21][22]

Win + G

Bring gadgets to the front of the Z-order and cycle between gadgets

(Windows Vista,7) or Win + Space (Vista only, no cycling)

Win + P External display options (mirror, (Windows 7 and extend desktop, etc.) Windows 8)

User interface navigation (widgets and controls)

Action Windows Mac OS With full keyboard access Moves keyboard focus Tab / active (System Preferences to next/previous control
Shift + Tab > Keyboard > Keyboard Tab / Shift + Tab

KDE

GNOME
Tab / Shift + Tab Ctrl + Tab

Shortcuts > Full Keyboard Access > All Controls)

Shift + Ctrl + Tab

Action

Windows
Tab

Mac OS

KDE

GNOME

/ Shift + Tab
Ctrl + F1

Pop up tooltip for currently focused control

Shift + F1

Show context-sensitive help for currently Shift + F1 Cmd + ? focused window or control Give focus to next/previous pane Give focus to splitter bar in paned window
Cmd + Shift + / , then Ctrl + F6 / Alt + F6 Cmd + `

Shift + F1 Shift + F1

F6 / Shift + F6

F8

type command name, or Ctrl + F2 (or Fn + Ctrl + F2 on some keyboards - requires Give focus to window's F10 or Alt full keyboard access active Alt menu bar using System Preferences > Keyboard > Keyboard Shortcuts > Full Keyboard Access > All Controls)) Varies with laptop / extended keyboard type; Pop up contextual enable Mouse keys in menu for currently Shift + F10 Universal Access, then selected objects (aka or Menu Function + Ctrl +5 or Ctrl +5 context menu) (numeric keypad) or Function + Ctrl +i (laptop) Toggle selected state of focused checkbox, Space radio button, or toggle button Activate focused Enter button, menu item etc.

F10

Menu

Menu or Shift + F10

Space

Space

Space

Space (also Enter for

menu items)

Enter

Enter

Action Select/move to first/last item in selected widget Scroll selected view by one page up/left/down/right

Windows

Mac OS

KDE
Home / End

GNOME

Home / End

PageUp / Ctrl + PageUp / PageDown / Ctrl + PageDown

(or Fn + }+ Fn + on some keyboards)

or on MacBook Pro Fn +

Scroll selected view to top/bottom

Opt + or on MacBook Pro Fn + Opt +

Switch focus to the next/previous tab within a window Switch focus to the next/previous panel on the desktop Switch focus to the next/previous panel (without dialog)

Ctrl + Tab

Ctrl + Tab / Cmd + `

Ctrl + Tab -> Ctrl + Shift + Tab

<Ctrl + Alt + Tab / Shift + Ctrl + Alt + Tab Ctrl + Alt + Esc / Shift + Ctrl + Alt + Esc

Command line shortcuts

Below is a list of common keyboard shortcuts that are used in a command line environment.
Microsoft Unix/Linux/Mac Unix/Linux/Mac Windows OS X OS X (Windows (bash) (POSIX shell) PowerShell)
/ / or Ctrl + P / Ctrl + N Ctrl + D Ctrl + C Ctrl + C Ctrl + C ESC K / ESC J

Action

Microsoft Windows (cmd.exe)

Scroll through History of typed commands Signal end-of-file Abort current

Ctrl + Z Ctrl + C

command/typing Erase word to the left Erase word to the right Erase line to the left Erase line to the right Yank/paste previously erased string Move one word to the left (backward) Move one word to the right (forward) Move to beginning of line
Ctrl + Ctrl + Ctrl + Backspace Ctrl + W

Ctrl + Delete

Alt + D

Ctrl + Home Ctrl + End Ctrl + End

Ctrl + U Ctrl + K

Ctrl + Y

Alt + B

Ctrl +

Ctrl +

Alt + F

Home

Home

Ctrl + A

or Home
Move to end of line Reverse search of history Stop execution of the current job Insert the next character typed verbatim Autocomplete command/file name Paste contents of clipboard at cursor Scroll window up
Shift + PageUp (may not Tab (enabled by End End Ctrl + E

or End
F8 F8 Ctrl + R

Ctrl + Z

Ctrl + V

default in Windows XP and later)

Tab

Tab (usually

Esc (usually

once)

twice)

Shift + Ins

Shift + PageUp

work in some versions of

Windows XP)
Shift + PageDown (may Shift + PageDown

Scroll window down

not work in some versions of Windows XP)

Accessibility

In Windows, it is possible to disable these shortcuts using the Accessibility or Ease of Access control panel. In GNOME, these shortcuts are possible if Universal Access is enabled. Action Utility Manager Windows
Win + U

Mac OS

KDE

GNOME

Use keyboard to control cursor

( Left Alt + Left

Shift + Numlock

[26]

Allow user to press shortcuts ( Shift 5 times) one key at a time Hear beep when -lock key pressed ( Numlock for 5 seconds)

***( Shift 5 times)

[27]

Stop/slow repeating characters ( Right Shift for 8 when key is pressed seconds)
Left Alt + Left Shift + PrtScn Cmd + Opt + Ctrl + 8

***( Shift for 8 seconds)[28]

[29][30]

Inverse (Reverse Colors) Mode